tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51394718676623155362024-02-06T18:16:02.622-08:00💧مدونة سورة البقرةUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger34125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-61556300818281235242023-12-16T07:45:00.000-08:002023-12-16T07:45:33.123-08:00ارفع<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ج 3
ج3هبهو م تلاوات القران الكريم الجزء الثاني 666._2-Copy.
الرابط https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nm2wDJI-</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> QNa1Y0GYr2UfLZyeQSh2t0sP/view?usp=sharing
الرابط <br /></span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><iframe allow="autoplay" height="300" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nm2wDJI-QNa1Y0GYr2UfLZyeQSh2t0sP/preview" width="390"></iframe> <br /></span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
ج4.
الرابط https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vY21IyhFmy-5_F5qYxz9vXF5nxv_z7vU</span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">/view?usp=sharing </span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" height="300" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vY21IyhFmy-5_F5qYxz9vXF5nxv_z7vU/preview" width="390"></iframe> </span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ج احر
الرابط هيهو بريد الي@@@@ مدون 5555555555ة المصحف مكتوبا بصيغة وود @@ثم الباقي في الصفحة@@ القلدمة بمشيئة الل.pdf
الرابط https://drive.google.com/file/d/12lF9Q8qJZwejcD2vlk78yZ41y96JcZ_N/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nm2wDJI-QNa1Y0GYr2UfLZyeQSh2t0sP/view?usp=sharing
ج3هبهو م تلاوات القران الكريم الجزء الثاني 666._2-Copy
التضمين
<iframe allow="autoplay" height="300" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nm2wDJI-QNa1Y0GYr2UfLZyeQSh2t0sP/preview" width="390"></iframe></span>
</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-51107028183025804532023-01-13T11:25:00.002-08:002023-01-13T11:25:40.270-08:00تطبيق بنوك اسئلة الثانوية العامة 3ث.<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"> </span><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</p><div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span style="font-family: Gulzar;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تطبيق بنوك اسئلة
الثانوية العامة</span></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي
111 مراجعة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1 أكتب المصطلح العلمي بكل من التعريفات الأتية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- العناصر الفلزية التى تمتاز بتعدد حالات تأكسدها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الفلزات
الانتقالية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- العناصر الفلزية التى غالباً ما يكون لها حالة تأكسد واحدة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الفلزات
الممثلة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">خاصية تظهر فهى الأيونات أو الذرات أو الجزئيات التي سمون فيها
اوربيتالات تشغلها إلكترونات مفردة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخاصية
البارامغناطيسية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- عنصرانتقالي شديد الصلابة كالصلب وأقل من كثافة يستخدم في صناعة المفاصل
الصناعية </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">التيتانيوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مركب تعمل دقائقة النانوية على الحماية من أخطار أشعة الشمس </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ثاني
اكسبد التيتانيوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- من مركبات الكروم المستخدمة كمادة مؤكسدة ويكون عدد تأكسد الكروم فيها 6+
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ثاني كرومات البوتاسيوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- عنصر انتقالي يضاف إلى مصابيح ابخرة الزئبق لانتاج ضوء عالي الكفاءة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السكانديوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مركبات الكروم التى تظهر باللون الأخضر مركبات الكروم </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> - الحصول على الحجم المناسب
لعمليات ا ختزال. عمليات التكسير - ربط وتجميع حبيبات خام الحديد الناعم فى أحئام
أكبر تكون متماثلة ومتجانسة. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">التلبيد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ثاني سؤال واجابته 2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تجهيز خامات الحديد قبل استخلاص الحديد منها. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لتحسين الأحوال الفيزيائية والميكانيكية والكيميائية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3 علل : يفضل استخدام الحديد فى صورة سبائك وليس في الصورة النقية. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> . </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لأن
الحديد النقى لين نسبياً ليس شديد الصلابة ويسهل تشكيله ، </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
ولأن السبائك تتميز بخواص مميزه مثل درجات الانصهار والتوصيل الكهربي والخواص
المغناطيسية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4 علل : العناصر الإنتقالية الرئيسية تتكون من عشرة أعمدة: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لأنه يتتابع فيها امتلاء المستوى الفرعى (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">d</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
الذى يتسع لعشرة إلكترونات.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5 علل : يستخدم السكانديوم فى سبيكة مع الألومنيوم فى صناعة طائرات الميج.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن
السبيكة تمتاز بخفتها وشدة صلابتها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">6 علل : - يضاف السكانديوم إلى مصابيح أبخرة الزئبق </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لإنتاج ضوء عالى الكفاءة يشبه ضوء الشمس
ولذل تستخدم فى التصوير الليلى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">7 علل : يفضل استخدم التيتانيوم عن الألومنيوم فى صناعة الصواريخ.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه يحافظ على متانته فهى درجات
الحرارة العالية على العكس من الألومنيوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">8 علل : يستخدم التيتانيوم فى عمليات زراعة الأسنان والمفاصل الصناعية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن
الجسم لا يلفظه ولا يسبب أى نوع من التسمم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">9 علل : ثانى أكسيد التيتانيوم (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">TiO2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) يدخل فى تركيب مستحضرات
الحماية من أشعة الشمس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لأن دقائقة النانوية تعمل على منع وصول الأشجعه فوق البنفسجية للجلد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">10 علل : الكروم فلز نشط ولكنه يقاوم فعل العوامل الجوية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
بسبب تكون طبقة من الأكسيد على سطحه غير مسامية حجم جزيئاتها أكبر من حجم
ذرات العنصر نفسه تمنع استمرار تفاعل الكروم مع أكسجين الهواء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">11 علل: لا يستخدم المنجنيز وهو فى حالته النقية ويستخدم فى صورة
سبائك أو مركبات.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
بسبب هشاشته الشديدة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">12 علل : تستخدم سبائك الحديد مع المنجنيز فى صناعة السكك الحديدية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لأنها أصلب من الصلب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">13 علل : تستخدم سبيائك الألومنيوم مع المنجنيز فى صناعة المشروبات
الغازية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
بسبب مقاومتها للتآكل.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">14 علل : تعدد حالات التأكسد لعناصر السلسلة الانتقالية الأولى.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لتقارب طاقة المستويين الفرعيين (3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">d, 4s</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
حيث تخرج الإلكترونات من (4</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">s</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
أولاً ثم يتتابع خروجها من (3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">d</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">15 علل : ترى بعض المواد باللون الأبيض.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لأن المادة لم تمتص أى من ألوان الضوء المرئي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">16 علل : تجرى عمليات التركيز على خام الحديد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لزيادة نسبة الحديد وذاك بفصل الشوائب والمواد الغير مرغوب فيها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">17
أذكر وظيفة لكل عنصر مما يلي : النيكل - النحاس - الخارصين - محلول فهلنج</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- النيكل
:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يستخدم في صناعة بطاريات النيكل-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">كادميوم
القابلة لإعادة الشحن</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- النحاس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
الأدوات والأسلاك الكهربائية - صناعة العملات المعدنية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #990000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- الخارصين : </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جلفنة باقي العناصر لحمايتها من الصدأ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- محلول فهلنج : </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكشف عن سكر الجلوكوز
حي يتحول من اللون الأزرق إلى اللون البرتقالى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">18 قارن بين :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسة الانتقالية الأول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">/<span style="color: #274e13;"> والثالثة</span></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #002060; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الأولي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الثالثة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الرابعة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السادسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من الإسكانديوم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ( SC) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حتي الخارصين</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>( Zn)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من اللنثانويوم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(La) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حتي الزئبق</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(Hg)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>19 19 علل : يسبب حمض النيتريك
المركز خمولاً ظاهرياً للحديد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لتكون طبقة رقيقة من الأكسيد على سط الفلز تحميه من استمرار التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">20 20 قارن بين السلسة الانتقالية الثانية
والثالثة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة الانتقالية الأولي /
السلسلة الانتقالية الثانية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الثانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة
الانتقالية الثالثة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5d</span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخامسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في
الدورة السادسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">اليوتريوم حتي الكادميوم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل
العناصر من اللثانوم حتي الزئبق</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>21 قارن بين المواد </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">البارامعناطيسية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: magenta; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">والدايامغناطيسية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: yellow; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المقارنة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المواد</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">البارا
مغناطيسية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المواد</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الديا
مغناطيسية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #632423; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">التعريف</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مواد تنجذب مع المجال المغناطيسي
الخارجي ويرجع ذلك</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي وجود الالكترونات المفردة في اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مواد تتنافر مع المجال المغناطيسي الخارجي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ويرجع ذلك الي إزدواج الالكترونات
المفردة في</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> (3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">العزم المغناطيسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يساوي عدد الالكترونات المفردة في
اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> (3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يساوي صفر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>22/ علل : تزداد كثافة السلسلة
الانتقالية الأولي بزيادة العذذ الذري </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بسبب
زيادة كتلتها الذرية مع الثبات النسبي في الحجم الذري.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">23-ما هو أثر الحرارة على كبريتات الحديد</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe(SO)4</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ---</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">∆→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">24 ما هو أثر الحرارة على السيدريت </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #cc0000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeCO3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ---</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">∆→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeO</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
+ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: rgb(234, 153, 153); color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeO</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> + </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: rgb(255, 217, 102); color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe2O3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">25 كيف يمكن الحصول على كلوريد الحديد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> من الحديد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe + 3 Cl2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">---</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">∆</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: rgb(241, 194, 50); color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeC3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="background: #F1C232;">2</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">26 كيف يمكن الحصول على :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> كبرتيد الحديد</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من الحديد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe
+ S</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ---</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">∆→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeS</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">27 كيف يمكن الحصول على : كلوريد الحديد</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> من الحديد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe
+ 2 HCI</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→→→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeCI
2 + H2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">28 علل: عندما يتفاعل الحديد مع الأحماض المعدنية المخففة الهيدروكوريك
الكبريتيك يتكون أملاح حديد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه عند تفاعله مع الحمض يتصاعد
الهيدروجين وهو عامل مختزل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">29 علل :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لا يتكون أكسيد حديد (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
عند تسخين أوكسالات الحديد (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
بمعزل عن الهواء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">↓</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون اول أكسيد الكربون وهو عامل مختزل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">( </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">COO)2Fe</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ---</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">∆</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeO(s) + CO(g) + (CO)2(g</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">0 كيف يمكن الحصول على الهيماتيت من
الجناتيت والعكس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">(بالاختزال) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
+ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O4</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
+ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">(الاكسدة)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O4</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
+ 1/2 </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>3
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">→</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">O3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">31 31 قارن بين طريقتي التحليل ):
(الكمي) ( الكتلي)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #002060; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">طريقة التطاير</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">طريقة الترسيب</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تبني هذه الطريقة علي اساس:تطاير العنصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أو المركب المراد
تقديرهوتجري عملية التقدير بجمع المادة المتطايرة وتعين كتلتها</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أو بتعيين مقدار النقص في كتيلة المادة الاصلية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تعتمد هذه الطريقة علي ترسيب العنصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المراد تقديره</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أو المكون المراد تقديره علي عينة مركب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">نقي غير قابل
للذوبان</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وذو تركيب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">كيميائي ثابت ومعروف</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>32</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">--أذكر المفهوم العلمي لكل مما يلي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1/ عملية تعيني تركيز حمض أو قاعدة بمعلومينة الحجم اللازم منه للتعادل مع
قاعدة أو حمض معلوم الحجم والتركيز.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المعايرة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2/ مواد كيمائية يتغير لونها بتغيير وسط التفاعل. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">(
الأدلة)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3/ تحليل يعتمد على فصل المكون المراد تقديره ثم تعيين كتلته وباستخدام
الحساب الكيمائي يمكن حساب كميته. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">(
التحليل الكمي الكتلي)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4 / النقطة التى يكون عندها كمية الحمض مكافئة لكمية القاعدة المتفاعله معه
ويتغير عندها لون الدليل. ( نقطة التعادل)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5/ الغاز الذى له رائحة كريهم ويسود ورقة مبلله باسيتات الرصاص (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H2S</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">6/ الغاز الذي يعكر ماء الجير (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">7/ الأنيون الذي يعطي راسب أسود مع </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">AgNO3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ( أنيون الكبرتيد)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">8/ عملية تحليل كيمائي للتعرف على مكونات المادة (التحليل الكيفي)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">9 / كاشف المجموعة التحليلية الخامسة هو: (كربونات الأمونيوم)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">10- العامل المختزل في فرن مدركس هو : (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO + H2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">33 علل : قبل اجراء عمليات التحليل للكمي يجب اجراء عمليات التحليل الوصفي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
للتعرف على مكونات انادة حتى يمكن اختيار أنسب الطرق لتحليلها كمياً</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">34 علل : يمرر غاز ثاني اكسيد الكربون فى ماء الجير لمدة قصيرة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
حتى لا تتحول كربونات الكالسيوم التى لا تذوب فى الماء إلى بيكربونات الكالسيوم
التى تذوب فى الماء فيختفي الراسب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">35 علل : يفضل التسخين الهين عند استخدام حمض الهيدروكلوريك فى الكشف عن
أنيونات: ( الكربونات - البيكربونات - الكبريتيت)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
* لأن التسخين الهين يساعد على طرد الغازات والتى يمكن الكشف عنها بالكاشف
المناسب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">36 علل : لا يصلح حمض الهيدروكلوريك المخفف للتمييز بين ملح كربونات
وبيكربونات الصوديوم </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لأنه في الحالتين يحدث فوران ويتصاعد غاز ثاني اكسيد الكربون الذى يعكر ماء الجير.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">37 علل 37/ يتكون راسب أبيض بعد التسخين عند اضافة ملح البيكربونات إلى
محلول كبريتات الماغنسيوم </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون بيكربونات الماغنسيوم التي تذوب فى
الماء وبعد التسخين يتكون كربونات الماغنسيوم التى لا تذوب فى الماء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">38 علل : يتكون راسب أبيض عند اضافة محلول كبريتيت الصوديوم غلى محلول
نيترات الفضة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الجواب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: lime; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون
كبرتيت الفضة التى لا تذوب في الماء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">39 علل: يتحول لون الغاز الناتج من اضافة حمض الهيدروكلوريك إلى نيتريت
الصوديوم عند فوهة الأنبوبة إلى اللون البني المحمر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لتصاعد غاز أكسيد النيتريك عديم اللون ومن ثم يتحد مع أكسجين الهواء ويتكون
ثاني اكسيد النيتروجين ذو اللون البني المحمر.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">40 علل : يستخدم حمص الكبريتيك المركز فى الكشف عن انيونات ( الكلوريد -
البروميد - النترات)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن حمض الكبريتيك أكثر ثباتاً من الأحماض
التى اشتقت منها املاح هذه النيونات (الحمض الأكثر ثباتاً يطرد الأحماض الأقل
ثباتاً).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">41 علل: عند اضافة حمض الكبريتيك .. إلى ملح الطعام وتقريب ساق مبلله
بمحلول النشادر تتكون سحب بيضاء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون غاز كلوريد الهيدروجين الذى يتحد مع
غاز النشادر ويكون كلوريد الأمونيوم.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">42 علل: يستخدم محلول كلوريد الباريوم فى الكشف عن انيونات الفوسفات
والكبريتات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن
محاليل أملاح هذه الأنيونات تعطي راسباً مع كلوريد الباريوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">43 علل : يستخدم حمض الهيدروكلوريك المخفف في التمييز بين راسب فوسفات
الباريوم الأبيض وراسب كبريتات الباريوم الأبيض</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن فوسفات الباريوم يذوب في حمض
الهيدروكلوريك المخفف بينما كبريتات الباريوم لا يذوب فى حمض الهيدروكلوريك المخفف</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">44 علل : يعتبر الكشف عن الشق القاعدي أكثر تعقيداً من الكشف عن الشق
الحامضي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لكثرة عدد الشقوق القاعدية والتداخل فيما بينها كما ان الشق الواحد يوجد فى أكثر
من حالة تأكسد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">45 علل: يتكون راسب أبيض عند اضافة هيدروكسيد الصوديوم إلى محلول كبريتات
الألمونيوم ويختفي الراسب بإضافة المزيد من هيدروكسيد الصوديوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">←←</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
لأن الراسب يذوب في وفرة من هيدروكسيد الصوديوم ويتكون ميتا ألومينات الصوديوم
التي تذوب فى الماء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">46 علل: يتكون راسب جيلاتينى بني محمر عند اضافة محلول هيدروكسيد الأمونيوم
إلى محلول ملح الحديد (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: لتكون راسب جيلاتينى من هيدروكسيد الحديد (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">47 علل : يتكون راسب أبييض عند اضافة حلول كربونات الأمونيوم إلى محلول ملح
الكالسيوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون كربونات الكالسيوم الذي لا يدوب فى الماء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">48 علل: يذوب كربونات الكالسيوم فى الماء المحتوي على </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لتكون بيكربونات الكالسيوم التى تذوب فى الماء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل: تستخدم <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الأدلة</span>
فى التعرف على نقطة تمام التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #7030a0; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن لونها يتغير بتغير وسط التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">50 علل: لا يستخدم محلول قاعدي في التمييز بين دليل عباد الشمس ودليل أزرق
برومثيمول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن كلاهما في الوسط القاعدى لونه أزرق</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">51 علل : لا يستخدم محلول حامضي فى التمييز بين دليل الميثيل البرتقالي
وعباد الشمس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن كلاهما لونه أحمر فى الوسط الحامضي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">52 علل : لا يستخدم دليل الفينولفثالين فى الكشف عن الأحماض</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌹" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="🌹" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه عديم اللون فى الوسط الحامضي والمتعادل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">53 اجريت معايرة 20 مللي من محلول هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ca(OH)2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ياستخدام هيدروكلوريك 0.05
مولاري وعند تمام التفاعل استهلك 25 مم من الحمض . احسب تركيز هيدروكسيد الصوديوم.
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> راجع الرابط المرفق</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ò</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جرب تطبيق بنوك اسئلة الثانوية العامة من جوجل بلاي <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></a></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">53 مكرر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جريت معايرة 20 مللي من محلول هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ca(OH)2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ياستخدام هيدروكلوريك 0.05
مولاري وعند تمام التفاعل استهلك 25 مم من الحمض . احسب تركيز هيدروكسيد الصوديوم.
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="📛" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="📛" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="📛" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> الرابط</span></b><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">54 مكرر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أوجد كتلة هيدروكسيد الصوديوم المذابه فى 25 ملليتر والتى تستهلك عند
معايرة 15 ملليتر من حمض الهيدركلوريك 0.1 مولاريعلماً بأن [</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Na =23 , O=16</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> , </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H=1</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>] </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> الرابط</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">54 مكرر</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">أكتب المفهوم العلمي لكل مما يلي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعلات تسير في اتجاه واحد بسبب خروج أحد النواتج من حيز التفاعل <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التفاعلات التامة</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعلات تسير فى الاتجاهين الطردي والعكسي وتكون المواد الداخلة والناتجة
من التفاعل موجوده باستمرار فى حيز التفاعل. <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التفاعلات الانعكاسية</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مقدار التغير فى تركيز المواد المتفاعلة فى وحدة الزمن <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">معدل التفاعل</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- الجزئيات ذات الطاقة الحركية المساوية لطاقة التنشيط أو تفوقها <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الجزئيات المنشطة</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مادة تقلل طاقة التنشيط دون ان تتغير أو تغير من وضع الاتزان العامل <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الحفاز</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- عملية تحويل جزئيات غير متأينه إلى أيونات <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التأين</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- يحدث فى الالكتروليتات الضعيفة وفيه يتأين بعض الجزئيات ولا يتأين البعض
الأخر <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التأين غير
التام</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعل الحمض مع القاعدة لتكوين الملح والماء<span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> التعادل</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- محلول فيه المادة المذابة فى حالة اتزان ديناميكي مع المادة غير المذابة <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">المحلول المشبع</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جرب تطبيق بنوك اسئلة الثانوية العامة من جوجل بلاي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">55 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">اكتب
المفهوم العلمي لكل مما يلي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعلات تسير في اتجاه واحد بسبب خروج أحد النواتج من حيز التفاعل <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التفاعلات التامة</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعلات تسير فى الاتجاهين الطردي والعكسي وتكون المواد الداخلة والناتجة
من التفاعل موجوده باستمرار فى حيز التفاعل. <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التفاعلات الانعكاسية</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مقدار التغير فى تركيز المواد المتفاعلة فى وحدة الزمن <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> معدل التفاعل </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- الجزئيات ذات الطاقة الحركية المساوية لطاقة التنشيط أو تفوقها <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الجزئيات المنشطة</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- مادة تقلل طاقة التنشيط دون ان تتغير أو تغير من وضع الاتزان <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">العامل الحفاز</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- عملية تحويل جزئيات غير متأينه إلى أيونات <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> التأين</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- يحدث فى الالكتروليتات الضعيفة وفيه يتأين بعض الجزئيات ولا يتأين البعض
الأخر <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التأين غير التام</span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- تفاعل الحمض مع القاعدة لتكوين الملح والماء <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">التعادل</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- محلول فيه المادة المذابة فى حالة اتزان ديناميكي مع المادة غير المذابة <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">المحلول المشبع</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جرب تطبيق بنوك اسئلة الثانوية العامة من جوجل بلاي <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></a></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">56 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">علل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: رفع درجة الحرارة يزيد معدل التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : لأنه يزيد من طاقة حركة الجزئيات وبالتالي زيادة نسبة
الجزئيات المنشطة وزيادة معدل التصادم فيزداد معدل التفاعل.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">57 علل: تفاعل محلول نيترات الفضة مع كلوريد الصوديوم تام</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجاية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن التفاعل يتكون فيه راسب كلوريد الفضة الذي يخرج من وسط التفاعل.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">58 علل : تفاعل </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حمض الهيدروكلوريك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> المخفف مع مسحوق الخارصين اسرع من تفاعله مع قطعة واحدة لها نفس كتلة
المسحوق</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لأنه كلما زادت مساحة السطح المعرض للتفاعل ازدادت سرعة التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">59 علل : </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تفاعلات الركبات الأيونية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> اسرع من تفاعلات المركبات التساهمية. <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span> لأن المركبات الأيونية يكون التفاعل بينها الأيونات
مباشرة ولذلك يكون سريع أما المركبات التساهمية فتحتاج لكسر الروابط أولاً.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">60 علل </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: تفاعل حمض الأستيك مع الايثانول
تفاعل انعكاسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ç</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لوجود كل من المتفاعلات والنواتج فى حيز التفاعل.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">61</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
علل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : تزداد سرعة التفاعل الكيمائي بزيادة
تركيز المتفاعلات.،؟</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">بسبب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> زيادة عدد الجزئيات المتفاعلة فتزداد فرص التصادم بين الجزئيات فى وحدة
الزمن فيزداد معدل التفاعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">62 </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍁" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل: لا يؤثر </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">العامل الحفاز</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> على وضع </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاتزان <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> لأنه</span>
يعمل على خفض طاقة التنشيط لذلك فهو يسرع التفاعل العكسي والطردي معاً</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">63 علل: يفضل تجزئة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">العامل الحفاز</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> عند الاستخدام </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">ç</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
لأنه اذا ازدادت مساحة سطح الحافز زاد معدل التفاعلات الكيمائية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">64 علل : يزداد معدل تكوين غاز النشادر عند خفض درجة الحرارة ورفع الضغط <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> لأن</span> التفاعل <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">طارد للحرارة ومصحوب بنقص حجم
الغاز</span> فإنه بحسب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">( قاعدة لوشاتيلييه) فإن 1/خفض درجة الحرارة 2/ ورفع الضغط )يجعل التفاعل
ينشط فى الإتجاة الطردي) وهو تكوين غاز النشادر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">65 علل : محلول كلوريد الصوديوم(</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) حمضي التأثير على عباد الشمس.
<span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">فعند</span> ذوبان </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">FeCl3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> فى الماء يتكون </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe(OH)3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> قلوي ضعيف على هيئة راسب بني
محمر يؤدي لاختلال الاتزان لذلك يتأين الماء ويعطي +</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> لتعويض نقص الهيدروكسيل حسب
قاعدة لوشاتيلية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">66 علل : توصيل محلول حمض الخليك للتيار الكهربائي يكون ردئ فى حين ان
توصيل حمض الهيدروكلوريك يكون جيداً. { <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">لأن </span>} حمض الخليك يكون غير تام التأين بينما حمض
الهيدروكلوريك تام التأين في المحلول المائي.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">67 .علل : تفاعل </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">كلوريد الصوديوم مع محلول نتيرات الفضة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> تفاعل لحظي وسريع بينما عند تكوين الصابون يكون التفاعل بطئ. <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">لأن</span> التفاعل يتم بين
الأيونات مباشرة فى حالة محلول نيترات الفضة مع محلول كلوريد الصوديوم <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">بينما عند تكوين الصابون يكون
التفاعل بطئ</span> <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> لأن</span>:
التفاعل يتم بين جزئيات مركبات تساهميه غير متأينه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">68 علل : لا يوجد أيون الهيدروجين منفرداً في محاليل الأحماض المائية. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأنه </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يرتبط مع جزئ الماء برابطة تناسقية نتيجة انجذابه إلى زوج الكترونات
حر الموجود على ذرة أكسجين جزئ الماء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">69 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حسب قيمة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">pOH</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
لمحلول 2.1 مولارى من حمض الكربونيك </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H2CO3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> علماً بأن ثاب الاتزان </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ka = 4.4 x 10^-7</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الرابط</span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></a></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">70 / احسب تركيز الأيون التالي : احسب تركيز أيون +</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H3O</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> في محلول مائي حجمه 500
مل يحتوي على 0.48 مول من حمض </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">HCL</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">راجع الرابط</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: </span></b><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">71 .قارن بين 1/ الاتزان
الكيميائي 2/
والاتزان الأيوني</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: yellow; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاتزان
الكيميائي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الاتزان الايوني</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">نظام
ديناميكي يحدث عندما يساوي معدل التفاعل</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الطردي
مع معدل التفاعل العكسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وتثبت
تركيزات كل من المتفاعلات والنواتج</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ويظل
الاتزان قائما ما دامت النواتج والمتفاعلات في حيز</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">التفاعل وظروف التفاعل ثابتة مثل
الضغط ودرجة الحرارة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ينشأ هذا الاتزان في محاليل الالكتروتات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الضعيفة بين
جزئياتها والأيونات الناتجة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ويثبت</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">فيه تركيز الايونات والجزئيات</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الرابط: </span></b><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">72 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">أذكر
المفهوم العلمي لكل مما يلي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1/ نوع من التفاعلات الكيميائية التى تنتقل فيها الإلكترونات من أحد المواد
المتفاعلة إلى الأخرى الداخلة معها فى التفاعل. الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">تفاعلات الأكسدة والاختزال</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2/ عملية فقد الذرة أو الأيون السالب إلكترونات وزيادة الشحنة الموجبة. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">عملية الأكسدة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3/ عملية إكتساب الذرة أو الأيون الموجب إلكترونات ونقص الشحنة الموجبة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">عملية الاختزال</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4/ خلايا يتم فيها تحويل الطاقة الكيمائية إلى طاقة كهربية من خلال تفاعل
أكسدة واختزال تلقائى. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الخلايا الجلفانية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5/ القطب الذى تحدث عنده عملية الاختزال فى الخلايا الكهروكيميائية <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">الكاثود (المهبط)</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5/ القطب الذى تحدث عنده عملية الاكسدة فى الخلايا الكهروكيميائية </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">النود (المصعد)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">6/ أنظمة تختزن الطاقة فى صورة طاقة كيميائية والتى يمكان تحويلها عند
اللزوم إلى طاقة كهربية من خلال تفاعل أكسدة واختزال تلقائى غير انعكاسى. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الخلايا الأولية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">7/ خلايا جلفانية تتميز بأن تفاعلاتها الكيميائية انها انعكاسية (يمكن
إعادة شحنها) وتختزن الطاقة الكهربية على هيئة طاقة كيميائية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الخلايا الثانوية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">8/ يعمل على إعادة لحن بطارية السيارة أولا بأول.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> الدينامو</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">9/ غمس الحديد فى الخارصين المنصهر لحمايته من التآكل. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الجلفنه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">10/ مادة تستخدم كمذيب للبوكسيت عند استخلاص فلز الألومنيوم فى
الصناعة. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الكريوليت</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">11/ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">كمية الكهربية الناتجة من مرور تيار
شدته واحد امبير لمدة ثانية واحدة ( حاصل ضرب شدة التيار بالأمبير </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">x</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> الزمن بالثانية).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> الكولوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">12./ تتناسب كمية المادة المتكونة أو المستهلكة عند أى قطب سواء كانت غازية
أو صلبة تناسبا طردياً مع كمية الكهربية التى تمر فى المحلول الإلكتروليتى. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">القانون الأول لفارادى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">13/ كتلة المواد المختلفة المتكونة أو المستهلكة بمرور نفس كمياة الكهرباء
تتناسب مع كتلتها المكافئة. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">القانون الثاني لفارادى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">14/ كتلة المادة التي لها القدرة على فقد او اكتساب ول واحد من الالكترونات
أثناء التفاعل الكيمائي. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الكتلة
الجرامية المكافئة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">15/ كمية الكهربية اللازمه لذوبان أو تصاعد او ترسيب كتلة مكافئة جرامية من
المداة عند احد الأقطاب بالتحليل الكهربي يساوي 96500 كولوم. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الفارادى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">16/ كمية الكهرباء الذي اذا تم تمريرها لمدة ثانية واحدة في محلول أيونات
فضة يتم ترسيب 1.118 مجم من الفضة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الأمبير</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">72 <span style="background: aqua;">جرب تطبيق بنوك اسئلة الثانوية العامة من
جوجل بلاي <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></a></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">................................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">73 علل: عند تنقية النحاس من شوائب الحديد والخارصين لا تترسب عند الكاثود.
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لصعوبة إختزال أيونات الحديد والخارصين بالنسبة لأيونات النحاس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">74 علل: النحاس موصل إلكترونى بينما كبريتات النحاس موصل إلكتروليتى.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">في النحاس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يحدث </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">إنتقال الإلكترونات <span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">خلاله</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بينما كبريتات النحاس </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">موصل إلكتروليتى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لإنتقال الأيونات الموجبة والسالبة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">خلاله</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> نحو الأقطاب المخالفة لها فى الشحنة .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">75 علل : استخدام مخلوط من أملاح فلوريدات كل من الألومنيوم والصوديوم
والكالسيوم بدلاً من الكريوليت عند استخلاص الألومنيووم من البوكسيت.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لأن هذا المخلوط مع البوكسيت يعطى مصهوراً يتميز بـ :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1.بانخفاض درجة إنصهاره</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2.وكذلك إنخفاض كثافته</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3.مما يسهل فصل الألومنيوم المنصهر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">67 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : عند وضع قطعة من الخارصين فى محلول كبريتات النحاس </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">II</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> الزرقاء</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🔚" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
يزول اللون الأزرق. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لحدوث تفاعل( أكسدة واختزال تلقائى)يحل فيه الخارصين محل النحاس فى
كبريتات النحاس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">77 علل : استخدام قنطرة ملحية فى خلية دانيال</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1/ تقوم بالتوصيل بين محلولى نصفى الخلية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2/ وتمنع الاتصال المباشر بين المحلولين ،</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3/ كما تقوى بمعادلة الشحنات الموجبة والسالبة،</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4/كما تعمل على تكوين فرق جهد بين محلولى نصفى الخلية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">78 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">علل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : الكاثود هو القطب الموجب فى الخلية الجلفانية </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ç</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لحدوث
اختزال للأيونات الموجبة عنده باكتسابها الإلكترونات من سطحه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">79 علل : العناصر التى تقع فى قمة متسلسلة الجهود عوامل مختزلة قوية...</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جهود أكسدتها الموجبة عالية لذلك تفقد إلكتروناتها بسهولة مما يجعلها عوامل
مختزلة قوية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">80 علل : عناصر مؤخرة السلسلة عوامل مؤكسدة قوية. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> لأنها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> ذات قدرة كبيرة على إكتساب الإلكترونات عندما تدخل فى التفاعل </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">وذلك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1/لصغر جهود تأكسدها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2/ وكبر جهود اختزالها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">81 علل : النحاس لا يحل محل الهيدروجين في الأحماض أو الماء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> جهد تأكسد النحاس أصغر من جهد تأكسد الهيدروجين أى أنه أقل نشاط من
الهيدروجين.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">83 علل : لا يحل النحاس محل الحديد فوى محاليل أملاحه.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">النحاس يلي الحديد فى السلسلة فهو يختزل بسهولة بينما الحديد
يسبق النحاس فى السلسلة فهو يتأكسد بسهوله .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">83 علل: خلية الزئبق شائعة الاستخدام فى:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1.سماعات الأذن 2. وآلات التصوير.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3. وأنها تتميز بصغر حجمها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">84 علل : يجب التخلص من خلية الزئبق بعد الاستخدام بطريقة آمنة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأنها </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تحتوى على الزئبق وهو مادة سامه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">85 علل : يبطن الوعاء المجوف بطبقة من الكربون المسامى فى خلية الوقود. <span style="background: aqua; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">لأنه</span>
يسمح بالاتصال بين الحجرة الداخلية والمحلول الإلكتروليتى الموجود بها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">86 علل : تعمل بطارية السيارة كخلية إلكتروليتية أثناء الشحن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأنه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يتم فيها إحداث تفاعل كيمائي غير تلقائي بواسطة مرور تيار كهربائي.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">87 علل: استخدام بطارية أيون الليثيوم الجافة فى بعض السيارات الحديثة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاجابة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: 1* لخفة وزنها 2* وقدرتها على تخزين كمية كبيرة من الطاقة بالنسبة لحجمها
بواسطة مرور تيار كهربى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">88 علل: يصدأ الحديد أسرع فى وجود ماء البحر </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">. لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> ماء البحر يحتوى على كميات كبيرة من الأيونات.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">89 علل: يصدأ الحديد المطلى بالقصدير عند الخدش أكثر وأسرع من الحديد الغير
مطلي . </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> القصدير هو الفلز الأقل نشاطاً والحديد هو الأكثر نشاطاً فيكون تآكله
أسرع.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">90 عل : توصل المواسير المدفونة فى باطن الأرض بالقطب المضحى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">. <span style="background: aqua;">لأنها</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> تكون أكثر عرضه للتآكل ولحمايتها يتم جعلها كاثود بتوصيله بالقطب السالب
لمصدركهربي ويتم توصيل القطب الموجب
بفلز أخر أكثر نشاطاً من الحديد مثل الماغنسيوم والذى يعمل كأنود
فيتآكل الماغنسيوم بدلاً من الحديد.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">91 علل: يوصل الجسم المراد طلاؤه بالتحليل الكهربى ( بالقطب السالب) لمصدر
تيار كهربى (مستمر.) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">حتى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يصبح كاثود (مهبط ) ويحدث ترسيب للفلز المراد الطلاء به (تحدث عنده عملية
اختزال.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">92 علل : ينقى النحاس الذى نقاوته 99 % بالتحليل الكهربى قبل استخدامه فى
صناعة الأسلاك الكهربية. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> شوائب الحديد والخارصين والذهب والفضة تقلل من قابلية النحاس
للتوصيل الكهربائى.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">93 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : يمكن الحصول على غاز الكلور بالتحليل الكهربي للمحاليل المائية التي
تحتوي على أيون الكلوريد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">.
لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> أيونات الكلور جهد تأكسدها عالي لذلك
يسهل أكسدتها عند الأنود مكونة غاز الكلور.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">94 علل : تأكل سيقان الجرافيت في خلية التحليل الكهربي لتحضير فلز
الألومونيوم </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> لأن
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> الأكسجين الناتج مع عملية
التحليل الكهربي يتفاعل معها مكونا غازات أول وثاني أكسيد الكربون.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">C+3/2O2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> ------>3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">CO + CO2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">95 علل : لا يمكن الحصول على فلز الصوديوم بالتحليل الكهربي لمحلول ملح
الطعام. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> جهد اختزال كاتيونات الصوديوم أقل من جهد اختزال ايونات هيدروجين الماء
فتختزل ويتصاعد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
ويتكون </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">NAOH</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">97 علل : الخلايا الثانوية خلايا انعكاسية </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> تفاعل الأكسدة والإختزال فيها انعكاسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🔚" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
وعند توصيلها بمصدر تيار كهربي خارجي تعود مكوناتها إلى حالتها الأصلية مما يسمح
باعادة استخدامها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">98 علل: لا يمكن شحن اعادة الخلايا الأولية ( الخلايا الجافة) ..</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لأن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> تفاعل الأكسدة والاختزال فيها ( تلقائي غير انعكاسي) فلا يمكن اعادة
مكوناتها إلى الحالة الأصلية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">99 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">احسب
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">جهد خلية النيكل - كادميوم القلوية اذا
كان التفاعل الحادث بها كالتالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Cd + 2Ni</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>+3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> --- 2</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ni</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>+</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2 +</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">cd</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>+2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Cd+2+2e---E0=CD-0.4V</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ni</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>+3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> +2</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">e---2Ni</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>+2</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علماً بأن </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">E0 = +0.9V</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الإجابـــة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> جهد اختزال الكادميوم = (-0.4 ) فولت أقل من جهد اختزال النيكل =<span style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm;">0.9 </span> فولت
اذا الكادميوم أنود ( اكسدة) والنيكل كاثود</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">( اختزال )</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ق.د.ك للخلية = جهد اختزال الكاثود - جهد اختزال الأنود = 0.9 - (-0.4) =
1.3 فولت ( تفاعل الأكسدة والاختزال تلقائي).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">100 احسب كمية التيار مقدرة بالكولوم اللازمه لفصل 5.6 جم من الحديد
من محلول كلوريد الحديد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
ملحوظة تفاعل الكاثود للتفاعل هو </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe+3 + 3e</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>- ------> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Fe0 ( Fe= 55.86</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الإجابــة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: lime; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> الصوة في الرابط :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">101 احسب كتلة الكالسيوم المترسبة عند الكاثود نتيجة مرور كمية من الكهرباء
مقدارها 9650 كولوم في مصهور كلوريد الكالسيوم (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Ca = 40</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> راحع الصورة من الرابط :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">102 احسب عدد الفاراداى اللازم لترسيب ذرة جرامية من الألمونيوم عند
التحليل الكهربي لمصهور( </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Al2O3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">Al =27</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الحل:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وحدات
الفارادي اللازمة لترسيب ذرة جرامية من المادة = </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">F</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
* تكافؤها = </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">F *3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
= 3</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">F</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
راجع الرابط</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/" title="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: blue; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sag.secondary</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">103 قارن بين الخلايا الأولية والخلايا
الثانوية. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⏬" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا الأولية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="background: #FBD4B4; border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا الاولية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا الثانوية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">خلايا جلفانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">* </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتحول فيها الطاقة الكيميائية الي
طاقة كهربية من خلال تفاعل</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أكسدة –اختزال غير عكسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: -18.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 18.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">·
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لا يمكن إعادة شحنها</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 18.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">· - </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل خلية الوقود</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">خلايا جلفانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتجول فيها الطاقة الكيميائية الي
طاقة كهربية من خلال تفاعل</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أكسدة- اختزال انعكاسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يمكن إعادة شحنها</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل بطاية الرصاص الحامضية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">104 قارن بين: الغطاء الكاثودي والغطاء
الأنودي .... الغطاء الكاثودي :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الغطاء الكاثودي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الغطاء الأنودي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تغطية</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المادة المراد حمايتها بفلز آخر أقل منه نشاطا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">عند دوث خدش فيه يحدث الصدأ بشكل أسرع</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل طلاء الحديد بالقصدير</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تغطية المادة المراد حمايته بفلز اخر أكثر منه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">نشاطا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لا يبدأ الفلز المراد حمايته من التآكل
إلا بعد</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تآكل الغطاء الأنودي بالكامل</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل طلاء الحديد بالخارصين</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">105/قارن بين</span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #FBD4B4; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الجلفانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FBD4B4; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا الالكترونية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتحول
فيها</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الطاقة الكيميائية</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي
طاقة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">كهربية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تفاعلات
الاختزال والاكسدة تتم فيها</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">بشكل تلقائي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانود
هو القطب السالب وتحدث عنده عملة الاكسدة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكاثود
هو</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">القطب الموجب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وتحدث</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">عنده عملية</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الاختزال</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قيمة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> E cell </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تكون</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">بإشارة موجبة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل
خلية دانيال</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتحول فيها</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الطاقة الكهربية</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">طاقة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">كيميائية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تفاعلات الاختزال والاكسدة تتم فيها</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">بشكل غير تلقائي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانود هو</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">القطب الموجب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وتحدث</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">عنده</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">عملة الاكسدة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكاثود هو</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">القطب السالب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وتحدث</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">عنده</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">عملية الاختزال</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قيمة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
E cell </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تكون</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">بإشارة سالبة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مثل خلية استخلاص الألمونيوم من البوكسيت</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">106</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
اكتب المصطلح العلمي لكل ممل يلي:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1- مركبات عضوية تتكون من عنصري الكربون والهيدروجين فقط </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الهيدروكربونات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2. تتكون المادة العضوية داخل الكائنات الحية بفعل قوي حيوية ولا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3.يمكن تحضيرها في المختبرات </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> نظرية القوى الحيوية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4.مجموعة ذرية لا توجد منفردة وتشتق من الألكان المقابل بعد نزع ذرة
هيدروجين من جزئ الألكان ويرمز لها بالرمز(</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">R</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">مجموعة الألكيل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5.مجموعة من المركبات يجمعها قانون جزئيى عام وتشترك في خواصها الكيمائية
وتتدرج في خواصها الفيزيائية مثل درحة الغليان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">السلسلة المتجانسة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">6.خليط من غازي الهيدروجين وأول أكسيد الكربون ويستخدم كعامل مختزل او وقود
قابل للاشتعال. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الغاز
المائي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">7.مركب من الألكانات الهالوجينية يستخدم كمخدر بأمان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> الهالوثان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">8. عمليات تجرى لتحويل النواتج البترولية الطويلة السلسلة والثقيلة ( الأقل
استخداماً ) إلى جزئيات أصغر وأخف (الأكثر استخداماً) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">التكسير الحراري الحفزي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">9. عملية اضافة الماء إلى الألكاينات في وجود عامل حفاز </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> الهيدرة الحفزية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">10.مركبات ثنائية الهيدروكسيل تنتج من أكسدة الألكينات بالعوامل المؤكسدة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الجلايكولات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">11.تجمع عدد كبير من جزئيات مركبات بسيطة يتراوح عددها من المائة حتى
المليون لتكوين جزئ كبير عملاق </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> البلمرة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">
.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">12.كحول غير مشبع ينتج كمركب وسطي عند الهيدره الحفزية للإثاين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">كحول الفنيل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">13.الشق الناتج من نزع ذرة هيدروجين من جزئ المركب الأروماتي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">مجموعة الأريل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">14.مركب ثنائي كلورو ثنائي فينيل ثلاثي كلورو ايثان--- </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">DDT</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="〰" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="🌹" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>15.مركبات
هيدروكسيلية أروماتيه تتصل فيها مجموعة الهيدروكسيل أو أكثر اتصالا مباشر بحلقة
البنزين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الفنيولات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">16.عملية اضافة الخميرة إلى المولاس المتخلف من صناعة السكر </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">التخمر الكحولي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">17.مركبات عضوية تنتج عند اكسدة الكحولات الثانوية وتحتوي على مجموعة
كربونيل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
الكيتونات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">18.مواد ألدهيدية او كيتونية عديدة الهيدروكسيل ( الجلوكوز- الفركتوز) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الكربوهيدرات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">19.تفاعل الكحولات مع الأحماض الكربوكسيلية في وجود مادة نازعة للماء مثل
حمص الكبريتيك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
الأسترة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">20.مركبات عضوية تتميز باحتوائها على مجموعة كربوكسيل أو أكثر </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">أحماض عضوية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">21.أحماض أليفاتية مشبعة أحادية الكربوكسيل توجد في الدهون على هيئة استرات
مع الجليسرول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
الأحماض الأمينية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">22.مركبات تحتوي على مجموعة كربوكسيل أو أكثر متصله بحلقة بنزين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الأحماض الأروماتية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">23.تفاعل الأحماض الكربوكسيلية مع كربونات أو بيكربونات الصوديوم </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">كشف الحموضة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">24. بوليمرات طبيعية تنتج من تكاثف الأحماض الألفا أمينية مع بعضها </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">البروتينات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">25.عدد مجموعات البروكسيل الموجود في جزئ الحمض العضوي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">قاعدية الحمض </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">26.إستر ينتج من تفاعل حمض السلسليك مع حمض الأستيك </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الإسبرين</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">27..تفاعل الأستر مع الأمونيا لتكوين أميد الحمض العضوي والكحول </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">التحلل النشادري</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">107/ اكتب الأهمية الاقتصادية للمواد الأتية:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">-
خليط البروبان والبيوتان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: تسال وتعبأ في اسطوانات تستخدم كوقود</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
الهالوثان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-- مخدر آمن أكثر من الكلوروفورم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الفريونات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> أجهزة التكييف والثلاجات ومنظفات للأجهزة الالكترونية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الغاز
المائي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> مادة مختزلة - وقود قابل
للاشتعال</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">6- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الإيثلين
جليكول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> : مادة مانعة لتجمد المياه في
مبردات السيارات</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">7- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">التفلون</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> تبطين أواني الطهي ( التيفال ) +خيوط جراحية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">8- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">حمض
الستريك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> يمنع نمو البكتريا على الأغذية +
ويضاف إلى الفاكهة المجمدة ليحافظ على لونها وطعمها</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">9- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">البكاليت</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> في الأدوات الكهربية + وطفايات السجائر( لأنه عازل ومقاوم للحرارة)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">10- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">حمض
السلسليك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> صناعة مستحضرات التجميل الخاصة
بالجلد + تحضير الأسبرين</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">11- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">حمض
الفورميك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> صناعة الصبغات + المبيدات الحشرية +
العطور + العقاقير</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">12- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الجليسرول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> مادة مرطبة للجلد - صناعة النسيج - تحضير النيتروجليسرين 13- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">النيتروجليسرين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> مفرقعات - توسيع الشرايين في علاج الأزمات القلبية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">14- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">حمض
البكريك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> مادة متفجرة - مادة مطهرة لعلاج
الحروق .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">15- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">استر
ثلاثي الجلسريد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> صناعة الصابون والجلسرين</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">16؛ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">زيت
المروخ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> دهان موضغي لتخفيف الألأم
الروماتيزمية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">17- ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">لجامكسان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> مبيد حشري</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">18- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الكحول
المحول ( السبرتو الأحمر)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> وقود - الصناعات الكيميائية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">19-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">
الداكرون</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> استبدال الشرايين التالفة -
صمامات القلب الصناعي - الأقمشة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">108 كيف تمييز بين كل من: (ايثانول - فينول - حمض استيك)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1- باضافة محلول كلوريد الصوديوم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">III</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> الذي يعطي لون بنفسجي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2- أو ماء البروم فيتكون راسب ابيض يكون هو الفينول.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3- ثم اضافة كربونات الصوديوم الذي يحدث معه فوران ويتصاعد غاز ثاني اكسيد
الكربون يكون حمض الستيك ويكون الأخر ايثانول.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">109 كيف تميز بين كل من:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1/ غاز الايثين 2/ وغاز الايثان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بإضافة برمنجانات البوتاسيوم ( في وسط قلوي ) أو ماء البروم لكل
منهما</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">فإذا زال لون البرمنجانات وزال لون البروم يكون غاز الإيثين</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">واذا لم يزول اللون يكون غاز إيثان.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">110 كيف تميز بين كل من </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">الايثانول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">والايثانويك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">باضافة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">كربونات الصوديوم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> لكل منهما :</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; color: red; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;">فمع الايثانول</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">--- با يحدث تفاعل بينما مع حمض الايثانويك</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يحدث فوران ويتصاعد غاز </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CO2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> 0</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: lime; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: lime; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">111 كيف تميز بين كل من </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: lime; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكحول الأولي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: lime; color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">والكحول الثالثي باضافة برمنجانات البوتاسيوم المحمضة
بحمض الكبريتيك المركز لكل منهما فإذا زال لون البرمنجانات يكون كحول أولي وفي
حالة عدم زوال اللون يكون كحول ثالثي.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">112 علل: تعرف المركبات العضوية على أساس بنيتها التركيبية وليس مصدرها. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="🈴" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن معظم المركبات العضوية التى حضرت في المختبرات لا تتكون اطلاقاً داخل
الكائنات الحية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">113 علل : كثرة وانتشار المركبات العضوية </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لقدرة ذرات الكربون على الارتباط </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="☝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ببعضها </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="☝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وبذرات أخري بروابط احادية وثنائية وثلاثية وسلاسل مستمرة ومتفرعة وحلقية(
متجانسة وغير متجانسة.) ............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">114 علل: لا تكفي الصيغة الجزئية لتعبر عن المركب العضوي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الصيغة الجزئية توضح عدد الذرات ونوعها فقط ولا توضح ترتيب الذرات ونوع
روابطها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">115 علل : غاز الميثان يسمي بغاز المستنقعات </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن غاز الميثان ينتج من:: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="☝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">التحلل اللاهوائي للفضلات الحيوية بواسطة البكتريا اللاهوائية ويحدث ذلك في
المستنقعات.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">116 علل : تعرض مناجم الفحم للانفجار </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بسبب وجود غاز الميثان بها .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">117 علل: يستخدم الجير الحى مع هيدروكسيد الصوديوم عند تحضير الميثان </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الجير الحي يعمل على خفض درجة الانصهار.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">118 علل : من الأفضل استخدام البروبان فى المناطق الباردة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه أكثر تطاير ( أقل في درجة الغليان).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">١٢:٤٣ ص</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">119 علل: تغطي الفلزات بالألكانات الثقيلة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الألكانات مواد غير قطبية لا تذوب في الماء فتحمي الفلزات من الصدأ (
التأكل ).</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">120 علل : الألكانات خاملة نسبياً فى تفاعلاتها الكيميائية </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن ذرات الكربون فيها ترتبط بروابط من نوع سيجما القوية التى يصعب كسرها
إلا تحت ظروف خاصة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي هنا ( علل الالكاناتخاملة نسبيا فيةتفاعلاتها الكيميائة ) اطلع بعدة (
علل يستخدم الكلورو فورم كمخدر ) .</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">121 علل : لا يستخدم الكلوروفورم حالياً كمخدر </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الجرعات الغير مقدرة تقديراً دقيق قد تسبب الوفاة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">122 علل: استخدام الفريونات على نطاق واسع </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنها:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">1- رخيصة الثمن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2- ولا تشتعل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3- وغير سامة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4- ولا تسبب تأكل المعادن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5-وسهولة اسالتها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">123 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">سيحرم استخدام الفريونات بداية من سنه 2020 </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنها تتسبب في تأكل طبقة الأوزون التى تقي الأرض من أخطار الأشعة فوق
البنفسجية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">124 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الألكانات أو الألكينات أو الألكاينات سلاسل متجانسة. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>1-
لأن كل منها له قانون عام واحد 2- وتتشابه في الخواص الكيمائية 3- وتتدرج في
الخواص الفيزيائية 4- وبين المركب والذي يليه </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CH2</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">125 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الألكينات انشط كيميائياً من الألكانات </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>1-
لأن الألكانات مركبات مشبعة بروابط احادية من النوع سيجما القوية صعبة الكسر 2-
بينما الألكينات تحتوي على رابطة سيجما وأخري باي سهلة الكسر.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">126 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الهيدرة الحفزيه للايثين تتم في وسط حمضي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>1/
لأن: / الماء الكتروليت ضعيف / فإن تركيز أيون الهيدروجين الموجب يكون ضعيفاً لا
يستطيع كسر الرابطة المزدوجة / لذا لا يتم التفاعل إلا في وسط حمضي لتوفير أيون
الهيدروجين الموجب.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">127 علل: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الإيثيلين جليكول: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌹" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مادة مانعة لتجمد مياه مبردات السيارات في المناطق الباردة. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يكون روابد هيدروجينية مع جزئيات الماء فيمنع تجمع جزئيات الماء مع بعضها
على هيئة بلورات ثلج.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">128 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يستخدم التفلون في تبطين أوانى الطهي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه يتحمل الحرارة ولا يلتصق.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">129 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الألكينات تتفاعل بالإضافة علي مرحلة واحدة بينما الألكاينات تتفاعل
بالإضافة علي مرحلتين. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="☝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الألكينات تحتوي على رابطة واحدة باي بينما الألكينات تحتوي على
رابطتين باي.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">............................</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">130 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يمرر غاز الايثاين علي محلول كبريتات النحاس في حمض كبريتيك خففف بعد
تحضيره.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لإزالة غاز الفوسفين </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">PH3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
وغاز كبرتييد الهيدروجين </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">H2S</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
الناتجين من الشوائب الموجوده فى كربيد الكالسيوم.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">131 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يستخدم لهب الأكسي استلين في لحام وقطع المعادن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1/ لأنه تفاعل طارد للحرارة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2/ وتبلغ الحرارة المنطلقة من حوالي 3000 درجة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3/ فيستخدم في لحام وقطع المعادن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">------------------------------------------------</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">132 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لا يستخدم محلول البروم في رابع كلوريد الكربون للتمييز بين الإيثين
والايثاين. </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن كل من الايثاين والايثين مركبات غير مشبعة ويزول لون البروم مع كل
منهما.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-------------------------------------</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">133 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">البنتان الحلقي والهكسان الحلقي مستقران وثابتان </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="32" /><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الزوايا بين الروابط تقترب من 109 درجة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ويالتالي يكون الارتباط بين الأوربيتالات قوياً وتتكون روابط سيجما صعبة
الكسر.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-----------------------------</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">134 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يشتعل البنزين مصحوباً بدخان أسود </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه يحتوي على كمية كبيرة من الكربون.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">----------------------------</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">135 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يتفاعل البنزين العطرى بنوعين من التفاعلات الكيميائية </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لاحتوائة على روابط 1- أحادية 2- وروابط ثنائية.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">---------------------</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">136 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">هلجنه الطولوين ينتج عنه: 1- مركبين 2- بينما هلجنه النتروبنزين ينتج عنها
مركب واحد</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن مجموعة الألكيل في الطولوين توجهه إلى موقعين</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">: 1- بارا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">2- وارثو </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بينما مجموعة النيترو توجهه إلى موقع واحد وهو( ميتا)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">137 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يستخدم (د.د.ت) كمبيد حشري </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن الجزء (</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">CH-CCl3</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
يذوب في النسيج الدهني للحشرة فيقتلها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">……………………….</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">138 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يعتبر (د.د.ت) مادة سامة فتاكة ومن أقبح مستحضرات الكيمياء </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه مركب ثابت 1- مما يضمن استمرار فعاليته لمدة طويلة 2- وبقائة فى البيئة
دون تحلل يؤدي لقتل النحل 3- وتسربه لمياه الأنهار يقتل الأسماك والكائنات البحرية
4- ويتسرب للسلسلة الغذائية فيمكن ان يصل للانسان</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">………………….</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">139 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الألكانات مركبات مشبعة بينما الألكينات مركبات غير مشبعة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأن: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الألكانات ترتبط بروابط أحادية </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🌸" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">بينام الألكينات تحتوي على رابطة( باي ) سهلة الكسر.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">…………………….</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">140 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتميز المركبات العضوية بعدم قدرتها علي توصيل الكهرباء </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنها مركبات تساهمية لا تتأين بالماء.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">…………………..</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المنظفات الصناعية تزيل البقع والقاذورات </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه عندما يذوب المنظف في الماء فإن جزئياته ترتب نفسها بحيث ان الذيل
الكاره للماء من كل جزئ يتجه ناحية القاذورات بالنسيج ويلتصق بها أما الرأس الشره
للماء يتجه ناحية الماء</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🔝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>
ويلتف الجزئ حول القاذورات ويحيط بها ، </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🔝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وعند الاحتكاك الميكانيكي تبدأ عملية التنظيف حيث ان الشحنات المتشابهة
تتنافر.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">………</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">142 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">درجة غليان الكحولات أعلي من درجة غليان الألكانات المقابلة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لوجود مجموعة الهيدروكسيد بالكحولات التى تعمل على تكوين روابط هيدروجينية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">……………..</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">143 علل: </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكحول الايثيلي رغم انه مركب تساهمي إلا أنه يذوب في الماء </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لوجود ( مجموعة الهيدروكسيل) التى تكون روابط هيدروجينية في الماء فيسبب
ذوبانها.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">……………….</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">144 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🔝" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تفرض ضريبة إنتاج عالية على الإيثانول النقي ( تصنع منه الخمور ) الذى
تركيزه 96% </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">للحد من تناوله فى المشروبات الكحولية لما لها من أضرار صحية جسيمة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">…..</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">145 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تحويل الإيثانول إلى الكحول الأحمر )السبرتو الأحمر </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="⬇" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">لأنه يستخدم كوقود وكمذيب عضوي وفي كثير من الصناعات الكيماوية بتكلفة
اقتصادية بسيطة.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">146 علل : </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><img alt="🍞" border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="32" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #274e13; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الكحولات تظهر لها خاصية حامضية ضعيفة يظهر ذلك من تفاعلها مع الفلزات
القوية مثل الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم ويرجع ذلك إلى أن زوج الالكترون الذي يربط بين
الهيدروجيين والأكسجين يميل إلى الأكسجين الأكثرسالبية كهربية وبذلك يسهل كسر هذه
الرابطة ويحل الفلز محل هيدروجين مجموعة الهيدروكسيل.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قارن</span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الثانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة
الانتقالية الثالثة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">4 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5d</span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخامسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في
الدورة السادسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">اليوتريوم حتي الكادميوم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل
العناصر من اللثانوم حتي الزئبق</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قارن</span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #002060; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الأولي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السلسلة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانتقالية الثالثة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">3 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">5 d</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الرابعة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تقع في الدورة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">السادسة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #002060; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من الإسكانديوم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ( SC) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حتي الخارصين</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>( Zn)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تشمل العناصر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">من اللنثانويوم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(La) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">حتي الزئبق</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(Hg)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قارن</span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: yellow; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المقارنة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المواد
البارا مغناطيسية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المواد الديا مغناطيسية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #632423; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">اتعريف</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مواد تنجذبمع</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المجال المغناطيسي الخارجي ويرجع ذلك الي وجود الالكترونات المفردة في</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #632423; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مواد تتنافر</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">مع المجال المغناطيسي الخارجي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">ويرجع ذلك</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي إزدواج
الالكترونات المفردة في اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
(3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.0pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">العزم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المغناطيسي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يساوي عدد</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الالكترونات المفردة في اوربيتالات</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
(3d)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 178.05pt;" valign="top" width="237">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">يساوي صفر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">قارن</span></b></span></p>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #002060; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">طريقة التطاير</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">طريقة الترسيب</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: black; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تبني هذه الطريقة علي اساس:تطاير العنصر أو المركب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">المراد تقديرهوتجري عملية التقدير بجمع المادة المتطايرة وتعين كتلتها</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أو بتعيين مقدار النقص في كتيلة المادة الاصلية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تعتمد هذه الطريقة علي ترسيب العنصر المراد تقديره</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">أو المكون المراد تقديره علي عينة مركب نقي غير قابل</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">للذوبان</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">وذو تركيب كيميائي ثابت ومعروف</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا
الجلفانية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الخلايا
الالكترونية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356">
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تتحول
فيها الطاقة الكيميائية</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الي
طاقة كهربية</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">تفعلات
الاكسدة والاختزال تتم فيها بشكل تلقائي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;">الانود
ه القطب السالب وتحدث عنده عملية الاكسدة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></b></span></p>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 267.05pt;" valign="top" width="356"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: ridge #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border-bottom: 6.0pt ridge #984806; border: none; direction: rtl; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-alt: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 200%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #984806 6.0pt; mso-border-between-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-between-themeshade: 128; mso-border-between: 6.0pt three-d-emboss #984806; mso-border-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-top: 1.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Xanh Mono;"><b><span style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b></span></p>
</div>
<p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-10223193611608330512018-05-19T22:43:00.001-07:002018-09-04T06:08:08.458-07:00حق السكني والنفقة لم يتقرر إلا في تشريع سورة الطلاق<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من حيث سكنتم / حق السكني
والنفقة لم يتقرر إلا في تشريع سورة الطلاق </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حيث سكنتم</span></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span> اضغط </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://wwwdady77-8.blogspot.com.eg/2016/10/blog-post_31.html"><span lang="AR-SA">من حيث سكنتم حق السكني والنفقة لم يتقرر إلا في تشريع سورة
الطلاق7/6هـ</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>/<a href="http://wwwdady77-8.blogspot.com.eg/2016/10/blog-post_94.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِك</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حق السكني والنفقة لم يتقرر إلا في تشريع سورة الطلاق</span><br />
</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>۱</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لم يكن حكم السكني للمرأة المطلقة موجوداً إبان مرحلة تشريع
أحكام الطلاق بسورة البقرة1و2هـ واندرج تحت هذا عدة أحداث منها حدث تطليق فاطمة
بنت قيس وطلاق النبي للمرأة الجونية وغيرها مما تم قبــــــــل نزول سورة الطلاق </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>7/6<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هـ </span><br />
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span>٢</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جاء حكم فرض
السكني علي الأزواج الشارعين في تطليق نسائهم من أمرين</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">⏪</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأول
هو : هو التبديل العام لأحكام الطلاق من سورة البقرة السابق تنزيلها وتشريعها في
العامين الأولين للهجرة1و2هـ بنص قوله تعالي(اضغط الرابط</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://alnukhbhtattalak.blogspot.com.eg/2018/04/blog-post_91.html"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "ms gothic"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span dir="LTR"></span>✫</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">)...<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إلي سورة الطلاق المنزلة في العام السادس أو السابع الهجري
7/6هـ والتي تم فيها تبديل قاعدة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
:<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أ)التطليق ... من طلاق ثم عدة استبراء ثم تسريح </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "cambria math" , "serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">⇚</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلي
عكس موضعي الطلاق بالعدة والعدة بالطلاق لتكون</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> :</span><span style="font-family: "cambria math" , "serif"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">⇚⇚⇚⇚⇚⇚⇚↴</span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ب) عدة إحصاء ثم الإمساك أو التطليق ثم الإشهاد ثم الحل
للخطاب وذلك بنص قوله تعالي </span><br />
(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ
فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ
يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ
اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ
ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا ( 1 ) }واللاحق تنزيلها بسورة الطلاق في العام السادس أو السابع
الهجري7/6هـ </span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">⏪</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثاني
من قوله تعالي [( ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ
اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا (5)
أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ
لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ
حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا
بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى ( 6</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ) ] <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الثالث هو أ) حتمية العلم بأن الله تعالي لا يأمر الزوجين
بخلوة محرمة وبما أنه سبحانه قضي وحكم بأن يختلي الزوجان في عدة الإحصاء في بيتهما
بنص قوله تعالي(يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ
فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ
رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ
يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ
حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ
بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا (1)سورة الطلاق) فقد نَبَّهَ الغافلين من الناس أن أ)الزوجين
في عدة الإحصاء زوجان ما زالت رابطة الزوجية قائمة بينهما ب)تشريع الطلاق في
السورة التي أنزلها المسماة بسورة الطلاق7/6هـ مختلف تماما عن تشريعات الطلاق
السابقة عليه ج) وأن الهيمنة هي لتشريع الطلاق في سورة الطلاق د)وأنه تعالي عكس
موضعي الطلاق بالعدة والعدة بالطلاق هـ)فلذلك تأخر التطليق وتقدمت عدة الإحصاء
وصارت المرأة في العدة زوجة لذلك ترتب عليه كافة ما للزوجة من حقوق الزوجية وهي حق
الخلوة وحق السكني وحق النفقة وما يترتب علي تلك الحقوق من خلوة وتداعياته وسكني
وتعالياته ونفقة وتفاعلاتها وكرامة للزوجة بإعلاء شأنها حتي اجترار الزوج إلي
تكسير عزيمة الطلاق عنده بخلوته بها وفي جنبيه غريزة إليها لن تصمد طول العدة إلا بعزيمة
حقيقية وقوية للتطليق فهو يختلي بزوجته ساعة بعد ساعة ونهارا بعد نهار وليلا بعد
ليل ويوما بعد يوم واسبوعا بعد أسبوعٍ وشهرا بعد شهرٍ(أو قرءا بعد قرءٍ)إلي ثلاثة
قروء أو أشهرٍ في ذوات الأقراء أو المعدومين من الدم أو إلي ما بقي من طول مدة
الحمل قل ذلك أو كثر إلي تسعة أشهر حتي تضع زوجته حملها وهو يصارع في كل التجاهات
نفسه علَّه يتراجع عن قراره وتخور عزيمته علي الطلاق فيقدم فلذات أكباده وزوجته
التي يزداد شوقه إليها من طول صبره علي كتم غريزته رغم إلحاحها(أي غريزته)عليه
ويري علي الطبيعة والحقيقة موازنته الحقيقية بين ذلك كله وبين بعاده عن بيته
وأولاده وزوجته إذا هو مضي في صلفه واختار الفراق لعله يتراجع فلا يُطلِّق ألم
تسمع قوله تعالي(وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ
فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا)
وقد أعطاه الباري جل وعلا فرصة لهذه المقدمات حتي في آخر ثانية من آخر ساعة من آخر
يوم قبل مضائه لطلاق زوجته (فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ
وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ
بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا (
2 )) أعطاه حق التخاذل المحمود عن تطليق امرأته بقوله جل شأنه (فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">والإمساك هو عدم التطليق والرجوع بزوجته وأولاده إلي الوضع الأول قبل اشتعال
فكرة الطلاق في نفسه وعقله ألم تسمع قوله تعالي في الآية رقم1 (لَا تَدْرِي
لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا)فإذا ركب دماغه واستمر في عزمه
علي الطلاق فقد أعذر الله إليه فيما يجنيه علي نفسه وأولاده وزوجته إن رآها بين
طيات زوج غيره وأولاده إن ضاعوا وتشتتوا عنه وهو نفسه إن ألهبه حنين البين إليها
والذكري القاسية عليه </span><br />
-----<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5fIbA2FpavL3bKO1UQ64NV3N4aJkQogj2n4_VUQuwVIFHXEozNBIhcMO9jr5x4XPgUDdQv0kV-wfvU5r_aLb4zywum6wzN45I9T-CF028oToaPF-86YwsU0k6x6YTBW_VK-H5NK3f79H1/s1600/11.bmp"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="32" src="file:///C:\Users\abdo\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="32" /></span></span></a><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حَيْثُ كلمةٌ تدلُّ على المكان لأَنه ظرفٌ في الأَمكنة
بمنزلة حين في الأزمنة(عن الجوهري</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حَيْثُ ظرف مُبْهم من الأَمْكِنةِ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مَضموم وبعض العرب يفتحه </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وزعموا أَن أَصلها الواو </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال ابن سيده وإِنما قلبوا الواو ياء طلبَ الخِفَّةِ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال وهذا غير قويّ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال بعضهم أَجمعت العربُ على وقع حيثُ في كل وجه وذلك
أَن أَصلها حَــــــوْثُ قفلبت الواو ياء لكثرة دخول الياء على الواو </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فقيل حَيْثُ ثم بنيت على الضم لالتقاء الساكنين واختير
لها الضم ليشعر ذلك بأَن أَصلها الواو وذلك لأَن الضمة مجانسةٌ للواو فكأَنهم
أَتْبَعُوا الضَّمَّ الضَّمَّ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال الكسائي وقد يكونُ فيها النصبُ يَحْفِزُها ما قبلها
إِلى الفتح قال الكسائي سمعت في بني تميم من بني يَرْبُوع وطُهَيَّةَ من ينصب الثاء
على كل حال في الخفض والنصب والرفع فيقول حَيْثَ التَقَيْنا ومن حيثَ لا يعلمون
ولا يُصيبه الرفعُ في لغتهم </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال وسمعت في بني أَسد بن الحارث بن ثعلبة وفي بني
فَقْعَس كلِّها يخفضونها في موضع الخفض وينصبونها في موضع النصب فيقول من حيثِ لا
يعلمون وكان ذلك حيثَ التَقَيْنا </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وحكى اللحياني عن الكسائي أَيضاً أَن منهم من يخفضُ
بحيث وأَنشد أَما تَرَى حَيْثَ سُهَيْلٍ طالِعا ؟ قال وليس بالوجه قال وقوله
أَنشده ابن دريد بحيثُ ناصَى اللِّمَمَ الكِثَاثَا مَوْرُ الكَثِيبِ فَجَرى وحاثا
قال يجوز أَن يكون أَراد وحَثَا فقَلَب الأَزهري عن الليث للعرب في حَيْثُ لغتان </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فاللغة العالية حيثُ الثاء مضمومة وهو أَداةٌ للرفع يرفع
الاسم بعده </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ولغة أُخرى حَوْثُ رواية عن العرب لبني تميم يظنون
حَيْثُ في موضع نصب يقولون الْقَهْ حيثُ لَقِيتَه ونحو ذلك كذلك </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال ابن كَيْسانَ حيثُ حرف مبنيٌّ على الضم وما بعده
صلة له يرتفع الاسم بعده على الابتداء كقولك قمت حيثُ زيدٌ قائمٌ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وأَهلُ الكوفة يُجيزون حذف قائم ويرفعون زيداً بحيثُ وهو
صلة لها فإِذا أَظْهَروا قائماً بعد زيدٍ أَجازوا فيه الوجهين الرفعَ والنصبَ
فيرفعون الاسم أَيضاً وليس بصلة لها ويَنْصِبُونَ خَبَرَه ويرفعونه فيقولون قامتْ
مقامَ صفتين والمعنى زيدٌ في موضع فيه عمرو فعمرو مرتفع بفيه وهو صلة للموضع وزيدٌ
مرتفعٌ بفي الأُولى وهي خَبره وليست بصلة لشيء قال </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وأَهل البصرة يقولون حيثُ مُضافةٌ إِلى جملة فلذلك لم
تخفض وأَنشد الفراء بيتاً أَجاز فيه الخفض وهو قوله أَما تَرَى حيثَ سُهَيْلٍ
طالِعا ؟ فلما أَضافها فتحها كما يفعل بِعِنْد وخَلْف </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال أَبو الهيثم حَيْثُ ظرفٌ من الظروف يَحْتاجُ إِلى
اسم وخبر وهي تَجْمَعُ معنى ظرفين كقولك حيثُ عبدُ الله قاعدٌ زيدٌ قائمٌ المعنة
الموضعُ الذي في عبدُ الله قاعدٌ زيدٌ قائمُ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال وحيثُ من حروف المواضع لا من حروف المعاني وإِنما
ضُمَّت لأَنها ضُمِّنَتِ الاسم الذي كانت تَسْتَحِقُّ إِضافَتَها إِليه قال وقال
بعضهم إِنما ضُمَّتْ لأَن أَصلَها حَوْثُ فلما قلبوا واوها ياء ضَمُّوا آخرَها قال
أَبو الهيثم وهذا خطأٌ لأَنهم إِنما يُعْقِبون في الحرف ضمةً دالَّةً على واو ساقطة
</span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الجوهري حَيْثُ كلمةٌ تدلُّ على المكان لأَنه ظرفٌ في
الأَمكنة بمنزلة حين في الأزمنة وهو اسمٌ مبنيٌّ وإِنما حُرِّك آخره لالتقاء الساكنين
فمن العرب من يبنيها على الضم تشبيهاً بالغايات لأَنها لم تجئْ إِلاَّ مضافة إِلى
جملة كقولك أَقومُ حيثُ يقوم زيدٌ ولم تقل حيثُ زيدٍ وتقول حيثُ تكون أَكون </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ومنهم مَن يبنيها على الفتح مثل كيف استثقالاً للضم مع الياء
وهي من الظروف التي لا يُجازَى بها إِلا مع ما تقول حيثما تجلسْ أَجْلِسْ في معنى
أَينما وقولُه تعالى ولا يُفْلِحُ السَّاحِرُ حيثُ أَتى وفي حرف ابن مسعود أَينَ
أَتى والعرب تقول جئتُ من أَيْنَ لا تَعْلَمُ أَي من حَيْثُ لا تَعْلَم </span><br />
***<br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال الأَصمعي ومما تُخْطئُ فيه العامَّةُ والخاصَّة باب
حِينَ وحيثُ غَلِطَ فيه العلماءُ مثل أَبي عبيدة وسيبويه قال أَبو حاتم رأَيت في
كتاب سيبويه أَشياء كثيرة يَجْعَلُ حين حَيْثُ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وكذلك في كتاب أَبي عبيدة بخطه قال أَبو حاتم واعلم أَن
حِين وحَيْثُ ظرفانِ فحين ظرف من الزمان وحيث ظرف من المكان ولكل واحد منهما حدٌّ
لا يجاوزه والأَكثر من الناس جعلوهما معاً حَيْثُ قال والصواب أَن تقول رأَيتُك
حيثُ كنتَ أَي في الموضع الذي كنت فيه واذهب حيثُ شئتَ أَي إِلى أَيّ موضعٍ شئتَ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال الله عز وجل وكُلا من حيثُ شِئْتُما </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ويقال رأَيتُكَ حين خَرَجَ الحاجُّ أَي في ذلك الوقت
فهذا ظرف من الزمان ولا يجوز حيثُ خَِرَجَ الحاجُّ وتقول ائتِني حينَ يَقْدَمُ
الحاجُّ ولا يجوز حيثُ يَقْدَمُ الحاجُّ </span><br />
*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقد صَيَّر الناسُ هذا كلَّه حَيْثُ فَلْيَتَعَهَّدِ
الرجلُ كلامَهُ فإِذا كان موضعٌ يَحْسُنُ فيه أَيْنَ وأَيَّ موضعٍ فهو حيثُ لأَن
أَيْنَ معناه حَيْثُ وقولهم حيثُ كانوا وأَيْنَ كانوا معناهما واحد ولكن أَجازوا
الجمعَ بينهما لاختلاف اللفظين واعلم أَنه يَحْسُنُ في موضع حين لَمَّا وإِذ وإِذا
ووقتٌ ويومٌ وساعةٌ ومَتَى تقول رأَيتُكَ لَمَّا جِئْتَ وحين جِئْتَ وإِذا جِئْتَ
ويقال سأُعْطيك إِذ جئتَ ومتى جئتَ</span></span></div>
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-5914412508819633482017-02-14T07:27:00.000-08:002017-05-31T00:06:08.419-07:00روابط القرآن كله<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index.html"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">رابط موقع الأصل </span></b></a><br />
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 600px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div align="center">
<center>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 690px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td background="index_files/bgt.gif" width="690"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 690px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td background="index_files/a1a.gif" width="49"><img alt="pixle.gif (35 bytes)" height="1" src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/pixle.gif" width="1" /></td>
<td align="center" width="597"><div dir="rtl">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>لا يدعم المستعرض الذي تستخدمه الإطارات المضمنة أو تمت تهيئته حالياً حتى لا يدعم الإطارات المضمنة.</b></span>
<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<table border="2" cellspacing="1" dir="rtl" id="table1" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
1)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/1.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">الفاتحة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/1.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/1.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
30)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/30.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_self"> الروم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/30.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/30.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
59)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/59.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحشر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/59.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/59.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
88)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/88.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الغاشية</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/88.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/88.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
2)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/2.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
البقرة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/2.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/2.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
31)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/31.html" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_self">
لقمان</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/31.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/31.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
60)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/60.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الممتحنة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/60.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/60.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
89)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/89.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الفجر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/89.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/89.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
3)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/3.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
آل عمران</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/3.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/3.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
32)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/32.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
السجدة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/32.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/32.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
61)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/61.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الصف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/61.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/61.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
90)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/90.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
البلد</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/90.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/90.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
4)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/4.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النساء</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/4.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/4.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
33)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/33.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأحزاب</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/33.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/33.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
62)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/62.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الجمعة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/62.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/62.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
91)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/91.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الشمس</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/91.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/91.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
5)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/5.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المائدة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/5.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/5.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
34)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/34.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
سبأ</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/34.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/34.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
63)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/63.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المنافقون</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/63.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/63.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
92)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/92.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الليل</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/92.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/92.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
6)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/6.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأنعام</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/6.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/6.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
35)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/35.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
فاطر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/35.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/35.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
64)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/64.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التغابن</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/64.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/64.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
93)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/93.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الضحى</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/93.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/93.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
7)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/7.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأعراف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/7.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/7.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
36)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/36.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
يس</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/36.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/36.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
65)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/65.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الطلاق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/65.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/65.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
94)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/94.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الشرح</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/94.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/94.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
8)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/8.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأنفال</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/8.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/8.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
37)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/37.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الصافات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/37.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/37.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
66)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/66.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التحريم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/66.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/66.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
95)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/95.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التين</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/95.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/95.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
9)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/9.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التوبة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/9.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/9.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
38)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/38.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
ص</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/38.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/38.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
67)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/67.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الملك</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/67.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/67.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
96)<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/96.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;"> العلق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/96.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/96.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
10)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/10.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
يونس</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/10.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/10.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
39)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/39.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الزمر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/39.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/39.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
68)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/68.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القلم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/68.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/68.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
97)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/97.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القدر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/97.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/97.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
11)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/11.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
هود</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/11.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/11.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
40)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/40.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
غافر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/40.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/40.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
69)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/69.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحاقة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/69.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/69.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
98)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/98.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
البينة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/98.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/98.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
12)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/12.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
يوسف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/12.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/12.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
41)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/41.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
فصلت</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/41.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/41.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
70)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/70.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المعارج</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/70.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/70.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
99)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/99.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الزلزلة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/99.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/99.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" height="34"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
13)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/13.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الرعد</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/13.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/13.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" height="34"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
42)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/42.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الشورى</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/42.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/42.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC" height="34"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
71)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/71.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
نوح</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/71.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/71.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" height="34"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
100)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/100.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
العاديات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/100.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/100.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
14)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/14.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
إبراهيم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/14.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/14.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
43)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/43.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الزخرف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/43.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/43.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
72)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/72.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الجن</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/72.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/72.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
101)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/101.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القارعة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/101.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/101.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
15)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/15.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحجر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/15.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/15.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
44)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/44.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الدخان</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/44.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/44.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
73)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/73.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المزمل</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/73.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/73.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
102)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/102.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التكاثر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/102.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/102.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
16)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/16.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النحل</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/16.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/16.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
45)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/45.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الجاثية</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/45.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/45.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
74)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/74.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المدثر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/74.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/74.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
103)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/103.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
العصر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/103.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/103.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
17) <a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/17.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;"> الإسراء</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/17.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/17.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
46)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/46.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأحقاف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/46.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/46.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
75)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/75.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القيامة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/75.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/75.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
104)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/104.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الهمزة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/104.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/104.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
18)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/18.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الكهف</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/18.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/18.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
47)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/47.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
محمد</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/47.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/47.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
76)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/76.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الإنسان</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/76.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/76.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
105)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/105.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الفيل</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/105.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/105.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
19)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/19.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
مريم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/19.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/19.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
48)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/48.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الفتح</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/48.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/48.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
77)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/77.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المرسلات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/77.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/77.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
106)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/106.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
قريش</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/106.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/106.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink">
<span lang="ar-sa" style="font-size: 14pt;"><b>
<span style="text-decoration: none;">2<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic";">0)</span></span></b></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/20.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
طه</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/20.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/20.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
49)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/49.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحجرات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/49.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/49.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
78)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/78.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النبأ</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/78.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/78.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
107)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/107.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الماعون</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/107.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/107.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink">
<b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
21)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/21.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأنبياء</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/21.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/21.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
50)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/50.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
ق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/50.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/50.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
79)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/79.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النازعات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/79.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/79.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
108)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/108.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الكوثر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/108.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/108.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
22)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/22.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحج</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/22.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/22.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
51)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/51.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الذاريات</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/51.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/51.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
80)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/80.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
عبس</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/80.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/80.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
109)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/109.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الكافرون</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/109.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/109.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
23)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/23.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المؤمنون</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/23.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/23.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
52)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/52.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الطور</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/52.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/52.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
81)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/81.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
التكوير</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/81.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/81.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
110)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/110.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النصر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/110.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/110.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
24)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/24.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النور</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/24.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/24.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
53) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/53.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النجم</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/53.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/53.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
82)<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/82.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;"> الإنفطار</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/82.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/82.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
111)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/111.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المسد</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/111.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/111.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
25)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/25.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الفرقان</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/25.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/25.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
54)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/54.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القمر</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/54.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/54.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
83)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/83.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المطففين</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/83.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/83.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
112)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/112.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الإخلاص</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/112.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/112.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
26)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/26.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الشعراء</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/26.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/26.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
55)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/55.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الرحمن</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/55.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/55.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
84)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/84.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الإنشقاق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/84.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/84.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
113)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/113.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الفلق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/113.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/113.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
27)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/27.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
النمل</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/27.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/27.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
56)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/56.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الواقعة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/56.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/56.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
85)<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/85.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;"> البروج</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/85.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/85.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
114)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/114.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الناس</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/114.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/114.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
28)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/28.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
القصص</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/28.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/28.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
57)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/57.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الحديد</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/57.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/57.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
86)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/86.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الطارق</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/86.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/86.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
29)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/29.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
العنكبوت</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/29.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/29.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
58)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/58.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
المجادلة</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/58.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/58.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
87)
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/87.html" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: single;">
الأعلى</a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
<div class="MsoToc1" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: 14pt; text-decoration: none;">
<a href="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/87.html">
<img border="0" height="30" src="https://m6m.net//names/87.BMP" width="143" /></a></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic"; font-size: x-large;">
</span>
</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
</div>
<div dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;">
<img border="0" height="109" src="https://www.m6m.net//4san1/qraaan55.gif" width="421" /></div>
<br /></td>
<td background="index_files/a1b.gif" width="47"><img alt="pixle.gif (35 bytes)" height="1" src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/pixle.gif" width="1" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%"><div align="center">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-4872711404891678812017-02-10T07:48:00.010-08:002021-06-26T13:34:58.613-07:0029 من غشنا ليس منا <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/45.html">45. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بَاب قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْ</span>...</a><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بَاب قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ غَشَّنَا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا </span><br />
45. <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=158&pid=105913"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بَاب قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ :
" مَنْ غَشَّنَا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا </span></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> تنبيهات للقارئين وأصحاب التأويل</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</span></span><div style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "DecoType Thuluth II"; font-size: 72pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-themecolor: background1;">ينبغي علي أصحاب
التأويل أن يعلموا الآتي</span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= الأصل في التشريع الإلتزام بحرفية النص المُشَرَّع لأن
من ورائه قصدا إلهيا معينا ومحددا صادر من إله يتسم بمطلق العلم ومطلق الخبرة وهو
العليم الخبير السميع البصير علما وخبرة وسمعا وبصرا أبدا وأزلا </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span dir="RTL"></span>2=
وأن الأصل في كلامه جل وعلا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أنه منزل
بالحق انزالا وتنزيلا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بقصده الإلآهي المحدد
لا ينبغي التولي عنه </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= كما ينبغي جعله أصلا معتبرا في التشريع لا نحيد عنه
مطلقا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولا نتجاوزها الا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بدلائل هي في القوة مثل قوة النص الأصلي ثبوتا
ويقينا بحيث لا يصلح في قوتها أن يكون الدليل البديل متشابها أو ظنيا أو احتماليا </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">3= ويجب العلم بأن اللجوء لغير ذلك هو درب من العبث
والباطل مرفوض كيفا وكما وستتغير بغير ذلك الشريعة وتصبح شريعة بشرية باطلة من
تأليف بشري كما فعل أصحاب التأويل</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">4= إن ادعاء المجاز في كلام الله الواحد الأصل فيه أن
منعدم<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولو افترضنا وجود بعضه فإن ذلك
الإفتراض له حدود الأصل فيها أنه لا يصح في نصوص الأحكام ونصوص الوعيد والأخرة
والعقيدة .</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= كما أنه <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وفي هذه
الشرع خاصة لا يجوز لأن المشرع هو الله الموصوف بأسمائه الحسني التي نعرفها أو
المستأثر هو بها يعرفها ولا نعرفها جل جلاله من إله عليم خبير بصفة مطلقة أبدا
وأزلا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">5= وأن الله أنزل الكتاب فيه شَرْعَهُ الذي سيحاججنا به
سبحانه </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= وأن المحاجة بهذا الشرع المنزل كافية لإقامة حجة الله
البالغة علي العالمين بدون تدخل أصحاب التأويلات الباطلة أو أي أحد من البشر ولأنه
الغني الحميد قال تعالي <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;">{ قل فلله الحجة البالغة فلو شاء
لهداكم أجمعين}</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= وقد لجأ المبطلون من أصحاب التأويل إلي انتهاج كل ما
يسيئ الي دين الله ومن ذلك اتباع المتشابه </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">قال تعالي {{{<span style="color: #002060;">الم (<a name="3-2">1</a>) اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ (<a name="3-3">2</a>) نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ <span style="border: 6pt ridge rgb(192, 0, 0); mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بِالْحَقِّ </span>مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ
يَدَيْهِ وَأَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ (<a name="3-4">3</a>) مِنْ قَبْلُ
<span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ</span> وَأَنْزَلَ الْفُرْقَانَ إِنَّ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ
ذُو انْتِقَامٍ (<a name="3-5">4</a>) <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">إِنَّ
اللَّهَ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ</span> فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ (<a name="3-6">5</a>) هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَوِّرُكُمْ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ لَا
إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (<a name="3-7">6</a>) <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ
مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ</span> <u>فَأَمَّا
الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ
الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ</u> <u style="text-underline: dot-dash;">وَمَا
يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ</u> وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ
يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنَا <u style="text-underline: dot-dash;">وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ</u> (<a name="3-8">7</a>)
رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ
لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ (<a name="3-9">8</a>) رَبَّنَا
إِنَّكَ جَامِعُ النَّاسِ لِيَوْمٍ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُخْلِفُ
الْمِيعَادَ (<a name="3-10">9</a>)/آل عمران</span> }}</span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">فبين الله تعالي أنه </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">1.المُنَزِلُ للكتاب </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">2.وبصفة تنزيله بالحق </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">3.وأنه تعالي نزله بقصده المحدد {هدي للناس} </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">4.وأن علمه بأنه لا يَخفَي عليه شيئ في الأرض ولا في
السماء لدرجة أنه يصوركم في الأرحام كيف يشاء لا إله إلا هو العزيز الحكيم كاف
لهدايتهم دون مساعد أحد من خلقه </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">5.كل هذا الوصف الإلهي يحول بيننا وبين فهمنا الخاطئ أن
نتصور باطلا أن كلامه جل وعلا يحتاج الي بيان أصحاب التأويل بباطلهم الذي ::</span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">1. ابتليت به أمة الاسلام أسوأ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ابتلاء </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">2. وكان نكسة عليها وتخريبا لدينهم وصرفهم عن الحق الأبلج
الموضح في كل آيات الكتاب </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= إن اتباع المتشابه هو <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هو أصل الضلال والزيغ في ملة الإسلام ذلك<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لأنها ملة الحق الذي لا تقبل أي عبث وباطل <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.. هذه الملة التي أسسها الله علي منهج الحق
الذي يرفض أي باطل ولو قليل بقدر مثقال الذرة </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= لقد وضع الله الأساس الذي يبني عليه معيار الهدي {{<span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; color: #002060; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ
مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ</span><span style="color: #002060;"> <u>فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ
فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ
تَأْوِيلِهِ</u> <u style="text-underline: dot-dash;">وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ
إِلَّا اللَّهُ</u> وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌِ
مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنَا <u style="text-underline: dot-dash;">وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا
أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ</u> (7)</span>/آل عمران}} </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= لقد اتبع أهل التأويل المتشابهات من التنزيل كما وضحنا
في مرتكناتهم الدلالية الناقصة والباطلة كمثل الإقتصار علي </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">1. <span style="border: 6pt ridge rgb(192, 0, 0); mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">النصوص الواهية في ثبوتها أو المختصرة</span>
مثل حديث <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">من قال لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة</span> رواه محرر بن محرر
الباهلي القعنبي وهو صدوق اغلاطة كثيرة وليس بضابط في حفظه ولا يتقن الرواية فضلا
علي كون الرواية جاءت تامة <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بألفاظ الإخلاص
والصدق وغيرها مما حققناه في مدونة <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>قانون الحق الإلهي</span> وتوابعها </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= ورغما عن ذلك اعتمد أصحاب التأويل الرواية الناقصة
وأعرضوا عن الزيادات المتواترة التي لا يستقيم الأمر إلا بها </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= بل وأسسوا عليها شرعا بشريا موازياً لشرع الله فحواه :
<u style="text-underline: dot-dash;"><span style="color: red;">أن كل من قال لا إله
إلا الله هو موحد ولو ارتكب المعاصي والكبائر ولو مات مصرا عليها وحتما سيدخل
الجنة ان لم يكن مع الداخلين فسيدخلها بعدهم</span></u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge rgb(192, 0, 0); mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p align="justify" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= وسموا الموحد بأنه من قال لا إله إلا الله ولو مرة في
عمره <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بفعل أو بغير فعل</span>
فيكفيه من وجهة نظرهم وفي منهجهم أن قالها ولو مرة في عمره دون فعل<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فهدموا جوهر الشرع الحق في نفوس المسلمين والله قد مقت من يقول مالا يفعل<span style="font-size: x-large;">{</span></span></b><span style="font-family: Traditional Arabic; font-size: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا
فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (<a name="61-2">1</a>) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا
تَفْعَلُونَ (<a name="61-3">2</a>) كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا
مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ (<a name="61-4">3</a>) إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ
يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا كَأَنَّهُمْ بُنْيَانٌ مَرْصُوصٌ (<a name="61-5">4</a>) وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ لِمَ تُؤْذُونَنِي
وَقَدْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ
اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (<a name="61-6">5</a>)سورة الصف}</span><br /></b></span></p>
</div>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= ومن المتشابه الذي أقاموا هذا الصرح الباطل عليه<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm;"> :</span> حديث
أبي ذر { من مات لا يشرك بالله شيئا دخل الجنة وإن زنا وإن سرق وشرب الخمر رغم أنف
ابي ذر} </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وتناسوا أنه حديثا متشابة جاء التشابه فيه من كونه <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>روي بصيغة الماضي وليس
بصيغة المضارع </span></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فصيغة الماضي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">حمالة ظنية
للحدث</span>: </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">/ فبالنسبة لمن زنا ومضي زناه وانتهي بهل مات مصرا علي
زناه أم مات وهو تائبا والواضح من النص أنه مات لا يشرك بالله<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>يعني مات تائبا لأن المعصية فعلها وقت ارتكابها
شرك بالله في حقيقتها وان طالبنا الله بعدم التعامل الظاهري علي أساسها فهي مما
يعلمه الله ولا نعلمه وهي من خصائص السريرة التي تفرد الله تعالي بمعرفتها <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>قال رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">{لا يزني الزاني حين يزني وهو مؤمن}</span> وفي روايات متعددة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u style="text-underline: dot-dash;">إذا زنا
العبد ارتفع عن الإيمان فكان كالظلة فإذا أقلع عاد إلية </u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ونفس الشأن <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فيمن سرق وشرب الخمر وغلَّ </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: text1; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-themecolor: background1;">ودائما فالكلام
علي الحدث الماضي يلزمه اصطحاب المسلمات المعمول بها في بيئة الحدث عموما </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: text1; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-themecolor: background1;">1.كفرض التوبة
لمن عصي وأذنب لقول الله تعالي <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-shading-themecolor: text1;">{ومن لم يتب فأولئك هم الظالمون /الحجرات}</span></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: text1; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;">2.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-themecolor: background1;"> والأمر بالتوبة
وعدم التراخي عنها {ولست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات حتي إذا جاء أحدهم الموت قال
إني تبت الآن ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار...الأية}</span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge rgb(192, 0, 0); mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= إن أصحاب التأويل قد أجرموا </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">في حق الله</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br /></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وحق رسوله</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وحق أمة الإسلام</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
</div>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">ففي حق الله</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> بأنهم دخلوا منطقة التشريع المحرم علي البشر دخولها متجرئين
يغيروا ما انزله الله بعلمة من الحق بعكس اتجاه فروضه بأن يُثْبِتوا الإيمان لمن
نفاه الله ورسولة عنه ويؤلون ذلك بنفي <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;">كمال الإيمان بتركيبة
عجيبة ما أنزل الله بها من سلطان</span> وفرعوا فيها بغير الحق فقالوا : </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">1.كفر دون كفر </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">2.وكفر لا يخرج من الملة </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">3.ومسلم كافر </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">4.وكفر أكبر وكفر أصغر </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">5.وكفر جحود وكفر نعمة وكسل </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">6.وخلافه </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge rgb(192, 0, 0); mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وهكذا مثله بالنسب لباقي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مرادفات المعاصي </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">1.كالشرك </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">2.والفسق </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">3.والظلم </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">4.والنفاق </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #C00000 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وكل المرادفات لذلك </span></b></p>
</div>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وقاموا بذلك العبث وتحكُم الهوي بإخراج من يريدون إخراجه
من الكفر وتبعاته من النار بمطلق الهوي معرضين عن ضوابط الحق الأبلج </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">= ودلفوا إلي المنطقة المحرم علي البشر دخولها غير رسول
الله صلي الله عليه وسلم بأن اقتحموها بتشريع أن النفي عنه الإيمان يعني كماله
وليس الإيمان نفسة فتسربلوا بسرابيل العار والخطيئة بمزاحمة الله سبحانه المنزه عن
الرذائل في تشريعه <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وفي حق الرسول صلي
الله عليه وسلم</span> تطاولوا علي حقه صلي الله عليه وسلم في البيان بأن عدَّلوا
عليه واتهموه ضمناً وتعريضا بأنه مقصر في البيان الذي كلفه الله به وأعده لبيان
شريعته بعلمه ألا ساء ما فعلوا فالله أشهده بأن نبييه قد بيَّنَ وبلَّغَ عنه ببيان
ليس دونه تعمية وصدق ليس دونه ذرة كذب بل هم الكذابون المتجرئون علي الله وعلي
رسوله .</span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(192, 0, 0); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #C00000; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وبالنسبة لأمة الإسلام</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> يكفيهم الخزي والعار الذي باتوا فيه ليلا ونهارا منذ
مجيئ هؤلاء المتأولون بتأويلاتهم الباطلة لواقع المسلمين حتي يومنا هذا وانحطاط
معتقداتهم وتدنيها لدرجة صاروا بها أذل الخلق في مجتمعات الرذيلة وحتي اصبحوا أسفل
منهم بانتهاجهم الرزيلة اسألوا الغرب ومجتمعات الخزي والعار عن المسلمين الآن كل
ذلك بسبب تحريفات أهل التأويلات الباطلة وتحريفاتهم للدين القيم الذي اعرضوا عنه </span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="5a5c05925609a5d.jpg" height="615" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="620" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(29, 27, 17) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #fde9d9; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">صفات </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: #fde9d9; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #fde9d9; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">النووي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>المظلمة وأصحابه </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">تمادي
النووي في انتهاج التأويل في نصوص الوعيد بعد ان ملأ الدنيا تأويلا وتغيرا لمعاني أسماء
الذات الالهية وصفات الأسماء الالهية وتجرأ عليها </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">=
وساعدته امكانياته التجرئية اللا إكتراثية ومحيطه الخارجي المظاهر
له مثل اصحاب التأويل من أصحابه كالقاضي عياض وغيره وتبين
لي من بحثي في تعامله مع النصوص انه :</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
متجرأً جدا بلا حساب او ووجل </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
وأنه ليس رجَّاعاً للصواب اذا لاحت علامات الخطأ في مسائله </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
كما تبين لي أنه مقلد يلتمس الحجة والادلة بالعزو الي اقرانه في التأويل </span></b></p>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 628px;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 470.9pt;" valign="top" width="628">
<p class="description" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">4.
لديه خطط استباقية للسيطرة علي عقول قرائه واتباعه فهو يبادر بنقد المعارضبن له
مثل بن المسيب <span style="color: #c00000;">والبخاري</span> والحسن البصري
والعلامة أبو عمرو بن الصلاح عندما تعارضت اراءهم معه في مسألة دخول الجنة بمجرد
القول<span style="color: #eaf1dd;"> <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">بــ</span></span>
{<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #eaf1dd;">لا اله إلا الله</span>}
حتي دون عمل أو بموت القائل لا إله إلا الله وهو مصر علي
الكبيرة-كما يزعمون- عياذا بالله قام لإجهاض آرائهم بما يفيد القارئ أنه
يعلم بالشبهه وكأنه قام بالرد عليها حتي ولو قال أي قول يعني<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> انتهج
الإستباق أي بالتسبيق بذكر آراءهم </span> ليقع في روع القارئ
له أنه عليم بما هو نقد له وكأنه فند الرد عليهم فقال<span style="color: #c00000;">:
قال الشَّيْخ أَبُو عَمْرو بْن الصَّلَاح رَحِمَهُ اللَّه تَعَالَى فِي
الظَّوَاهِر الْوَارِدَة بِدُخُولِ الْجَنَّة بِمُجَرَّدِ الشَّهَادَة فَقَالَ :
يَجُوز أَنْ يَكُون ذَلِكَ اِقْتِصَارًا مِنْ بَعْض الرُّوَاة نَشَأَ مِنْ
تَقْصِيره فِي الْحِفْظ وَالضَّبْط لَا مِنْ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِدَلَالَةِ مَجِيئِهِ تَامًّا فِي رِوَايَة غَيْره</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>5. <span style="color: red;">وهو يدعم عزيمته بالعزو إلي مصطلحات
ثابتة لديه شاعت في حواراته واجتهاداته الفقهية مثل /</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1.قال جمهور العلماء </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2.قال القاضي عياض قال
الجمهور </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3.قال جمهور العلماء </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">6. اشتهر في منهجه برمي
الاحتمالات المتعددة دائما في المسألة الواحدة قبل ترسيتها علي المعني
الواحد الذي يهفو إليه باستخدام التأويل ليمهد القارئ قبول فكرة قلب مثلا <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> نفي الايمان </span> الي
<span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> نفي
كمال الايمان</span> وهو بذلك الفعل هد كل معاببر المنطق ولخبط الجوهر
والعرض وهو اول من ابتدع استخدام العرض بدلا من الجوهر </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">7. وقد اعتاد النووي علي
وضع مصطلحات الخداع بصورة تنميقية يوحي للقارئ أنها حق وهي أسِّ الباطل وداس علي
قواعد اللغة والمنطق والعقل والنقل واستحل الجمع بين الضدين في مثل القاعدة
الاصولية العقلية </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt ridge windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> الضدان
لا يجتمعان ولا يرتقيان </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> و مثل </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">مصطلح كفر دون كفر</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وكفر لا يخرج من الملة</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وكفر جحود وكفر اغتقادي</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="border: 9pt double rgb(0, 176, 80); padding: 0cm;"> وكفر أصغر وكفر
او شرك اكبر </span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="border: 9pt double rgb(0, 176, 80); padding: 0cm;">وكفر عملي</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">واستباح تغيير المفاهيم
اللغوية للتعريفات لتتماشي معه ومنهجه التأويلي مثلما سبقنا في تعريفه </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;">المقحمات وتحريف النووي لمعناها</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(1, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">للمقحمات انظر الرابط </span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">8. كما تبين لي أنه ليس
عنده موازين للنقد يزن بها ردود فعله التأويلي كمثل أن يكون <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> الأصل
في التأويل ونقل النص للمجازا هو الاستثناء والنص الاصلي هو القاعدة</span>
فقام متجرئا وقلب القاعدة - وهذه البداهة- العقلية أقول قام ليحولها
الي العكس بحيث اصبح عنده <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #eaf1dd;">من الجائز
قلب هذه القاعدة لتكون منهجا لتحويل المجاز وتعتباره أصلا واحلاله بدل
الحقيقة بل اعدام قاعدة أن النص المنزل هو الاصل المفروض</span><span style="color: #eaf1dd;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">9. وهو بذلك قد أهدر قيمة
نزول الوحي من السماء بالنصوص الموحاة عن طريق جبريل الملك ليوحيه الي نبي الله
صلي الله عليه وسلم من لدن حكيم عليم خبير </span></b></p>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">10..كما انه يؤلف ويغير في التعريفات
اللغوية الاصيلة ولو حتي بقصد الضد عمدا والتي جات نصا في معاجم اللغة
وتتعارض مع منهجه دون تورع ولم يشفع له وصفه بأنه علامة وجهبذ في
اللغة ازاء تعمده هذا السلوك كما فعل <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> في تعريف المقحمات</span> حتي لا ينهار منهجه بكشف المعجم
لتحريفه انظر الرابط </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;">المقحمات وتحريف النووي لمعناها</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: cyan;">قلت المدون : قال
النووي</span><span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #bf9000;"> </span> هَذِهِ
الْأَحَادِيث كُلّهَا سَرَدَهَا مُسْلِم رَحِمَهُ اللَّه فِي كِتَابه، فَحَكَى
عَنْ جَمَاعَة مِنْ السَّلَف رَحِمَهُمْ اللَّه :<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: FA;">۱. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">مِنْهُمْ
اِبْن الْمُسَيِّب <span style="background: rgb(255, 217, 102) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْل
نُزُول الْفَرَائِض وَالْأَمْر وَالنَّهْي</span>، <br />
٢. وَقَالَ بَعْضهمْ <span style="background: rgb(244, 204, 204) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">هِيَ مُجْمَلَة تَحْتَاج
إِلَى شَرْح</span>، <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">وَمَعْنَاهُ</span>:
<span style="background: rgb(234, 153, 153) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">مَنْ قَالَ الْكَلِمَة وَأَدَّى حَقّهَا
وَفَرِيضَتهَا</span>. <span style="background: aqua none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">وَهَذَا قَوْل الْحَسَن</span>
الْبَصْرِيّ.<span style="color: lime;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: black;">٣.<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span><span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">البخاري رحمه الله قال </span><span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ قَالَهَا عِنْد
النَّدَم وَالتَّوْبَة، وَمَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَهَذَا قَوْل الْبُخَارِيّ.</span><br />
<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">[قلت المدون هكذا فهم أجلاء التابعين
أن القولة من غير حقوقها لا تساوي شيئا وليس كما قال النووي وأمثاله من المتأولين
بالباطل لدرجة أن البخاري رحمه الله قال </span><span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ قَالَهَا عِنْد النَّدَم وَالتَّوْبَة،
وَمَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَهَذَا قَوْل الْبُخَارِيّ.</span><span style="color: lime;">]
</span><br />
<span style="background: blue none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">وَقال البخاري رحمه الله:</span> <span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ قَالَهَا عِنْد
النَّدَم وَالتَّوْبَة. وَمَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَهَذَا قَوْل الْبُخَارِيّ.</span><br />
<span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;">٤.</span><span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;"> </span><span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">وَذَكَرَ
الشَّيْخ أَبُو عَمْرو بْن الصَّلَاح رَحِمَهُ اللَّه تَعَالَى تَأْوِيلًا آخَر
فِي الظَّوَاهِر الْوَارِدَة بِدُخُولِ الْجَنَّة بِمُجَرَّدِ الشَّهَادَة
فَقَالَ: يَجُوز أَنْ يَكُون ذَلِكَ اِقْتِصَارًا مِنْ بَعْض الرُّوَاة نَشَأَ
مِنْ تَقْصِيره فِي الْحِفْظ وَالضَّبْط لَا مِنْ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِدَلَالَةِ مَجِيئِهِ تَامًّا فِي رِوَايَة غَيْره</span><span style="background: purple none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: magenta;">.</span> <span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;"> </span><br />
1.وإليك مقدمة ثم بيان تفصيلي لكل روايات الحديث.. <br />
2.وسوف تتحسر علي ما أصاب أمة الإسلام من تأويلات النووي التي رفض غاضا طرفه أن
يستوثق من الرواية الشاذة الفرد التي اعتمد عليها <br />
3.وبني صرحا خاطئا موازياً لصرح الدين المُنَزَّل من عند الله فحرفه كله ، ليس في
الدنيا فحسب .. بل تخطاه الي مصائر الخلق يوم القيامة مُعْرِضَاً بهذه الرواية<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f9cb9c;"> البور</span> <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc;"> الناقصة</span> عن شريعة الله المنزلة
بقصد الله .. <br />
4. وأزاح النووي وأصحابه بأكتافهم حق الله الأوحد في التشريع والبيان والتفصيل
.. <br />
5. ولجأ النووي وأصحابه إلي تحريف كل نصوص العقيدة والإيمان والدار الآخرة بحيلةٍ
لم تنطلي علي عباد الله المخلصين الغيورين علي دينه سبحانه هي تحويل النصوص
المُحكمة المُنَّزلة في عقاب وزجر المخالفين لما فرضه الله ورسوله عليهم <span style="background: rgb(102, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #ffe599;"> بحيلة التأويل والمجاز</span> الي عكس
كل قضايا الدين الاسلامي <br />
6. وأشعل الشيطان في نفوس الناس نيران الظن والتشابه مُلَبِّسَا علي أمة الاسلام
دينها بهذا التأويل الباطل <br />
7. ولم يهمد الشيطان[إبليس اللعين] بل قام هو وجنوده يحققون عهدة المنحط[<span style="background: rgb(7, 55, 99) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #ffe599;"> أي عهد إبليس الذي أخذه علي نفسه ساعة
محاجة الله له بعد رفضه السجود لآدم</span>] في إضلال الناس وإبعادهم عن قِيَمِ
هذا الدين حتي ترك المسلمين وهم عرايا من حقيقة الدين القيم وراحوا بواسطته
يتسرولون بأثوابٍ مُهلهلة ممزقة تعري أكثرهم بارتدائها والتمسك بها تاركين الدين
القيم <br />
8.وفعل الشيطان بواسطة أوليائه ما فعله مع آدم مما وصفه الله تعالي<span style="color: #cc0000;">(يَا بَنِي آَدَمَ قَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ لِبَاسًا
يُوَارِي سَوْآَتِكُمْ وَرِيشًا وَلِبَاسُ التَّقْوَى ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ ذَلِكَ مِنْ
آَيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ (26) </span><span style="background: blue none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">يَا بَنِي آَدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ كَمَا أَخْرَجَ
أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا
سَوْآَتِهِمَا</span><span style="color: #cc0000;"> إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ هُوَ
وَقَبِيلُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ
أَوْلِيَاءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (27) وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا فَاحِشَةً قَالُوا
وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَا آَبَاءَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَمَرَنَا بِهَا قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا
يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (28) </span><span style="background: rgb(53, 28, 117) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّي بِالْقِسْطِ
وَأَقِيمُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ
الدِّينَ كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ</span><span style="color: #cc0000;"> (29)
فَرِيقًا هَدَى وَفَرِيقًا حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الضَّلَالَةُ إِنَّهُمُ اتَّخَذُوا
الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ
مُهْتَدُونَ (30)/سورة الأعراف)</span> 9. وإليك البداية ثم الإسهاب في الدلائل
والحجج الناقضة لباطل ما ذهب اليه النووي والخطابي والطحاوي والقاضي عياض وكل من
ساندوهم وآزروهم في تضليل عباد الله علي مدي عقود كثيرة من الزمان تصل إلي
قرون متعددة..</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">11. كما اهدر قيمة ما أجراه
الله {{عياذا بالله الواحد} من حق تنزيل النص الإلهي وله سبحانه ما يريد
بقصده الالهي هو </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">12. تجرأ النووي علي دخول
دائرة ومنطقة التشريعي بلا رحمة ولا خوف من الجليل بحيث وقع في عداد
المتجرئين علي الله تعالي بدخولهم منطقة الله في التشريع فوقع في محظور قوله تعالي
<span style="color: red;">{أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ
مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنْ بِهِ اللَّهُ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ
وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (21) /الشوري} </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">13. نسي النووي
أو قل جرته شهوة التصدر للناس بالفتوي مهما كانت شكلها أن الله تعالي غني عنه وعن
أمثاله وأنه القادر علي أن يختار من عباده من يبين عنه سبحانه شرعه الذي ارتضاه
لعباده وأنه فعلا قد اصطفي لذلك محمدا نبيا ورسولاً له من دون خلقه أجمعين في هذا
المقام والوقت فما النووي وملئ الارض مثل النووي ومن شابهه بجانب رسول الله
صلي الله عليه وسلم </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">14.<u> لم ينتبه
النووي ومن شابهه الي انه وهم </u>قد نصَّبوا انفسهم مُبيِّنين للنبي محمد
صلي الله عليه وسلم ما لم يفهمه وما غاب عنه حاشا للنبي الذي اعلي الله قدره
في كل شيئ يتصف به البشر في البيان والحكمة واعطاؤه حق التشريع وتحليل ما حرم علي
الناس واباحة ما كان محرما بالحق لا بالباطل الذي انتهجه اصحاب التأويل والنووي
فقال تعالي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">{مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ تَرَاهُمْ
رُكَّعًا سُجَّدًا <u>يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا</u>
سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُهُمْ فِي
التَّوْرَاةِ وَمَثَلُهُمْ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ
فَاسْتَغْلَظَ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى سُوقِهِ يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ
الْكُفَّارَ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْهُمْ
مَغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (29) /سورة الفتح} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/ وقوله تعالي {
الَّذِينَ <span style="background: rgb(219, 229, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> يَتَّبِعُونَ
الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ </span> الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ
مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ <span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ
وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ
عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ </span>فَالَّذِينَ
آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ <u>وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ
الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ </u> أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (157) /سورة
الأعراف} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">15.. فماذا يفيد النووي <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;">وملئ الأرض مثل النووي أن يقوموا بنقل
النصوص المنزلة علي هذا النبي بهذا الوصف الالهي له كنبي ورسول وتحريفها بنقلها من
محيط أسوارها المختارة من الله تعالي الي المجاز والتأويل</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">16.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">إن
النووي ومن ظاهره <span style="background: rgb(219, 229, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> قد
أخطأوا </span> في حق الله وحق رسوله الموصوف بهذا الوصف من
الله الواحد بادعائهم ضمنا انهم يبينون لرسوله ما ابهم وغمي عليه حاشا لرسول
الله </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> قال الله تعالي { يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ <span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا
كُنْتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ </span> <span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُبِينٌ </span>(15)
يَهْدِي <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> <span style="color: yellow;"> بِهِ</span></span>
اللَّهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ السَّلَامِ
وَيُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَى
صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (16) /سورة المائدة وليس بتأويلات النووي واصحابه</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وقوله تعالي <u> يهدي به الله من اتبع رضوانه </u> <u>مانع
لأيما شيئ غيره من نووي أو غيره من تحقق الهدي الا بما انزله الله
ويمتنع علي كل شيء التدخل</u>} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقوله تعالي { يَا أَهْلَ
الْكِتَابِ<span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ</span>
عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ
بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ
شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (19) /المائدة} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقوله تعالي{ وَمَا
أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ <span style="background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> لِيُبَيِّنَ
لَهُمْ</span> فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (4) وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَى بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْ
أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ
اللَّهِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ (5) /سورة ابراهيم} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقوله تعالي { فَاتَّقُوا
اللَّهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَدْ أَنْزَلَ
اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْرًا (10) <span style="background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">رَسُولًا
</span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; font-family: "DecoType Thuluth II"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; padding: 0cm;">يَتْلُو
عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ لِيُخْرِجَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا
الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّور</span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">ِ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
وَمَنْ </span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "DecoType Thuluth II"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-highlight: yellow;">يُؤْمِنْ
بِاللَّهِ</span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وَيَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ
تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا قَدْ أَحْسَنَ
اللَّهُ لَهُ رِزْقًا (11) /سورة الطلاق} <u>ولم يقل النووي ولا غيره </u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">17..
والواضح من سياق ايات الكتاب ان النووي واصحابه لم يتدبروا القران بل
يقرؤنه بلا تدبر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> فأين هم من قوله تعالي { حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ
وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ
وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا
أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ
تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ذَلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ </span></b><span face="AL-Mateen" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;"> <span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ
عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا </span> </span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> فَمَنِ
اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ
رَحِيمٌ (3) /سورة المائدة} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وقوله تعالي { شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّى بِهِ
نُوحًا وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ وَلَا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ كَبُرَ
عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ اللَّهُ يَجْتَبِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ
وَيَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ (13) وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا
جَاءَهُمُ <span style="background: rgb(253, 233, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> الْعِلْمُ
بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ </span> وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ
إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا
الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مُرِيبٍ (14) </span></b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;"> فَلِذَلِكَ
فَادْعُ وَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;"> </span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وَلَا
تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ <span style="background: rgb(251, 212, 180) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وَقُلْ
آمَنْتُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ</span>
اللَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ
أَعْمَالُكُمْ لَا حُجَّةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ اللَّهُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا
وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ (15 /الشوري} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وقوله تعالي { وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ
اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ
الْفَاسِقُونَ (47)<span style="background: rgb(64, 49, 82) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white;"> وَأَنْزَلْنَا
إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ
وَمُهَيْمِنًا عَلَيْهِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا
تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ عَمَّا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ</span> لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا
مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً
وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ
إِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ
تَخْتَلِفُونَ (48) وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا
تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ
اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُمْ
بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ (49)
أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا
لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ (50) /المائدة} <span style="border: 6pt groove windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-engrave windowtext 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> <span style="background: rgb(251, 212, 180) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">فأين المزعومين انهم اهل التاويل الذين حرفوا شرع الله
بزعمهم أنهم اوتوا علمه بغياً وصلفاً وزيغاً </span></span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span><span style="color: #eaf1dd;">8. <span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">قلت المدون/ هكذا فالأدلة علي حفظ الله تعالي
لنصوصه المنزلة قراناً وسنةً تمنع المتجرئين المتغولين علي حق الله ورسوله في
التشريع اكثر من أن أحصيها</span> </span></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/ (قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ
جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَآَمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;">الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ
وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ</span> </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(158)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وَمِنْ قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ
يَعْدِلُونَ (159)/سورة الأعراف)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">19.. قلت المدون شهد الله لنبييه صلي الله عليه وسلم أنه: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1 1) رسول الله إلي الناس جميعا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2) وأن الذي كلفه
بالرسالة للناس جميعا هو رب عظيم لا يمكن أن ينتقي لهذه الوظيفة رجل (هفا: يعني
ليس علي مستوي التكليف حاشا لرسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم بل هو كما وصفه الله
تعالي:</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> أ) لا ينطق عن الهوي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> ب) إن هو إلا وحي يوحي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> ج)علمه شديد القوي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> د) وقد عرج به جبريل الملك إلي ربه
..{وهو بالأفق الأعلي..إلي أن قربه ربه إليه بمقدار (قاب قوسين أو أدني)} </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> هـ) فأوحي إلي عبده ما أوحي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">) {
مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ
رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ تَرَاهُمْ رُكَّعًا سُجَّدًا يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ
اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ أَثَرِ السُّجُودِ ذَلِكَ
مَثَلُهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَمَثَلُهُمْ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ كَزَرْعٍ أَخْرَجَ
شَطْأَهُ فَآزَرَهُ فَاسْتَغْلَظَ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى سُوقِهِ يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ
لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا
الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْهُمْ مَغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (29) /سورة الفتح }</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">هــ) <span style="color: #c00000;">{ وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي
الْآخِرَةِ إِنَّا هُدْنَا إِلَيْكَ قَالَ عَذَابِي أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ
وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ
وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (156) </span><span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; color: yellow; padding: 0cm;">الَّذِينَ
يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ</span><span style="color: #c00000;">
الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ
يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ
الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ
وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ
وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ
الْمُفْلِحُونَ (157) قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَا إِلَهَ
إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ
الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ
تَهْتَدُونَ (158) /الاعراف }</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">20 .. {قلت} فأين النووي وأصحاب التأول من الني محمد الموصوف من عند الله
تعال بهذه الصفات وأمها فرض الإتباع علي ما أوحي إليه نصا وليس مجازا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ونبي مثل هذا لا يمكن أن يرد في خواطر أصحاب الهمم والتقوي وأولي
العزم من المؤمنين أن يُبَيِّنَ له ويستدرك عليه غيره من البشر الصغار المغرورين
أمثال أصحاب التأويل فيقول هذا النبي العظيم والرسول الكريم (والله لا يؤمن ..من
بات شبعان وجاره جائع وهو يعلم) ..فيقولون المقصود كمال الإيمان وليس أصله فأعرضوا
عن: (((</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">شهادة الله لنبييه صلي الله عليه
وسلم أنه: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1) رسول الله إلي الناس جميعا </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2) وأن الذي كلفه بالرسالة للناس جميعا هو رب عظيم لا يمكن أن ينتقي
لهذه الوظيفة رجل (هفا: يعني ليس علي مستوي التكليف حاشا لرسول الله صلي الله عليه
وسلم بل هو كما وصفه الله تعالي: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> أ) لا ينطق عن الهوي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> ب) إن هو إلا وحي يوحي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> ج)علمه شديد القوي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> د) وقد عرج به جبريل الملك إلي ربه ..{وهو بالأفق
الأعلي..إلي أن قربه ربه إليه بمقدار (قاب قوسين أو أدني)} </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> هـ) فأوحي إلي عبده ما أوحي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">)))</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3. كما ضربوا بكل مقننات التقارير القرانية عرض الحائط وغمر كل
منهم غروره وتجرؤا علي الله ورسوله الذي وصف نبيَّه بكل كوامل الوصف الإلهي لبشر
من خلقه فهو يصف حال المؤمنين الحق في اتباعهم له قيد الشعرة ويصفه لهم بأنه </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا
عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ
عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي
كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ
وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وما عليهم إلا كما وصفهم الله له </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> / </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> فمن ذا الذي يتهم رسول الله بعدم البيان
فيقوموا هم بالبيان بدلا منه حاشا لرسول الله – </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> فكلما قال لا يؤمن</span><span lang="AR-SA">.. قالوا هم <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;">بل هو مؤمن لكن...فعله هو
الذي ليس مثل فعلنا... </span> ..</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وكلما قال رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> ليس منا </span> قالوا
هم <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> لا بل
هو منا لكن صفاته واخلاقه التي ليست منا </span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وكلما قال لا يدخل الجنة من لم
يأمن جاره بوائقه قالوا هم <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;">لا بل سيدخل الجنة بعد الداخلين</span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> بل الأفحش من ذلك أنهم نصَّبوا أنفسهم قائِمين
علي الباري جل وعلا وتنزه في كبريائه وتعالي عن سفاهة أقولهم حين علقوا علي قوله
تعالي في أية قتل المؤمن عمدا ( وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا
فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ
وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا (93) النساء</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فقالوا سيدخلها بعد الداخلين وأولوا حكم الله في قاتل المؤمن عمدا
بالخلود مخلدا فيها أبدا </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; color: #c00000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;"> بأن قالوا
خلودا يعني طول المكث وأنه حتما خارج من النار وسيدخل الجنة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> فالله الجبار يقول أن قاتل المؤمن عمدا مخلدٌ في النار أبدا
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(238, 236, 225) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 4.5pt double windowtext; color: #c00000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;"> وهم يقولون لا بل ليس مخلدا فيها وسيخرج
منها </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وينسبون السفاهة
والتقصير(جل جلال الله وتقدست أسماؤه وتنزه عن سفاهات البشر ) للنص القراني اللهم
فاشهد أنني بريئ مما يقولون ومما ينسبون التقصير لقرآنك ودينك ونبييك وحاشاك رب
الكون فهم الجاهلون وهم السفهاء وهم المبطلون وأصبحت فيهم كل العيوب وأنت ودينك
ورسولك المبرؤون عن الصغار وكل عيب ..والآية سبقت في سورة النساء قبل أسطرٍ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا
عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ
عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي
كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ
وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(157)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة الأعراف)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (قُلْ <span style="border: 4.5pt double windowtext; padding: 0cm;">إِنَّ
هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى</span> وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ
الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ
</span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(120)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة البقرة) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> <u>قلت
المدون وليس هدي النووي وأصحابه</u></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فبين الباري أن ما ارتضاه الله لنا هدي فهو كل الهدي ولا شيئ بعد
هداه </span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(1) إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2) ونهاه صلي الله عليه وسلم عن إتباع أي هوي من أهوائهم 3} وَلَئِنِ
اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ
اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وفيما ارتضاه الله لنا هدي قال جل شأنه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1. قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2. وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ
الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">نَصِيرٍ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3. الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا
تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ
عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي
مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (3)/سورة
المائدة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">4. وقوله تعالي منبها علي رسوله أن لا يتبع إلا ما يوحي إليه من
ربه </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">- ونهاه عن اتباع كل قول غير قول الله تعالي{اي قةل لاي قائل غير الله
فلا نووي ولا خطابي ولا قاضي عياض ولا ملئ الارض من اي بشر او أي مخلوق
} </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">- وضرب الله لرسوله </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☜</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> المشركين أكبر مثل من
أمثلة عدم اتباع أقولهم جملة وتفصيلا وعبر عن هذا النهي بلفظ وأعرض عن
المشركين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☟</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">🢃</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";"><span dir="RTL"></span>☜</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (وَكَذَلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ الْآَيَاتِ وَلِيَقُولُوا دَرَسْتَ
وَلِنُبَيِّنَهُ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(105)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> اتَّبِعْ مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ
وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(106)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة الأنعام)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<div style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">والله تعالي قد وظف رسوله للوظائف العظيمة التي ذكرها(كِتَابٌ
أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ) ومنها </span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-themecolor: background1;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">1.. فَلَا يَكُنْ فِي صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-themecolor: background1;">☜</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">مِنْهُ لِتُنْذِرَ بِهِ</span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">2.. وَذِكْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ</span></b></p>
</div>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #bc00bc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">..</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> اتَّبِعُوا مَا أُنْزِلَ
إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ</span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">4.. وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ
أَوْلِيَاءَ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">1. قلت المدون فأبطل الله تعالي كل دين وكل
مذهب وكل شأن في التشريع والاتباع للتشريع لأي شأن غير شأن الله وشأن رسوله </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">2. فما يغني شأن النووي عن عباد الله شيئا ولو
بمثقال الذرة أو دون المثقال من الذرة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">3.وعلي مثل هذه الآيات العظيمة أقول ياليت النووي وأصحابه أراحوا
أنفسهم وتركوا الشأن لله المشرع ولرسوله المبلغ وياليتهم فهموا ذلك ولم يتعبوا
أنفسهم في إضلال أمة النبي حمد صلي الله عليه وسلم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (كِتَابٌ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ فَلَا يَكُنْ فِي صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ
مِنْهُ لِتُنْذِرَ بِهِ وَذِكْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(2)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> اتَّبِعُوا مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَلَا
تَتَّبِعُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ قَلِيلًا مَا تَذَكَّرُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(3)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة الأعراف) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ
رَبِّكُمْ فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ
فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ بِوَكِيلٍ (108) وَاتَّبِعْ
مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ
الْحَاكِمِينَ (109)/يونس) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">أذان من الله يكلف رسوله أن ينادي في العالمين بأن الله أرسله وجاءه
بالحق من ربكم وليس من صغار من عباده نسوا أنفسهم ونصبوا أشخاصهم وكلاء لله قبل
رسوله يصححون أخطاءه –حاشاه </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #bc00bc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">صلي
الله عليه وسلم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> -</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (الر كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آَيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ
حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(1)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة هود) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فالتفصيل لآيات الله المحكمة إحكاما بعد تفصيل وتفصيلا بعد إحكام لم
يترك لمتطاول أو متغوِّل علي نصوص شريعته التي فرَّغ فيها جهد النبوة 23 سنة من
مشقة التشريع ونزول الوحي علي هذا المدار ودخول النبي </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #bc00bc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">صلي الله عليه وسلم في حروب وجهاد وخوف علي دين الله والمؤمنين
تارة وتطلع لربه بالنصر تارة ثم يأتيه الموت تارة أخيرة </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وتُكَرَّسُ لنبوته وأمة الإسلام ودين الله كل شيئ في السموات
والأرض ثم يأتي النووي وأمثاله ليهدموا دين الله بكل راحة وبكل تحريف وبكل بجاحة
فينشأوا دينا جديدا يبنوه علي عبارة لا تتجاوز الأربع كلمات ضاربين بتفعيلهن عرض
كل حوائط الدنيا والدين </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> (قُلْ هَذِهِ سَبِيلِي أَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ عَلَى بَصِيرَةٍ أَنَا
وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَنِي وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(108)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة يوسف)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">واتباع الرسول ما وصفه الله تعالي (علي بصيرة) مانعا لأي زعم لبصيرة
أخري كبصيرة أصحاب التأويل لأن كل ظن لاستبصار بعد بصيرة الهدي المشار إليه في
الآية 108 من سورة يوسف هو عم باطل جدا لأن نصوص الشرع وصفها الله بكونها سبيل
النور والإستبصار فما دونها هو سبيل الباطل مهما كان شأن الزاعمين له. و(فَإِنْ
لَمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَمَنْ
أَضَلُّ مِمَّنَ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا
يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (50)/سورة القصص) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فكل اتباع لغير هدي الله هو ضلال واتباع أصحاب التأويل الذين حرفوا
التصوص المتضمنة شريعة الله تعالي لأن هدي الله المطالبون باتبعه قد اوَّلوه
وحرفوه بأي عم إذ المفروض أن لا يُأوَّل الهدي كما في الآية بل يُتَّبع
و(وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ
فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(15)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة لقان) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.0pt; margin: 14pt 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ولو كان هناك سبيل غير سبيل النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم لضمنته الآية
معه لكن الآية أفردت سبيل الإتباع بمسمي رسول الله الذي أناب إلي ربه. وآيات تحري
نصوص الشرع أكثر من أحصيها في كتاب الله تعالي ونكتفي بما ذكرناه هنا عوضا عن
الاسترسال في الباقي .وأتم الآيات بآية التحريز القطعية (الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ الْيَوْمَ
أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ
الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(3)</span></b></a><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/سورة المائدة)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قُلْ
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ
مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ
فَآَمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ
بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(158)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَمِنْ
قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ (159)/سورة
الأعراف</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> (<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">قلت المدون شهد الله لنبييه صلي الله عليه وسلم أنه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>: </span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>1)<span style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">رسول
الله إلي الناس جميعا </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
2) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وأن الذي كلفه بالرسالة للناس جميعا هو رب
عظيم لا يمكن أن ينتقي لهذه الوظيفة رجل (هفا: يعني ليس علي مستوي التكليف حاشا
لرسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم بل هو كما وصفه الله تعالي:أ) لا ينطق عن الهوي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ب) إن هو إلا وحي يوحي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ج) علمه شديد القوي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">د) وقد عرج به جبريل الملك إلي ربه ..{وهو
بالأفق الأعلي..إلي أن قربه ربه إليه بمقدار (قاب قوسين أو أدني)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">هـ) فأوحي إلي عبده ما أوحي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ونبي مثل هذا لا يمكن أن
يرد في خواطر أصحاب الهمم والتقوي وأولي العزم من المؤمنين أن يُبَيِّنَ له
ويستدرك عليه غيره من البشر الصغار المغرورين أمثال أصحاب التأويل فيقول هذا النبي
العظيم والرسول الكريم </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">والله لا يؤمن ..من بات
شبعان وجاره جائع وهو يعلم) ..فيقولون المقصود كمال الإيمان وليس أصله فأعرضوا عن:
(((شهادة الله لنبييه صلي الله عليه وسلم أنه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>: <br />
<br />
1)<span style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">رسول
الله إلي الناس جميعا </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
2) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وأن الذي كلفه بالرسالة للناس جميعا هو رب
عظيم لا يمكن أن ينتقي لهذه الوظيفة رجل </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">هفا: يعني ليس علي مستوي
التكليف حاشا لرسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم بل هو كما وصفه الله تعالي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>: <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">أ) لا ينطق عن الهوي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ب) إن هو إلا وحي يوحي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ج) علمه شديد القوي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">د) وقد عرج به جبريل الملك إلي ربه ..{وهو
بالأفق الأعلي..إلي أن قربه ربه إليه بمقدار (قاب قوسين أو أدني)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">هـ) فأوحي إلي عبده ما أوحي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>)))</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">كما ضربوا بكل مقننات التقارير القرانية عرض
الحائط وغمر كل منهم غروره وتجرؤا علي الله ورسوله الذي وصف نبيَّه بكل كوامل
الوصف الإلهي لبشر من خلقه فهو يصف حال المؤمنين الحق في اتباعهم له قيد الشعرة
ويصفه لهم بأنه الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا
عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ
عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي
كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ
وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ وما
عليهم إلا كما وصفهم الله له</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> / </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ
الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ / فمنذ الذي يتهم رسول الله بعد البيان فيقوموا
هم بالبيان بدلا منهم فكلما قال لا يؤمن.. قالوا هم بل هو مؤمن لكن ..وكلما قال
رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم ليس منا قالوا هم لا بل هو منا لكن صفاته واخلاقه
التي ليست منا وكلما قال لا يدخل الجنة من لم يأمن جاره بوائقه قالوا هم لا بل
سيدخل الجنة بعد الداخلين بل الأفحش من ذلك أنهم نصَّبوا أنفسهم قيِّمين علي
الباري جل وعلا وتنزه في كبريائه وتعالي عن سفاهة أقولهم حين علقوا علي قوله تعالي
في أية قتل المؤمن عمدا () فقالوا سيدخلها بعد الداخلين وأولوا حكم الله في قاتل المؤمن
عمدا بالخلود مخلدا فيها أبدا بأن قالوا خلودا يعني طول المكث وأنه حتما خارج من
النار وسيدخل الجنة فالله الجبار يقول أنه قاتل المؤمن عمدا مخلدٌ في النار أبدا
وهم يقولون لا بل ليس مخلدا فيها وسيخرج منها وينسبون السفاهة والتقصير(جل جلال
الله وتقدست أسماؤه وتنزه عن سفاهات البشر ) للنص القراني اللهم فاشهد أنني بريئ
مما يقولون ومما ينسبون التقصير لقرانك ودينك ونبييك وحاشاك رب الكون فهم الجاهلون
وهم السفها وهم المبطلون وأصبحت فيهم كل العيوب وأنت ودينك ورسولك المبرؤون عن
الصغار وكل عيب ..والآية في سورة الأعراف هي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>: </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله
تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الَّذِينَ
يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا
عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ
الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ
عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا
النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(157)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
الأعراف</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ
هُوَ الْهُدَى وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ
الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(120)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
البقرة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فبين الباري أن ما ارتضاه الله لنا هدي فهو
كل الهدي ولا شيئ بعد هداه (1</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ
الْهُدَى 2) ونهاه صلي الله عليه وسلم عن إتباع أي هوي من أهوائهم //وَلَئِنِ
اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ
اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;">وفيما ارتضاه الله لنا هدي قال جل
شأنه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>1.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قُلْ
إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>2.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَلَئِنِ
اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ
اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>3.الْيَوْمَ
يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي
وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ
مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (3)/سورة المائدة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>4.وقوله
تعالي منبها علي رسوله أن لا يتبع إلا ما يوحي إليه من ربه </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ونهاه عن اتباع كل قول غير قول الله تعالي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
- </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وضرب الله لرسوله </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☜</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
المشركين أكبر مثل من أمثلة عدم اتباع أقولهم جملة وتفصيلا وعبر عن هذا النهي بلفظ
وأعرض عن المشركين</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☟</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">🢃</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☜</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَكَذَلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ
الْآَيَاتِ وَلِيَقُولُوا دَرَسْتَ وَلِنُبَيِّنَهُ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(105)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">اتَّبِعْ
مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ
الْمُشْرِكِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(106)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
الأنعام)</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">والله تعالي قد وظف رسوله للوظائف العظيمة
التي ذكرها(كِتَابٌ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ) ومنها </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>1.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فَلَا
يَكُنْ فِي صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">☜</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">مِنْهُ
لِتُنْذِرَ بِهِ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>2.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَذِكْرَى
لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>3.اتَّبِعُوا
مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>4.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَلَا
تَتَّبِعُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>1.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قلت
المدون فأبطل الله تعالي كل دين وكل مذهب وكل شأن في التشريع والاتباع للتشريع لأي
شأن غير شأن الله وشأن رسوله </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>2.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فما
يغني شأن النووي عن عباد الله شيئا ولو بمثقال الذرة أو دون المثقال من الذرة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>3.</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>.</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وعلي
مثل هذه الآيات العظيمة أقول ياليت النووي وأصحابه أراحوا أنفسهم وتركوا الشأن لله
المشرع ولرسوله المبلغ وياليتهم فهموا ذلك ولم يتعبوا أنفسهم في إضلال أمة النبي
حمد صلي الله عليه وسلم </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">كِتَابٌ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ
فَلَا يَكُنْ فِي صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ مِنْهُ لِتُنْذِرَ بِهِ وَذِكْرَى
لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(2)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">اتَّبِعُوا مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ
رَبِّكُمْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ قَلِيلًا مَا تَذَكَّرُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(3)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
الأعراف</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ
قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي
لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ
بِوَكِيلٍ (108</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى
إِلَيْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَاكِمِينَ
(109)/يونس)</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">أذان من الله يكلف رسوله أن ينادي في العالمين
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">بأن الله أرسله وجاءه بالحق من ربكم وليس من
صغار من عباده نسوا أنفسهم ونصبوا أشخاصهم وكلاء لله قبل رسوله يصححون أخطاءه </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>–</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">حاشاه
صلي الله عليه وسلم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> - </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="609" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg" width="605" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله
تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الر
كِتَابٌ أُحْكِمَتْ آَيَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ مِنْ لَدُنْ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(1)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
هود</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فالتفصيل لآيات الله المحكمة إحكاما بعد
تفصيل وتفصيلا بعد إحكام لم يترك لمتطاول أو متغوِّل علي نصوص شريعته التي فرَّغ
فيها جهد النبوة 23 سنة من مشقة التشريع ونزول الوحي علي هذا المدار ودخول النبي
صلي الله عليه وسلم في حروب وجهاد وخوف علي دين الله والمؤمنين تارة وتطلع لربه
بالنصر تارة ثم يأتيه الموت تارة أخيرة وتُكَرَّسُ لنبوته وأمة الإسلام ودين الله
كل شيئ في السموات والأرض ثم يأتي النووي وأمثاله ليهدموا دين الله بكل راحة وبكل
تحريف وبكل بجاحة فينشأوا دينا جديدا يبنوه علي عبارة لا تتجاوز الأربع كلمات
ضاربين بتفعيلهن عرض كل حوائط الدنيا والدين </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(قوله تعالي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">قُلْ هَذِهِ سَبِيلِي
أَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ عَلَى بَصِيرَةٍ أَنَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَنِي وَسُبْحَانَ
اللَّهِ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(108)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
يوسف</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">واتباع الرسول ما وصفه الله تعالي (علي
بصيرة) مانعا لأي زعم لبصيرة أخري كبصيرة أصحاب التأويل لأن كل ظن لاستبصار بعد
بصيرة الهدي المشار إليه في الآية </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>108 </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">من سورة يوسف هو عم باطل
جدا لأن نصوص الشرع وصفها الله بكونها سبيل النور والإستبصار فما دونها هو سبيل
الباطل مهما كان شأن الزاعمين له</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">و(فَإِنْ لَمْ
يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ
مِمَّنَ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي
الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (50)/سورة القصص</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فكل اتباع لغير هدي الله هو ضلال واتباع
أصحاب التأويل الذين حرفوا التصوص المتضمنة شريعة الله تعالي لأن هدي الله
المطالبون باتبعه قد اوَّلوه وحرفوه بأي عم إذ المفروض أن لا يُأوَّل الهدي كما في
الآية بل يُتَّبع و(وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ
مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(15)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
لقان</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ولو كان هناك سبيل غير سبيل النبي صلي الله
عليه وسلم لضمنته الآية معه لكن الآية أفردت سبيل الإتباع بمسمي رسول الله الذي
أناب إلي ربه. وآيات تحري نصوص الشرع أكثر من أحصيها في كتاب الله تعالي ونكتفي
بما ذكرناه هنا عوضا عن الاسترسال في الباقي .وأتم الآيات بآية التحريز القطعية
(الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ
الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي
وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ
مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ </span></b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(3)</span></b></a><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
المائدة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">===============**===========</span></b></p>
<div style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 7.5pt ridge rgb(0, 176, 80); mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #00B050 7.5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #00B050 7.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="color: white; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-themecolor: background1;">مشاكل اصحاب
التأويل التي ينشغلون بها في محيط تفكيرهم وأفق تصوراتهم </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">/ عادتهم التأويلية التي تأصلت فيهم</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">/ فكرهم الباطل الذي نما عندهم لا ندري من أين جاء وكيف
تمكن منهم وفي عقولهم ونفوسهم ومن هو صاحب بدعته /لكني أعتقد أن سببه جاء من
سابق<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تواجد معظمهم في المذهب الأشعري قبل
انتقالهم إلي أهل السنة والجماعة ويا ليتهم ما انتقلوا اليه /</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">/ شغلوا أنفسهم بتحريف نصوص الوعيد وكل<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مالا يستسيغونه من شرائع <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">تحت مسمي المجاز والتأويل</span> ليس فقط في نصوص الوعيد
والزجر لكن أيضا في نصوص العاقبة والحساب يوم القيامة </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">/ وكأنهم عمدوا إلي مناددة الله الواحد الديان<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في شأنه وشأن تشريعه وشأن وعده سبحانه ووعيده
بل دفسوا أنوفهم فيما خلا ذلك من بعض مسائل الأحكام وأعملوا فيها المجاز والتأويل وكل
شأنهم وما يشغلهم عَوْجِ قامة النص وتركها معوجة لكن شريعة الله الحق ليس فيها
عوجا ولا أمْتَا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>والعوج هو الانحراف
البسيط عن استقامة الساق ويضرب مثلا في النخلة وقد انحرافها </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">قال تعالي /قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ
عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">تَبْغُونَهَا
عِوَجًا</span> وَأَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ
(<a name="3-100"><span style="color: red;">99</span></a>) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ
آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُمْ
بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ كَافِرِينَ (<a name="3-101"><span style="color: red;">100</span></a>)
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">//وَنَادَى أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ
أَنْ قَدْ وَجَدْنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقًّا فَهَلْ وَجَدْتُمْ مَا وَعَدَ
رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ لَعْنَةُ
اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ (<a name="7-45"><span style="color: red;">44</span></a>)
الَّذِينَ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا</span>
وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ كَافِرُونَ (<a name="7-46"><span style="color: red;">45</span></a>)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">// وَإِلَى مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا قَالَ يَا
قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ
بَيِّنَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا
النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ إِصْلَاحِهَا
ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (<a name="7-86"><span style="color: red;">85</span></a>) وَلَا تَقْعُدُوا بِكُلِّ صِرَاطٍ تُوعِدُونَ
وَتَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">وَتَبْغُونَهَا
عِوَجًا</span> وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلًا فَكَثَّرَكُمْ وَانْظُرُوا
كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُفْسِدِينَ (<a name="7-87"><span style="color: red;">86</span></a>)الاعراف</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">//الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">أَنْزَلَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ الْكِتَابَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ عِوَجًا</span>
(<a name="18-2"><span style="color: red;">1</span></a><span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">) قَيِّمًا</span>
لِيُنْذِرَ بَأْسًا شَدِيدًا مِنْ لَدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ
يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا (<a name="18-3"><span style="color: red;">2</span></a>) مَاكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا (<a name="18-4"><span style="color: red;">3</span></a>) وَيُنْذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ
وَلَدًا (<a name="18-5"><span style="color: red;">4</span></a>) الكهف </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">//(<a name="20-106"><span style="color: red;">105</span></a>)
فَيَذَرُهَا قَاعًا صَفْصَفًا (<a name="20-107"><span style="color: red;">106</span></a>)
لَا تَرَى فِيهَا <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(0, 176, 80); border-left: groove; border-right: ridge; border-style: ridge ridge groove groove; border-top: ridge; border-width: 7.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: #00B050; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 7.5pt; padding: 0cm;">عِوَجًا وَلَا أَمْتًا</span> (<a name="20-108"><span style="color: red;">107</span></a>)طه/</span></b></p>
<div style="background: rgb(221, 217, 195) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 7.5pt ridge rgb(0, 176, 80); mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 230; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #00B050 7.5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(221, 217, 195) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 230; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss #00B050 7.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 26pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">والعوج
هو الإنحراف البسيط في استقامة الساق او النخلة فما ظنك بقوم من مذهبهم أن يعوجوا
النصوص من استقامة عودها الي كسره عوجا لكي لا يبقي علي استقامته<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في الدنيا ولا في الاخرة </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> ========</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">المجاز والحقيقة في أصول السرخسي</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">أصول الفقه الاسلامي وضوابطه </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الاثنين، 12 أبريل 2021</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><a name="2996276190813412767"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://usolalfeqhwdwaptoh.blogspot.com/2021/04/blog-post.html"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">المجاز والحقيقة واستخدامهما في الشريعة الاسلامية
تعقيبا علي السرخسي الأصولي</span></a></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span dir="LTR"><a href="https://3thanwwy.blogspot.com/2021/04/2326.html"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أصول السرخسي / فصل فِي
بَيَان الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز حتي فصل فِي تَقْسِيم الْعلَّة ص 2/326</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></b></a></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[ </span></b><span dir="LTR"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/book-indx-008.htm"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فهرس
الكتاب</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> - </span></b><span dir="LTR"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/index-all.htm"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فهرس
المحتويات</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ] <br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أصول السرخسي / فصل فِي بَيَان الْحَقِيقَة
وَالْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قال السرخسي /<span style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); mso-border-bottom-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-color-alt: #632423; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-width-alt: 4.5pt; padding: 0cm;">الْحَقِيقَة</span> اسْم لكل لفظ هُوَ مَوْضُوع فِي الأَصْل
لشَيْء مَعْلُوم </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وهو مَأْخُوذ من قَوْلك <span style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); mso-border-alt: thin-thick-small-gap #632423 4.5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">حق يحِق
فَهُوَ حق</span> وحاق وحقيق وَلِهَذَا يُسمى أصلا أَيْضا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لِأَنَّهُ أصل فِيمَا هُوَ مَوْضُوع لَهُ</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="RTL"></span>1= وَالْمجَاز اسْم لكل لفظ
هُوَ مستعار لشَيْء غير مَا وضع لَهُ يعني مستبدل بالاسم الأصلي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ليدل علي المعني المراد تغييره<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2= قلت المدون / والضابط هو أسوار الكلمات الدالة علي
الحقيقة وهي التي توجه المجاز بكونه لن يغير في المدلول الأصلي من عدمه فلا يعقل
أن يكون الكلام الحقيقي علي الماء مثلا واستعير له لفظ يدل علي خلافه كتشبيه الماء
بالحديد الصلب مثلا وإذن لابد لاستقامة المعني المجازي أن يكون بينه وبين المعني
الحقيقي نسبة وتناسب موزونة بحيث لا يتحول المنسوب الناتج عن اللفظ المستعار <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الي تحريف المدلول الاصلي للجملة أو العبارة /</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3= هذه الأسوار المحددة للمعاني هي الصبغة التي فطر
الله الأسماء واللغة عليها بالضبط كما فطر سبحانه الخلية البشرية التي يتحدد في
شفرتها الوراثية تكاتر النوع <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بنفس أصوله
المحددة علي مر الأزمان لا ينحرف عن أصوله مثقال ذرة <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وبذلك نضمن الدلالات اللغوية لكل حرف وكلمة
وعبارة وجملة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لتستقيم المعاني بثباتها
المعهودة عليها منذ خلق الله الكون إلي أن تقوم الساعة فلفظ نوح سُوره الثابت يدل
علي كونه إسما لبشر دل عليه ثبات صبغته منذ أن بدأ الخلق إلي أن تقوم الساعة وبحيث
لا تختلط معاني الكلمة الواحدة أو الحرف أو الأداة أو أي اشتقاق لغوي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولا تتغير علي مر الأزمان بيد أن الدلالات تتغير
للضد باللعب في أسوارها بالتوسيع أو التضييق في أسوارها أعني<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بزيادة أسوارها أو تضيق أسوارها</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فزيادة سور عبارة والله لا يؤمن من بات شبعان وجاره
جائع وهو يعلم<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أدي الي تحويل نفي مطلق
الايمان عن جوهر الشخص<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إلي اثباته<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وتحميل الملامة علي الأعراض<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="نفي الايمان.png" border="0" height="388" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="620" /></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أو بتوسيع
سور العبارة أدي الي= اثبات الايمان المنفي في أصل الحديث + والتصميم علي اثباته
اي الايمان المنفي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولو بموت المنفي عنه
الايمان علي الاصرار علي الكبائر عياذا بالله الواحد <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">// قال السرخسي مستأنفا كلامه علي المجاز : </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); mso-border-bottom-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-color-alt: #632423; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-width-alt: 4.5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-color-alt: #632423; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-width-alt: 4.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">مفعل من
جَازَ يجوز سمي مجَازًا لتعديه عَن الْموضع الَّذِي وضع فِي الأَصْل لَهُ إِلَى
غَيره </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمِنْه قَول الرجل لغيره حبك إيَّايَ مجَاز </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أَي هُوَ بِاللِّسَانِ دون الْقلب الَّذِي هُوَ
مَوضِع الْحبّ فِي الأَصْل </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); mso-border-bottom-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-color-alt: #632423; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-width-alt: 4.5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-color-alt: #632423; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-small-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-small-gap; mso-border-width-alt: 4.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَهَذَا
الْوَعْد مِنْك مجَاز أَي الْقَصْد مِنْهُ الترويج دون التَّحْقِيق على مَا
عَلَيْهِ وضع الْوَعْد فِي الأَصْل </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلِهَذَا يُسمى مستعارا لِأَن الْمُتَكَلّم بِهِ
استعاره وبالاستعمال فِيمَا هُوَ مُرَاده بِمَنْزِلَة من اسْتعَار ثوبا للبس ولبسه
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وكل وَاحِد من النَّوْعَيْنِ مَوْجُود فِي كَلَام
الله تَعَالَى وَكَلَام النَّبِي صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم وَكَلَام النَّاس فِي
الْخطب والأشعار وَغير ذَلِك </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(1/170) </span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[قلت المدون هذا منتهي
الخطأ أن ينسب السرخسي لله ورسوله<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تواجد هذا
المجاز في كلام الله ورسوله بالإطلاق الفاضح هذا فالله الحق لا يتكلم الا بالحق
والمجاز درب من دروب الباطل الا بقيود مستيقنة والله لا يخضع سبحان لقيود لغوية أو
أي قيود <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لأنه الخالق مطلقا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>والخالق للغة وكل أحولها الممتنع في حق الله
الواحد خاصة في نصوص<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الاحكام والوعيد<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>والحساب والدينونة ]</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثم يهول السرخسي فيقول : <span style="color: red;">حَتَّى
كَاد الْمجَاز يغلب الْحَقِيقَة لِكَثْرَة الِاسْتِعْمَال</span>{وانا احيل كلام
السرخسي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هذا الي التصورات المرسلة والتي
ليست حقيقة خاصة في شأن الله ودينه الحق } ثم يستأنف السرخسي ويقول<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/ وَبِه اتَّسع اللِّسَان وَحسن مخاطبات
النَّاس بَينهم </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1. وَحكم الْحَقِيقَة وجود مَا وضع لَهُ أمرا كَانَ
أَو نهيا خَاصّا كَانَ أَو عَاما </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2. وَحكم الْمجَاز وجود مَا استعير لأَجله كَمَا هُوَ
حكم الْحَقِيقَة خَاصّا كَانَ أَو عَاما ... هكذا قال السرخسي وهو بذلك نقد علاقة
النسبة والتناسب التي قدم بها الكلام علي الحقيقة والمجاز عندما قال قبل أسطر {<span style="color: red;"> حَتَّى كَاد الْمجَاز يغلب الْحَقِيقَة لِكَثْرَة
الِاسْتِعْمَال</span>} وأسأله متي وأين وجدت المجاز كاد يغلب الحقيقة؟؟؟<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>... فلن تجد هذا في دين الله المنزل من لدن
الله ورسوله الا لو قصدت ما ألفه النووي وأصحابه من التأوليين ودخل في روعك أنه من
الدين والاسلام فأنت مخطأ لان اصحاب التأويل<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>صنعوا بفعلهم الفاضح شرعا موازيا باطلا مضادا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لشرع الله الحق أسسوه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>علي المجاز والمعاني غير الحقيقية والمستعارة
بلا دليل او برهان الا بأدلة ناقصة متشابة باطلة أدخلوها في نفوس الناس علي أنها
حق وهي غاية في البطلان كما صنع النووي في كتابه العار المنهاج في شرح صحيح مسلم
بن الحجاج المعروف بشرح النووي العار والدمار علي دين الاسلام ومنتهي مقصوده فيه
أن حرف أقوال النبي محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم وقلبها للضد . </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-small-gap #632423 4.5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; padding: 0cm;">قلت
المدون / قال السرخسي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>::</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن أَصْحَاب الشَّافِعِي رَحمَه الله من قَالَ لَا
عُمُوم للمجاز وَلِهَذَا قَالُوا إِن قَول رَسُول الله صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم
لَا تَبِيعُوا الطَّعَام بِالطَّعَامِ إِلَّا سَوَاء بِسَوَاء لَا يُعَارضهُ
حَدِيث ابْن عمر رَضِي الله عَنْهُمَا لَا تَبِيعُوا الدِّرْهَم بِالدِّرْهَمَيْنِ
وَلَا الصَّاع بالصاعين فَإِن المُرَاد بالصاع مَا يُكَال بِهِ وَهُوَ مجَاز لَا
عُمُوم لَهُ وبالإجماع المطعوم مُرَاد بِهِ فَيخرج مَا سواهُ من أَن يكون مرَادا
ويترجح قَوْله عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام لَا تَبِيعُوا الطَّعَام بِالطَّعَامِ لِأَنَّهُ
حَقِيقَة فِي مَوْضِعه فَيثبت الحكم بِهِ عَاما وَاسْتَدَلُّوا لإِثْبَات هَذِه
الْقَاعِدَة بِأَن الْمصير إِلَى الْمجَاز لأجل الْحَاجة والضرورة فَأَما الأَصْل
هُوَ الْحَقِيقَة فِي كل لفظ لِأَنَّهُ مَوْضُوع لَهُ فِي الأَصْل وَلِهَذَا لَا
يُعَارض الْمجَاز الْحَقِيقَة بالِاتِّفَاقِ حَتَّى لَا يصير اللَّفْظ فِي المتردد
بَين الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي حكم الْمُشْتَرك وَهَذِه الضَّرُورَة ترْتَفع
بِدُونِ إِثْبَات حكم الْعُمُوم للمجاز فَكَانَ الْمجَاز فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنى
بِمَنْزِلَة مَا ثَبت بطرِيق الِاقْتِضَاء فَكَمَا لَا تثبت هُنَاكَ صفة الْعُمُوم
لِأَن الضَّرُورَة ترْتَفع بِدُونِهِ فَكَذَلِك هَا هُنَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَكنَّا نقُول الْمجَاز أحد نَوْعي الْكَلَام
فَيكون بِمَنْزِلَة نوع آخر فِي احْتِمَال الْعُمُوم وَالْخُصُوص لِأَن الْعُمُوم
للْحَقِيقَة لَيْسَ بِاعْتِبَار معنى الْحَقِيقَة بل بِاعْتِبَار دَلِيل آخر دلّ
عَلَيْهِ فَإِن قَوْلنَا رجل اسْم لخاص فَإِذا قرن بِهِ الْألف وَاللَّام وَلَيْسَ
هُنَاكَ مَعْهُود ينْصَرف إِلَيْهِ بِعَيْنِه كَانَ للْجِنْس فَيكون عَاما بِهَذَا
الدَّلِيل وَكَذَا كل نكرَة إِذا قرن بهَا الْألف وَاللَّام فِيمَا لَا مَعْهُود
فِيهِ يكون عَاما بِهَذَا الدَّلِيل وَقد وجد هَذَا الدَّلِيل فِي الْمجَاز
وَالْمحل الَّذِي اسْتعْمل فِيهِ الْمجَاز قَابل للْعُمُوم فَتثبت بِهِ صفة
الْعُمُوم بدليله كَمَا ثَبت فِي الْحَقِيقَة وَلِهَذَا جعلنَا قَوْله (وَلَا
الصَّاع بالصاعين) عَاما لِأَن الصَّاع نكرَة قرن بهَا الْألف وَاللَّام وَمَا
يحويه الصَّاع مَحل لصفة الْعُمُوم </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَهَذَا </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">لِأَن
الْمجَاز مستعار ليَكُون قَائِما مقَام الْحَقِيقَة عَاملا عمله وَلَا يتَحَقَّق
ذَلِك إِلَّا بِإِثْبَات صفة الْعُمُوم فِيهِ أَلا ترى أَن الثَّوْب الملبوس
بطرِيق الْعَارِية يعْمل عمل الملبوس بطرِيق الْملك فِيمَا هُوَ الْمَقْصُود
وَهُوَ دفع الْحر وَالْبرد وَلَو لم يَجْعَل كَذَلِك لَكَانَ الْمُتَكَلّم بالمجاز
عَن اخْتِيَار مخلا بالغرض فَيكون مقصرا وَذَلِكَ غير مستحسن فِي الأَصْل وَقد ظهر
اسْتِحْسَان النَّاس للمجازات والاستعارات فَوق استحسانهم للفظ الَّذِي هُوَ
حَقِيقَة عرفنَا أَنه لَيْسَ فِي هَذِه الِاسْتِعَارَة تَقْصِير فِيمَا هُوَ
الْمَقْصُود وَأَن للمجاز من الْعَمَل مَا للْحَقِيقَة </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/ وَقَوْلهمْ إِن الْمجَاز يكون للضَّرُورَة بَاطِل
فَإِن الْمجَاز مَوْجُود فِي كتاب الله تَعَالَى وَالله تَعَالَى يتعالى عَن أَن
يلْحقهُ الْعَجز أَو الضَّرُورَة إِلَّا أَن التَّفَاوُت بَين الْحَقِيقَة
وَالْمجَاز فِي اللُّزُوم والدوام من حَيْثُ إِن الْحَقِيقَة لَا تحْتَمل النَّفْي
عَن موضعهَا وَالْمجَاز يحْتَمل ذَلِك <span style="border: 4.5pt double rgb(99, 36, 35); mso-border-alt: thin-thick-small-gap #632423 4.5pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">وَهُوَ
الْعَلامَة فِي معرفَة الْفرق بَينهمَا</span> ...</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن اسْم الْأَب حَقِيقَة للْأَب الْأَدْنَى فَلَا
يجوز نَفْيه عَنهُ بِحَال وَهُوَ مجَاز للْجدّ حَتَّى يجوز نَفْيه عَنهُ بِأَن
يُقَال إِنَّه جد وَلَيْسَ بأب وَلِهَذَا تترجح الْحَقِيقَة عِنْد التَّعَارُض
لِأَنَّهَا ألزم وأدوم وَالْمَطْلُوب بِكُل كلمة عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق مَا هِيَ
مَوْضُوعَة لَهُ فِي الأَصْل فيترجح ذَلِك حَتَّى يقوم دَلِيل الْمجَاز
بِمَنْزِلَة الملبوس يتَرَجَّح جِهَة الْملك للابس فِيهِ حَتَّى يقوم دَلِيل
الْعَارِية إِلَّا إِذا كَانَت الْحَقِيقَة مهجورة فَحِينَئِذٍ يتَعَيَّن الْمجَاز
لمعْرِفَة الْقَصْد إِلَى تَصْحِيح الْكَلَام وَينزل ذَلِك منزلَة دَلِيل
الِاسْتِثْنَاء وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا </span></b><u style="text-underline: dot-dot-dash;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;">لَو
حلف أَن لَا يَأْكُل من هَذِه الشَّجَرَة أَو من هَذَا الْقدر لَا ينْصَرف يَمِينه
إِلَى عينهَا وَإِنَّمَا ينْصَرف إِلَى ثَمَرَة الشَّجَرَة وَمَا يطْبخ فِي الْقدر
لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة مهجورة فَيتَعَيَّن الْمجَاز</span></u><u style="text-underline: dot-dot-dash;"><span dir="LTR" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-shading-themecolor: text1; mso-themecolor: background1;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></u><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو حلف لَا يَأْكُل من هَذِه الشَّاة ينْصَرف
يَمِينه إِلَى لَحمهَا لَا إِلَى لَبنهَا وسمنها لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة هُنَا غير
مهجورة فَإِن عين الشَّاة تُؤْكَل فتترجح الْحَقِيقَة على الْمجَاز عِنْد إِطْلَاق
اللَّفْظ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو حلف لَا يَأْكُل من هَذَا الدَّقِيق فقد قَالَ
بعض مَشَايِخنَا يَحْنَث إِذا أكل الدَّقِيق بِعَيْنِه لِأَنَّهُ مَأْكُول
وَالأَصَح أَنه لَا يَحْنَث لِأَن أكل عين الدَّقِيق مهجور فَيَنْصَرِف يَمِينه
إِلَى الْمجَاز وَهُوَ مَا يتَّخذ مِنْهُ الْخبز وَصَارَ دَلِيل الِاسْتِثْنَاء
بِهَذَا الدَّلِيل نَحْو دَلِيل الِاسْتِثْنَاء فِيمَن حلف أَن لَا يسكن هَذِه
الدَّار وَهُوَ ساكنها فَأخذ فِي النقلَة فِي الْحَال فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحْنَث
وَيصير </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/172) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ذَلِك الْقدر من السُّكْنَى مُسْتَثْنى لمعْرِفَة
مَقْصُوده وَهُوَ أَن يمْنَع نَفسه بِيَمِينِهِ عَمَّا فِي وَسعه دون مَا لَيْسَ
فِي وَسعه وعَلى هَذَا لَو حلف لَا يُطلق وَقد كَانَ علق الطَّلَاق بِشَرْط قبل
هَذِه الْيَمين فَوجدَ الشَّرْط لم يَحْنَث أَو كَانَ حلف بعد الْجرْح أَن لَا
يقتل فَمَاتَ الْمَجْرُوح لم يَحْنَث وَيجْعَل ذَلِك بِمَنْزِلَة دَلِيل
الِاسْتِثْنَاء بِمَعْرِِفَة مَقْصُوده</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن أَحْكَام الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز أَنَّهُمَا لَا
يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي لفظ وَاحِد فِي حَالَة وَاحِدَة على أَن يكون كل وَاحِد
مِنْهُمَا مرَادا بِحَال لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة أصل وَالْمجَاز مستعار وَلَا تصور
لكَون اللَّفْظ الْوَاحِد مُسْتَعْملا فِي مَوْضُوعه مستعارا فِي مَوضِع آخر سوى
مَوْضُوعه فِي حَالَة وَاحِدَة كَمَا لَا تصور لكَون الثَّوْب الْوَاحِد على
اللابس ملكا وعارية فِي وَقت وَاحِد وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {أَو
لامستم النِّسَاء} المُرَاد الْجِمَاع دون اللَّمْس بِالْيَدِ لِأَن الْجِمَاع
مُرَاد بالِاتِّفَاقِ حَتَّى يجوز التَّيَمُّم للْجنب بِهَذَا النَّص وَلَا
تَجْتَمِع الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز مرَادا بِاللَّفْظِ فَإِذا كَانَ الْمجَاز
مرَادا تتنحى الْحَقِيقَة وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا النَّص الْوَارِد فِي تَحْرِيم الْخمر
وَإِيجَاب الْحَد بشربه بِعَيْنِه لَا يتَنَاوَل سَائِر الْأَشْرِبَة المسكرة
حَتَّى لَا يجب الْحَد بهَا مَا لم تسكر لِأَن الِاسْم للنيء من مَاء الْعِنَب
المشتد حَقِيقَة ولسائر الْأَشْرِبَة المسكرة مجَازًا فَإِذا كَانَت الْحَقِيقَة
مرَادا يتَنَحَّى الْمجَاز وعَلى هَذَا الأَصْل قَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة رَحمَه الله
فِيمَن أوصى لبني فلَان أَو لأَوْلَاد فلَان وَله بنُون لصلبه وَأَوْلَاد
الْبَنِينَ فَإِن أَوْلَاد الْبَنِينَ لَا يسْتَحقُّونَ شَيْئا لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة
مُرَادة فيتنحى الْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَالَ فِي السّير إِذا استأمنوا على آبَائِهِم لَا
يدْخل أجدادهم فِي ذَلِك وَإِذا استأمنوا على أمهاتهم لَا تدخل الْجدَّات فِي
ذَلِك لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة مُرَادة فيتنحى الْمجَاز وعَلى هَذَا قَالَ فِي الْجَامِع
لَو أَن عَرَبيا لَا وَلَاء عَلَيْهِ أوصى لمواليه وَله معتقون ومعتق المعتقين
فَإِن الْوَصِيَّة لمعتقه وَلَيْسَ لمعتق الْمُعْتق شَيْء لِأَن الِاسْم للمعتقين
حَقِيقَة بِاعْتِبَار أَنه بَاشر سَبَب إحيائهم بإحداث قُوَّة الْمَالِكِيَّة فيهم
بِالْإِعْتَاقِ لِأَن الْحُرِّيَّة حَيَاة وَالرّق تلف حكما فَكَانُوا منسوبين </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/173) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">إِلَيْهِ بِالْوَلَاءِ حَقِيقَة كنسبة الْوَلَد إِلَى
أَبِيه وَأما مُعتق الْمُعْتق يُسمى مولى لَهُ مجَازًا لِأَنَّهُ بِالْإِعْتَاقِ
الأول جعله بِحَيْثُ يملك اكْتِسَاب سَبَب الْوَلَاء وَهُوَ الْإِعْتَاق فَيكون
متسببا فِي الْوَلَاء الثَّانِي من هَذَا الْوَجْه وَيُسمى مولى لَهُ مجَازًا
بطرِيق الِاتِّصَال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة فَإِذا صَارَت الْحَقِيقَة مرَادا
يتَنَحَّى الْمجَاز حَتَّى لَو لم يكن لَهُ معتقون فَالْوَصِيَّة لموَالِي
الموَالِي لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة هُنَا غير مُرَادة فَيتَعَيَّن الْمجَاز وَلَو كَانَ
لَهُ مُعتق وَاحِد وَالْوَصِيَّة بِلَفْظ الْجَمَاعَة فَاسْتحقَّ هُوَ نصف
الثُّلُث كَانَ الْبَاقِي مردودا على الْوَرَثَة وَلَا يكون لموَالِي الموَالِي من
ذَلِك شَيْء لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة هُنَا مُرَادة وَلَو كَانَ للْمُوصي موَالٍ أَعلَى
وأسفل لم تصح الْوَصِيَّة لِأَن الِاسْم مُشْتَرك وكل وَاحِد من الْفَرِيقَيْنِ يحْتَمل
أَن يكون مرَادا إِلَّا أَنه لَا وَجه للْجمع بَينهمَا وَإِثْبَات الْعُمُوم
لاخْتِلَاف الْمَعْنى وَالْمَقْصُود فَيبْطل أصل الْوَصِيَّة وَمَعْلُوم أَن
التغاير بَين الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز بِاعْتِبَار أصل الْوَضع وَفِي الِاسْم
الْمُشْتَرك لَا تغاير بِاعْتِبَار أصل الْوَضع ثمَّ لم يجز هُنَاكَ أَن يكون كل
وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا مرَادا بِاللَّفْظِ فِي حَالَة وَاحِدَة فَلِأَن لَا يجوز ذَلِك
فِي الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز أولى</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل هَذَا الأَصْل لَا يسْتَمر فِي الْمسَائِل
فَإِن من حلف أَن لَا يضع قدمه فِي دَار فلَان يَحْنَث إِذا دَخلهَا مَاشِيا كَانَ
أَو رَاكِبًا حافيا كَانَ أَو منتعلا وَحَقِيقَة وضع الْقدَم فِيهَا إِذا كَانَ
حافيا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَالَ يَوْم يقدم فلَان فامرأته كَذَا
فَقدم لَيْلًا أَو نَهَارا يَقع الطَّلَاق وَالِاسْم للنهار حَقِيقَة ولليل مجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو حلف لَا يدْخل دَار فلَان فَدخل دَارا يسكنهَا
فلَان عَارِية أَو بِأَجْر يَحْنَث كَمَا لَو دخل دَارا مَمْلُوكَة لَهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَفِي السّير قَالَ لَو استأمن على بنيه يدْخل بنوه
وَبَنُو بنيه وَلَو استأمن على موَالِيه وَهُوَ مِمَّن لَا وَلَاء عَلَيْهِ يدْخل
فِي الْأمان موَالِيه وموالي موَالِيه فقد جمعتم بَين الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي
هَذِه الْفُصُول</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة وَمُحَمّد إِذا قَالَ لله عَليّ
أَن أَصوم رَجَب وَنوى بِهِ الْيَمين كَانَ نذرا ويمينا وَاللَّفْظ للنذر حَقِيقَة
ولليمين مجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُف وَمُحَمّد رحمهمَا الله إِذا
حلف أَن لَا يشرب من الْفُرَات فَأخذ المَاء من الْفُرَات فِي كوز فشربه يَحْنَث
كَمَا لَو كرع فِي الْفُرَات وَلَو حلف </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/174) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">لَا يَأْكُل من هَذِه الْحِنْطَة فَأكل من خبزها
يَحْنَث كَمَا لَو أكل عينهَا وَفِي هَذَا جمع بَين الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي
اللَّفْظ فِي حَالَة وَاحِدَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قُلْنَا جَمِيع هَذِه الْمسَائِل تخرج مُسْتَقِيمًا
على مَا ذكرنَا من الأَصْل عِنْد التَّأَمُّل فقد ذكرنَا أَن الْمَقْصُود مُعْتَبر
وَأَنه ينزل ذَلِك منزلَة دَلِيل الِاسْتِثْنَاء</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَفِي مَسْأَلَة وضع الْقدَم مَقْصُود الْحَالِف
الِامْتِنَاع من الدُّخُول فَيصير بِاعْتِبَار مَقْصُوده كَأَنَّهُ حلف لَا يدْخل
وَالدُّخُول قد يكون حافيا وَقد يكون منتعلا وَقد يكون رَاكِبًا فَعِنْدَ
الدُّخُول حافيا يَحْنَث لَا بِاعْتِبَار حَقِيقَة وضع الْقدَم بل بِاعْتِبَار
الدُّخُول الَّذِي هُوَ الْمَقْصُود فَعرفنَا أَنه إِنَّمَا يَحْنَث فِي
الْمَوَاضِع كلهَا لعُمُوم الْمجَاز لَا لعُمُوم الْحَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْله يَوْم يقدم فلَان فالمقصود بِذكر
الْيَوْم هُنَا الْوَقْت لِأَنَّهُ قرن بِهِ مَا هُوَ غير ممتد وَلَا يخْتَص ببياض
النَّهَار وَالْيَوْم إِنَّمَا يكون عبارَة عَن بَيَاض النَّهَار إِذا قرن بِمَا
يَمْتَد ليصير معيارا لَهُ حَتَّى إِذا قَالَ أَمرك بِيَدِك يَوْم يقدم فلَان
فَقدم لَيْلًا لَا يصير الْأَمر بِيَدِهَا وَكَذَلِكَ إِذا قرن بِمَا يخْتَص
بِالنَّهَارِ كَقَوْلِه لله عَليّ أَن أَصوم الْيَوْم الَّذِي يقدم فِيهِ فلَان
فَأَما إِذا قرن بِمَا لَا يَمْتَد وَلَا يخْتَص بِأحد الْوَقْتَيْنِ يكون عبارَة
عَن الْوَقْت كَمَا فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {وَمن يولهم يَوْمئِذٍ دبره} وَاسم
الْوَقْت يعم اللَّيْل وَالنَّهَار فلعموم الْمجَاز قُلْنَا بِأَنَّهَا تطلق فِي
الْوَجْهَيْنِ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى إِذا قَالَ لَيْلَة يقدم فلَان فَقدم نَهَارا لم
تطلق لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة هُنَا مُرَادة فيتنحى الْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَفِي مَسْأَلَة دُخُول دَار فلَان الْمَقْصُود
إِضَافَة السُّكْنَى وَذَلِكَ يعم السُّكْنَى بطرِيق الْملك وَالْعَارِية وَإِذا
دخل دَارا يسكنهَا فلَان بِالْملكِ إِنَّمَا يَحْنَث لعُمُوم الْمجَاز لَا للْملك
حَتَّى لَو كَانَ السَّاكِن فِيهَا غير فلَان لم يَحْنَث وَإِن كَانَت مَمْلُوكَة
لفُلَان</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَفِي مَسْأَلَتي السّير قِيَاس واستحسان فِي
الْقيَاس يتَنَحَّى الْمجَاز فِي الْأمان كَمَا فِي الْوَصِيَّة وَفِي
الِاسْتِحْسَان قَالَ الْمَقْصُود من الْأمان حقن الدَّم وَهُوَ مَبْنِيّ على
التَّوَسُّع وَاسم الْأَبْنَاء والموالي من حَيْثُ الظَّاهِر يتَنَاوَل الْفُرُوع
إِلَّا أَن الْحَقِيقَة تتقدم على الْمجَاز فِي كَونه مرَادا وَلَكِن مُجَرّد
الصُّورَة تبقى شبهته فِي حقن الدَّم كَمَا ثَبت الْأمان بِمُجَرَّد الْإِشَارَة
من الْفَارِس إِذا دَعَا الْكَافِر بهَا إِلَى نَفسه لصورة المسالمة وَإِن لم يكن
ذَلِك حَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل لماذا لم تعْتَبر هَذِه الصُّورَة فِي
إِثْبَات الْأمان للأجداد والجدات عِنْد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/175) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الاستئمان على الْآبَاء والأمهات قُلْنَا لِأَن
الْحَقِيقَة إِذا صَارَت مرَادا فاعتبار هَذِه الصُّورَة لثُبُوت الحكم فِي مَحل
آخر يكون بطرِيق التّبعِيَّة لَا محَالة وَبَنُو الْبَنِينَ وموالي الموَالِي
تلِيق صفة التّبعِيَّة بحالهم فَأَما الأجداد والجدات لَا يكونُونَ تبعا للآباء
والأمهات وهم الْأُصُول فَلهَذَا ترك اعْتِبَار الصُّورَة هُنَاكَ فِي إِثْبَات
الْأمان لَهُم فَأَما مَسْأَلَة النّذر فقد قيل معنى النّذر هُنَاكَ يثبت بِلَفْظ
وَمعنى الْيَمين بِلَفْظ آخر فَإِن قَوْله لله عِنْد إِرَادَة الْيَمين كَقَوْلِه
بِاللَّه إِذْ الْبَاء وَاللَّام تتعاقبان قَالَ ابْن عَبَّاس رَضِي الله
عَنْهُمَا دخل آدم الْجنَّة فَللَّه مَا غربت الشَّمْس حَتَّى خرج وَقَوله عَليّ
نذر وَنحن إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرْنَا اجْتِمَاع الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي لفظ وَاحِد
مَعَ أَن تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَة نذر بصيغتها يَمِين بموجبها إِذا أَرَادَ الْيَمين
لِأَن مُوجبهَا وجوب الْمَنْذُور بِهِ وَإِيجَاب الْمُبَاح يَمِين كتحريم
الْحَلَال الْمُبَاح وَهُوَ نَظِير شِرَاء الْقَرِيب تملك بصيغته وإعتاق بِمُوجبِه</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَأما مَسْأَلَة الشّرْب من الْفُرَات فالحنث
عِنْدهَا بِاعْتِبَار عُمُوم الْمجَاز لِأَن الْمَقْصُود شرب مَاء الْفُرَات وَلَا
تَنْقَطِع هَذِه النِّسْبَة بِجعْل المَاء فِي الْإِنَاء وَعند الكرع إِنَّمَا
يَحْنَث لِأَنَّهُ شرب مَاء الْفُرَات حَتَّى لَو تحول من الْفُرَات إِلَى نهر آخر
لم يَحْنَث إِن شرب مِنْهُ لِأَن النِّسْبَة قد انْقَطَعت عَن الْفُرَات بالتحول
إِلَى نهر آخر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَأَبُو حنيفَة رَحمَه الله اعْتبر الْحَقِيقَة قَالَ
الشّرْب من الْفُرَات حَقِيقَة مُعْتَادَة غير مهجورة وَإِنَّمَا يتَنَاوَل هَذَا
اللَّفْظ المَاء بطرِيق الْمجَاز عَن قَوْلهم جرى النَّهر أَي المَاء فِيهَا
وَإِذا صَارَت الْحَقِيقَة مرَادا يتَنَحَّى الْمجَاز وَكَذَلِكَ فِي مَسْأَلَة
الْحِنْطَة أَبُو حنيفَة اعْتبر الظَّاهِر فَقَالَ عين الْحِنْطَة مَأْكُول وَهُوَ
مُرَاد مَقْصُود فيتنحى الْمجَاز وهما جعلا ذكر الْحِنْطَة عبارَة عَمَّا فِي بَاطِنهَا
مجَازًا للْعُرْف فَإِنَّهُ يُقَال أهل بَلْدَة كَذَا يَأْكُلُون الْحِنْطَة
وَالْمرَاد مَا فِيهَا من عين الْحِنْطَة وَإِنَّمَا يَحْنَث لعُمُوم الْمجَاز
وَهُوَ أَنه تنَاول مَا فِيهَا وَهَذَا مَوْجُود فِيمَا إِذا أكل من خبزها فَخرجت
الْمسَائِل على هَذَا الْحَرْف وَهُوَ اعْتِبَار عُمُوم الْمجَاز بِمَعْرِِفَة
الْمَقْصُود لَا بِاعْتِبَار الْجمع بَين الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/176) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قَالَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ وَقد رَأَيْت بعض
الْعِرَاقِيّين من أَصْحَابنَا رَحِمهم الله قَالُوا إِن الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز
لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي لفظ وَاحِد فِي مَحل وَاحِد وَلَكِن فِي محلين مُخْتَلفين
يجوز أَن يجتمعا وَهَذَا قريب بِشَرْط أَن لَا يكون الْمجَاز مزاحما للْحَقِيقَة
مدخلًا للْجِنْس على صَاحب الْحَقِيقَة فَإِن الثَّوْب الْوَاحِد على اللابس يجوز
أَن يكون نصفه ملكا وَنصفه عَارِية وَقد قُلْنَا فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {حرمت
عَلَيْكُم أُمَّهَاتكُم وبناتكم} إِنَّه يتَنَاوَل الْجدَّات وَبَنَات الْبَنَات
وَالِاسْم للْأُم حَقِيقَة وللجدات مجَاز وَكَذَلِكَ اسْم الْبَنَات لبنات الصلب
حَقِيقَة ولأولاد الْبَنَات مجَاز وَكَذَلِكَ فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَا
تنْكِحُوا مَا نكح آباؤكم} فَإِنَّهُ مُوجب حُرْمَة مَنْكُوحَة الْجد كَمَا يُوجب
حُرْمَة مَنْكُوحَة الْأَب فَعرفنَا أَنه يجوز الْجمع بَينهمَا فِي لفظ وَاحِد
وَلَكِن فِي محلين مُخْتَلفين حَتَّى يكون حَقِيقَة فِي أَحدهمَا مجَازًا فِي
الْمحل الآخر وَهَذَا بِخِلَاف الْمُشْتَرك فالاحتمال هُنَاكَ بِاعْتِبَار مَعَاني
مُخْتَلفَة وَلَا تصور لِاجْتِمَاع تِلْكَ الْمعَانِي فِي كلمة وَاحِدَة وَهنا
تجمع الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي احْتِمَال الصِّيغَة لكل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا معنى
وَاحِدًا وَهُوَ الْأَصَالَة فِي الْآبَاء والأجداد والأمهات والجدات والولاد فِي
حق الْأَوْلَاد وَلَكِن بَعْضهَا بِوَاسِطَة وَبَعضهَا بِغَيْر وَاسِطَة فَيكون
هَذَا نَظِير مَا قَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة رَحمَه الله فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى
{فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدا طيبا} إِنَّه يتَنَاوَل جَمِيع أَجنَاس الأَرْض
بِاعْتِبَار معنى يجمع الْكل وَهُوَ التصاعد من الأَرْض وَإِن كَانَ الِاسْم
للتراب حَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان الْفرق بَين الْمُشْتَرك وَبَين الْمجَاز
مَعَ الْحَقِيقَة فِي الْمَعْنى الَّذِي ذكرنَا فِيمَا قَالَ فِي السّير لَو
استأمن لمواليه وَله موَالٍ أَعلَى وأسفل فالأمان لأحد الْفَرِيقَيْنِ وَهُوَ مَا
أَرَادَهُ الَّذِي آمنهُ وَإِن لم يرد شَيْئا يَأْمَن الْفَرِيقَانِ بِاعْتِبَار
أَن الْأمان يتَنَاوَل أَحدهمَا لَا بِاعْتِبَار أَنه يتناولهما لِأَن الِاسْم
مُشْتَرك وبمثله لَو كَانَ لَهُ موَالٍ وموالي موَالٍ ثَبت الْأمان
لِلْفَرِيقَيْنِ جَمِيعًا بِاعْتِبَار أَنه يجوز أَن يكون اللَّفْظ الْوَاحِد
عَاملا بحقيقته فِي مَوضِع وبمجازه فِي مَوضِع آخر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ طَرِيق معرفَة الْحَقِيقَة السماع لِأَن الأَصْل
فِيهِ الْوَضع وَلَا يصير ذَلِك مَعْلُوما إِلَّا بِالسَّمَاعِ بِمَنْزِلَة الْمَنْصُوص
فِي أَحْكَام الشَّرْع وَطَرِيق الْوُقُوف عَلَيْهَا السماع فَقَط </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/177) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَإِنَّمَا طَرِيق معرفَة الْمجَاز الْوُقُوف على
مَذْهَب الْعَرَب فِي الِاسْتِعَارَة دون السماع بِمَنْزِلَة الْقيَاس فِي
أَحْكَام الشَّرْع فَإِن طَرِيق تَعديَة حكم النَّص إِلَى الْفُرُوع مَعْلُوم
وَهُوَ التَّأَمُّل فِي مَعَاني النَّص وَاخْتِيَار الْوَصْف الْمُؤثر مِنْهَا
لتعدية الحكم بهَا إِلَى الْفُرُوع فَإِذا وقف مُجْتَهد على ذَلِك وَأصَاب طَرِيقه
كَانَ ذَلِك مسموعا مِنْهُ وَإِن لم يسْبق بِهِ فَكَذَلِك فِي الِاسْتِعَارَة إِذا
وقف إِنْسَان على معنى تجوز الِاسْتِعَارَة بِهِ عِنْد الْعَرَب فاستعار بذلك
الْمَعْنى وَاسْتعْمل لفظا فِي مَوضِع كَانَ مسموعا مِنْهُ وَإِن لم يسْبق بِهِ
وعَلى هَذَا يجْرِي كَلَام البلغاء من الخطباء وَالشعرَاء فِي كل وَقت</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَنَقُول طَرِيق الِاسْتِعَارَة عِنْد الْعَرَب
الِاتِّصَال والاتصال بَين الشَّيْئَيْنِ يكون صُورَة أَو معنى فَإِن كل مَوْجُود
مُتَصَوّر تكون لَهُ صُورَة وَمعنى فالاتصال لَا يكون إِلَّا بِاعْتِبَار
الصُّورَة أَو بِاعْتِبَار الْمَعْنى</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَأَما الِاسْتِعَارَة للاتصال معنى فنحو تَسْمِيَة
الْعَرَب الشجاع أسدا للاتصال بَينهمَا فِي معنى الشجَاعَة وَالْقُوَّة والبليد
حمارا لاتصال بَينهمَا فِي معنى البلادة والاستعارة للاتصال صُورَة نَحْو
تَسْمِيَة الْعَرَب الْمَطَر سَمَاء فَإِنَّهُم يَقُولُونَ مَا زلنا نَطَأ
السَّمَاء حَتَّى أَتَيْنَاكُم يعنون الْمَطَر لِأَنَّهَا تنزل من السَّحَاب
وَالْعرب تسمي كل مَا علا فَوْقك سَمَاء وَيكون نزُول الْمَطَر من علو فَسَموهُ
سَمَاء مجَازًا للاتصال صُورَة وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {أَو جَاءَ أحد مِنْكُم من
الْغَائِط} وَالْغَائِط اسْم للمطمئن من الأَرْض وَسمي الْحَدث بِهِ مجَازًا لِأَن
يكون فِي المطمئن من الأَرْض عَادَة وَهَذَا اتِّصَال من حَيْثُ الصُّورَة وَقَالَ
تَعَالَى </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أَو
لامستم النِّسَاء} وَالْمرَاد الْجِمَاع لِأَن اللَّمْس سَببه صُورَة فَسَماهُ
بِهِ مجَازًا وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {إِنِّي أَرَانِي أعصر خمرًا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>} </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَإِنَّمَا
يعصر الْعِنَب وَهُوَ مُشْتَمل على السّفل وَالْمَاء والقشر إِلَّا أَنه بالعصر
يصير خمرًا فِي أَوَانه فَسَماهُ بِهِ مجَازًا لاتصال بَينهمَا فِي الذَّات صُورَة
فسلكنا فِي الْأَسْبَاب الشَّرْعِيَّة والعلل هذَيْن الطَّرِيقَيْنِ فِي
الِاسْتِعَارَة وَقُلْنَا يَصح الِاسْتِعَارَة للاتصال سَببا فَإِنَّهُ نَظِير
الِاسْتِعَارَة للاتصال صُورَة فِي المحسوسات وللاتصال فِي الْمَعْنى الْمَشْرُوع
الَّذِي جَاءَ لأَجله شرع يصلح الِاسْتِعَارَة وَهُوَ نَظِير الِاتِّصَال معنى فِي
المحسوسات فَإِنَّهُ لَا خلاف بَين الْعلمَاء </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/178) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أَن صَلَاحِية الِاسْتِعَارَة غير مُخْتَصّ بطرِيق
اللُّغَة وَأَن الِاتِّصَال فِي الْمعَانِي وَالْأَحْكَام الشَّرْعِيَّة يصلح
للاستعارة وَهَذَا لِأَن الِاسْتِعَارَة للقرب والاتصال وَذَلِكَ يتَحَقَّق فِي
المحسوس وَغير المحسوس فالأحكام الشَّرْعِيَّة قَائِمَة بمعناها مُتَعَلقَة
بأسبابها فَتكون مَوْجُودَة حكما بِمَنْزِلَة الْمَوْجُود حسا فَيتَحَقَّق معنى
الْقرب والاتصال فِيهَا وَلِأَن المشروعات إِذا تَأَمَّلت فِي أَسبَابهَا وَجدتهَا
دَالَّة على الحكم الْمَطْلُوب بهَا بِاعْتِبَار أصل اللُّغَة فِيمَا تكون معقولة
الْمَعْنى وَالْكَلَام فِيهِ وَلَا اسْتِعَارَة فِيمَا لَا يعقل مَعْنَاهُ أَلا
ترى أَن البيع مَشْرُوع لإِيجَاب الْملك وموضوع لَهُ أَيْضا فِي اللُّغَة وَقد
اتّفق الْعلمَاء فِي جَوَاز اسْتِعَارَة لفظ التَّحْرِير لإيقاع الطَّلَاق بِهِ
وَجوز الشَّافِعِي رَحمَه الله اسْتِعَارَة لفظ الطَّلَاق لإيقاع الْعتْق بِهِ
وَالْأَئِمَّة من السّلف استعملوا الِاسْتِعَارَة بِهَذَا الطَّرِيق أَيْضا وَكتاب
الله تَعَالَى نَاطِق بذلك يَعْنِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {وَامْرَأَة مُؤمنَة إِن وهبت
نَفسهَا للنَّبِي إِن أَرَادَ النَّبِي أَن يستنكحها} فَإِن الله تَعَالَى جعل
هبتها نَفسهَا جَوَابا للاستنكاح وَهُوَ طلب النِّكَاح وَلَا خلاف أَن نِكَاح
رَسُول الله صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم كَانَ ينْعَقد بِلَفْظ الْهِبَة على سَبِيل
الِاسْتِعَارَة لَا على سَبِيل حَقِيقَة الْهِبَة فَإِن الْهِبَة لتمليك المَال فَلَا
يكون عَاملا بحقيقتها فِيمَا لَيْسَ بِمَال وَلِأَنَّهَا لَا توجب الْملك إِلَّا
بِالْقَبْضِ فِيمَا كَانَت حَقِيقَة فِيهِ فَكيف فِيمَا لَيست بِحَقِيقَة فِيهِ
فَعرفنَا أَنَّهَا اسْتِعَارَة قَامَت مقَام النِّكَاح بطرِيق الْمجَاز وَكَذَلِكَ
كَانَ يتَعَلَّق بنكاحه حكم الْقسم وَالطَّلَاق وَالْعدة وَإِن كَانَ معقودا
بِلَفْظ الْهِبَة فَعرفنَا أَنه كَانَ بطرِيق الِاسْتِعَارَة على معنى أَن
اللَّفْظ مَتى صَار مجَازًا عَن غَيره سقط اعْتِبَار حَقِيقَته وَصَارَ
التَّكَلُّم بِهِ كالتكلم بِمَا هُوَ مجَاز عَنهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ لَيْسَ للرسالة أثر فِي معنى الخصوصية بِوُجُوه
الْكَلَام فَإِن معنى الخصوصية هُوَ التَّخْفِيف والتوسعة وَمَا كَانَ يلْحقهُ حرج
فِي اسْتِعْمَال لفظ النِّكَاح فقد كَانَ أفْصح النَّاس وَهَذِه جملَة لَا خلاف
فِيهَا إِلَّا أَن الشَّافِعِي رَحمَه الله قَالَ نِكَاح غَيره لَا ينْعَقد
بِهَذَا اللَّفْظ لِأَنَّهُ عقد مَشْرُوع لمقاصد لَا تحصى مِمَّا يرجع إِلَى
مصَالح الدّين وَالدُّنْيَا وَلَفظ النِّكَاح وَالتَّزْوِيج يدل على ذَلِك
بِاعْتِبَار أَنَّهَا تبتنى على الِاتِّحَاد فالتزويج تلفيق بَين الشَّيْئَيْنِ
على وَجه يثبت بِهِ الِاتِّحَاد بَينهمَا فِي الْمَقْصُود كزوجي الْخُف ومصراعي
بمصالح الْمَعيشَة وَلَيْسَ فِي هذَيْن اللَّفْظَيْنِ مَا يدل على التَّمْلِيك
بِاعْتِبَار أصل الْوَضع وَلِهَذَا لَا يثبت ملك الْعين بهما فالألفاظ
الْمَوْضُوعَة لإِيجَاب ملك الْعين فِيهَا قُصُور فِيمَا هُوَ الْمَقْصُود
بِالنِّكَاحِ إِلَّا أَن فِي حق رَسُول الله صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم كَانَ
ينْعَقد نِكَاحه بِهَذَا اللَّفْظ مَعَ قُصُور فِيهِ تَخْفِيفًا عَلَيْهِ وتوسعة
للغات عَلَيْهِ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">خَالِصَة لَك} وَفِي حق الْبَاب وَالنِّكَاح </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/179) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">بِمَعْنى الضَّم الَّذِي ينبىء عَن الِاتِّحَاد
بَينهمَا فِي الْقيام غَيره لَا يصلح هَذَا اللَّفْظ لانعقاد النِّكَاح بِهِ لما
فِيهِ من الْقُصُور وَهُوَ معنى مَا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّه عقد خَاص شرع بِلَفْظ خَاص</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَنَظِيره الشَّهَادَة فَإِنَّهَا مَشْرُوعَة بِلَفْظ
خَاص فَلَا تصلح بِلَفْظ آخر لقُصُور فِيهِ حَتَّى إِذا قَالَ الشَّاهِد أَحْلف
لَا يكون شَهَادَة لِأَن لفظ الْحلف مُوجب بِغَيْرِهِ وَلَفظ الشَّهَادَة مُوجب
بِنَفسِهِ قَالَ تَعَالَى {شهد الله أَنه لَا إِلَه إِلَّا هُوَ} وَكَذَلِكَ لفظ
الْهِبَة لَا تَنْعَقِد بِهِ الْمُعَاوضَة الْمَحْضَة وَهِي البيع ابْتِدَاء
وَكَأن ذَلِك لقُصُور فِيهَا وَفِي صفة الْمُعَاوضَة النِّكَاح أبلغ من البيع
وعَلى هَذَا الأَصْل لم يجوزوا نقل الْأَخْبَار بِالْمَعْنَى من غير مُرَاعَاة
اللَّفْظ وَلَكنَّا نقُول النِّكَاح مُوجب ملك الْمُتْعَة وَهَذِه الْأَلْفَاظ فِي
مَحل ملك الْمُتْعَة توجب ملك الْمُتْعَة تبعا لملك الرَّقَبَة فَإِنَّهَا توجب
ملك الرَّقَبَة وَملك الرَّقَبَة يُوجب ملك الْمُتْعَة فِي مَحَله فَكَانَ
بَينهمَا اتِّصَالًا من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة وَهُوَ طَرِيق صَالح للاستعارة وَلَا
حَاجَة إِلَى النِّيَّة لِأَن هَذَا الْمحل الَّذِي أضيف إِلَيْهِ مُتَعَيّن
لهَذَا الْمجَاز وَهُوَ النِّكَاح وَالْحَاجة إِلَى النِّيَّة عِنْد الِاشْتِبَاه
للتعيين وَمَا ذكرُوا من مَقَاصِد النِّكَاح فَهِيَ لكَونهَا غير محصورة
بِمَنْزِلَة الثَّمَرَة كَمَا هُوَ الْمَطْلُوب من هَذَا العقد فَأَما الْمَقْصُود
فإثبات الْملك عَلَيْهَا وَلِهَذَا وَجب الْبَدَل لَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَلَو كَانَ
الْمَقْصُود مَا سواهَا من الْمَقَاصِد لم يجب الْبَدَل لَهَا عَلَيْهِ لِأَن
تِلْكَ الْمَقَاصِد مُشْتَركَة بَينهمَا وَكَذَلِكَ جعل الطَّلَاق بيد الزَّوْج
لِأَنَّهُ هُوَ الْمَالِك فإليه إِزَالَة الْملك وَإِذا ثَبت أَن الْمَقْصُود هُوَ
الْملك وَهَذِه الْأَلْفَاظ مَوْضُوعَة لإِيجَاب الْملك ثمَّ لما انْعَقَد هَذَا
العقد بِلَفْظ غير مَوْضُوع لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ الْمَقْصُود وَهُوَ الْملك فَلِأَن </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/180) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ينْعَقد بِلَفْظ مَوْضُوع لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ
الْمَقْصُود وَهُوَ الْملك كَانَ أولى وَإِنَّمَا انْعَقَد هَذَا العقد بِلَفْظ
النِّكَاح وَالتَّزْوِيج وَإِن لم يوضعا لإِيجَاب الْملك بهما فِي الأَصْل
لِأَنَّهُمَا جعلا علما فِي إِثْبَات هَذَا الْملك بهما وَمَا يكون علما لشَيْء
بِعَيْنِه فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَة النَّص فِيهِ فَيثبت الحكم بِهِ بِعَيْنِه وَلِهَذَا
لم ينْعَقد بهما الْأَسْبَاب الْمُوجبَة لملك الْعين فَأَما الْأَلْفَاظ
الْمَوْضُوعَة لإِيجَاب الْملك لَا يَنْتَفِي باسم الْعلم عَن هَذَا الْمحل وَقد
تقرر صَلَاحِية الِاسْتِعَارَة بالاتصال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة فَيثبت هَذَا
الْملك بهَا بطرِيق الِاسْتِعَارَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل الِاتِّصَال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة لَا
يخْتَص بِأحد الْجَانِبَيْنِ بل يكون من الْجَانِبَيْنِ جَمِيعًا ثمَّ لم يعْتَبر
هَذَا الِاتِّصَال والقرب فِي إِثْبَات ملك الرَّقَبَة بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي هُوَ
مَوْضُوع لإِيجَاب ملك الْمُتْعَة فَكَذَلِك لَا يعْتَبر هَذَا الِاتِّصَال
لإِثْبَات ملك الْمُتْعَة بِاللَّفْظِ الْمَوْضُوع لإِثْبَات ملك الرَّقَبَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قُلْنَا الِاتِّصَال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة نَوْعَانِ
أَحدهمَا اتِّصَال الحكم بِالْعِلَّةِ وَذَلِكَ مُعْتَبر فِي صَلَاحِية
الِاسْتِعَارَة من الْجَانِبَيْنِ لِأَن الْعلَّة غير مَطْلُوبَة لعينها بل
لثُبُوت الحكم بهَا وَالْحكم لَا يثبت بِدُونِ الْعلَّة فَيتَحَقَّق معنى الْقرب
والاتصال لافتقار كل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا إِلَى الآخر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان هَذَا فِيمَا قَالَ فِي الْجَامِع إِذا
قَالَ إِن ملكت عبدا فَهُوَ حر فَاشْترى نصف عبد ثمَّ بَاعه ثمَّ اشْترى النّصْف
الثَّانِي لَا يعْتق فَإِن قَالَ عنيت الْملك مُتَفَرقًا كَانَ أَو مجتمعا يدين
فِي الْقَضَاء وَفِيمَا بَينه وَبَين الله تَعَالَى وَيعتق النّصْف الْبَاقِي فِي
ملكه</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو قَالَ إِن اشْتريت عبدا فَهُوَ حر فَاشْترى
نصفه فَبَاعَهُ ثمَّ اشْترى النّصْف الْبَاقِي يعْتق هَذَا النّصْف فَإِن قَالَ
عنيت الشِّرَاء مجتمعا يدين فِيمَا بَينه وَبَين الله تَعَالَى فَلَا يعْتق هَذَا
النّصْف وَقيل الشِّرَاء مُوجب للْملك وَالْملك حكم الشِّرَاء فيصلح أَن يكون ذكر
الْملك مستعارا عَن ذكر الشِّرَاء إِذا نوى التَّفَرُّق فِيهِ وَيصْلح أَن يكون
ذكر الشِّرَاء مستعارا عَن ذكر الْملك إِذا نوى الِاجْتِمَاع فِيهِ حَتَّى يعْمل
بنيته من حَيْثُ الدّيانَة فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ وَلَكِن فِيمَا فِيهِ تَخْفيف
عَلَيْهِ لَا يدين فِي الْقَضَاء للتُّهمَةِ وَفِيمَا فِيهِ تَشْدِيد عَلَيْهِ
يدين لانْتِفَاء التُّهْمَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَالنَّوْع الآخر اتِّصَال الْفَرْع بِالْأَصْلِ
وَالْحكم بِالسَّبَبِ فَإِن بِهَذَا الِاتِّصَال تصلح اسْتِعَارَة الأَصْل للفرع
وَالسَّبَب للْحكم وَلَا تصلح اسْتِعَارَة الْفَرْع للْأَصْل </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/181) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَالْحكم للسبب لِأَن الأَصْل مستغن عَن الْفَرْع
وَالْفرع مُحْتَاج إِلَى الأَصْل لِأَنَّهُ تَابع لَهُ فَيصير معنى الِاتِّصَال
مُعْتَبرا فِيمَا هُوَ مُحْتَاج إِلَيْهِ دون مَا هُوَ مُسْتَغْنى عَنهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَهُوَ نَظِير الْجُمْلَة النَّاقِصَة إِذا عطفت على
الْجُمْلَة الْكَامِلَة فَإِنَّهُ يعْتَبر اتِّصَال الْجُمْلَة النَّاقِصَة
بالكاملة فِيمَا يرجع إِلَى إِكْمَال النَّاقِصَة لحاجتها إِلَى ذَلِك حَتَّى
يتَوَقَّف أول الْكَلَام على آخِره وَلَا يعْتَبر اتِّصَال النَّاقِص بالكامل فِي
حكم الْكَامِل لِأَنَّهُ مُسْتَغْنى عَنهُ فَملك الرَّقَبَة سَبَب ملك الْمُتْعَة
بَينهمَا اتِّصَال من هَذَا الْوَجْه فَلهَذَا جَازَ اسْتِعَارَة السَّبَب للْحكم
وَلَا يجوز اسْتِعَارَة الحكم للسبب وَاللَّفْظ الْمَوْضُوع لإِيجَاب ملك الرَّقَبَة
يجوز أَن يستعار لإِيجَاب ملك الْمُتْعَة والموضوع لإِيجَاب ملك الْمُتْعَة لَا
يصلح مستعارا لإِيجَاب ملك الرَّقَبَة وَلِهَذَا الطَّرِيق قُلْنَا إِن لفظ
التَّحْرِير عَامل فِي إِيقَاع الطَّلَاق بِهِ مجَازًا لِأَنَّهَا مَوْضُوعَة
لإِزَالَة ملك الرَّقَبَة وزوالها سَبَب لزوَال ملك الْمُتْعَة إِلَّا أَنه لَا
يعْمل بِدُونِ النِّيَّة لِأَن الْمحل الْمُضَاف إِلَيْهِ غير مُتَعَيّن لهَذَا
الْمجَاز بل هُوَ مَحل لحقيقة الْوَصْف بِالْحُرِّيَّةِ فَيحْتَاج إِلَى النِّيَّة
ليتعين فِيهَا الِاسْتِعْمَال بطرِيق الْمجَاز وَلَفظ الطَّلَاق لَا يحصل بِهِ
الْعتْق لِأَنَّهُ مَوْضُوع لإِزَالَة ملك الْمُتْعَة وَزَوَال ملك الْمُتْعَة
لَيْسَ بِسَبَب لزوَال ملك الرَّقَبَة بل هُوَ حكم ذَلِك السَّبَب فَلَا يصلح
اسْتِعَارَة الحكم للسبب كَمَا لَا يصلح اسْتِعَارَة الْفَرْع للْأَصْل لكَونه مُسْتَغْنى
عَنهُ وَلَكِن الشَّافِعِي رَحمَه الله جوز هَذِه الِاسْتِعَارَة أَيْضا للقرب
بَينهمَا من حَيْثُ المشابهة فِي الْمَعْنى وكل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا إِزَالَة بطرِيق
الْإِبْطَال مَبْنِيّ على الْغَلَبَة والسراية غير مُحْتَمل للْفَسْخ مُحْتَمل
للتعليق بِالشّرطِ والإيجاب فِي الْمَجْهُول فللمناسبة بَينهمَا فِي هَذَا
الْمَعْنى جوز اسْتِعَارَة كل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا للْآخر وَلَكنَّا نقُول
الْمُنَاسبَة فِي الْمَعْنى صَالح للاستعارة لَكِن لَا بِكُل وصف بل بِالْوَصْفِ
الَّذِي يخْتَص بِكُل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا أَلا ترى أَنه لَا يُسمى الجبان أسدا وَلَا
الشجاع حمارا للمناسبة بَينهمَا من حَيْثُ الحيوانية والوجود وَمَا أشبه ذَلِك
وَيُسمى الشجاع أسدا للمناسبة بَينهمَا فِي الْوَصْف الْخَاص وَهُوَ الشجَاعَة
وَهَذَا لِأَن اعْتِبَار هَذِه الْمُنَاسبَة بَينهمَا للاستعارة بِمَنْزِلَة اعْتِبَار
الْمَعْنى فِي الْمَنْصُوص لتعدية الحكم بِهِ إِلَى الْفُرُوع ثمَّ لَا يَسْتَقِيم
تَعْلِيل النَّص بِكُل </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/182) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وصف بل بِوَصْف لَهُ أثر فِي ذَلِك الحكم لِأَنَّهُ
لَو جوز التَّعْلِيل بِكُل وصف انْعَدم معنى الِابْتِلَاء أصلا فَكَذَلِك هَهُنَا
لَو صححنا الِاسْتِعَارَة للمناسبة فِي أَي معنى كَانَ ارْتَفع معنى الامتحان
واستوى الْعَالم وَالْجَاهِل فَعرفنَا أَنه إِنَّمَا تعْتَبر الْمُنَاسبَة فِي
الْوَصْف الْخَاص وَلَا مُنَاسبَة هُنَا فِي الْوَصْف الَّذِي لأَجله وضع كل
وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا فِي الأَصْل فالطلاق مَوْضُوع للإطلاق بِرَفْع الْمَانِع من
الانطلاق لَا بإحداث قُوَّة الانطلاق فِي الذَّات وَمِنْه إِطْلَاق الْإِبِل
وَإِطْلَاق الْأَسير وَالْعتاق لإحداث معنى فِي الذَّات يُوجب الْقُوَّة من قَول
الْقَائِل عتق الفرخ إِذا قوي حَتَّى طَار وَفِي ملك الْيَمين الْمَمْلُوك عَاجز
عَن الانطلاق لضعف فِي ذَاته وَهُوَ أَنه صَار رَقِيقا مَمْلُوكا مقهورا مُحْتَاجا
إِلَى إِحْدَاث قُوَّة فِيهِ يصير بهَا مَالِكًا مستوليا مستبدا بِالتَّصَرُّفِ
والمنكوحة مالكة أَمر نَفسهَا وَلكنهَا محبوسة عِنْد الزَّوْج بِالْملكِ الَّذِي
لَهُ عَلَيْهَا فحاجتها إِلَى رفع الْمَانِع وَذَلِكَ يكون بِالطَّلَاق كَمَا يكون
بِرَفْع الْقَيْد عَن الْأَسير وبحل العقال عَن الْبَعِير وَلَا مُنَاسبَة بَين
رفع الْمَانِع وَبَين إِحْدَاث الْقُوَّة كَمَا لَا مُنَاسبَة بَين رفع الْقَيْد
وَبَين الْبُرْء من الْمَرَض فَعرفنَا أَنه لَا وَجه للاستعارة بطرِيق
الْمُنَاسبَة بَينهمَا فِي الْمَعْنى وَلَكِن بالاتصال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة
وَالْحكم وَقد بَينا أَن ذَلِك صَالح من أحد الْجَانِبَيْنِ دون الْجَانِب الآخر</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل عنْدكُمْ الْإِجَازَة لَا تَنْعَقِد
بِلَفْظ البيع نَص عَلَيْهِ فِي كتاب الصُّلْح حَيْثُ قَالَ بيع السُّكْنَى بَاطِل
فَالْبيع سَبَب لملك الرَّقَبَة وَملك الرَّقَبَة سَبَب لملك الْمَنْفَعَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ لم تصح الِاسْتِعَارَة بِهَذَا الطَّرِيق
عنْدكُمْ مجَازًا وعَلى عكس هَذَا إِذا قَالَ لغيره أعتق عَبدك عني على ألف دِرْهَم
فَقَالَ أعتقت يثبت التَّمَلُّك شِرَاء بِهَذَا الْكَلَام وَالْعِتْق لَيْسَ
بِسَبَب للشراء ثمَّ كَانَ عبارَة عَنهُ مجَازًا وَكَذَلِكَ شِرَاء الْقَرِيب
إِعْتَاق عنْدكُمْ وَالشِّرَاء لَيْسَ بِسَبَب الْعتْق ثمَّ كَانَ عبارَة عَنهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قُلْنَا أما اسْتِعْمَال لفظ البيع فِي الْإِجَارَة
فَإِنَّمَا لَا يجوز عندنَا لِانْعِدَامِ الْمحل لَا لِانْعِدَامِ الصلاحية
للاستعارة لِأَنَّهُ إِن أضيف لفظ البيع إِلَى رَقَبَة الدَّار وَالْعَبْد فَهُوَ
عَامل بحقيقته فِي تمْلِيك الْعين وَإِن أضيف إِلَى </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/183) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">منفعتهما فالمنفعة مَعْدُومَة والمعدوم لَا يكون محلا
للتَّمْلِيك وَاللَّفْظ مَتى صَار مجَازًا عَن غَيره يَجْعَل كَأَنَّهُ وجد
التَّصْرِيح بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي هُوَ مجَاز عَنهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو قَالَ أجرتك مَنَافِع هَذِه الدَّار لَا يَصح
أَيْضا وَإِنَّمَا يَصح إِذا قَالَ أجرتك الدَّار بِاعْتِبَار إِقَامَة الْعين
الْمُضَاف إِلَيْهِ العقد مقَام الْمَنْفَعَة وَلَفظ البيع مَتى أضيف إِلَى الْعين
كَانَ عَاملا فِي حَقِيقَته حَتَّى لَو قَالَ الْحر لغيره بِعْتُك نَفسِي شهرا
بِعشْرَة يجوز ذَلِك على وَجه الِاسْتِعَارَة عَن الْإِجَارَة لِأَن عين الْحر
لَيْسَ بِمحل لما وضع لَهُ البيع حَقِيقَة وَأهل الْمَدِينَة يسمون الْإِجَارَة
بيعا فَتجوز هَهُنَا الِاسْتِعَارَة للاتصال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة وَأما قَوْله
أعتق عَبدك عني فَمن يَقُول إِن ذَلِك مجَاز عَن الشِّرَاء فقد أَخطَأ خطأ فَاحِشا
وَكَيف يكون ذَلِك مجَازًا عَنهُ وَهُوَ عَامل بحقيقته وَاللَّفْظ مَتى صَار
مجَازًا عَن غَيره يسْقط اعْتِبَار حَقِيقَته وَفِي الْموضع الَّذِي لَا يثبت
حَقِيقَة الْعتْق بِأَن يكون الْقَائِل صَبيا أَو عبدا مَأْذُونا لَا يثبت
الشِّرَاء فَعرفنَا أَن ثُبُوت الشِّرَاء هُنَاكَ بطرِيق الِاقْتِضَاء للْحَاجة
إِلَى تَحْصِيل الْمَقْصُود الَّذِي صرحنا بِهِ وَهُوَ الْإِعْتَاق عَنهُ فَإِن من
شَرطه ثُبُوت الْملك لَهُ فِي الْمحل والمقتضى لَيْسَ من الْمجَاز فِي شَيْء
وَكَذَلِكَ شِرَاء الْقَرِيب عندنَا لَيْسَ بِإِعْتَاق مجَازًا وَكَيف يكون ذَلِك
وَهُوَ عَامل بحقيقته وَهُوَ ثُبُوت الْملك بِهِ وَلَا يجمع بَين الْحَقِيقَة
وَالْمجَاز فِي مَحل وَاحِد بل بطرِيق أَن الشِّرَاء مُوجب ملك الرَّقَبَة وَملك
الرَّقَبَة متمم عِلّة الْعتْق فِي هَذَا الْمحل فَيصير الحكم وَهُوَ الْعتْق
مُضَافا إِلَى السَّبَب الْمُوجب لما تتمّ بِهِ الْعلَّة بطرِيق أَنه بِمَنْزِلَة
عِلّة الْعلَّة فَأَما أَن يكون بطرِيق الْمجَاز فَلَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن أَحْكَام هَذَا الْفَصْل أَن اللَّفْظ مَتى
كَانَ لَهُ حَقِيقَة مستعملة ومجاز مُتَعَارَف فعلى قَول أبي حنيفَة مطلقه
يتَنَاوَل الْحَقِيقَة المستعملة دون الْمجَاز وعَلى قَوْلهمَا مطلقه يتناولهما
بِاعْتِبَار عُمُوم الْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَانه فِيمَا قُلْنَا إِذا حلف لَا يشرب من
الْفُرَات أَو لَا يَأْكُل من هَذِه الْحِنْطَة وَهَذَا فِي الْحَقِيقَة يبتني على
أصل وَهُوَ أَن الْمجَاز عِنْدهمَا خلف عَن الْحَقِيقَة فِي إِيجَاب الحكم فَهُوَ
الْمَقْصُود لَا نفس الْعبارَة وَبِاعْتِبَار الحكم يتَرَجَّح عُمُوم الْمجَاز على
الْحَقِيقَة فَإِن الحكم بِهِ يثبت فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ وَعند أبي حنيفَة الْمجَاز
خلف عَن الْحَقِيقَة فِي التَّكَلُّم بِهِ لَا فِي الحكم لِأَنَّهُ تصرف من
الْمُتَكَلّم فِي عِبَارَته من حَيْثُ إِنَّه يَجْعَل عِبَارَته قَائِمَة مقَام
عبارَة ثمَّ الحكم يثبت بِهِ أصلا بطرِيق أَنه </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/184) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">يَجْعَل كالمتكلم بِمَا كَانَ الْمجَاز عبارَة عَنهُ
لَا أَنه خلف عَن الحكم وَإِذا كَانَ الْمجَاز خلفا فِي التَّكَلُّم لَا يثبت
الْمُزَاحمَة بَين الأَصْل وَالْخلف فَيجْعَل اللَّفْظ عَاملا فِي حَقِيقَته عِنْد
الْإِمْكَان وَإِنَّمَا يُصَار إِلَى إعماله بطرِيق الْمجَاز فِي الْموضع الَّذِي
يتَعَذَّر إعماله فِي حَقِيقَته</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وعَلى هَذَا الأَصْل قَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة رَضِي الله
عَنهُ إِذا قَالَ لعَبْدِهِ وَهُوَ أكبر سنا مِنْهُ هَذَا ابْني يعْتق عَلَيْهِ
وعَلى قَول أبي يُوسُف وَمُحَمّد رحمهمَا الله لَا يعْتق لِأَن صَرِيح كَلَامه
محَال وَالْمجَاز عِنْدهمَا خلف عَن الْحَقِيقَة فِي إِيجَاب الحكم فَفِي كل
مَوضِع يصلح أَن يكون السَّبَب منعقدا لإِيجَاب الحكم الْأَصْلِيّ يصلح أَن يكون
منعقدا لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ خلف عَن الأَصْل وَفِي كل مَوضِع لَا يُوجد فِي السَّبَب
صَلَاحِية الِانْعِقَاد للْحكم الْأَصْلِيّ لَا ينْعَقد مُوجبا لما هُوَ خلف عَنهُ
فَإِن قَوْله لامس السَّمَاء يصلح منعقدا لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ الأَصْل وَهُوَ الْبر
من حَيْثُ إِن السَّمَاء غير ممسوسة فيصلح أَن يكون منعقدا لإِيجَاب الْخلف عَنهُ
وَهُوَ الْكَفَّارَة وَالْيَمِين الْغمُوس لَا تصلح سَببا لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ
الأَصْل وَهُوَ الْبر فَلَا يكون مُوجبا لما هُوَ خلف عَنهُ وَهُوَ الْكَفَّارَة فَهُنَا
أَيْضا هَذَا اللَّفْظ فِي مَعْرُوف النّسَب الَّذِي يُولد مثله لمثله يصلح سَببا
لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ الأَصْل وَهُوَ ثُبُوت النّسَب إِلَّا أَنه امْتنع إعماله
(للْحكم) لثُبُوت نسبه من الْغَيْر فَيكون مُوجبا لما هُوَ خلف عَنهُ وَهُوَ
الْعتْق وفيمن هُوَ أكبر سنا مِنْهُ لَا يصلح سَببا لإِيجَاب مَا هُوَ الأَصْل
فَلَا يكون مُوجبا لما هُوَ خلف عَنهُ وَلِهَذَا لَا تصير أم الْغُلَام أم
الْوَلَد لَهُ هُنَا وَفِي مَعْرُوف النّسَب تصير أم ولد لَهُ على مَا نَص فِي
كتاب الدَّعْوَى وعَلى هَذَا جعلنَا بيع الْحرَّة نِكَاحا لِأَن هُنَاكَ الْمَانِع
من الحكم الَّذِي هُوَ أصل فِي هَذَا الْمحل شَرْعِي وَهُوَ تَأَكد الْحُرِّيَّة
على وَجه لَا يحْتَمل الْإِبْطَال لَا بِاعْتِبَار أَن السَّبَب لَيْسَ بِصَالح
لإِثْبَات الحكم الْأَصْلِيّ بِهِ فِي هَذَا الْمحل فَيكون منعقدا لإِثْبَات مَا
هُوَ خلف عَنهُ وَهُوَ ملك الْمُتْعَة وَلَكِن أَبُو حنيفَة يَقُول الْمجَاز خلف
عَن الْحَقِيقَة فِي التَّكَلُّم لَا فِي الحكم كَمَا قَررنَا فَالشَّرْط فِيهِ
أَن يكون الْكَلَام صَالحا وصلاحيته بِكَوْنِهِ مُبْتَدأ وخبرا بِصِيغَة
الْإِيجَاب وَهُوَ مَوْجُود هُنَا فَيكون عَاملا فِي إِيجَاب الحكم الَّذِي يقبله
هَذَا الْمحل بطرِيق الْمجَاز على معنى أَنه سَبَب للتحرير فَإِن من ملك وَلَده
يعْتق عَلَيْهِ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/185) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَيصير معتقا لَهُ إِذا اكْتسب سَبَب تملكه فاللفظ
مَتى صَار عبارَة عَن غَيره مجَازًا للاتصال من حَيْثُ السَّبَبِيَّة يسْقط
اعْتِبَار حَقِيقَته وَبِاعْتِبَار مجازه مَا صَادف إِلَّا محلا صَالحا وَلما تبين
أَنه خلف فِي التَّكَلُّم لَا فِي الحكم كَانَ عمله كعمل الِاسْتِثْنَاء
وَالِاسْتِثْنَاء صَحِيح على أَن يكون عبارَة عَمَّا وَرَاء الْمُسْتَثْنى وَإِن
لم يُصَادف أصل الْكَلَام محلا صَالحا لَهُ بِاعْتِبَار أَنه تصرف من الْمُتَكَلّم
فِي كَلَامه حَتَّى لَو قَالَ لامْرَأَته أَنْت طَالِق ألفا إِلَّا تِسْعمائَة
وَتِسْعَة وَتِسْعين لم تقع إِلَّا وَاحِدَة نَص عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمُنْتَقى
وَمَعْلُوم أَن الْمحل غير صَالح لما صرح بِهِ وَمَعَ ذَلِك كَانَ الِاسْتِثْنَاء
صَحِيحا لِأَنَّهُ تصرف من الْمُتَكَلّم فِي كَلَامه فَهُنَا كَذَلِك</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ فِيهِ طَرِيقَانِ لأبي حنيفَة أَحدهمَا أَنه
بِمَنْزِلَة التَّحْرِير ابْتِدَاء بِاعْتِبَار أَنه ذكر كلَاما هُوَ سَبَب
للتحرير فِي ملكه وَهُوَ الْبُنُوَّة فَيصير محررا </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">بِهِ) ابْتِدَاء مجَازًا وَلِهَذَا لَا تصير الْأُم
أم ولد لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لتحرير الْغُلَام ابْتِدَاء تَأْثِير فِي إِيجَاب
أُميَّة الْوَلَد </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">لأمه) وَلِأَنَّهُ لَا يملك إِيجَاب ذَلِك الْحق
لَهَا بعبارته على الْحَقِيقَة ابْتِدَاء بل بِفعل هُوَ استيلاد وَلِهَذَا قَالَ
فِي كتاب الدَّعْوَى لَو ورث رجلَانِ مَمْلُوكا ثمَّ ادّعى أَحدهمَا أَنه ابْنه
يصير ضَامِنا لشَرِيكه قيمَة نصِيبه إِذا كَانَ مُوسِرًا بِاعْتِبَار أَن ذَلِك
كالتحرير الْمُبْتَدَأ مِنْهُ وعَلى الطَّرِيق الآخر يَجْعَل هَذَا إِقْرَارا
مِنْهُ بِالْحُرِّيَّةِ مجَازًا كَأَنَّهُ قَالَ عتق عَليّ من حِين ملكته فَإِن
مَا صرح بِهِ وَهُوَ الْبُنُوَّة سَبَب لذَلِك وَهنا هُوَ الْأَصَح فقد قَالَ فِي
كتاب الْإِكْرَاه إِذا أكره على أَن يَقُول هَذَا ابْني لَا يعْتق عَلَيْهِ
وَالْإِكْرَاه إِنَّمَا يمْنَع صِحَة الْإِقْرَار بِالْعِتْقِ لَا صِحَة
التَّحْرِير ابْتِدَاء وَوُجُوب الضَّمَان فِي مَسْأَلَة الدَّعْوَى بِهَذَا
الطَّرِيق أَيْضا فَإِنَّهُ لَو قَالَ عتق عَليّ من حِين ملكته كَانَ ضَامِنا
لشَرِيكه أَيْضا وعَلى هَذَا الطَّرِيق نقُول الْجَارِيَة تصير أم ولد لَهُ لِأَن
كَلَامه كَمَا جعل إِقْرَارا بِالْحُرِّيَّةِ للْوَلَد جعل إِقْرَارا بأمية
الْوَلَد للْأُم فَإِن مَا تكلم بِهِ سَبَب مُوجب هَذَا الْحق لَهَا فِي ملكه
كَمَا هُوَ مُوجب حَقِيقَة الْحُرِّيَّة للْوَلَد وَبِهَذَا الطَّرِيق فِي
مَعْرُوف النّسَب يثبت الْعتْق لَا بِالطَّرِيقِ </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/186) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الَّذِي قَالَا فَإِنَّهُ مكذب شرعا فِي الحكم
الْأَصْلِيّ والمكذب فِي كَلَامه شرعا كالمكذب حَقِيقَة فِي إهدار كَلَامه أَلا
ترى أَنه لَو أكره على أَن يَقُول لعَبْدِهِ هَذَا ابْني لَا يعْتق عَلَيْهِ
لِأَنَّهُ مكذب شرعا بِدَلِيل الْإِكْرَاه إِلَّا أَن دَلِيل التَّكْذِيب هُنَاكَ
عَامل فِي الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز جَمِيعًا وَهنا دَلِيل التَّكْذِيب وَهُوَ
ثُبُوت نسبه من الْغَيْر عَامل فِي الْحَقِيقَة دون الْمجَاز وَهُوَ الْإِقْرَار
بحريَّته من حِين ملكه وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا لَو قَالَ لزوجته وَهِي مَعْرُوفَة
النّسَب من غَيره هَذِه ابْنَتي لَا تقع الْفرْقَة بَينهمَا لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ
بِكَلَام مُوجب بطرِيق الْإِقْرَار فِي ملكه إِنَّمَا مُوجبه إِثْبَات النّسَب
وَقد صَار مُكَذبا فِيهِ شرعا فَصَارَ أصل كَلَامه لَغوا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان هَذَا أَن التّبعِيَّة لَا توجب الْفرْقَة
وَلكنهَا تنَافِي النِّكَاح أصلا وَاللَّفْظ مَتى صَار مجَازًا عَن غَيره يَجْعَل
قَائِما مقَام ذَلِك اللَّفْظ فَكَأَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا تَزَوَّجتهَا أَو مَا كَانَ
بيني وَبَينهَا نِكَاح قطّ وَذَلِكَ لَا يُوجب الْفرْقَة وَكَذَلِكَ لَا يثبت بِهِ
حرمتهَا عَلَيْهِ على وَجه يَنْتَفِي بِهِ النِّكَاح لِأَن فِي حكم الْحُرْمَة
هَذَا الْإِقْرَار عَلَيْهَا لَا على نَفسه وَالْعين هِيَ الَّتِي تتصف
بِالْحُرْمَةِ وَهُوَ مكذب شرعا فِي إِقْرَاره على غَيره</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَا يدْخل على هَذَا مَا إِذا قَالَ لعَبْدِهِ يَا
ابْني لِأَن النداء لاستحضار الْمُنَادِي بصورته لَا بِمَعْنَاهُ وَإِنَّمَا صَار
هَذَا اللَّفْظ مجَازًا بِاعْتِبَار مَعْنَاهُ كَمَا بَينا فَأَما إِذا قَالَ يَا
حر أَو يَا عَتيق فإعمال ذَلِك اللَّفْظ بِاعْتِبَار أَنه علم لإِسْقَاط الرّقّ
بِهِ لَا بِاعْتِبَار الْمَعْنى فِيهِ فَكَانَ عَاملا على أَي وَجه أَضَافَهُ
إِلَى الْمَمْلُوك وَالله أعلم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فصل فِي بَيَان الصَّرِيح وَالْكِنَايَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الصَّرِيح هُوَ كل لفظ مَكْشُوف الْمَعْنى وَالْمرَاد
حَقِيقَة كَانَ أَو مجَازًا يُقَال فلَان صرح بِكَذَا أَي أظهر مَا فِي قلبه لغيره
من مَحْبُوب أَو مَكْرُوه بأبلغ مَا أمكنه من الْعبارَة وَمِنْه سمي الْقصر صرحا
قَالَ تَعَالَى {وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْن يَا هامان ابْن لي صرحا} وَالْكِنَايَة
بِخِلَاف ذَلِك وَهُوَ مَا يكون المُرَاد بِهِ مَسْتُورا إِلَى أَن يتَبَيَّن
بِالدَّلِيلِ مَأْخُوذ من قَوْلهم كنيت وكنوت وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الصَّرِيح مَا يكون
مَفْهُوم الْمَعْنى بِنَفسِهِ وَقد تكون الْكِنَايَة مَا لَا يكون مَفْهُوم
الْمَعْنى بِنَفسِهِ فَإِن الْحَرْف الْوَاحِد يجوز أَن </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/187) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">يكون كِنَايَة نَحْو هَاء الغائبة وكاف المخاطبة
يَقُول الرجل هُوَ يفعل كَذَا وَهَذَا الْهَاء لَا يُمَيّز اسْما من اسْم فَتكون
هَذِه الْكِنَايَة من الصَّرِيح بِمَنْزِلَة الْمُشْتَرك من الْمُفَسّر وَكَذَلِكَ
كل اسْم هُوَ ضمير نَحْو أَنا وَأَنت وَنحن فَهُوَ كِنَايَة وكل مَا يكون
مُتَرَدّد الْمَعْنى فِي نَفسه فَهُوَ كِنَايَة وَالْمجَاز قبل أَن يصير متعارفا
بِمَنْزِلَة الْكِنَايَة أَيْضا لما فِيهِ من التَّرَدُّد وَمِنْه أخذت الكنية
فَإِنَّهَا غير الِاسْم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَالِاسْم الصَّرِيح لكل شخص مَا جعل علما لَهُ ثمَّ
يكنى بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى وَلَده فَيكون ذَلِك تعريفا لَهُ بِالْوَلَدِ الَّذِي
هُوَ مَعْرُوف بِالنّسَبِ إِلَيْهِ وَهَذَا لَيْسَ من الْمجَاز فِي شَيْء وَلَكِن
لما كَانَ معرفَة المُرَاد مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ سمي كنية وعَلى هَذَا الاستعارات
والتعريضات فِي الْكَلَام بِمَنْزِلَة الْكِنَايَة فَإِن الْعَرَب تكني الحبشي
بِأبي الْبَيْضَاء والضرير بِأبي العيناء وَلَيْسَ بَينهمَا اتِّصَال بل بَينهمَا
مضادة وَقد ذكرنَا أَن الْمجَاز حَده الِاتِّصَال بَينه وَبَين مَا جعل مجَازًا
عَنهُ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">عرفنَا أَن الْكِنَايَة غير الْمجَاز وَلَكنهُمْ
يكنون بالشَّيْء عَن الشَّيْء على وَجه السخرية أَو على وَجه التفاؤل فيكنون
عَمَّا يذم بِمَا يمدح بِهِ على سَبِيل التفاؤل كَمَا يذكرُونَ صِيغَة الْأَمر على
وَجه الزّجر والتهديد ويقولن تربت يداك على وَجه التعطف فَبِهَذَا يتَبَيَّن أَن
حد الْكِنَايَة غير حد الْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ حكم الصَّرِيح ثُبُوت مُوجبه بِنَفسِهِ من غير
حَاجَة إِلَى عَزِيمَة وَذَلِكَ نَحْو لفظ الطَّلَاق وَالْعتاق فَإِنَّهُ صَرِيح
فعلى أَي وَجه أضيف إِلَى الْمحل من نِدَاء أَو وصف أَو خبر كَانَ مُوجبا للْحكم
حَتَّى إِذا قَالَ يَا حر أَو يَا طَالِق أَو أَنْت حر أَو أَنْت طَالِق أَو قد
حررتك أَو قد طَلقتك يكون إيقاعا نوى أَو لم ينْو لِأَن عينه قَائِم مقَام
مَعْنَاهُ فِي إِيجَاب الحكم لكَونه صَرِيحًا فِيهِ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَحكم الْكِنَايَة أَن الحكم بهَا لَا يثبت </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/188) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">إِلَّا بِالنِّيَّةِ أَو مَا يقوم مقَامهَا من
دلَالَة الْحَال لِأَن فِي المُرَاد بهَا معنى التَّرَدُّد فَلَا تكون مُوجبَة
للْحكم مَا لم يزل ذَلِك التَّرَدُّد بِدَلِيل يقْتَرن بهَا وعَلى هَذَا سمى
الْفُقَهَاء لفظ التَّحْرِيم والبينونة من كنايات الطَّلَاق وَهُوَ مجَاز عَن
التَّسْمِيَة بِاعْتِبَار معنى التَّرَدُّد فِيمَا يتَّصل بِهِ هَذَا اللَّفْظ
حَتَّى لَا يكون عَاملا إِلَّا بِالنِّيَّةِ فَسُمي كِنَايَة من هَذَا الْوَجْه
مجَازًا فَأَما إِذا انْعَدم التَّرَدُّد بنية الطَّلَاق فاللفظ عَامل فِي
حَقِيقَة مُوجبه حَتَّى يحصل بِهِ الْحُرْمَة والبينونة وَمَعْلُوم أَن مَا يكون
كِنَايَة عَن غَيره فَإِن عمله كعمل مَا جعل كِنَايَة عَنهُ وَلَفظ الطَّلَاق لَا
يُوجب الْحُرْمَة والبينونة بِنَفسِهِ فَعرفنَا أَنه عَامل بحقيقته وَإِنَّمَا سمي
كِنَايَة مجَازًا إِلَّا قَوْله اعْتدي فَإِنَّهُ كِنَايَة لاحْتِمَاله وُجُوهًا
مُتَغَايِرَة وَعند إِرَادَة الطَّلَاق لَا يكون اللَّفْظ عَاملا فِي حَقِيقَته
فَإِن حَقِيقَته من بَاب الْعد والحساب وَذَلِكَ مُحْتَمل عدد الْأَقْرَاء وَغير
ذَلِك فَإِذا نوى الطَّلَاق وَكَانَ بعد الدُّخُول وَقع الطَّلَاق بِمُقْتَضَاهُ
من حَيْثُ إِن الاحتساب بِعَدَد الْأَقْرَاء من الْعدة لَا يكون إِلَّا بعد
الطَّلَاق فَكَأَنَّهُ صرح بِالطَّلَاق وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الْوَاقِع رَجْعِيًا وَلَا
يَقع بِهِ أَكثر من وَاحِدَة وَإِن نوى وَإِن كَانَ قبل الدُّخُول يَقع الطَّلَاق
بِهِ عِنْد النِّيَّة على أَنه لفظ مستعار للطَّلَاق شرعا فَإِن النَّبِي صلى الله
عَلَيْهِ وَسلم قَالَ لسودة اعْتدي ثمَّ رَاجعهَا وَقَالَ لحفصة اعْتدي ثمَّ
رَاجعهَا وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْله استبرئي رَحِمك وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْله أَنْت وَاحِدَة
فَإِن فِي قَوْله وَاحِدَة احْتِمَال كَونه نعتا لَهَا أَو للتطليقة فَلَا
يتَعَيَّن بِدُونِ النِّيَّة وَعند النِّيَّة يَقع الطَّلَاق بِهِ بطرِيق
الْإِضْمَار أَي أَنْت طَالِق تَطْلِيقَة وَاحِدَة وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الْوَاقِع بِهِ
رَجْعِيًا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ثمَّ الأَصْل فِي الْكَلَام الصَّرِيح لِأَنَّهُ
مَوْضُوع للإفهام والصريح هُوَ التَّام فِي هَذَا المُرَاد فَإِن الْكِنَايَة
فِيهَا قُصُور بِاعْتِبَار الِاشْتِبَاه فِيمَا هُوَ المُرَاد وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا
إِن مَا يندرىء بِالشُّبُهَاتِ لَا يثبت بِالْكِنَايَةِ حَتَّى إِن الْمقر على
نَفسه بِبَعْض الْأَسْبَاب الْمُوجبَة للعقوبة مَا لم يذكر اللَّفْظ الصَّرِيح
كَالزِّنَا وَالسَّرِقَة لَا يصير مستوجبا للعقوبة وَإِن ذكر لفظا هُوَ كِنَايَة
وَلِهَذَا لَا تُقَام هَذِه الْعُقُوبَات على الْأَخْرَس عِنْد إِقْرَاره بِهِ
بإشارته لِأَنَّهُ لم يُوجد التَّصْرِيح بِلَفْظِهِ وَعند إِقَامَة الْبَيِّنَة
عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ رُبمَا يكون عِنْده شُبْهَة لَا يتَمَكَّن من إظهارها فِي
إِشَارَته وعَلى هَذَا لَو قذف رجل رجلا بِالزِّنَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رجل آخر صدقت
فَإِن الثَّانِي لَا يسْتَوْجب الْحَد لِأَن مَا يلفظ بِهِ كِنَايَة عَن الْقَذْف
لاحْتِمَال مُطلق التَّصْدِيق وُجُوهًا مُخْتَلفَة وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَالَ لغيره أما
أَنا فلست بزان لَا يلْزمه حد الْقَذْف لِأَنَّهُ تَعْرِيض وَلَيْسَ بتصريح بنسبته
إِلَى الزِّنَا فَيكون قاصرا فِي نَفسه </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/189) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل أَلَيْسَ أَنه لَو قذف رجل رجلا بِالزِّنَا
فَقَالَ آخر هُوَ كَمَا قلت فَإِن الثَّانِي يسْتَوْجب الْحَد وَهَذَا تَعْرِيض
مُحْتَمل أَيْضا قُلْنَا نعم وَلَكِن كَاف التَّشْبِيه توجب الْعُمُوم عندنَا فِي
الْمحل الَّذِي يحْتَملهُ وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا فِي قَول عَليّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ
إِنَّمَا أعطيناهم الذِّمَّة وبدلوا الْجِزْيَة لتَكون دِمَاؤُهُمْ كدمائنا
وَأَمْوَالهمْ كأموالنا إِنَّه مجْرى على الْعُمُوم فِيمَا يندرىء بِالشُّبُهَاتِ
وَمَا يثبت مَعَ الشُّبُهَات فَهَذَا الْكَاف أَيْضا مُوجبه الْعُمُوم لِأَنَّهُ
حصل فِي مَحل يحْتَملهُ فَيكون نسبته إِلَى الزِّنَا قطعا بِمَنْزِلَة كَلَام
الأول على مَا هُوَ مُوجب الْعَام عندنَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
===========<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أصول السرخسي </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فصل فِي بَيَان جملَة مَا تتْرك بِهِ الْحَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَهِي خَمْسَة أَنْوَاع أَحدهَا دلَالَة
الِاسْتِعْمَال عرفا وَالثَّانِي دلَالَة اللَّفْظ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَالثَّالِث سِيَاق النّظم وَالرَّابِع دلَالَة من
وصف الْمُتَكَلّم وَالْخَامِس من مَحل الْكَلَام</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَأَما الأول فَنَقُول تتْرك الْحَقِيقَة بِدلَالَة
الِاسْتِعْمَال عرفا لِأَن الْكَلَام مَوْضُوع للإفهام وَالْمَطْلُوب بِهِ مَا
تسبق إِلَيْهِ الأوهام فَإِذا تعارف النَّاس اسْتِعْمَاله لشَيْء عينا كَانَ ذَلِك
بِحكم الِاسْتِعْمَال كالحقيقة فِيهِ وَمَا سوى ذَلِك لِانْعِدَامِ الْعرف
كالمهجور لَا يتَنَاوَلهُ إِلَّا بِقَرِينَة أَلا ترى أَن اسْم الدَّرَاهِم عِنْد
الْإِطْلَاق يتَنَاوَل نقد الْبَلَد لوُجُود الْعرف الظَّاهِر فِي التَّعَامُل
بِهِ وَلَا يتَنَاوَل غَيره إِلَّا بِقَرِينَة لترك التَّعَامُل بِهِ ظَاهرا فِي
ذَلِك الْموضع وَإِن لم يكن بَين النَّوْعَيْنِ فرق فِيمَا وضع الِاسْم لَهُ
حَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان هَذَا فِي اسْم الصَّلَاة فَإِنَّهَا
للدُّعَاء حَقِيقَة قَالَ الْقَائِل وَصلي على دنها وارتسم وَهِي مجَاز
لِلْعِبَادَةِ الْمَشْرُوعَة بأركانها سميت بِهِ لِأَنَّهَا شرعت للذّكر قَالَ
تَعَالَى {وأقم الصَّلَاة لذكري} وَفِي الدُّعَاء ذكر وَإِن كَانَ يشوبه سُؤال
ثمَّ عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق ينْصَرف إِلَى الْعِبَادَة الْمَعْلُومَة بأركانها سَوَاء
كَانَ فِيهَا دُعَاء أَو لم يكن كَصَلَاة الْأَخْرَس وَإِنَّمَا تركت الْحَقِيقَة
للاستعمال عرفا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ الْحَج فَإِن اللَّفْظ للقصد </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/190) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">حَقِيقَة ثمَّ سميت الْعِبَادَة بهَا لما فِيهَا من
الْعَزِيمَة وَالْقَصْد للزيارة فَعِنْدَ الْإِطْلَاق الِاسْم يتَنَاوَل
الْعِبَادَة للاستعمال عرفا وَالْعمْرَة وَالصَّوْم وَالزَّكَاة وَغَيرهَا على
هَذَا فَإِن نَظَائِر هَذَا أَكثر من أَن تحصى وَلِهَذَا قُلْنَا من نذر صَلَاة
أَو حجا أَو مشيا إِلَى بَيت الله يلْزمه الْعِبَادَة وَإِن لم ينْو ذَلِك فالمشي
إِلَى بَيت الله تَعَالَى غير الْحَج حَقِيقَة وَلَكِن للاستعمال عرفا ينْصَرف
مُطلق اللَّفْظ إِلَيْهِ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَالَ لله عَليّ أَن أضْرب بثوبي حطيم
الْكَعْبَة يلْزمه التَّصَدُّق بِالثَّوْبِ للاستعمال عرفا فاللفظ حَقِيقَة فِي
غير ذَلِك</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن حلف أَن لَا يَشْتَرِي رَأْسا ينْصَرف يَمِينه
إِلَى مَا يتعارف بَيْعه فِي الْأَسْوَاق من الرؤوس على حسب مَا اخْتلفُوا فِيهِ
وَكَانَ ذَلِك للاستعمال عرفا فَأَما من حَيْثُ الْحَقِيقَة الِاسْم يتَنَاوَل كل
رَأس</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن حلف أَن لَا يَأْكُل بيضًا يتَنَاوَل يَمِينه
بيض الدَّجَاج والأوز خَاصَّة لاستعمال ذَلِك عِنْد الْأكل عرفا وَلَا يتَنَاوَل
بيض الْحمام والعصفور وَمَا أشبه ذَلِك وَقد بَينا أَن الْعَام إِذا خص مِنْهُ شَيْء
يصير شَبيه الْمجَاز</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان النَّوْع الثَّانِي وَهُوَ دلَالَة اللَّفْظ
فِيمَا إِذا حلف أَن لَا يَأْكُل لَحْمًا فَأكل لحم السّمك أَو الْجَرَاد لم
يَحْنَث فِي يَمِينه لِأَنَّهُ أطلق اللَّحْم فِي لَفظه وَلحم السّمك (أَو
الْجَرَاد) لَا يذكر إِلَّا بِقَرِينَة فَكَانَ قاصرا فِيمَا يتَنَاوَلهُ اسْم
مُطلق اللَّحْم بِمَنْزِلَة الصَّلَاة على الْجِنَازَة فَإِنَّهُ قَاصِر فِيمَا
يتَنَاوَلهُ مُطلق اسْم الصَّلَاة من حَيْثُ إِنَّه لَا يذكر إِلَّا
بِالْقَرِينَةِ فَلَا يتَنَاوَلهُ الِاسْم بِدُونِ الْقَرِينَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل أَلَيْسَ أَنه لَو أكل لحم خِنْزِير أَو
لحم إِنْسَان فَإِنَّهُ يَحْنَث فِي يَمِينه وَهَذَا لَا يذكر إِلَّا بِقَرِينَة
قُلْنَا نعم وَلَكِن ذكر الْقَرِينَة هُنَا لَيْسَ لقُصُور معنى اللحمية فيهمَا
فَإِن اللَّحْم اسْم معنوي مَوْضُوع لما يتَوَلَّد من الدَّم وَلَا قُصُور فِي
ذَلِك فِي لحم الْخِنْزِير والآدمي فَأَما لحم السّمك وَالْجَرَاد فَإِنَّهُ
قَاصِر فِي ذَلِك الْمَعْنى لِأَنَّهُ لَا دم للسمك وَلَا للجراد فَكَذَلِك معنى
الْغذَاء الْمَطْلُوب بِاللَّحْمِ لَا يتم بالسمك وَالْجَرَاد</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَعرفنَا أَن الْقَرِينَة فِيهَا للقصور وَمعنى
الْغذَاء الْمَطْلُوب بِاللَّحْمِ يتم فِي لحم </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/191) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الْخِنْزِير والآدمي فَعرفنَا أَن الْقَرِينَة
لبَيَان الْحُرْمَة لَا لقُصُور فِي معنى اللحمية وَلَيْسَ للْحُرْمَة تَأْثِير
فِي الْمَنْع من إتْمَام شَرط الْحِنْث وعَلى هَذَا قُلْنَا فِي قَوْله كل
مَمْلُوك لي حر لَا يدْخل الْمكَاتب بِدُونِ النِّيَّة لِأَنَّهُ تلفظ بالمملوك
وَالْمكَاتب مُتَرَدّد بَين كَونه مَالِكًا وَبَين كَونه مَمْلُوكا فَإِنَّهُ
مَالك يدا وتصرفا مَمْلُوك رقا وَكَذَلِكَ صرح بِالْإِضَافَة إِلَيْهِ وَالْمكَاتب
مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ من وَجه دون وَجه فللدلالة فِي لَفظه لَا يتَنَاوَلهُ الْكَلَام
بِدُونِ النِّيَّة وَلَكِن يتَنَاوَلهُ مُطلق اسْم الرَّقَبَة الْمَذْكُورَة فِي
قَوْله {أَو تَحْرِير رَقَبَة} لِأَنَّهُ يتَنَاوَل الذَّات المرقوق وَالرّق لَا
ينْتَقض بِعقد الْكِتَابَة بِدَلِيل احتمالها الْفَسْخ وَاشْتِرَاط الْملك بِقدر
مَا يَصح بِهِ التَّحْرِير وَذَلِكَ مَوْجُود فِي الْمكَاتب فيتأدى بِهِ
الْكَفَّارَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْله كل امْرَأَة لَهُ طَالِق لَا
يتَنَاوَل المختلعة بِغَيْر نِيَّة وَإِن كَانَت فِي الْعدة من غير النِّيَّة
لبَقَاء ملك الْيَد وَزَوَال أصل ملك النِّكَاح وعَلى عكس مَا ذكرنَا من معنى
الْقُصُور معنى الزِّيَادَة أَيْضا فَإِن أَبَا حنيفَة رَحمَه الله قَالَ من حلف
لَا يَأْكُل فَاكِهَة فَأكل عنبا أَو رطبا أَو رمانا لم يَحْنَث وَقَالَ أَبُو
يُوسُف وَمُحَمّد رحمهمَا الله يَحْنَث لِأَن اسْم الْفَاكِهَة يَتَنَاوَلهَا
عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق من غير قرينَة فَتكون كَامِلَة فِي الْمَعْنى الْمَطْلُوب
بِهَذَا الِاسْم وَأَبُو حنيفَة رَحمَه الله يَقُول هِيَ زِيَادَة على مَا هُوَ
الْمَطْلُوب بِالِاسْمِ لِأَن اشتقاق اللَّفْظ من التفكه وَهُوَ التنعم قَالَ
تَعَالَى {انقلبوا فكهين} أَي منعمين والتنعم زَائِد على مَا بِهِ القوام وَالرّطب
وَالْعِنَب قوت يَقع بِهِ القوام وَالرُّمَّان فِي معنى الدَّوَاء وَقد يَقع بِهِ
القوام أَيْضا وَهُوَ قوت فِي جملَة التوابل وَمَا يَقع بِهِ القوام فَهُوَ زَائِد
على التنعم وَلِهَذَا عطف الله تَعَالَى الْفَاكِهَة عَلَيْهَا وَقَالَ
{وَعِنَبًا} إِلَى قَوْله </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَفَاكِهَة وَأَبا} فللزيادة لَا يَتَنَاوَلهَا مُطلق
الِاسْم كَمَا أَن للنقصان لَا يتَنَاوَل مُطلق الِاسْم للسمك وَالْجَرَاد</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لَو حلف لَا يَأْكُل إدَامًا عِنْد أبي
حنيفَة رَحمَه الله الإدام مَا يصطبغ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ تبع فَلَا يتَنَاوَل مَا
يَتَأَتَّى أكله مَقْصُودا من الْجُبْن وَالْبيض وَاللَّحم وعَلى قَول مُحَمَّد
رَحمَه الله يتَنَاوَل ذَلِك لكَمَال معنى المؤادمة وَهِي الْمُوَافقَة فِيهَا
كَمَا فِي الْمَسْأَلَة الأولى وَعَن أبي يُوسُف رَحمَه الله رِوَايَتَانِ فِي
هَذِه الْمَسْأَلَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان النَّوْع الثَّالِث وَهُوَ سِيَاق النّظم
فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {فَمن شَاءَ فليؤمن وَمن شَاءَ فليكفر إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا
للظالمين نَارا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>} <br />
(1/192) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن بسياق النّظم يتَبَيَّن أَن المُرَاد هُوَ
الزّجر والتوبيخ دون الْأَمر والتخيير وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْله تَعَالَى {اعْمَلُوا مَا
شِئْتُم إِنَّه بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِير} فَإِن بسياق النّظم يتَبَيَّن أَنه
لَيْسَ المُرَاد مَا هُوَ مُوجب صِيغَة الْأَمر بِهَذِهِ الصّفة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وعَلى هَذَا لَو أقرّ وَقَالَ لفُلَان عَليّ ألف
دِرْهَم إِن شَاءَ الله لم يلْزمه شَيْء وَلَو قَالَ لفُلَان عَليّ ألف دِرْهَم
لَيْسَ لَهُ عَليّ شَيْء إِن شَاءَ الله تلْزمهُ الْألف لِأَن قَوْله لَيْسَ
رُجُوع وَصِيغَة قَوْله إِن شَاءَ الله صِيغَة التَّعْلِيق والإرسال وَالتَّعْلِيق
كل وَاحِد مِنْهُمَا مُتَعَارَف بَين أهل اللِّسَان فَكَانَ ذَلِك من بَاب
الْبَيَان لَا من بَاب الرُّجُوع وَوُجُوب المَال عَلَيْهِ من حكم إرْسَال
الْكَلَام فَمَعَ صِيغَة التَّعْلِيق لَا يلْزمه حكم الْإِرْسَال بِاعْتِبَار
سِيَاق النّظم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَالَ فِي السّير الْكَبِير لَو قَالَ مُسلم لحربي
مَحْصُور انْزِلْ فَنزل كَانَ آمنا وَلَو قَالَ انْزِلْ إِن كنت رجلا فَنزل كَانَ
فَيْئا وَلَو قَالَ لَهُ الْحَرْبِيّ المأسور فِي يَده الْأمان الْأمان وَقَالَ
الْمُسلم فِي جَوَابه الْأمان الْأمان كَانَ آمنا حَتَّى لَو أَرَادَ قَتله بعد
هَذَا فعلى أُمَرَاء الْجَيْش أَن يمنعوه من ذَلِك وَلَا يصدقونه فِي قَوْله أردْت
رد كَلَامه وَلَو قَالَ الْأمان الْأمان ستعلم مَا تلقى أَو قَالَ الْأمان الْأمان
تطلب أَو قَالَ لَا تعجل حَتَّى ترى لم يكن ذَلِك أَمَانًا بِدلَالَة سِيَاق
النّظم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَالَ لغيره اصْنَع فِي مَالِي مَا
شِئْت إِن كنت رجلا أَو قَالَ طلق زَوْجَتي إِن كنت رجلا لم يكن توكيلا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو قَالَ لغيره لي عَلَيْك ألف دِرْهَم فَقَالَ
الآخر لَك عَليّ ألف دِرْهَم مَا أبعدك من ذَلِك لم يكن إِقْرَارا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَعرفنَا أَن بِدَلِيل سِيَاق النّظم تتْرك
الْحَقِيقَة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان النَّوْع الرَّابِع فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى
{واستفزز من اسْتَطَعْت مِنْهُم بصوتك} فَإِن كل وَاحِد يعلم بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ
بِأَمْر لِأَنَّهُ لَا يجوز أَن يظنّ ظان بِأَن الله تَعَالَى يَأْمر بالْكفْر
بِحَال فَتبين بِأَن المُرَاد الإقدار والإمكان لعلمنا أَن مَا يَأْتِي بِهِ
اللعين يكون بإقدار الله تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ إِيَّاه وَكَذَلِكَ قَول الْقَائِل
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِر لي يعلم أَنه سُؤال لَا أَمر لوصف الْمُتَكَلّم وَهُوَ أَن
العَبْد الْمُحْتَاج إِلَى نعْمَة مَوْلَاهُ لَا يطْلب مِنْهُ النِّعْمَة إلزاما
وَإِنَّمَا يسْأَله ذَلِك سؤالا وعَلى هَذَا قُلْنَا إِذا قَالَ لغيره تعال </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/193) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">تغد عِنْدِي فَقَالَ وَالله لَا أتغدى ثمَّ رَجَعَ
إِلَى بَيته فتغدى لَا يَحْنَث لِأَن الْمُتَكَلّم دَعَاهُ إِلَى الْغَدَاء
الَّذِي بَين يَدَيْهِ وَقد أخرج كَلَامه مخرج الْجَواب فَإِذا تقيد الْخطاب
بالمعلوم من إِرَادَة الْمُتَكَلّم يتَقَيَّد الْجَواب أَيْضا بِهِ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لَو قَامَت امْرَأَة لتخرج فَقَالَ لَهَا
إِن خرجت فَأَنت طَالِق فَرَجَعت ثمَّ خرجت بعد ذَلِك الْيَوْم لم تطلق وعَلى هَذَا
لَو قَالَت لَهُ زَوجته إِنَّك تَغْتَسِل فِي هَذِه الدَّار اللَّيْلَة من
الْجَنَابَة فَقَالَ إِن اغْتَسَلت فَعَبْدي حر ثمَّ اغْتسل فِيهَا فِي </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>(</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">غير)
تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَة أَو فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَة من غير الْجَنَابَة لم يَحْنَث</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان النَّوْع الْخَامِس فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى
{وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَى والبصير} فَإِن بِدلَالَة مَحل الْكَلَام يعلم أَنه
لَيْسَ المُرَاد نفي الْمُسَاوَاة بَينهمَا على الْعُمُوم بل فِيمَا يرجع إِلَى
الْبَصَر فَقَط وَقد قُلْنَا إِن لفظ الْعُمُوم فِي غير الْمحل الْقَابِل
للْعُمُوم يكون بِمَعْنى الْمُجْمل فَلَا يثبت بِهِ إِلَّا مَا يتَيَقَّن أَنه
مُرَاد بِهِ وَيكون ذَلِك شبه الْمجَاز لدلَالَة مَحل الْكَلَام وعَلى هَذَا قَالَ
عُلَمَاؤُنَا رَحِمهم الله فِي قَوْله عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام الْأَعْمَال
بِالنِّيَّاتِ وَفِي قَوْله عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام رفع عَن أمتِي الْخَطَأ
وَالنِّسْيَان وَمَا اسْتكْرهُوا عَلَيْهِ إِنَّه لَا يَقْتَضِي الْعُمُوم وارتفاع
الحكم لِأَن بِمحل الْكَلَام يتَبَيَّن أَنه لَيْسَ المُرَاد أصل الْعَمَل فَإِن
ذَلِك يتَحَقَّق بِغَيْر النِّيَّة وَمَعَ الْخَطَأ وَالنِّسْيَان وَالْإِكْرَاه
فإمَّا أَن يكون المُرَاد الحكم أَو الْإِثْم وَلَا يجوز أَن يُقَال كل وَاحِد
مِنْهُمَا مُرَاد لِأَنَّهُمَا يبتنيان على مَعْنيين متغايرين فَإِن الثَّوَاب على
الْعَمَل الَّذِي هُوَ عبَادَة وَالْإِثْم بِالْعَمَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ محرم يبتني
على الْعَزِيمَة وَالْقَصْد وَالْجَوَاز وَالْفساد الَّذِي هُوَ حكم يبتني على
الْأَدَاء بالأركان والشرائط أَلا ترى أَن من تَوَضَّأ بِالْمَاءِ النَّجس وَهُوَ
لَا يعلم بِهِ فصلى لم تجز صلَاته مُطلقًا حَتَّى لَو علم لزمَه الْإِعَادَة
وَمَعَ ذَلِك إِذا لم يعلم وَلم يكن مِنْهُ التَّقْصِير كَانَ مُطيعًا بِاعْتِبَار
قَصده وعزيمته فَيكون هَذَا بِمَنْزِلَة الْمُشْتَرك الَّذِي لَا عُمُوم لَهُ
لتغاير الْمَعْنى فِيمَا يحْتَملهُ فَلَا يجوز الِاحْتِجَاج بِهِ فِي حكم
الْجَوَاز وَالْفساد إِلَّا بِدَلِيل يقْتَرن بِهِ فَيصير كالمؤول حِينَئِذٍ فَأَما
مَا يعْتَرض من الدَّلِيل </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/194) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">الْمُوجب للنسخ أَو التَّخْصِيص فَلَيْسَ من هَذَا
الْبَاب فِي شَيْء وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا الْبَاب لمعْرِفَة الْوُجُوه فِيمَا يقْتَرن
بالْكلَام فَيصير حَقِيقَة وَدَلِيل النّسخ والتخصيص كَلَام معَارض إِلَّا أَن
النّسخ معَارض صُورَة وَحَقِيقَة والتخصيص معَارض صُورَة وَبَيَان معنى حَتَّى لَا
يكون إِلَّا بالمقارن وَلَكِن ذَلِك الْمُقَارن إِنَّمَا يتَبَيَّن بِمَا هُوَ نسخ
مُبْتَدأ صِيغَة فَعرفنَا أَنه لَيْسَ من هَذَا الْبَاب فِي شَيْء</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قَالَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ والعراقيون من مَشَايِخنَا
رَحِمهم الله يَزْعمُونَ أَنه لَا عُمُوم للنصوص الْمُوجبَة لتَحْرِيم الْأَعْيَان
نَحْو قَوْله تَعَالَى </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">حرمت عَلَيْكُم الْميتَة} وَقَوله تَعَالَى {حرمت
عَلَيْكُم أُمَّهَاتكُم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>} </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَوله عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام حرمت الْخمر لعينها
وَقَالُوا امْتنع ثُبُوت حكم الْعُمُوم فِي هَذِه الصُّورَة معنى لدلَالَة مَحل
الْكَلَام وَهُوَ أَن الْحل وَالْحُرْمَة لَا تكون وَصفا للمحل وَإِنَّمَا تكون
وَصفا لأفعالنا فِي الْمحل حَقِيقَة فَإِنَّمَا يصير الْمحل مَوْصُوفا بِهِ
مجَازًا وَهَذَا غلط فَاحش فَإِن الْحُرْمَة بِهَذِهِ النُّصُوص ثَابِتَة للأعيان
الموصوفة بهَا حَقِيقَة لِأَن إِضَافَة الْحُرْمَة إِلَى الْعين تنصيص على لُزُومه
وتحققه فِيهِ فَلَو جعلنَا الْحُرْمَة صفة للْفِعْل لم تكن الْعين حَرَامًا أَلا
ترى أَن شرب عصير الْغَيْر وَأكل مَال الْغَيْر فعل حرَام وَلم يكن ذَلِك دَلِيلا
على حُرْمَة الْعين وَلُزُوم هَذَا الْوَصْف للعين وَلَكِن عمل هَذِه النُّصُوص
فِي إِخْرَاج هَذِه الْمحَال من أَن تكون قَابِلَة للْفِعْل الْحَلَال وَإِثْبَات
صفة الْحُرْمَة لَازِمَة لأعيانها فَيكون ذَلِك بِمَنْزِلَة النّسخ الَّذِي هُوَ
رفع حكم وَإِثْبَات حكم آخر مَكَانَهُ فَبِهَذَا الطَّرِيق تقوم الْعين مقَام
الْفِعْل فِي إِثْبَات صفة الْحُرْمَة والحل لَهُ حَقِيقَة وَهَذَا إِذا تَأَمَّلت
فِي غَايَة التَّحْقِيق فَمَعَ إِمْكَان الْعَمَل بِهَذِهِ الصِّيغَة جعل هَذِه
الحرمات مجَازًا بِاعْتِبَار أَنَّهَا صفة للْفِعْل لَا للمحل يكون خطأ فَاحِشا </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/195) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فصل فِي إبانة طَرِيق المُرَاد بِمُطلق الْكَلَام</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قد بَينا أَن الْكَلَام ضَرْبَان حَقِيقَة ومجاز
وَأَنه لَا يحمل على الْمجَاز إِلَّا عِنْد تعذر حمله على الْحَقِيقَة فتمس
الْحَاجة إِلَى معرفَة الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز وَالطَّرِيق فِي ذَلِك هُوَ النّظر
فِي السَّبَب الدَّاعِي إِلَى تَعْرِيف ذَلِك الِاسْم فِي الْأَسْمَاء
الْمَوْضُوعَة لَا لِمَعْنى وَإِلَى تَعْرِيف الْمَعْنى فِي المعنويات فَمَا كَانَ
أقرب فِي ذَلِك فَهُوَ أَحَق وَمَا كَانَ أَكثر إِفَادَة فَهُوَ أولى بِأَن يَجْعَل
حَقِيقَة وَذَلِكَ يكون بطريقين التَّأَمُّل فِي مَحل الْكَلَام والتأمل فِي
صِيغَة الْكَلَام</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أما بَيَان التَّأَمُّل فِي الْمحل فِي اخْتِلَاف
الْعلمَاء فِي مُوجب الْعَام فَعِنْدَ بَعضهم مُوجبه عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق أخص
الْخُصُوص وَعِنْدنَا مُوجبه الْعُمُوم وَمَا قُلْنَاهُ أَحَق لِأَنَّهُ إِذا حمل
على أخص الْخُصُوص يبْقى بعض مَا تنَاوله مُطلق الْكَلَام غير مُرَاد بِهِ
وَالْمرَاد بالْكلَام تَعْرِيف مَا وضع الِاسْم لَهُ فَإِذا كَانَ صِيغَة الْعَام
مَوْضُوعا لِمَعْنى الْعُمُوم كَانَ حمله عَلَيْهِ عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق أَحَق
وَلِأَن الْخَاص اسْم آخر وَهُوَ مَا وضع لَهُ صِيغَة الْخَاص فَلَو جعلنَا صِيغَة
الْعَام تناولا للخاص أَيْضا فَقَط كَانَ ذَلِك تَكْرَارا مُحصنا وَإِذا كَانَ
الْمَقْصُود بِوَضْع الْأَسْمَاء فِي الأَصْل إِعْلَام المُرَاد فَحمل لفظين على
شَيْء وَاحِد يكون تَكْرَارا وإخراجا لأحد اللَّفْظَيْنِ من أَن يكون مُفِيدا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فَإِن قيل فَائِدَته التَّأْكِيد وتوسيع الْكَلَام
قُلْنَا نعم وَلَكِن هَذَا فِي الْفَائِدَة دون الْفَائِدَة الْمَطْلُوبَة بِأَصْل
الْوَضع وَالْإِطْلَاق يُوجب الْكَمَال فَإِذا حمل كل وَاحِد من اللَّفْظَيْنِ على
فَائِدَة جَدِيدَة بِاعْتِبَار أصل الْوَضع كَانَ ذَلِك أولى من أَن يحمل على
التّكْرَار لتوسعة الْكَلَام فهذان الدليلان من مَحل الْكَلَام قبل التَّأَمُّل
فِي صِيغَة اللَّفْظ وَلِهَذَا حملنَا قَوْله تَعَالَى {أَو لامستم النِّسَاء} على
المجامعة دون الْمس بِالْيَدِ لِأَنَّهُ إِذا حمل على الْمس بِالْيَدِ كَانَ
تَكْرَارا لنَوْع حدث وَاحِد وَإِذا حمل على المجامعة كَانَ بَيَانا لنوعي الْحَدث
وأمرا بِالتَّيَمُّمِ لَهما فَيكون أَكثر فَائِدَة مَعَ أَنه مَعْطُوف على مَا سبق
وَالسَّابِق ذكر نَوْعي الْحَدث فَإِن قَوْله {إِذا قُمْتُم إِلَى الصَّلَاة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>} <br />
(1/196) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">أَي وَأَنْتُم محدثون ثمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى {وَإِن
كُنْتُم جنبا فاطهروا} ثمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى {وَإِن كُنْتُم مرضى} إِلَى قَوْله
{فَلم تَجدوا مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُوا} فبدلالة مَحل الْكَلَام يتَبَيَّن أَن المُرَاد
الْجِمَاع دون الْمس بِالْيَدِ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَبَيَان الدّلَالَة من صِيغَة الْكَلَام فِي قَوْله
تَعَالَى {لَا يُؤَاخِذكُم الله بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانكُم وَلَكِن يُؤَاخِذكُم
بِمَا عقدتم الْأَيْمَان} قَالَ عُلَمَاؤُنَا رَحِمهم الله اللَّغْو مَا يكون
خَالِيا عَن فَائِدَة الْيَمين شرعا ووضعا فَإِن فَائِدَة الْيَمين إِظْهَار
الصدْق من الْخَبَر فَإِذا أضيف إِلَى خبر لَيْسَ فِيهِ احْتِمَال الصدْق كَانَ
خَالِيا عَن فَائِدَة الْيَمين فَكَانَ لَغوا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِي رَحمَه الله اللَّغْو مَا يجْرِي
على اللِّسَان من غير قصد وَلَا خلاف فِي جَوَاز إِطْلَاق اللَّفْظ على كل وَاحِد
مِنْهُمَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَكِن مَا قُلْنَاهُ أَحَق لِأَن مَا يجْرِي على
لِسَانه من غير قصد لَهُ اسْم آخر مَوْضُوع وَهُوَ الْخَطَأ الَّذِي هُوَ ضد
الْعمد أَو السَّهْو الَّذِي هُوَ ضد التحفظ فَأَما مَا يكون خَالِيا عَن
الْفَائِدَة لِمَعْنى فِي نَفسه لَا بِحَال الْمُتَكَلّم فَلَيْسَ لَهُ اسْم
مَوْضُوع سوى أَنه لَغْو فَحَمله عَلَيْهِ أولى أَلا ترى إِلَى قَوْله {وَإِذا
سمعُوا اللَّغْو أَعرضُوا عَنهُ} يَعْنِي الْكَلَام الْفَاحِش الَّذِي هُوَ خَال
عَن فَائِدَة الْكَلَام بطرِيق الْحِكْمَة دون مَا يجْرِي من غير قصد فَإِن ذَلِك
لَا عتب فِيهِ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {لَا يسمعُونَ فِيهَا لَغوا إِلَّا سَلاما}
وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {والغوا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تغلبون} وَمَعْلُوم أَن مُرَاد
الْمُشْركين التعنت أَي إِن لم تقدروا على المغالبة بِالْحجَّةِ فاشتغلوا بِمَا
هُوَ خَال عَن الْفَائِدَة من الْكَلَام ليحصل مقصودكم بطرِيق المغالبة دون
المحاجة وَلم يكن مقصودهم التَّكَلُّم بِغَيْر قصد وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {وَإِذا مروا
بِاللَّغْوِ مروا كراما} أَي صَبَرُوا عَن الْجَواب وَذَلِكَ فِي الْكَلَام
الْخَالِي عَن الْفَائِدَة دون مَا يجْرِي من غير قصد وَلِأَن فَسَاد مَا يجْرِي
من غير قصد بِاعْتِبَار معنى فِي الْمحل وَهُوَ الْقلب الَّذِي هُوَ السَّبَب
الْبَاعِث على التَّكَلُّم وَفَسَاد مَا لَا فَائِدَة فِيهِ بِاعْتِبَار معنى فِي
نفس الْكَلَام فَكَانَ هُوَ أقرب إِلَى الْحَقِيقَة فَيحمل اللَّفْظ عَلَيْهِ
عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَا اخْتلفُوا فِي العقد فَقَالَ الْخصم العقد
عبارَة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/197) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">عَن الْقَصْد فَإِن الْعَزِيمَة سميت عقيدة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَقُلْنَا العقد اسْم لربط كَلَام بِكَلَام نَحْو ربط
لفظ الْيَمين بالْخبر الَّذِي فِيهِ رَجَاء الصدْق لإِيجَاب حكم (بِكَلَام) وَهُوَ
الصدْق مِنْهُ وَكَذَلِكَ ربط البيع بِالشِّرَاءِ لإِيجَاب حكمه وَهُوَ الْملك
فَكَانَ مَا قُلْنَاهُ أقرب إِلَى الْحَقِيقَة لِأَن الْكَلِمَة بِاعْتِبَار
الْوَضع من عقد الْحَبل وَهُوَ شدّ بعضه بِبَعْض وضده الْحل مِنْهُ تَقول الْعَرَب
يَا عاقدا ذكر حلا وَقَالَ الْقَائِل ولقلب الْمُحب حل وَعقد ثمَّ يستعار (لربط
الْإِيجَاب بِالْقبُولِ على وَجه ينْعَقد أَحدهمَا بِالْآخرِ حكما فيسمى عقدا ثمَّ
يستعار) لما يكون سَببا لهَذَا الرَّبْط وَهُوَ عَزِيمَة الْقلب فَكَانَ ذَلِك دون
العقد الَّذِي هُوَ ضد الْحل فِيمَا وضع الِاسْم لَهُ فَحَمله عَلَيْهِ يكون أَحَق</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن ذَلِك مَا قُلْنَا فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى
{ثَلَاثَة قُرُوء} إِنَّهَا الْحيض دون الْأَطْهَار لِأَن اللَّفْظ إِمَّا أَن
يكون مأخوذا من الْقُرْء الَّذِي هُوَ الِاجْتِمَاع قَالَ تَعَالَى {فَإِذا قرأناه
فَاتبع قرآنه} وَقَالَ الْقَائِل هجان اللَّوْن لم يقر أَجْنَبِيّا وَهَذَا
الْمَعْنى فِي الْحيض أَحَق لِأَن معنى الِاجْتِمَاع فِي قطرات الدَّم على وَجه
لَا بُد مِنْهُ ليَكُون حيضا فَإِنَّهُ مَا لم تمتد رُؤْيَة الدَّم لَا يكون حيضا
وَإِن كَانَ الدَّم يجْتَمع فِي حَالَة الطُّهْر فِي رَحمهَا فالاسم حَقِيقَة للدم
الْمُجْتَمع ثمَّ زَمَانه يُسمى بِهِ مجَازًا وَإِن كَانَ مأخوذا من الْوَقْت
الْمَعْلُوم كَمَا قَالَ الْقَائِل إِذا هبت لِقَارِئِهَا الرِّيَاح وَقَالَ آخر
لَهُ قرء كقرء الْحَائِض فَذَلِك بِزَمَان الْحيض أليق لِأَنَّهُ هُوَ الْوَقْت
الْمَعْلُوم الَّذِي يحْتَاج إِلَى إِعْلَامه لمعْرِفَة مَا تعلق بِهِ من
الْأَحْكَام وَإِن كَانَ مأخوذا من معنى الِانْتِقَال كَمَا يُقَال قَرَأَ
النَّجْم إِذا انْتقل فحقيقة الِانْتِقَال تكون بِالْحيضِ لَا بِالطُّهْرِ إِذْ
الطُّهْر أصل فباعتبار صِيغَة اللَّفْظ يتَبَيَّن أَن حمله على الْحيض أَحَق </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/198) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَكَذَلِكَ لفظ النِّكَاح فَإِنَّمَا نحمله على
الْوَطْء والخصم على العقد وَمَا قُلْنَاهُ أَحَق لِأَن الِاسْم فِي أصل الْوَضع
لِمَعْنى الضَّم والالتزام يَقُول الْقَائِل أنكح الصَّبْر أَي الْتَزمهُ وضمه
إِلَيْك وَمعنى الضَّم فِي الْوَطْء يتَحَقَّق بِمَا يحصل من معنى الِاتِّحَاد
بَين الواطئين عِنْد ذَلِك الْفِعْل وَلِهَذَا يُسمى جماعا ثمَّ العقد يُسمى
نِكَاحا بِاعْتِبَار أَنه سَبَب يتَوَصَّل بِهِ إِلَى ذَلِك الضَّم فبالتأمل فِي
صِيغَة اللَّفْظ يتَبَيَّن أَن الْوَطْء أَحَق بِهِ إِلَّا فِي الْموضع الَّذِي
يتَعَذَّر حمله عَلَيْهِ فَحِينَئِذٍ يحمل على مَا هُوَ مجَاز عَنهُ وَهُوَ العقد
وَهَذَا هُوَ الحكم فِي كل لفظ مُحْتَمل للْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز أَنه إِذا تعذر
حمله على الْحَقِيقَة يحمل على الْمجَاز لتصحيح الْكَلَام وَهَذَا التَّعَذُّر
إِمَّا لعدم الْإِمْكَان أَو لكَونه مَهْجُورًا عرفا أَو لكَونه مَهْجُورًا شرعا
فَالَّذِي هُوَ مُتَعَذر نَحْو مَا إِذا حلف أَن لَا يَأْكُل من هَذِه النَّخْلَة
أَو من هَذِه الكرمة فَإِن يَمِينه تَنْصَرِف إِلَى الثَّمَرَة لِأَن مَا هُوَ
الْحَقِيقَة فِي كَلَامه مُتَعَذر وَأما المهجور عرفا فنحو مَا إِذا حلف أَن لَا
يشرب من هَذِه الْبِئْر فَإِنَّهُ ينْصَرف يَمِينه إِلَى الشّرْب من مَاء الْبِئْر
لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة وَهُوَ الكرع فِي الْبِئْر مهجورة وَاخْتلف مَشَايِخنَا أَنه
إِذا كرع هَل يَحْنَث أم لَا فَمنهمْ من يَقُول يَحْنَث أَيْضا لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة
لَا تتعطل وَإِن حمل اللَّفْظ على الْمجَاز وَسَوَاء أَخذ المَاء فِي كوز وشربه
أَو كرع فِي الْبِئْر فقد شرب مَاء الْبِئْر فَيحنث وَمِنْهُم من يَقُول لَا يَحْنَث
لِأَنَّهُ لما صَار الْمجَاز مرَادا سقط اعْتِبَار الْحَقِيقَة على مَا قَالَ فِي
الْجَامِع لَو قَالَ لأجنبية إِن نكحتك فَعَبْدي حر ينْصَرف يَمِينه إِلَى العقد
دون الْوَطْء</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو قَالَ لزوجته إِن نكحتك ينْصَرف إِلَى الْوَطْء
دون العقد حَتَّى لَو أَبَانهَا ثمَّ تزَوجهَا لم يَحْنَث مَا لم يَطَأهَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَلَو قَالَ للمطلقة الرَّجْعِيَّة إِن رَاجَعتك
ينْصَرف إِلَى الرّجْعَة دون ابْتِدَاء العقد وَلَو قَالَ للمبانة إِن رَاجَعتك
ينْصَرف إِلَى ابْتِدَاء العقد وَلَكِن الأول أوجه لَا بِاعْتِبَار الْجمع بَين
الْحَقِيقَة وَالْمجَاز فِي كَونه مرَادا بِاللَّفْظِ بل بِاعْتِبَار عُمُوم
الْمجَاز وَهُوَ شرب مَاء الْبِئْر بِأَيّ طَرِيق شربه وعَلى هَذَا قُلْنَا مُطلق
التَّوْكِيل بِالْخُصُومَةِ ينْصَرف إِلَى الْجَواب وَإِن كَانَ ذَلِك مجَازًا
لِأَن الْحَقِيقَة مهجورة شرعا فَإِن الْمُدَّعِي إِذا كَانَ محقا فالمدعي
عَلَيْهِ لَا يملك الْإِنْكَار شرعا وَلَا يجوز لَهُ التَّوْكِيل بذلك فَيحمل
اللَّفْظ على الْمجَاز عِنْد الْإِطْلَاق ثمَّ يَصح مِنْهُ الْإِنْكَار
وَالْإِقْرَار بِاعْتِبَار معنى عُمُوم الْمجَاز وَهُوَ أَنه جَوَاب للخصم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وَمن حلف أَن لَا يكلم هَذَا الصَّبِي فَكَلمهُ
بَعْدَمَا صَار شَيخا يَحْنَث بِاعْتِبَار أَن الْحَقِيقَة مهجورة </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
(1/199) <br />
<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">شرعا فَإِن الصَّبِي سَبَب للترحم شرعا لَا للهجران
فَيتَعَيَّن الْمجَاز لهَذَا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وأمثلة هَذَا أَكثر من أَن تحصى وَالله أعلم</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
==========================<span style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fcff01;"><br />
</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fcff01; font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b> <span style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://usolalfeqhwdwaptoh.blogspot.com/2021/04/blog-post.html">المجاز والحقيقة واستخدامهما في الشريعة الاسلامية تعقيبا علي السرخسي الأصولي</a> <br /><a href="https://usolalfeqhwdwaptoh.blogspot.com/2021/04/blog-post.html">المجاز والحقيقة واستخدامهما في الشريعة الاسلامية ت...</a></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Naskh Medium"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> </span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">=========================</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الشواهد </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">م / </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">طرف الحديث / </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الصحابي / </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اسم الكتاب </span><br />
1<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=150&pid=105913"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر/</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم </span><br />
2 /<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=149&pid=105913"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم </span><br />
3 <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=195&hid=1232&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جامع الترمذي </span><br />
4 /<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=184&hid=2999&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن أبي داود </span><br />
5 /<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=173&hid=2215&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن ابن ماجه </span><br />
6/<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=173&hid=2216&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لعلك غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> /<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن ابن ماجه </span><br />
7 /<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=137&hid=2461&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر/</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن الدارمي </span><br />
8 /<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=16145&pid=60771"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار/</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
9//<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=15520&pid=60297"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
10 <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=4968&pid=60279"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
11 <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=7118&pid=60289"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
12 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=9191&pid=60289"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
13 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=5014&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر /</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
14 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=572&pid=264625"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
15 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=5675&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
16 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2091&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس مني</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
17 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2089&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
18 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2090&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
19 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2092&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
20 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=365&hid=121&pid=183873"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مستخرج أبي عوانة </span><br />
21 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=238&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
22 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=239&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
23 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=240&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
24 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1711&hid=3366&pid=634109"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من انتهب أو سلب أو أشار بالسلب</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأحاديث المختارة </span><br />
25 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1711&hid=4037&pid=634109"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من رمانا بالليل فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأحاديث المختارة </span><br />
26 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4208&hid=1121&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مختصر الأحكام المستخرج على جامع الترمذي </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-color: red;"> الاستحلال هو بددععة اصحاب التأويل
</span></span><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--></p><p>
</p><div style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themeshade: 128; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themeshade: 128; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 72pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">الإستحلال</span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ان مصطلح الاستحلال الذي صنعه
النووي وأصحاب التأويل وزجوا به في وسط نصوص الوعيد والزجر هو مصطلح ما أنزل الله
به من سلطان ذلك لأنه تدرجا طبيعيا من انفعالات الكفر التي تبدأ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">بالعصيان</span> وتنتهي <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">بالحرب علي نصوص الشرع</span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وهكذا فالمستحل لمنكر أو
لمعصية <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هو رجل علم أن هذا المنكر معصية
وتعمد اتيانه </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/ فالعبرة فيه ليس كونه
استحلالا ولكن العبرة فيه لكونة عصيانا للجبار جل جلاله </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وانما صنعوه <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وألَّفوه ليعموا علي الناس ويهونوا عليهم ارتكاب
المعصية ولو متعمدين </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ولو صح توجههم لجاءت الملامة
علي الاستحلال المزعوم في كل آيات القران <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لكن
الله تعالي جعل الملامة علي الفعل الاصلي <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وهو
العصيان</span> مع الاصرار عليه فقال سبحانه { قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَدْعُو رَبِّي وَلَا
أُشْرِكُ بِهِ أَحَدًا <a name="72-21">(20)</a> قُلْ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ
ضَرًّا وَلَا رَشَدًا <a name="72-22">(21)</a> قُلْ إِنِّي لَنْ يُجِيرَنِي مِنَ
اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مُلْتَحَدًا <a name="72-23">(22)</a>
إِلَّا بَلَاغًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِسَالَاتِهِ<span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;"> وَمَنْ
يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا
أَبَدًا </span><a name="72-24">(23)</a> -الجن} </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">/ قلت المدون فحد المؤاخذة هو
العصيان و ما الاستحلال الا خطوة علي طريق المعصية يعني هو </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">معصية + لا توبة{يعني اصرار} +
يجهر بها </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ولا وجود لمجاهرة او اصرار مالم
يكن للمعصية وجود<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولذلك فإن كل مؤاخذات
القرآن نشأت علي تعمد المعصية ولم نجد ولو بعض آية قد أسست المؤاخذة علي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ما يسمي بالاستحلال <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ومؤاخذة آدم كانت علي تعمد المعصية وليس
الاستحلال </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>=</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">إن الفرق بين المعصية والاستحلال هو اغلاق طريق
الرجوع الي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الله والتوبة اليه <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لكن</span></b><b><span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">هما</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> يلزمهما كلاهما أي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>المعصية و الاستحلال <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>توبة فكما يلزم العاصي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فيلزم المستحل نفس التوية </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وما لم تتواجد التوبة
فالاصرار كما هو الاستحلال كلاهما طريقا الهلاك لأصحابهما </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">= وهكذا لتنظر كيف أقام
القران الكريم المؤاخذة علي المعصية ولم يتطرق قط الي الاستحلال المزعوم </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">- قال
تعالي { وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَى <a name="79-20">(19)</a> فَأَرَاهُ
الْآَيَةَ الْكُبْرَى <a name="79-21">(20)</a> <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">فَكَذَّبَ
وَعَصَي</span> <a name="79-22">(21)</a> ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ يَسْعَى <a name="79-23">(22)</a>
فَحَشَرَ فَنَادَى <a name="79-24">(23)</a> فَقَالَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلَى <a name="79-25">(24)</a> فَأَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ نَكَالَ الْآَخِرَةِ وَالْأُولَى <a name="79-26">(25)</a> إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِمَنْ يَخْشَى <a name="79-27">(26)</a>
/سورة النازعات} </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">= و قوله
تعالي {{ فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ قَالَ يَا آَدَمُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى
شَجَرَةِ الْخُلْدِ وَمُلْكٍ لَا يَبْلَى <a name="20-121">(120)</a> فَأَكَلَا
مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآَتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ
وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">وَعَصَى
آَدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى</span> <a name="20-122">(121)</a> ثُمَّ اجْتَبَاهُ رَبُّهُ
فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَى <a name="20-123">(122)</a>-سورة طه} </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">= وهي نفس القاعدة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[ وعصي ادم] </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">= وقوم عاد عصوا رسل الله
ونتج الإنسياب الطبيعي للمعصية وهو كل ما يمكن ان ياتي من ورائها كالجحود واتباع
امر الجبابرة ذوي العناد </span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقوله
تعالي { وَتِلْكَ عَادٌ جَحَدُوا بِآَيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَصَوْا رُسُلَهُ
وَاتَّبَعُوا أَمْرَ كُلِّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ <a name="11-60">(59)</a> وَأُتْبِعُوا
فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَعْنَةً وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَلَا إِنَّ عَادًا
كَفَرُوا رَبَّهُمْ أَلَا بُعْدًا لِعَادٍ قَوْمِ هُودٍ <a name="11-61">(60)</a>
وَإِلَى ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا
لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ هُوَ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ
فِيهَا فَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَبِّي قَرِيبٌ مُجِيبٌ <a name="11-62">(61)</a> قَالُوا يَا صَالِحُ قَدْ كُنْتَ فِينَا مَرْجُوًّا قَبْلَ
هَذَا أَتَنْهَانَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ مَا يَعْبُدُ آَبَاؤُنَا وَإِنَّنَا لَفِي شَكٍّ
مِمَّا تَدْعُونَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ (62) قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ
كُنْتُ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَآَتَانِي مِنْهُ رَحْمَةً فَمَنْ
يَنْصُرُنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ عَصَيْتُهُ فَمَا تَزِيدُونَنِي غَيْرَ تَخْسِيرٍ <a name="11-64">(63)</a> وَيَا قَوْمِ هَذِهِ نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ آَيَةً
فَذَرُوهَا تَأْكُلْ فِي أَرْضِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَمَسُّوهَا بِسُوءٍ فَيَأْخُذَكُمْ
عَذَابٌ قَرِيبٌ <a name="11-65">(64)</a>{- هود} </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themeshade: 128; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وهكذا جعل
صالح الملامة علي العصيان ولا وجود لسيرة الاستحلال مطلقا </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">ان الاستحلال المزعوم هو من
مرادفات المعصية بزيادة او نقص في المدلول يؤكد اشتراكهما في المؤاخذة سواءا بسواء
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقول الله تعالي { فَكَيْفَ
إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ
شَهِيدًا <a name="4-42">(41)</a> يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">كَفَرُوا وَعَصَوُا الرَّسُولَ</span>
لَوْ تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الْأَرْضُ وَلَا يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثًا <a name="4-43">(42)</a>-
النساء} وما الكفر في أصله إلا معصية أخذت ثوب التغطية علي الحق هنا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<div style="background: rgb(250, 191, 143) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(250, 191, 143) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">- تِلْكَ
حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي
مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ <a name="4-14">(13)</a> <span style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; mso-shading-themecolor: accent2; mso-shading-themeshade: 128; mso-themecolor: background1;">وَمَنْ
يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا
فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ </span>(14)- النساء فالتعويل أساسا علي العصيان ثم
يأتي من بعده مسمي المعصية ان كفر أو جحود أو أي مسمي لهذه المعصية<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ألم تري كيف آخذ الله جل وعلا آدم علي معصيته
وكان نص القران بالمؤآخذة جليا واضحا قال تعالي <span style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; mso-shading-themecolor: accent2; mso-shading-themeshade: 128; mso-themecolor: background1;">{فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآَتُهُمَا
وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(229, 184, 183) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-shading-themecolor: accent2; mso-shading-themetint: 102; padding: 0cm;">وَعَصَى
آَدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَى</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: white; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-shading-themecolor: accent2; mso-shading-themeshade: 128; mso-themecolor: background1;"> (121) ثُمَّ اجْتَبَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَى (122)-</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">سورة
طه}</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> ولم يقل فاستحل آدم المعصية مثلا كما
يزعم أصحاب التأويل في أباطيلهم </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;">كما قال الله تعالي </span></span>{{</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا
مَعْدُودَةً قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَنْ يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ
عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (<a name="2-81"><span style="color: red;">80</span></a>) <span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: black;">بَلَى مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ
خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ</span></span> (<a name="2-82"><span style="color: red;">81</span></a>) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا
الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (<a name="2-83"><span style="color: red;">82</span></a>)/البقرة}</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">فالقطع الإلهي حكم وقضي أن الإعتبار بالإصرار علي المعصية أو السيئة والموت عليها بإستدراك الباري بلفظ [[ بلي من كسب سيئة]] ولم يقل- <span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: red;">بلي من استحل سيئة؟؟!!-</span></span> كما يزعم أصحاب التأويل <br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">قلت المدون والإحاطة هي الإغلاق علي مرتكب السيئة والموت عليها دون توبة عياذا بالله الواحد لأن التوبة تكسر وتمنع الإحاطة </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEnrNHkcb926RYeuLj3Y9P-3lzz5RBwTmLzFvCbaMOIHSXGKEHO6Uogh8lZfWwTh4wOXKltq-PusK2PMgO5oY9zphg1F9PesN9jhCkJs0gedpynYA1K29D3G0L83NLxIqi_ahjz60YzE/s317/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A9.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="169" data-original-width="317" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcEnrNHkcb926RYeuLj3Y9P-3lzz5RBwTmLzFvCbaMOIHSXGKEHO6Uogh8lZfWwTh4wOXKltq-PusK2PMgO5oY9zphg1F9PesN9jhCkJs0gedpynYA1K29D3G0L83NLxIqi_ahjz60YzE/w320-h171/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A9.png" width="320" /></a></span></b> <br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">قال تعالي {{مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ
فَلَا يُجْزَى إِلَّا مِثْلَهَا وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (<a name="6-161">160</a>)/سورة الأنعام </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وقال أيضا {{</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b>لِلَّذِينَ
أَحْسَنُوا الْحُسْنَى وَزِيَادَةٌ وَلَا يَرْهَقُ وُجُوهَهُمْ قَتَرٌ وَلَا
ذِلَّةٌ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (<a name="10-27">26</a>) وَالَّذِينَ <span style="color: #fcff01;"><span style="background-color: black;">كَسَبُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ</span></span> جَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ
بِمِثْلِهَا وَتَرْهَقُهُمْ ذِلَّةٌ مَا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ
كَأَنَّمَا أُغْشِيَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ قِطَعًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مُظْلِمًا <span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #20124d;">أُولَئِكَ
أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ</span></span> (<a name="10-28">27</a>)/سورة يونس</b></span>}} وكسب السيئات جاء هنا بصيغة الجمع الذي يدل علي مفهوم التراكم يعني تتراكم السيئة فوق السيئة دون أن يكون هناك مانعا للتراكم{التوبة}</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وهو كمفهوم الإحاطة تماما </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">والمؤاخذة هنا ليست علي الاستحلال المزعوم بل علي السيئة وعدم الخروج من محيطها بالتوبة </span></b></p><p align="justify" dir="rtl"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">وقال تعالي <span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">{ </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="line-height: 150%;"><b>مَنْ جَاءَ
بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">وَهُمْ مِنْ فَزَعٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ آمِنُونَ</span></span> (<a name="27-90">89</a>) <span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #ff00fe;">وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَكُبَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فِي
النَّارِ هَلْ تُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ</span></span> (<a name="27-91">90</a>) <span style="font-family: Source Sans Pro;">
إِنَّمَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةِ الَّذِي حَرَّمَهَا
وَلَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ (<a name="27-92">91</a>) وَأَنْ أَتْلُوَ الْقُرْآنَ فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى فَإِنَّمَا
يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ ضَلَّ فَقُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ (<a name="27-93">92</a>) وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ سَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ
فَتَعْرِفُونَهَا وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (<a name="27-94">93</a>)</span></b></span>/سورة النمل </span></span></b></p><p align="justify" dir="rtl"><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال تعالي {</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ
فَلَا يُجْزَى الَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
(<a name="28-85">84</a>) /سورة القصص}</span></span></b></p><p align="justify" dir="rtl"><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></b></p><p align="justify" dir="rtl"><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال تعالي {</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> مَنْ عَمِلَ سَيِّئَةً فَلَا يُجْزَى إِلَّا مِثْلَهَا وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا
مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ
يُرْزَقُونَ فِيهَا بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (<a name="40-41">40</a>) /غافر} </span></span><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> فالبيان الآكد أن المؤاخذة هي علي المعصية لا علي إستحلالها كما يزعم أصحاب التأويل ومنهم بطبيعة الحال النووي </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> </span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(250, 191, 143) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"></span></b></div><p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">----------@--------------</span></b></p>
<div style="border: 6pt ridge windowtext; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; line-height: 150%; mso-border-alt: three-d-emboss windowtext 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">والملخص المفيد هو أن الاستحلال
مصطلح مصنوع بمعرفة المتأولين ما أنزل الله به من سلطان <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لتمرير كل المصطلحات التي أصتدم أصحاب التأول
بها في مسار تأويلاتهم الباطلة لتبرير أن المصرين علي الكبائر سيدخلون الجنة اما
مع الداخلين أو بعد الداخلين </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(29, 27, 17) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; color: white; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-shading-themecolor: background2; mso-shading-themeshade: 26; mso-themecolor: background1; padding: 0cm;">قلت المدون</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">
وساعدهم اي أصحاب التأول وجود جملة من النصوص ابتلاهم الله بتشابهها فوقعوا زيغا
وضلالا في فتنتها وهو القائل سبحانه <span style="color: #c00000;">{</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ <span style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; padding: 0cm;">مِنْهُ آَيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ
الْكِتَابِ</span> -</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(29, 27, 17) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; color: white; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-shading-themecolor: background2; mso-shading-themeshade: 26; mso-themecolor: background1; padding: 0cm;">وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ فَأَمَّا
الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ
الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"> وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي
الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آَمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنَا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ
إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ <a name="3-8">(7)</a> رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا
بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ
الْوَهَّابُ <a name="3-9">(8)</a> رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ جَامِعُ النَّاسِ لِيَوْمٍ لَا
رَيْبَ فِيهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ (9)</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">-آل عمران }</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">هذه النصوص مثل </span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">1.نص حديث أبي ذر </span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">2.ونص حديث محرز القعنبي عند مسلم</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">وهي نصوص متشابهة جاءء التشابه فيها من كونها مختصرة الرواية أو جاءت بصيغة الماضي وصيغة الماضب متشابة الدلالة لأن الحدث في الماضي دائما متشابها انظر تحقبقنا لحديث ابي ذر {الذي فيه وإن زنا وإن سرق ...} مدونة قانون الحق الإلهي<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href=" https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/ "> https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/ </a></span></span></span></b></p><ul class="posts"><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_67.html">لماذا قالوا أن من قال لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة و...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_88.html">النطق بالشهادة شيئ وصحة الشهادة شيئ آخر</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_77.html">هل من قال لا اله الا الله الشواهد علي صحة من قال ...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/3_23.html">استمرار 3 من قال لا اله الا الله دخل الجنة بشروط ا...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/4_23.html">اطراف حديث من قال لا اله الا الله استمرار 4.</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_51.html">اذْهَبْ بِنَعْلَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ ، فَمَنْ لَقِيتَ مِن...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_25.html">اطراف حديث من قال لا اله الا الله مخلصا مصدقا صادق...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_24.html">اسانيد حديث من قال لا اله الا الله مخلصا من قلبه د...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_81.html">الاطراف والاسانيد لحديث ما الاسلام</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_79.html">** بَاب بَيَانِ الإِيمَانِ وَالإِسْلَامِ وَالإِحْس...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_53.html">*شواهد، أطراف ، الأسانيد /حديث جبريل ما الاسلام م...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_26.html">*أطراف ، الأسانيد /حديث جبريل ما الاسلام ما الايم...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_27.html">// الأسانيد /حديث جبريل ما الاسلام ما الايمان ما ا...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_52.html">تخريج وشواهد حديث لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ ، مَنْ ل...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_73.html">صحيح مسلم » كِتَاب الإِيمَانِ</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_89.html">*التوبة هي كل الإسلام</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_95.html">آيات في التوبة ووجوبها</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_48.html">إن نصوص الزجر كلها مثل(لا يؤمن أحدكم حتي أكون أحب ...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_34.html">/*/ حديث: لا يؤمن أحدكم حتى أكون أحبَّ إليه من ولد...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/5-76-5-76-12_26.html">وتأخر الطلاق إلي بعد العدة 5-7/6هـ حسب تحقيقات حفا...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_10.html">صفات النسيج القراني التجانس والانسجام والترابط وان...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_4.html">التوبة فرض وتكليف لا يقوم الإسلام إلا بها</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_35.html">بادروا قبل أن تغادروا وتوبوا إلى الله جميعاً أيها ...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_37.html">مكرر/ التوبة فرض وتكليف لا يقوم الإسلام إلا بها</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_90.html">** وتوبوا إلى الله جميعاً</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_86.html">التغير التاريخي والسقوط الزمني لأمة الإسلام حتي آل...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_59.html">الآيات التي ذكر فيها الشيطان وتأكيد الرحمن علي أنه...</a></b></span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/07/blog-post_379.html">دور استخدام المتشابه من النصوص في احطاط قيم أمة ال...</a></b></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">لقد
عجبت كثيرا ولم ينقشع عني دواعي العجب حتي يومنا هذا من ائتلاف عموم المسلمين
اليوم وأمس البعيد والأمس القريب مع هذه الأباطيل لكنني أحاول الخروج من هذا العجب
بإقناع نفسي وعزو الأمر إلي تمكن هالات التبجيل للعلماء من نفوس المسلمين لدرجة
طغت علي حق الله ورسوله في الانصياع له وحده ورد الأمر لله ورسوله بتبجيل مطلق
والتزام لنصوص الشرع كما نزل بمقصود الله ومقصود نبيه خاصة وأن الله تعالي في أول
سورة آل عمران قد صرح بأنه جل شأنه أنزل علي عبده الكتاب منه آيات محكمات هن أم
الكتاب وأخر متشابهات </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي
قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ
وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آَمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ
رَبِّنَا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">-</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(29, 27, 17) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 150%; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 26; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; color: white; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: background1; padding: 0cm;">قال
تعالي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: background1;"> {</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ
الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آَيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ
مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا
تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ
تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آَمَنَّا بِهِ
كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنَا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (7)</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: background1;"><b>-
آل عمران} <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="border-bottom: groove; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext; border-left: ridge; border-right: groove; border-style: ridge groove groove ridge; border-top: ridge; border-width: 6pt; font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-color-alt: windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-right-alt: three-d-engrave; mso-border-top-alt: three-d-emboss; mso-border-width-alt: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; padding: 0cm;">قلت المدون</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>كما ساعدهم علي التمادي في تحريف الدين كله فيما
جاءت به <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>نصوص الوعيد والزجر اتباع أعلامهم
ونكسة علمائهم وانحرافهم بجملة هذه التأويلات عن مسار الحق وصنعهم لدين موازٍ لدين
الله الحق أن سكت المسلمون جميعا عن أن ينتهروهم أو يأخذون علي أيديهم كي يبقي
الدين الحق كما هو شامخا في علوه قيما <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بمحتواه
بل الطامة أن انساق جُلُ العلماء والحافظين لكلامهم وهم حفنة وقلة أفلحوا أن يغرزا
أنياب التحريف ومخالبها في أجسادهم الخانعة الراضية بهذا الهوان مثل قولهم كفر دون
كفر وكفر لا يخرج من الملة وكفر أكبر وأصغر ومسلم كافر ومسلم عاص وهلم جرا </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وحسبت ان المسألة منحصرة في
ما هو ظاهر من أحوال المسلمين وما هو باطن لكنني فجعت عندما لم يداخلني شك في أنهم
طغوا علي الظاهر والباطن وتجاوزوه لموقف الحشر وقولهم يتألون علي الله بأن الميت
مصرا علي الكبائر سيدخل الجنة مع او بعد الداخلين</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-color: black;">قلت المدون</span></span> كما ساعدهم علي
تماديهم في غي التأويل وضلالاته أن غضوا الطرف عن النصوص المحكمة واسبدلوها بالنوص
المتشابهة <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>التي استخدموها كلها وهي
متشابهه كأنها محكمة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مثل// <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">1- حديث
محرر بن قعنب الباهلي <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في حديث من قال لا
اله الا الله دخل الجنة دون اعتبار منهم لحل محرر بن قعنب الباهلي ودون اعتبارٍ للاحاديث
الأصح والتامة بزياداتها من الصدق والاخلاص والخوف من الله و.... وأباحوا عظم
الحديث بلا تمام ناقصا الرواية للعصاه المتجرئين علي حق الله ورسوله بل وتجاوزا
ذلك الي القطع بأن الميت مصرا علي الكبائر سيدخل الجنة مع الداخلين<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أو بعدهم بزعم أنه قال لا اله الا الله وان مات
مصرا علي الكبائر </span><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></span></p><h2 class="title"><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">حديث من قال لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة حديث تفر د به الراوي وروا مختصرا</span></span></span></h2><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2020/01/blog-post_15.html">https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2020/01/blog-post_15.html</a></span></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2020/01/blog-post_15.html">-</a></span></span><a><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">-------------------------</span></span>----------</a></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2-
حديث ابي ذر وفيه { وان زنا وإن سرق وشرب الخمر رغم أنف أبي ذر} وغاب عنهم
الدلالات القوية جدا في سياق الحديث مثل دلالة الزمن للفعل الماضي الذي يفيد ظنية
الدلالة فالفعل الماضي دلالته ظنية </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">3=
ومثل حديث البطاقة وقد وضحتا في زاوية الحق الأبلج {انظر مدونة قانون الحق الإلهي}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">4= وحديث
المقحمات الذي أظهر فيه النووي تحريفاته بكل وضوح وضلال ضمنه تأويله أياه </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">=
هذه جملة من النصوص الظنية المتشابهه {انظر مدونة قانون الحق الإلهي}</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">===================-==========</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">وهكذا
فالتعويل علي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>العصيان وكذب من ادعي أن
التعويل علي غيره كالاستحلال وخلافه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وتبين
أن الزج بما زعموه هو محض افتراء وتأليف واصطناع من خيالهم </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا
هو الاستحلال المزعوم <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></p>
✌✌✌ <br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> </span><br />
27 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=322&hid=556&pid=152065"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المنتقى من السنن المسندة </span><br />
28 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=672&hid=890&pid=330621"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الصغير للبيهقي </span><br />
29 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=673&hid=9936&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الكبرى للبيهقي </span><br />
30 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=673&hid=9935&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الكبرى للبيهقي </span><br />
31 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=684&hid=3061&pid=337601"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معرفة السنن والآثار للبيهقي </span><br />
32 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=49&hid=258&pid=17953"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن المأثورة رواية المزني </span><br />
33 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=68&hid=997&pid=31605"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الحميدي </span><br />
34 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=95&hid=721&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
35 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=291&hid=3237&pid=135701"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">البحر الزخار بمسند البزار </span><br />
36 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1737&hid=1578&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">البحر الزخار بمسند البزار 10-13 </span><br />
37 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=327&hid=918&pid=155263"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي </span><br />
38 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=327&hid=6484&pid=155517"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشني فليس مني</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي </span><br />
39 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=3017&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرأ في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
40 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1478&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
41 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1476&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش مسلما في بيع أو شراء فليس منا ويحشر يوم القيامة مع
اليهود لأنهم أغش الناس للمسلمين</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
42 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1477&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
43 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=2660&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من اغتاب مسلما بطل صومه ونقض وضوءه فإن مات
وهو كذلك مات كالمستحل ما حرم الله من مشى بنميمة بين اثنين سلط الله عليه في قبره
نارا تحرقه إلى يوم القيامة ثم يدخله النار من عفا عن أخيه المسلم وكظم غيظه أعطاه
الله أجر</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
44 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=970&hid=221&pid=522179"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرءا مسلما في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة </span><br />
45 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=970&hid=1915&pid=523271"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة </span><br />
46 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1587&hid=33&pid=548779"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرأ مسلما في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بغية الباحث عن زوائد مسند الحارث </span><br />
47 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=635&hid=343&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش في البيع والشراء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي حنيفة رواية الحصكفي </span><br />
48 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=340&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
49 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=244&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
50 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=245&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
51 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=341&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
52 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=342&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
53 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=339&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
54 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4&hid=351&pid=873"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حسين بن علي </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند زيد </span><br />
55 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1&hid=855&pid=327"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا من انتهب مالنا
فليس منا من لم يوقر كبيرنا ويرحم صغيرنا فليس منا من ضرب الخدود شق الجيوب دعا
بدعوى الجاهلية فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الربيع بن حبيب </span><br />
56 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1&hid=568&pid=195"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من لم يرحم صغيرنا ولم يوقر كبيرنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الربيع بن حبيب </span><br />
57 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=1180&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عائشة بنت عبد الله </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
58 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=1179&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
59 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=93&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا ليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
60 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4210&hid=150&pid=684745"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش في البيع والشراء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي حنيفة لابن يعقوب </span><br />
61 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=96&hid=22550&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مصنف ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
62 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=96&hid=22548&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مصنف ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
63 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=476&hid=740&pid=281017"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الصغير للطبراني </span><br />
64 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=4335&pid=280645"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">براء بن عازب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
65 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=1012&pid=280459"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حذيفة بن حسيل </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
66 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=4370&pid=280647"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن قيس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
67 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=3899&pid=280645"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أنس بن مالك </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
68 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=2560&pid=280461"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
69 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=8582&pid=280707"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
70 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=15335&pid=287153"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
71 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=18004&pid=289177"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
72 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=18007&pid=289187"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
73 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=11397&pid=285429"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من رمانا بالليل فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
74 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=10092&pid=285429"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
75 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=444&hid=1241&pid=226633"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمرو </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معجم الصحابة لابن قانع </span><br />
76 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=813&hid=59&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">العمدة من الفوائد والآثار الصحاح في مشيخة شهدة </span><br />
77 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1809&hid=47&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث منتقاة من مشيخة أبي بكر الأنصاري </span><br />
78 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4215&hid=255&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معجم الشيوخ الكبير للذهبي </span><br />
79 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=23&hid=289&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر </span><br />
80 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=172&hid=4&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لاغش بين المسلمين ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء حنبل بن إسحاق </span><br />
81 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=449&hid=450&pid=227663"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الفوائد الشهير بالغيلانيات لأبي بكر الشافعي </span><br />
82 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=493&hid=132&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء الألف دينار للقطيعي </span><br />
83 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=515&hid=56&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء ابن الغطريف </span><br />
84 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=608&hid=1197&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا ودخس بين جلد ولحمها ولم يمس ماء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سعد بن مالك </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فوائد تمام الرازي </span><br />
85 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=625&hid=28&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تسمية ما روي عن الفضل بن دكين لأبي نعيم </span><br />
86 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=644&hid=1&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث الشاموخي عن شيوخه </span><br />
87 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=801&hid=16&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث أهل حردان لابن عساكر </span><br />
88 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1186&hid=19&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث أبي حامد النيسابوري </span><br />
89 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1415&hid=7&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الثاني من فوائد أبي عثمان البحيري </span><br />
90 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1840&hid=212&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بع هذا وحده وهذا وحده من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السباعيات الألف </span><br />
91 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=2022&hid=182&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بع هذا وحده وهذا وحده من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث السراج برواية الشحامي </span><br />
92 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=2022&hid=1577&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث السراج برواية الشحامي </span><br />
93 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4079&hid=7&pid=666853"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الجزء فيه مسند عابس الغفاري وجماعة من الصحابة </span><br />
94 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4102&hid=20&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث علي بن حجر </span><br />
95 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=205&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
96 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=209&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ما أراك إلا قد جمعت خيانة في دينك وغش المسلمين</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
97 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=225&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا تعد بع كل واحد منهما بسعره فإن ديننا دين لا غش فيه</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
98 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=637&hid=841&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن بشران </span><br />
99 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1150&hid=21&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مجلسان لأبي بكر العنبري </span><br />
100 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1194&hid=30&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن بشران 21 </span><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBWYzLnvjQElC8bqwqNbj-UjAIVQORmKYbAZ8QQJlASo-3GoGNvLzuFpChsSnYJsNRVtAt3rNWocsNfANbPSmq6vS-aiE9oXq2CkTgLvbOyQRewVV1lTlLRgVBJqfjX0TGkmJul7jhQjU/s1600/ilovepdf_com.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBWYzLnvjQElC8bqwqNbj-UjAIVQORmKYbAZ8QQJlASo-3GoGNvLzuFpChsSnYJsNRVtAt3rNWocsNfANbPSmq6vS-aiE9oXq2CkTgLvbOyQRewVV1lTlLRgVBJqfjX0TGkmJul7jhQjU/s1600/ilovepdf_com.jpg" class="shrinkToFit" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBWYzLnvjQElC8bqwqNbj-UjAIVQORmKYbAZ8QQJlASo-3GoGNvLzuFpChsSnYJsNRVtAt3rNWocsNfANbPSmq6vS-aiE9oXq2CkTgLvbOyQRewVV1lTlLRgVBJqfjX0TGkmJul7jhQjU/s1600/ilovepdf_com.jpg" width="489" /></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70NPS3UPp-hlbmWYDSIfbGu7PBsEsZluS90bVgZzdRpfx6x0gNi76cK8Ojx7-GqeNWciHnO0BsCk5wY3XtPVh4-aCp90oCAnmqSPQarWj0qerVgkqcEEZKaxw7DM7kTjjNTxiJ8IUkuM/s1600/ilovepdf_com-1.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70NPS3UPp-hlbmWYDSIfbGu7PBsEsZluS90bVgZzdRpfx6x0gNi76cK8Ojx7-GqeNWciHnO0BsCk5wY3XtPVh4-aCp90oCAnmqSPQarWj0qerVgkqcEEZKaxw7DM7kTjjNTxiJ8IUkuM/s1600/ilovepdf_com-1.jpg" class="overflowingVertical" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70NPS3UPp-hlbmWYDSIfbGu7PBsEsZluS90bVgZzdRpfx6x0gNi76cK8Ojx7-GqeNWciHnO0BsCk5wY3XtPVh4-aCp90oCAnmqSPQarWj0qerVgkqcEEZKaxw7DM7kTjjNTxiJ8IUkuM/s640/ilovepdf_com-1.jpg" width="494" /></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPP363Kk6PCYsubWDALF1dIR9oUCK7pg3uXP80u1TkKWPyT9DBAALdtlXnfKnTXT8zGvJhpNKu72c7jqcTKFJmoh4trSzr7-cOC7Miwhdn-KQlc0XZ0zGUMXYqvWP75x53huR2Qa_C34U/s1600/ilovepdf_com-2.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPP363Kk6PCYsubWDALF1dIR9oUCK7pg3uXP80u1TkKWPyT9DBAALdtlXnfKnTXT8zGvJhpNKu72c7jqcTKFJmoh4trSzr7-cOC7Miwhdn-KQlc0XZ0zGUMXYqvWP75x53huR2Qa_C34U/s1600/ilovepdf_com-2.jpg" class="shrinkToFit" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPP363Kk6PCYsubWDALF1dIR9oUCK7pg3uXP80u1TkKWPyT9DBAALdtlXnfKnTXT8zGvJhpNKu72c7jqcTKFJmoh4trSzr7-cOC7Miwhdn-KQlc0XZ0zGUMXYqvWP75x53huR2Qa_C34U/s1600/ilovepdf_com-2.jpg" width="489" /></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPTVCv5i_MTUYJTA0saTIW7aaDARXuJZTshPmrjxISU1C13TVyPJFKnxwioqNt6X4GHV9WvUmvflHfeIVwV8uNIkz-VD4TzBNbHwS-oVoJtKZ4ORQiICCVd_vkYiY6fr8uKrstD_IsqE/s1600/ilovepdf_com-3.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPTVCv5i_MTUYJTA0saTIW7aaDARXuJZTshPmrjxISU1C13TVyPJFKnxwioqNt6X4GHV9WvUmvflHfeIVwV8uNIkz-VD4TzBNbHwS-oVoJtKZ4ORQiICCVd_vkYiY6fr8uKrstD_IsqE/s1600/ilovepdf_com-3.jpg" class="shrinkToFit" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPTVCv5i_MTUYJTA0saTIW7aaDARXuJZTshPmrjxISU1C13TVyPJFKnxwioqNt6X4GHV9WvUmvflHfeIVwV8uNIkz-VD4TzBNbHwS-oVoJtKZ4ORQiICCVd_vkYiY6fr8uKrstD_IsqE/s1600/ilovepdf_com-3.jpg" width="489" /></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-3RbBwPtk_feeVJ_ZpaaebWp6tJ4s-cScVHGn6m6sC75VHzaMU1oBi19r0TaYC_tjLB06NYPbzwxekG4ZbodMiRmwkCqpRcwVp1MQ_n2I9IqcTRgkA94aIXxgSZk9L23xyU4sRrUxLjw/s1600/ilovepdf_com-4.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-3RbBwPtk_feeVJ_ZpaaebWp6tJ4s-cScVHGn6m6sC75VHzaMU1oBi19r0TaYC_tjLB06NYPbzwxekG4ZbodMiRmwkCqpRcwVp1MQ_n2I9IqcTRgkA94aIXxgSZk9L23xyU4sRrUxLjw/s1600/ilovepdf_com-4.jpg" class="shrinkToFit" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-3RbBwPtk_feeVJ_ZpaaebWp6tJ4s-cScVHGn6m6sC75VHzaMU1oBi19r0TaYC_tjLB06NYPbzwxekG4ZbodMiRmwkCqpRcwVp1MQ_n2I9IqcTRgkA94aIXxgSZk9L23xyU4sRrUxLjw/s1600/ilovepdf_com-4.jpg" width="489" /></span></span></a><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HOFzhXws5eBKbK3UQsrWTqMggp54Uid_czdrspEYTT__xEGQ0RQ0-GmpIbiebZ6GW7zTqeQtqMAFSfjmmpVv80HAISrkffb7ztNv-3i6ixhk4W4wnw2UDL5xvtAU-9wkmTWxncbS_n4/s1600/ilovepdf_com-5.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HOFzhXws5eBKbK3UQsrWTqMggp54Uid_czdrspEYTT__xEGQ0RQ0-GmpIbiebZ6GW7zTqeQtqMAFSfjmmpVv80HAISrkffb7ztNv-3i6ixhk4W4wnw2UDL5xvtAU-9wkmTWxncbS_n4/s1600/ilovepdf_com-5.jpg" class="shrinkToFit" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0HOFzhXws5eBKbK3UQsrWTqMggp54Uid_czdrspEYTT__xEGQ0RQ0-GmpIbiebZ6GW7zTqeQtqMAFSfjmmpVv80HAISrkffb7ztNv-3i6ixhk4W4wnw2UDL5xvtAU-9wkmTWxncbS_n4/s1600/ilovepdf_com-5.jpg" width="489" /></span></span></a><br />
45. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بَاب مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْنَا السِّلَاحَ ، فَلَيْسَ
مِنَّا ، وَمَنْ غَشَّنَا ، فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا و</span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=150&pid=105913"><span lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/45.html">45. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بَاب قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْ</span>...</a><br />
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=1&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=2&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شواهد</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=3&cid=596&bk_no=158"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أطراف</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/asaneed.php?bk_no=158&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأسانيد</span></a>
]<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رقم الحديث: 149</span><br />
(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث مرفوع) وحَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=6460"><span lang="AR-SA">قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=8527"><span lang="AR-SA">يَعْقُوبُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقَارِيُّ </span></a></span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ح وحَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=6935"><span lang="AR-SA">أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4553"><span lang="AR-SA">ابْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">كِلَاهُمَا ، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3687"><span lang="AR-SA">سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2840"><span lang="AR-SA">أَبِيهِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4396"><span lang="AR-SA">أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ</span></span> : " <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْنَا
السِّلَاحَ ، فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا ، وَمَنْ غَشَّنَا ، فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا</span> " <br />
<br />
<br />
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=1&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=2&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شواهد</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=3&cid=596&bk_no=158"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أطراف</span></a> ]
[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/asaneed.php?bk_no=158&cid=596&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأسانيد</span></a>
]<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رقم الحديث: 150</span><br />
(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث مرفوع) وحَدَّثَنِي </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=8212"><span lang="AR-SA">يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=6460"><span lang="AR-SA">وَقُتَيْبَةُ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=5757"><span lang="AR-SA">وَابْنُ حُجْرٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=1012"><span lang="AR-SA">إِسْمَاعِيل بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، قَالَ ابْنُ
أَيُّوبَ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=1526"><span lang="AR-SA">الْعَلَاءُ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4521"><span lang="AR-SA">أَبِيهِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4396"><span lang="AR-SA">أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مَرَّ عَلَى صُبْرَةِ طَعَامٍ فَأَدْخَلَ
يَدَهُ فِيهَا ، فَنَالَتْ أَصَابِعُهُ بَلَلًا ، فَقَالَ : " مَا هَذَا يَا
صَاحِبَ الطَّعَامِ ؟ " ، قَالَ</span></span> : <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أَصَابَتْهُ السَّمَاءُ يَا رَسُولَ
اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : " أَفَلَا جَعَلْتَهُ فَوْقَ الطَّعَامِ كَيْ يَرَاهُ
النَّاسُ ، مَنْ غَشَّ ، فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي</span> " . <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الشواهد </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">م </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">طرف الحديث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الصحابي </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اسم الكتاب </span><br />
1 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=150&pid=105913"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم </span><br />
2 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=149&pid=105913"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم </span><br />
3 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=195&hid=1232&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جامع الترمذي </span><br />
4 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=184&hid=2999&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن أبي داود </span><br />
5 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=173&hid=2215&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن ابن ماجه </span><br />
6 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=173&hid=2216&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لعلك غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن ابن ماجه </span><br />
7 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=137&hid=2461&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سنن الدارمي </span><br />
8 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=16145&pid=60771"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
9 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=15520&pid=60297"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
10 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=4968&pid=60279"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
11 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=7118&pid=60289"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
12 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=9191&pid=60289"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أحمد بن حنبل </span><br />
13 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=5014&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
14 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=572&pid=264625"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
15 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=5675&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح ابن حبان </span><br />
16 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2091&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس مني</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
17 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2089&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
18 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2090&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
19 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=2092&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المستدرك على الصحيحين </span><br />
20 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=365&hid=121&pid=183873"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مستخرج أبي عوانة </span><br />
21 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=238&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
22 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=239&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
23 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=240&pid=318003"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المسند المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم </span><br />
24 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1711&hid=3366&pid=634109"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من انتهب أو سلب أو أشار بالسلب</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأحاديث المختارة </span><br />
25 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1711&hid=4037&pid=634109"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من رمانا بالليل فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأحاديث المختارة </span><br />
26 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4208&hid=1121&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مختصر الأحكام المستخرج على جامع الترمذي </span><br />
27 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=322&hid=556&pid=152065"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المنتقى من السنن المسندة </span><br />
28 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=672&hid=890&pid=330621"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الصغير للبيهقي </span><br />
29 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=673&hid=9936&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس مني</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الكبرى للبيهقي </span><br />
30 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=673&hid=9935&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن الكبرى للبيهقي </span><br />
31 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=684&hid=3061&pid=337601"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معرفة السنن والآثار للبيهقي </span><br />
32 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=49&hid=258&pid=17953"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السنن المأثورة رواية المزني </span><br />
33 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=68&hid=997&pid=31605"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الحميدي </span><br />
34 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=95&hid=721&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
35 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=291&hid=3237&pid=135701"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">البحر الزخار بمسند البزار </span><br />
36 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1737&hid=1578&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">البحر الزخار بمسند البزار 10-13 </span><br />
37 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=327&hid=918&pid=155263"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي </span><br />
38 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=327&hid=6484&pid=155517"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشني فليس مني</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي يعلى الموصلي </span><br />
39 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=3017&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرأ في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
40 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1478&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
41 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1476&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش مسلما في بيع أو شراء فليس منا ويحشر يوم القيامة مع
اليهود لأنهم أغش الناس للمسلمين</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
42 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=1477&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
43 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=325&hid=2660&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من اغتاب مسلما بطل صومه ونقض وضوءه فإن مات
وهو كذلك مات كالمستحل ما حرم الله من مشى بنميمة بين اثنين سلط الله عليه في قبره
نارا تحرقه إلى يوم القيامة ثم يدخله النار من عفا عن أخيه المسلم وكظم غيظه أعطاه
الله أجر</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية لابن حجر </span><br />
44 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=970&hid=221&pid=522179"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرءا مسلما في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة </span><br />
45 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=970&hid=1915&pid=523271"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة </span><br />
46 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1587&hid=33&pid=548779"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش امرأ مسلما في أهله أو خادمه فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عامر بن الحصيب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بغية الباحث عن زوائد مسند الحارث </span><br />
47 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=635&hid=343&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش في البيع والشراء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي حنيفة رواية الحصكفي </span><br />
48 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=340&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
49 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=244&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
50 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=245&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
51 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=341&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
52 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=342&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
53 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=658&hid=339&pid=327741"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الشهاب </span><br />
54 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4&hid=351&pid=873"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حسين بن علي </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند زيد </span><br />
55 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1&hid=855&pid=327"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا من انتهب مالنا
فليس منا من لم يوقر كبيرنا ويرحم صغيرنا فليس منا من ضرب الخدود شق الجيوب دعا
بدعوى الجاهلية فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الربيع بن حبيب </span><br />
56 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1&hid=568&pid=195"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من لم يرحم صغيرنا ولم يوقر كبيرنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند الربيع بن حبيب </span><br />
57 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=1180&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عائشة بنت عبد الله </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
58 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=1179&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
59 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4205&hid=93&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا ليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كشف الأستار </span><br />
60 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4210&hid=150&pid=684745"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش في البيع والشراء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مسند أبي حنيفة لابن يعقوب </span><br />
61 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=96&hid=22550&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مصنف ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
62 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=96&hid=22548&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مصنف ابن أبي شيبة </span><br />
63 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=476&hid=740&pid=281017"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الصغير للطبراني </span><br />
64 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=4335&pid=280645"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">براء بن عازب </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
65 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=1012&pid=280459"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حذيفة بن حسيل </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
66 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=4370&pid=280647"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن قيس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
67 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=3899&pid=280645"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أنس بن مالك </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
68 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=2560&pid=280461"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
69 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=8582&pid=280707"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الأوسط للطبراني </span><br />
70 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=15335&pid=287153"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش المسلمين فليس منهم</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
71 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=18004&pid=289177"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هانئ بن نيار </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
72 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=18007&pid=289187"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
73 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=11397&pid=285429"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من رمانا بالليل فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عباس </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
74 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=477&hid=10092&pid=285429"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المعجم الكبير للطبراني </span><br />
75 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=444&hid=1241&pid=226633"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمرو </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معجم الصحابة لابن قانع </span><br />
76 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=813&hid=59&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا غش بين المسلمين ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">العمدة من الفوائد والآثار الصحاح في مشيخة شهدة </span><br />
77 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1809&hid=47&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث منتقاة من مشيخة أبي بكر الأنصاري </span><br />
78 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4215&hid=255&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معجم الشيوخ الكبير للذهبي </span><br />
79 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=23&hid=289&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث إسماعيل بن جعفر </span><br />
80 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=172&hid=4&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لاغش بين المسلمين ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء حنبل بن إسحاق </span><br />
81 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=449&hid=450&pid=227663"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الفوائد الشهير بالغيلانيات لأبي بكر الشافعي </span><br />
82 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=493&hid=132&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء الألف دينار للقطيعي </span><br />
83 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=515&hid=56&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">جزء ابن الغطريف </span><br />
84 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=608&hid=1197&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا ودخس بين جلد ولحمها ولم يمس ماء</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سعد بن مالك </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فوائد تمام الرازي </span><br />
85 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=625&hid=28&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">غششته من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هلال بن الحارث </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تسمية ما روي عن الفضل بن دكين لأبي نعيم </span><br />
86 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=644&hid=1&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخداع في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث الشاموخي عن شيوخه </span><br />
87 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=801&hid=16&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث أهل حردان لابن عساكر </span><br />
88 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1186&hid=19&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غش</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أحاديث أبي حامد النيسابوري </span><br />
89 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1415&hid=7&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الثاني من فوائد أبي عثمان البحيري </span><br />
90 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1840&hid=212&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بع هذا وحده وهذا وحده من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السباعيات الألف </span><br />
91 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=2022&hid=182&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بع هذا وحده وهذا وحده من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث السراج برواية الشحامي </span><br />
92 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=2022&hid=1577&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا ومن غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث السراج برواية الشحامي </span><br />
93 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4079&hid=7&pid=666853"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قيس بن أبي غرزة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الجزء فيه مسند عابس الغفاري وجماعة من الصحابة </span><br />
94 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=4102&hid=20&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غش فليس منا</span></a>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث علي بن حجر </span><br />
95 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=205&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ليس منا من غشنا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
96 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=209&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ما أراك إلا قد جمعت خيانة في دينك وغش المسلمين</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
97 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=564&hid=225&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا تعد بع كل واحد منهما بسعره فإن ديننا دين لا غش فيه</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">موضع إرسال </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن سمعون الواعظ </span><br />
98 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=637&hid=841&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الرحمن بن صخر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن بشران </span><br />
99 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1150&hid=21&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن عمر </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مجلسان لأبي بكر العنبري </span><br />
100 <br />
<a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1194&hid=30&pid="><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من غشنا فليس منا المكر والخديعة في النار</span></a> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عبد الله بن مسعود </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أمالي ابن بشران 21</span>. <br />
-----------------------------</span></div>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></div>
.......................Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-28521564085525923012017-02-10T07:48:00.009-08:002021-06-26T13:32:04.943-07:0028 هل من قتل نفسه متعمدا ومات دون توبة هل سيدخل الجنة وما درجة ضعف حديث الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"> </p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" dir="rtl" itemprop="name" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://alththanawiataleamat3thanuy3.blogspot.com/2021/05/blog-post_17.html">هل من قتل نفسه متعمدا ومات دون توبة هل سيدخل الجنة وما درجة ضعف حديث الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ </a></span>
</h3><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><div class="post-header" dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
</div><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> ما درجة ضعف حديث الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو
الدَّوْسِيَّ</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Tajawal ExtraLight"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b>
</span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a> </span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؛ أَنَّ الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ
أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، هَلْ لَكَ
فِي حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ وَمَنَعَةٍ ؟ - قَالَ : حِصْنٌ كَانَ لِدَوْسٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ
- فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ ، لِلَّذِي ذَخَرَ اللهُ
لِلأَْنْصَارِ ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ إِلَى
الْمَدِينَةِ ، هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ
رِجَالٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ ، فَاجْتَوَوُا الْمَدِينَةَ ، فَمَرِضَ رَجُلٌ ، فَجَزِعَ
، فَأَخَذَ مَشَاقِصَ لَهُ ، فَقَطَعَ بِهَا بَرَاجِمَهُ ، فَشَخَبَتْ يَدَاهُ
حَتَّى مَاتَ ، فَرَآهُ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فِي مَنَامِهِ ، فَرَآهُ
وَهَيْئَتُهُ حَسَنَةٌ ، وَرَآهُ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : مَا صَنَعَ
بِكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : غَفَرَ لِي بِهِجْرَتِي إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه
وسلم ـ ، فَقَالَ : مَا لِي أَرَاكَ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ : قِيلَ لِي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لَنْ نُصْلِحَ
مِنْكَ مَا أَفْسَدْتَ ، فَقَصَّهَا الطُّفَيْلُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ـ صلى الله
عليه وسلم ـ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ : اللَّهُمَّ ،
وَلِيَدَيْهِ فَاغْفِرْ ] . قلت المدون رواه مسلم لكن في سنده اثنين من
المدلسين هما محمد بن مسلم مدلس وقد عنعنه ولا تقبل رواية المدلسين مالم يصرحوا
بالسماع وفيه مدلس اخر مشهور بالتدليس خاصة عن جابر وهو أبو الزبير وقد عنعنه
والثالث هو ضعف ووهاء الحديث مقارنة بأحاديث الثقات العدول المتقنين شديدي الحفظ </span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قلت المدون حديث الطفيل هذا هو من الأحاديث المعتلة
المبتلاه بالتدليس وقد ثار حول مضمونها جدل وخلاف كبير محوره في اعتباره صحيحا
لكنه منتهي الضعف اسنادا ومتنا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ولأنه يتعلق بمسالة الوعد والوعيد ، ويوهم أنه يعارض
نصوصا من الكتاب والسنة ..ويحسن قبل الدخول إلى حلبة الحوار بين الأطراف المتنازعة
فيه ، أن نلخص المعنى الإجمالي للحديث أولا ، ثم نذكر ما اشتمل عليه من أحكام
ثانيا </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فنقول</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أولا – المعنى الإجمالي لحديث الطفيل</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فقد ذكر أصحاب السير أن الطفيل بن عمر الدوسي ، كان سيدا
من سادات دوس ، سمع ببعثة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقدم إلى مكة قبيل معجزة
الإسراء والمعراج بقليل</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> . <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وكان رجلا شاعرا سيدا في قومه، فقدم مكة فحذرته قريش من سماع
كلام محمد ، وقالوا إن كلامه كالسحر يفرق بين المرء وابنه ، وبين المرء وزوجه ،
وبين المرء وأبيه . فعزم على أن لا يلقى محمدا ولا يسمع منه ، ولكن أبى الله إلا أن
يلقاه ويسمع كلامه .. ويسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> . <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ولما رأى إيذاء قريش لرسول الله وصحبه ، عرض على النبي
صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يهاجر إلى بلاد دوس ، حيث الحصن والمنعة ، فلما يشأ النبي
ذلك ، لما ادخر الله للأنصار من المكرمة بهجرة النبي إليهم فيما بعد</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> .. <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فرجع الطفيل إلى قومه ، ودعاهم إلى الإسلام فأسلم أبوه
وأمه وزوجته ، وأبت عليه دوس . فقدم إلى النبي مرة ثانية ، وطلب منه أن يدعو على
دوس .. فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم " اللهم اهدِ دوسا وائتني بهم مسلمين</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> " . <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فرجع الطفيل فأقام فيهم سنوات حتى هاجر النبي صلى الله
عليه وسلم إلى المدينة ، وكانت مرت بدرُ وأحدُ والأحزابُ ، ثم قدم الطفيل مهاجرا
ومعه تسعون بيتا من دوس . فاجتووا المدينة ، أي كرهوا المقام فيها لما كان فيها من
حُمَّى ، وحر شديد ، لم يعتادوا على مثله في موطنهم ، لأن دوسا كانت في منطقة عسير
حول مدينة الباحة حاليا ، ذات المناخ البارد اللطيف .. فمرض رجل منهم ، وثقل عليه الألم
، وأحس بالموت ، فأخذ "مشقصا" أي سهما حادا فقطع به "براجمه"
أي مفاصل أصابعه من داخل الكف ، فشخب دمه بقوة ، فمات . فرآه الطفيل في المنام على
هيئة حسنة . فسأله ما فعل الله بك ؟ قال غفر لي بهجرتي إلى نبيه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> .. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال الطفيل
فسألته : ما لي أراك مغطيا يديك ؟ قال : " قِيلَ لِي : لَنْ نُصْلِحَ مِنْكَ
مَا أَفْسَدْتَ " . فقص الطفيل الرؤيا على رسول الله ، فرفع صلى الله عليه
وسلم يديه إلى السماء وقال : " اللهم وليديه فاغفر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> " .. <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ثانيا – ما استنبطه المتشككين في عهد الله ودينه القيم من
هذا الحديث من أحكام</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عمل هذا الصحابي يبدو من حيث الظاهرُ أنه " انتحار
" .. ولكن رؤيا الطفيل دلت على أنه لم يعاقب عليه بالنار ، وإنما صار المنتحر
إلى الجنة.. لذلك أخذ العلماء منه عددا من الفوائد ، نجملها بما يلي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc;">{<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قلت المدون لا يمكن تأسيس قواعد علي أحلام الا أن
يقرها النبي ص فمن متي وتؤسس القواعد الشرعية علي منامات وبين ايدينا كتاب الله
المحكم وفينا رسوله ص</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }</span><br />
<br />
1 –<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span> َقال
المعلق لهذه المقالة وفِي الحديث حُجَّة لِقَاعِدَةٍ / قلت انا المدون/ قاعدةٍ
باطلة منتهي البطلان لأهْلِ السُّنَّة أَنَّ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسه أَو اِرتَكَب
معصية غيرَها ، وماتَ من غير توبةٍ فليسَ بكافرٍ </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: rgb(39, 78, 19) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قلت المدون بل يموت حينها مصرا علي المعصية وينال جزاء
الظالمين فحكم الله واجب لمن أذنب أن أن يتوبوا الي الله وقضي أيضا انه {{ ومن لم
يتب فأولئك هم الظالمون</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }}</span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">بأنة من
جاءه الموت علي عدم التوبة ومات فإنه يموت مصرا وذلك منتهي التعارض مع القواعد
الالهية فما قالوه منسوبا لأهل السنة كلام باطل لأن الله تعالي قضي لعباده و
قال الله تعالي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="background: rgb(76, 17, 48) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #eeeeee; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{{{ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ
أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِ
اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا (123) وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ
أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا
يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيرًا (124) وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ
لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ وَاتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ
اللَّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلًا (125) وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي
الْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُحِيطًا (126)/سورة النساء</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>}</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فالمنتحر يأس من رحمة الله وقد قال الله
تعالي{وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِنْ
رَحْمَتِي وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (23)/العنكبوت } وقال أيضا {يَا
بَنِيَّ اذْهَبُوا فَتَحَسَّسُوا مِنْ يُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ وَلَا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ
رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ
الْكَافِرُونَ (87</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ
مَسَّنَا وَأَهْلَنَا الضُّرُّ وَجِئْنَا بِبِضَاعَةٍ مُزْجَاةٍ فَأَوْفِ لَنَا الْكَيْلَ
وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْزِي الْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(88) /<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة يوسف}
وقال أيضا { يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ
اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ
أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(13)<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الممتحنة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }<br />
<br />
{<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ
فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ
وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ
اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ
رَحِيمٌ (3) /المائدة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>} <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">و { وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي
السَّمَاءِ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (22)
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِنْ
رَحْمَتِي وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (23) /العنكبوت</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>}</span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #eeeeee; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قلت المدون</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> لقد حفر
أصحاب التأويل في صدور الناس حفرا من الاستهتار وعدم تعظيم كلمات الله وشعائره
لدرجة أنهم صاروا بتلقائية مخزية نحو هدر كل ما ضخمه الله تعالي وعظمه وتمادي كلا
من أصحاب التأويل ومجتمع المسلمين اليوم فسمحوا لقلوبهم أيضا بتلقي هذا الضلال
بقلوب راضية خاضعة ليس لله بل للشيطان فبكم دليل من الاحكام والمحكمات ستذعنون لله
رب العالمين وبأي حال يكفيكم من الادلة الربانية المحكمة ستخشع قلوبكم لقول الله
تعالي</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="background: rgb(116, 27, 71) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>{<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اذْهَبُوا فَتَحَسَّسُوا مِنْ يُوسُفَ
وَأَخِيهِ وَلَا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ
اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكَافِرُونَ (87) يوسف} {وقد قال الله
تعالي{وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِنْ
رَحْمَتِي وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (23)/العنكبوت</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }}</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وقد عجبت
لمشايخهم وعلمائهم كيف يغضوا الطرف عن هذه الادلة المحكمة وينامون عنها تاركين
مصائرهم للاعبين من البشر وللشيطان فيقول زاعمهم بالباطل</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>←←</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وَلا يُقْطَع لَهُ بِالنارِ ، ثم يؤكد ضلاله فيقول بل هو في
حُكم الْمشِيئَة الإلهية ، وأمرُهُ إلى الله عز وجل إنْ شاء عذبه وإنْ شاء غفر له</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> .<span style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"> {<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قلت المدون نفس كلام النووي وأصحاب التأويل
وأنصح المخلصين من المسلمين أن يذهبوا الي مدونة قانون الحق الالهي علي شبكة جوجل
ويا هو</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أما الحديث فنقاط التسرب الشيطاني البه علمناه من </span><br />
<br />
1.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">السند الذي روي به هذا الحديث وهو سند دلسه <span style="color: red;">محمد بن مسلم عن الزبير</span> عن جابر وكلهم أي محمد بن مسلم
وأبو الزبير لم يصرح واحد منهما بالسماع ومثل هؤلاء لا تقبل لأحدهما رواية
مالم يصرحوا بالسماع </span><br />
<br />
2. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مخالفة هذه الرواية للأثبت والاحفظ منها {شذوذ
روايتها} فقد روي مسلم </span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الانتحار في الإسلام</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">حديث خلود المنتحر في النار أبدا
روا من الصحابة عن أبي هريرة و ثابت بن الضحاك وجندب بن عبد الله وجابر بن سمرة
وهو حديث محفوظ بينما حديث الطفيل شاذ لم بحفظ ويكاد يكون منكرا </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"> </span></p>
<div class="post-header" dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
</p><div dir="rtl" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: right;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a></span></b> <br /></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"> انظر التحقيق بالاسفل<br /></span></b></p><p style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"> </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">الانتحار
من كبائر الذنوب التي يموت المنتحر فيها متحققا فيه وعيد الخلود في جهنم
عياذا بالله {والاصل فيه أنه يأس من رحمة الله وأنه من عمل السرائر ولا
يطلع
علي حال صاحبه الا رب العزة وحال المنتحر في المجتمع المسلم أنه يحتويه
جسدا ولا
يصلي عليه حقا لأن يقين العلم بما عمل عند الله الباري ولا نقول بهذا الا
لأنه كالمنافق الذي اظهر اسلامه وأضمر سبب الانتحار ففي فعله منتحر وفي
ظاهره لم يعلن
ارتداده فهو خليط بين الميت منتحرا والمعلن سابقا اسلامه لذلك لم يصلي
عليه النبي ص لكنه ظاهرا لم يخرجه مرتدا خارج الاسلام</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span dir="LTR"></span>}</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>،</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">وقد بيَّن النبي صلىالله عليه وسلم أن المنتحر يعاقب بمثل ما قتل
نفسه به</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span dir="LTR"></span> . </span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"></span></p>
</div>
<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">...................<br /><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span>
</span></span></b></p><div dir="rtl" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: right;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فعن</span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> أبي
هريرة </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">رضي الله عنه عن
النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> : (<span style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">مَن تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو في نار جهنم يتردى فيه
خالداً مخلداً فيها أبداً ، ومَن تحسَّى سمّاً فقتل نفسه فسمُّه في يده يتحساه في
نار جهنم خالداً مخلداً فيها أبداً ، ومَن قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في يده يجأ بها
في بطنه في نار جهنم خالداً مخلداً فيها أبداً </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رواه البخاري ( 5442 ) ومسلم
( 109</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ) . </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقد ترك النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الصلاة على المنتحر ، عقوبةً
له ، وزجراً لغيره أن يفعل فعله ، وأذن للناس أن يصلوا عليه ، فيسن لأهل العلم
والفضل ترك الصلاة على المنتحر تأسيّاً بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> . </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">وفي حديث
أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه: أن رجلا قاتل في سبيل الله أشد القتال، فقال النبي صلى
الله عليه وسلم: «إنه من أهل النار</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>» <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فبينما هو على ذلك إذ وجد الرجل ألم
الجرح، فأهوى بيده إلى كنانته، فانتزع منها سهما فانتحر بها</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وفي الحديث نفسه: «انتحر فلان فقتل نفسه» رواه البخاري
ومسلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ومنها ما
أخرجه الشيخان وغيرهما عن<span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"> أبي هريرة </span>رضي
الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «من تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو
في نار جهنم يتردى فيها خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا, ومن تحسى سما فقتل نفسه فسمه في
يده يتحساه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا, ومن قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في
يده يتوجأ بها في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>».</span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وعن</span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> ثابت
بن الضحاك</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> رضي الله عنه أن
رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( مَن قتل نفسه بشيء في الدنيا عذب به يوم
القيامة ) رواه البخاري ( 5700 ) ومسلم ( 110</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ) . </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وعن </span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">جندب
بن عبد الله</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> رضي الله عنه قال :
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span> : ( </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">كان فيمن كان قبلكم رجل به جرح فجزع فأخذ سكيناً فحز
بها يده فما رقأ الدم حتى مات . قال الله تعالى : بادرني عبدي بنفسه حرمت عليه
الجنة </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>)
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رواه البخاري ( 3276</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ومسلم ( 113</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فعن </span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">جابر
بن سمرة</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> رضي الله عنه قال :
( أُتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم برجل قتل نفسه بمَشاقص فلم يصل عليه ) رواه مسلم
( 978</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>
) . </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">فهذه اريعة طرق لحديث باطن كفر من انتحر </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span dir="LTR"></span>" <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">و المَشاقص :
سهام عراض</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> . </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
</div>
<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">........................................<br /><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span>
</span></span></b></p><div dir="rtl" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 4pt; text-align: right;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما سيأتي من كلام في الصلاة عليه هو من السفسطة
المعتادة بين المذاهب في الخلاف كأنهم يثبتون مذاهبهم بالفتوي أينما كانت وحيثما
كانت { وفي هذا الحديث دليل لمن يقول : لا يصلى على قاتل نفسه لانتحاره , وهذا
مذهب عمر بن عبد العزيز والأوزاعي قلت لان النبي لا يضع نفسه في دروب المتشابهات
بل اليقين</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">{
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال الحسن والنخعي وقتادة ومالك وأبو حنيفة والشافعي
وجماهير العلماء</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">يصلى عليه , وأجابوا عن هذا الحديث بأن النبي صلى الله عليه
وسلم لم يصل عليه بنفسه وصلت عليه الصحابة " انتهى . قلت لأن النبي ص
لم يخرجه ظاهريا من مجتمع المسلمين </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقد قرر الله تعالي ورسوله أن المنتحر
بيده وسيلة انتحاره في جهنم فهو ينتحر بها خالدا مخادا فيها أبدا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></p>
</div>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;">ويطلق
الانتحار على قتل الإنسان نفسه بأي وسيلة كانت، ولهذا ذكروا أحكامه باسم (قتل
الشخص نفسه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>).<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ويعرف أهل القانون الانتحار بأنه: زهق الروح عن سابق
تصور وتصميم يقدم عليه المنتحر نفسه، لأسباب غالبا ما تكون مجهولة، إلا أن معظمها
مرتبط بحالة نفسية ناتجة عن وضع يائس وتعيس كان يعانيه المنتحر؛ وإذا فشل فإن عمله
يعتبر محاولة انتحار ويحاكم بحسب القوانين المرعية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<br />
3- <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حكم الانتحار</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الانتحار في كل الأحوال محرم ، ويعتبر يأس من رحمة الله
، قال الله تعالى: {وَلا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا
بِالْحَقِّ} [الأنعام </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>151]. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال تعالى: {وَلا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيماً} [النساء الآية 29]؛ </span><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فالمنتحر يأس من رحمة الله وقد قال الله
تعالي{<span style="color: #fcff01;">وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِنْ
رَحْمَتِي وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (23)/العنكبوت </span>}</span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> وقال أيضا {يَا
بَنِيَّ اذْهَبُوا فَتَحَسَّسُوا مِنْ يُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ <span style="color: #fcff01;">وَلَا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ
رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكَافِرُونَ
</span>(87)</span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ مَسَّنَا
وَأَهْلَنَا الضُّرُّ وَجِئْنَا بِبِضَاعَةٍ مُزْجَاةٍ فَأَوْفِ لَنَا الْكَيْلَ
وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْزِي الْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ (88) /سورة يوسف} </span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"> </span></span></span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال أيضا { <span style="color: #01ffff;">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ
اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ
أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ </span></span><span style="color: #01ffff;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(13)<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الممتحنة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> }</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: rgb(32, 18, 77) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;">{<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الْيَوْمَ
يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ الْيَوْمَ
أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ
الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (3</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)
/<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المائدة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>}
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">و { وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا
فِي السَّمَاءِ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>(22) <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِنْ رَحْمَتِي
وَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (23</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) /<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">العنكبوت</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>}</span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;">وقد قرر الله تعالي أن المنتحر سيمسك بيده وسيلة انتحاره في جهنم
فهو ينتحر بها خالدا مخادا فيها أبدا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> ...............</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كما أن ألفاظ كل الاحاديث الصحيحة تدل على خلوده في
النار،</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فعند أبي هريرة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #2b00fe;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;">مَن تردى من جبل
فقتل نفسه فهو في نار جهنم يتردى فيه خالداً مخلداً فيها أبداً ، ومَن تحسَّى
سمّاً فقتل نفسه فسمُّه في يده يتحساه في نار جهنم خالداً مخلداً فيها أبداً ، ومَن
قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في يده يجأ بها في بطنه في نار جهنم خالداً مخلداً فيها
أبداً</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"> </span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2.
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وعند ثابت بن الضحاك</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> / <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe;">مَن قتل نفسه
بشيء في الدنيا عذب به يوم القيامة</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> 3.
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وعند جندب بن عبد الله</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> / <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;">كان فيمن كان قبلكم رجل به جرح فجزع فأخذ سكيناً فحز بها يده فما رقأ الدم
حتى مات . قال الله تعالى : بادرني عبدي بنفسه حرمت عليه الجنة </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;">وعند</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #fff2cc;">جابر بن سمرة</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #2b00fe;"> رضي
الله عنه قال : ( أُتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم برجل قتل نفسه بمَشاقص فلم يصل
عليه</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;">ومنها ما أخرجه الشيخان وغيرهما عن<span style="background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #f3f3f3;"> أبي هريرة </span>رضي الله عنه قال: قال
رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «من تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو في نار جهنم يتردى
فيها خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا, ومن تحسى سما فقتل نفسه فسمه في يده يتحساه في نار
جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا, ومن قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في يده يتوجأ بها في نار
جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>»</span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆👆</span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وأصل كلام المخطئين جاء من اتباعهم الشبهات كأسلافهم المتأولين
أمثال النووي + انظر الروابط التالية </span><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_93.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج حديث مسلم الدليل علي أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر وا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_43.html">*/*/ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شواحد واطراف واسانيد حديث مسلم أن قاتل نفسه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_30.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شواهد حديث مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَدِيدَةٍ ، فَح</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_3.html">** <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اطراف واسانيد حديث مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَدِي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_13.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج الحديث .تخريج حديث من تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_0.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج وشواهد واطراف واسانيد حديث لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_63.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تحقيق حديث مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَدِيدَةٍ ، فَح</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a></span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/4_25.html">.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الرد المجمل علي النووي في تأويلاته لنصوص الشرع ا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/5_25.html">5.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">نقد النووي وتأويلات جملة وتفصيلا</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/6_41.html">6. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الاستحلال الذي صنعه النووي وأصحاب التأويل وز</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/7_25.html">7. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ينبغي علي أصحاب التأويل أن يتنبهوا لآتي</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/8_25.html">8. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الجزء الأول من سؤال وجواب في الطلاق وو تحديث د</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/9_25.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">النص المختصر والناقص يلزمه الزيادات التي ذكرت في ا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/10_25.html">10. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الإستحلال عند النووي ونقده / ومذكرة الفاروق</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/11_25.html">11. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الرد علي القرانيين</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/12-415-492.html">12. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الشهادة في أحكام الطلاق متي شُرِّعت وما هي قيم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/492.html">13. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تدمير الكون الجزء الأول + مناهج تعليمية الثالث</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/14-4192-565.html">14. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كيف يري الناس قول الله تعالي (إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُو</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/557-5161.html">15. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث صاحب البطاقة (يصاح برجل من أمتي على رؤوس</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/1625-406.html">5 <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في حديث صاحب البطاقة الضوابط التالية</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/17-416-1436.html">17. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الأصول التي كان يجب انتباه أصحاب التأويل مراع</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/18-1446-87.html">18. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كتاب صاحب البطاقة من هو</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/19-97-1077.html">19. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث صاحب البطاقة ظني الدلالة.. وظنيته جاء م</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/20-97-1077.html">20. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">معني الاحصاء والعد ولام البعد في سورة الطلاق</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_15.html">22. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الطلاق في عقول وقلوب الفقهاء (من زاد المعاد</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_98.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مذهب النووي في تأويل نصوص الزجر / اعتمد النووي علي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_56.html">*<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تأويلات النووي علي مسلم بن الحجاج في شرحة للجامع</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_31.html"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فلسفة ومنطق روابط // الجوهر في الفلسفة هو الأساس</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_26.html"><span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">✫</span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ضوابط الحكم بالاسلام أو الخروج من الإسلام</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_39.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بقية الشروط المانعة للحكم بتكفير المسلمين</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_27.html">1. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بطلان تأويل حديث "لاَيُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/2_27.html">2 <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تأويل نصوص نفي الإيمان وتحويلها إلي إثبات عمل لا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_16.html">[ <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تخريج ] [ شواهد ] [ أطراف ] [ الأسانيد ] صحيح ال</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_91.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم تخريج شواهد أطراف أسانيد</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_79.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صفة الجنة لابن أبي الدنيا [ تخريج ] [ شواهد ] [ أط</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_6.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">روابط بعض الكتب</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_4.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المطلق من الأدلة والمقيد والمقحمات</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_66.html">1.. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وجوب طاعة الرسول كما صدرت من فمه الشريف دون تأ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/2_89.html">2.. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وجوب اتباغ الرسول كما قال وعمل وقصد</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/3_27.html">3.. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وجوب اتباع الرسول كما شرع وقال وقصد</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_28.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">التأويل هدم دين الإسلام فيما بقي من الزمان حتي تار</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/4_27.html">4... <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وجوب اتباع الرسول كما شرع وقال وقصد</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/5_27.html">5.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وجوب اتباع الرسول كما شرع وقال وقصد</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_52.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اشراط الساعة</span></a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_65.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اتباع السنن واجتناب البدع باب في تحريم الدخول على</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_75.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخِيهِ م</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_72.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ومن موقع تناول نفي الإيمان عمن لا يحب لأخيه ما يحب</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_53.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هامش (لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لِأَخ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>...</a><br />
<a href="https://thelowofalhak.blogspot.com/2018/06/blog-post_70.html"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث لا والذي نفسي بيده حتي أكون أحب إليك من نفسك</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif";"> </span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img alt="https://www.balagh.com/upload_list/source/Article/Old/nature.2.jpg" src="https://www.balagh.com/upload_list/source/Article/Old/nature.2.jpg" /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img alt="https://www.balagh.com/upload_list/source/Article/Old/nature.2.jpg" src="https://www.balagh.com/upload_list/source/Article/Old/nature.2.jpg" /> </span></b></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" dir="rtl" itemprop="name" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" dir="rtl" itemprop="name" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span>
</span></span></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: right;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">تخريج حديث مسلم الدليل علي أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر والتعقيب علي ذلك بدراسة
تخريج حديث ابي هريرة الأوثق والأضبط </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قول مسلم الدليل علي أن قاتل نفسه لا
يكفر</span></b><span style="color: #fcff01; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">الروابط لاسلام ويب</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<b>[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=1&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">تخريج</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=2&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">شواهد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=3&cid=5245&bk_no=158"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">أطراف</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/asaneed.php?bk_no=158&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">الأسانيد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ]</b><br />
<br />
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رقم الحديث: 171</span></b><br />
<b>(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث مرفوع) حَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=5049"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=927"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3579"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2491"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">،
عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2287"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">حَجَّاجٍ الصَّوَّافِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">،
عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=7270"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">،
عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2069"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue;">جَابِرٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، أَنَّ
الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ ، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي حِصْنٍ
حَصِينٍ وَمَنْعَةٍ ؟ قَالَ : حِصْنٌ كَانَ لِدَوْسٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ،
فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّذِي ذَخَرَ
اللَّهُ لِلأَنْصَارِ ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ،
وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ ، فَاجْتَوَوْا الْمَدِينَة َ ، فَمَرِضَ
فَجَزِعَ فَأَخَذَ مَشَاقِصَ لَهُ فَقَطَعَ بِهَا بَرَاجِمَهُ ، فَشَخَبَتْ
يَدَاهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ ، فَرَآهُ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍ وَفِي مَنَامِهِ فَرَآهُ
، وَهَيْئَتُهُ حَسَنَةٌ ، وَرَآهُ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : مَا صَنَعَ
بِكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : غَفَرَ لِي بِهِجْرَتِي إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : مَا لِي أَرَاكَ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ :
قِيلَ لِي : لَنْ نُصْلِحَ مِنْكَ مَا أَفْسَدْتَ ، فَقَصَّهَا الطُّفَيْلُ عَلَى
رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : " <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اللَّهُمَّ وَلِيَدَيْهِ ،
فَاغْفِرْ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> " .</b></span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">تخريج حديث مسلم
الدليل علي أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر والتعقيب علي ذلك بدراسة تخريج حديث ابي هريرة
الأوثق والأضبط </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">قول مسلم الدليل علي أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر</span></b><span style="color: #fcff01; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">الروابط لاسلام ويب</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<b>[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=1&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">تخريج</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=2&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">شواهد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=3&cid=5245&bk_no=158"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">أطراف</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/asaneed.php?bk_no=158&cid=5245&sid=2069"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">الأسانيد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ]</b><br />
<br />
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رقم الحديث: 171</span></b><br />
<b>(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث مرفوع) حَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=5049"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=927"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3579"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2491"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2287"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">حَجَّاجٍ الصَّوَّافِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=7270"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2069"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 24.0pt;">جَابِرٍ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، أَنَّ الطُّفَيْلَ
بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ ، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ وَمَنْعَةٍ ؟
قَالَ : حِصْنٌ كَانَ لِدَوْسٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّذِي ذَخَرَ اللَّهُ لِلأَنْصَارِ ،
فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى
الْمَدِينَةِ ، هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ
رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ ، فَاجْتَوَوْا الْمَدِينَة َ ، فَمَرِضَ فَجَزِعَ فَأَخَذَ مَشَاقِصَ
لَهُ فَقَطَعَ بِهَا بَرَاجِمَهُ ، فَشَخَبَتْ يَدَاهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ ، فَرَآهُ
الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍ وَفِي مَنَامِهِ فَرَآهُ ، وَهَيْئَتُهُ حَسَنَةٌ ،
وَرَآهُ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : مَا صَنَعَ بِكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ فَقَالَ
: غَفَرَ لِي بِهِجْرَتِي إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ،
فَقَالَ : مَا لِي أَرَاكَ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ : قِيلَ لِي : لَنْ
نُصْلِحَ مِنْكَ مَا أَفْسَدْتَ ، فَقَصَّهَا الطُّفَيْلُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> :
" <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اللَّهُمَّ وَلِيَدَيْهِ ، فَاغْفِرْ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> " .</b></span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Arabic","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a></span></b> <br /></span></b></span></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span><br /></span></b></span></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span> </span></b><br />
<b><span>
</span></b><br />
</span></span></span><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span></span>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">صحابة</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(76, 243, 4) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">حسن
الحديث</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(146, 146, 145) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">موضع
سقط</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(251, 243, 4) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">شديد
الضعف</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: rgb(12, 36, 4) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">ثقات</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(204, 252, 180) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">ليس
بالقوي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(4, 179, 250) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">ضعيف</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(245, 4, 4) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 18.75pt;" width="25">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(252, 250, 232) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0.75pt; width: 20%;" width="20%">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">متهم
بالوضع</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a></div><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
</label></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">(1) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">إسحاق بن إبراهيم</span></span></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(2) <span style="background: rgb(72, 239, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">محمد
بن مسلم</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(3) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">حجاج بن ميسرة</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(4) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">حماد بن زيد</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(5) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">سليمان بن حرب</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(6) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">إسحاق بن إبراهيم</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(7) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">مسلم بن الحجاج</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(8) <span style="color: red;">الكتاب:</span>
<span style="color: blue;">صحيح مسلم [</span><span style="color: maroon;">الحكم: </span><span style="color: black;">إسناده حسن رجاله ثقات عدا محمد بن مسلم القرشي وهو صدوق
إلا أنه يدلس ، رجاله رجال مسلم</span>]</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
</label></span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #20124d;">(1) <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></span></span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(2) <span style="background: rgb(72, 239, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">محمد
بن مسلم</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(3) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">حجاج بن ميسرة</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(4) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">حماد بن زيد</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(5) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">سليمان بن حرب</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(6) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">عبد الله بن محمد</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <b>
<label style="cursor: pointer;">
<span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></label></b></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(7) <span style="background: rgb(13, 37, 5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: yellow;">مسلم بن الحجاج</span></span></b>
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span> <span style="color: #a0a0a0;">|</span>
</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(8) <span style="color: red;">الكتاب:</span>
<span style="color: blue;">صحيح مسلم [</span><span style="color: maroon;">الحكم: </span><span style="color: black;">إسناده حسن رجاله ثقات عدا محمد بن مسلم القرشي وهو صدوق
إلا أنه يدلس ، رجاله رجال مسلم</span>]</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a> <br /></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">قلت المدون مدار الحديث علي محمد بن مسلم وهو صدوق ويدلس وأبي الزبير لا تقبل روايته عن جابر إذا رواها بالعنعنة وقد عنعنها </span></span></span></b></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"> </span></span></span></b></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s16000/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" /></a> <br /></span></span></span></b></div>
<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: red;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-QA" style="font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt;">تخريج الحديث</span></span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt;"></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table1" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(204, 204, 153); mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0.75pt;"><div style="text-align: right;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table2" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">م</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">طرف الحديث</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">الصحابي</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">اسم الكتاب</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أفق</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">العزو</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">المصنف</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-QA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">سنة الوفاة</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=158&hid=171&pid=105925" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">صحيح
مسلم</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">171</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">119</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">مسلم
بن الحجاج</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">261</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=121&hid=14688&pid=60289" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">مسند
أحمد بن حنبل</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">14688</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">14564</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أحمد
بن حنبل</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">241</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=454&hid=3094&pid=269355" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">صحيح
ابن حبان</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">3094</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">3017</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
حاتم بن حبان</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">354</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=594&hid=7030&pid=313549" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر ورفع يديه</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">المستدرك
على الصحيحين</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">7030</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">4
: 76</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">الحاكم
النيسابوري</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">405</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=365&hid=105&pid=183863" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">مستخرج
أبي عوانة</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">105</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">136</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
عوانة الإسفرائيني</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">316</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">6</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=620&hid=256&pid=318011" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
أحسبه قال وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">المسند
المستخرج على صحيح مسلم لأبي نعيم</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">256</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">306</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
نعيم الأصبهاني</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">430</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=673&hid=14563&pid=" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">السنن
الكبرى للبيهقي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">14563</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">8
: 17</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">البيهقي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">458</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">8</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=327&hid=2145&pid=155421" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">مسند
أبي يعلى الموصلي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2145</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2175</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
يعلى الموصلي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">307</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=475&hid=2467&pid=280461" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">المعجم
الأوسط للطبراني</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2467</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2406</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">سليمان
بن أحمد الطبراني</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">360</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">10</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=574&hid=645&pid=" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">الإيمان
لابن منده</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">645</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2
: 648</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد
بن إسحاق بن منده</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">395</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">11</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=147&hid=59&pid=" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر فرفع يديه</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جزء
رفع اليدين في الصلاة للبخاري</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">59</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">154</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد
بن إسماعيل البخاري</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">256</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">12</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=380&hid=175&pid=" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">مشكل
الآثار للطحاوي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">175</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">198</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">الطحاوي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">321</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">13</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=628&hid=8742&pid=" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
أحسبه قال وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">حلية
الأولياء لأبي نعيم</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">8742</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">8748</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
نعيم الأصبهاني</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">430</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">14</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=681&hid=2119&pid=334427" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">دلائل
النبوة للبيهقي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2119</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">---</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">البيهقي</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">458</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">15</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=1591&hid=2099&pid=563387" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">أسد
الغابة</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">2099</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">---</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">علي
بن الأثير</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">630</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">16</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(164, 0, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 221.25pt;" width="295"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?bk_no=141&hid=612&pid=96903" target="_blank"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر ورفع يديه</span></b></a></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">جابر
بن عبد الله</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 32, 96) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 112.5pt;" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">الأدب
المفرد للبخاري</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">612</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(0, 51, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">614</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(192, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204, 204, 153) rgb(204, 204, 153); border-left: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-style: none none solid solid; border-top: none; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد
بن إسماعيل البخاري</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: solid #CCCC99 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #CCCC99 .75pt; padding: 0cm; width: 87pt;" width="116"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;">256</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="color: white; font-family: "arabic typesetting"; font-size: 36pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1;">
<br /></div><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>رتبة الحديث الحديث فيه ابي الزبير
عن جابر وقد عنعنه كما فيه محمد بن مسلم صدوق يدلس وبهذا لا تنهض همته في
مجابهة أحاديث الثقات وهم:انظر تخريج وشواهد واطراف واسانيد حديث ابي هريرة
وهو أوثق وأضبط من حديث ابي الزبير عن جابر </span></span></span></b></div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> </span></b><br /></p><div class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%;">[ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=1&cid=882&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">تخريج</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=2&cid=882&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">شواهد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/hadithServices.php?type=3&cid=882&bk_no=158"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">أطراف</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/asaneed.php?bk_no=158&cid=882&sid=4396"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">الأسانيد</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> ] روابط التخريج لحديث ابي هريرة من اسلام ويب<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رقم الحديث: 162</span><br />
(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حديث مرفوع</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">حَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=5049" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4836" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">،
قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=8160" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">وَكِيعٌ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنِ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3629" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">الأَعْمَشِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2840" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">أَبِي صَالِحٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، عَنْ </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4396" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: navy; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، قَالَ :
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> : " <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="color: green;">مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَدِيدَةٍ ، فَحَدِيدَتُهُ فِي يَدِهِ
يَتَوَجَّأُ بِهَا فِي بَطْنِهِ ، فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فِيهَا
أَبَدًا ، وَمَنْ شَرِبَ سَمًّا ، فَقَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ فَهُوَ يَتَحَسَّاهُ ، فِي
نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فِيهَا أَبَدًا ، وَمَنْ تَرَدَّى مِنْ
جَبَلٍ ، فَقَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ ، فَهُوَ يَتَرَدَّى فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا
مُخَلَّدًا فِيهَا أَبَدًا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: green;"><span dir="LTR"></span> " </span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وحَدَّثَنِي </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3036" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">،
حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2122" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">جَرِيرٌ </span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ح وحَدَّثَنَا </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3383" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الأَشْعَثِيُّ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=4189" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">عَبْثَرٌ </span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ح وحَدَّثَنِي </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=8247" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">يَحْيَى بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْحَارِثِيُّ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=2625" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">خَالِدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، حَدَّثَنَا </span><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/RawyDetails.php?RawyID=3795" title="معلومات الرواة"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: maroon; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">شُعْبَةُ </span></a><span lang="AR-SA">كُلُّهُمْ ،
بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ،
قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ذَكْوَان</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
.</span></b></span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></b><br /></div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ========================</span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a> </span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">ومن ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الانتحار في </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85"><span lang="AR-SA">الإسلام</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هو: قتل الشخص نفسه عمدا، ويعد جريمة ومعصية يأثم فاعله، وهو
حرام </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9_(%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87)"><span lang="AR-SA">اتفاقا</span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، بأدلة من المنقول والمعقول، قال
الله تعالى: ﴿ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم﴾. فالنفس ملك لله، والحياة وهبها الله للإنسان،
فليس له أن يستعجل الموت بإزهاق الروح؛ لأن ذلك تدخل فيما لا يملك، حفظ النفس أحد
الكليات الخمس في الشرع الإسلامي، وتؤكد تعاليم الدين الإسلامي على أن الإنسان في
هذه الحياة في مرحلة عابرة، وأن الحياة الحقيقية هي الحياة الأخروية التي يجازى
فيها الإنسان يوم يقوم الناس لرب العالمين، وأن هذه الحياة فترة اختبار أي: دار امتحان
وابتلاء، وعلى هذا الأساس فإن الإسلام يحيث على الصبر على طاعة الله وفي مواجهة
الحياة وما يعرض للإنسان من متاعب بروح الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر، والتسليم لأمر
الله وقدره، وعدم الجزع، ولا اليأس من رحمة الله، وأن الله يجازي العباد في الدار
الآخرة، كما أن مفهوم الحرية الشخصية؛ لا يتجاوز حدود العبودية لله رب العالمين.
فالموت ليس خلاصا من الحياة، وهي لا تنتهي به، وعقوبة القاتل نفسه لا تتحقق إلا في
الحياة الأخروية، إذ لا يمكن للناس معاقبة شخص ميت، كما أنه لا يعاقب أهل الميت
بوزر لم يرتكبوه، وقاتل نفسه يتحمل وزر القتل، وما قد يترتب عليه من تعذيب نفسه،
وإقلاق أسرته ومجتمعة، ولربما كانت وفاته سببا لتفويت حقوق والتزامات متعلقة بالآخرين.
وفي الحديث: «عن ثابت الضحاك قال: قال النبي </span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span>: <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ومن قتل
نفسه بشيء عذب به في نار جهنم». قال </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"><span lang="AR-SA">ابن حجر</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:
«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ويؤخذ منه أن جناية الإنسان على نفسه كجنايته على غيره
في الإثم لأن نفسه ليست ملكا له مطلقا بل هي لله تعالى فلا يتصرف فيها إلا بما أذن
له فيه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وفي الحديث: «عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span>: "<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من
قتل نفسه بحديدة؛ فحديدته في يده يتوجأ بها في بطنه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها
أبدا، ومن شرب سما فقتل نفسه؛ فهو يتحساه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا، ومن
تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه؛ فهو يتردى في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا"».
والعذاب في الآخرة بمشيئة الله، فقد مرض رجل فجزع فقتل نفسه، وثبت فيه حديث: «فقال
رسول الله </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span>«<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اللهم
وليديه فاغفر»». قال النووي: «أن من قتل نفسه أو ارتكب معصية غيرها ومات من غير
توبة فليس بكافر، ولا يقطع له بالنار، بل هو في حكم المشيئة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وهذا الحديث شرح للأحاديث الموهم
ظاهرها تخليد قاتل النفس وغيره من أصحاب الكبائر في النار. وفيه إثبات عقوبة بعض
أصحاب المعاصي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">محتويات </span><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85">1
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الانتحار في الإسلام</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1">1.1
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مفهوم الحرية والاختيار</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1">1.2
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB">1.3
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في الحديث</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86">1.4
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في القرآن</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3">1.5
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تهلكة النفس</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%B1">1.6
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الإصر</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A">1.7
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكم الشرعي</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1">1.8
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1">2
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكمة من تحريم الانتحار</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7">3
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المنتحر ارتكب جريمتين عظيمتين هما</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7">4
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">انظر أيضا</span></a><br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9">5
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مراجع</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الانتحار في الإسلامالانتحار محرم في </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85"><span lang="AR-SA">الإسلام</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لقول </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87"><span lang="AR-SA">الله</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">يَا
أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَأْكُلُواْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ
بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلاَّ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنكُمْ وَلاَ
تَقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا </span>(<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">النساء</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:29)<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span>، فالنفس ملك لله
وليس لأحد أن يقتل نفسه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">روي عن أبي هريرة في </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85"><span lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:
<br />
<br />
</span></b><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Cquote2.png"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cquote2.png/15px-Cquote2.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.gif" width="15" /></span></span></b></a><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">من
قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في يده يتوجأ بها في بطنه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها
أبدا، ومن شرب سما فقتل نفسه فهو يتحساه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا، ومن
تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو يتردى في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
</span></b><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Cquote1.png"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cquote1.png/15px-Cquote1.png" border="0" height="11" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.gif" width="15" /></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مفهوم الحرية والاختيار</span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من المعلوم أنه يمكن للإنسان أن يختار في حياته أشياء،
وله حرية في أن يختار ما يأكل أو يشرب أو يلبس، أو يفعل أو يترك، لكن من المؤكد أن
هناك قيود لهذه الحرية، وأن هذا الاختيار لا يتجاوز حدود الممكن، بدليل الواقع،
فهو لم يوجد نفسه، ولا يستطيع أن يحدد المواصفات التي يخلق بها، ولا يملك أمر الموت
والحياة، فليس بمقدوره أن يقرر متى سيولد، أو كم سيعيش، ولا أن يدفع عن نفسه
الموت، إلى غير ذلك، مما هو عاجز عنه، فهو بلا شك مفتقر إلى الآخرين، في الوجود
والحياة، فليس له أن يخرق القوانين، ولا أن يتعدى على الغير، فحريته تستلزم احترام
حقوق الآخرين. وكونه لم يوجد نفسه، يستلزم افتقاره إلى الخالق الذي أوجده، ووهب له
الحياة، وهو الله خالق كل شيء، فالنفس ملك لله، وقتل الإنسان نفسه تجاوز لحدود
الاختيار الذي منحه الله له، واعتبار الانتحار معصية لله، بعني: أن مفهوم الحرية
الشخصية، لا يخرج عن كون الشخص عبدا مملوكا لله، وليس له مطلق الحرية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر</span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إن وجود الإنسان في الحياة يستلزم افتقاره إلى الخالق
الذي أوجده، وهو الله، الذي دلت المخلوقات على وجوده، وبرهن على ربوبيته بإرسال
الرسل، والوحي إليهم، واعتبار الانتحار معصية أو خطيئة، قائم على مبدء الإيمان
بالله واليوم الآخر؛ لأن الانتحار استعجال الموت بإزهاق الروح، وتصرف بإمر مرده إلى
الله، ويكون الامتناع عنه، ووصفه بالخطيئة نتيجة الإيمان بالله، والعلم بالجزاء
على الأعمال في الحياة الأخروية. والمؤمن باليوم الآخر لا يجزع ولا يضجر ولا ييأس
من روح الله، ولا يرى في ذلك هروبا من الواقع؛ لإيقانه بأن الموت ليس خلاصا من
الحياة، وأن حياته لا تنتهي بالموت، وأن أي عقوبة لقاتل نفسه لن تتحقق إلا في
الحياة الأخروية، إذ لا يمكن للناس معاقبة شخص ميت، كما أنه لا يعاقب أهل الميت
بوزر لم يرتكبوه، بل يكون قاتل نفسه متحملا وزر القتل، وما قد يترتب عليه من </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3"><span lang="AR-SA">تعذيب نفسه</span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، وإقلاق أسرته وأصدقائه
ومجتمعة، ولربما كانت وفاته سببا لتفويت حقوق والتزامات متعلقة بالآخرين</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في الحديث«عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال النبي صلى
الله عليه وسلم لا يتمنين أحدكم الموت من ضر أصابه فإن كان لا بد فاعلا فليقل
اللهم أحيني ما كانت الحياة خيرا لي وتوفني إذا كانت الوفاة خيرا لي».وفي رواية
لأبي داود</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: «<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">لا يدعون أحدكم بالموت لضر نزل به ولكن ليقل اللهم أحيني ما كانت الحياة خيرا
لي وتوفني إذا كانت الوفاة خيرا لي</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>».<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في القرآنيتفق المسلمون على تحريم الانتحار، ومن النصوص
القرآنية الدالة على ذلك،</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">قول الله تعالى</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>: <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ra_bracket.png/12px-Ra_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="12" /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">يَا
أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَأْكُلُواْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ
إِلاَّ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنكُمْ وَلاَ تَقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Aya-29.png/20px-Aya-29.png" border="0" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="20" /><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/La_bracket.png/12px-La_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" width="12" /></span> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">قال </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A"><span lang="AR-SA">الطبري</span></a></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في تأويل قول الله تعالى: ﴿ولا تقتلوا
أنفسكم﴾: «يعني بذلك -جل ثناؤه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>-:
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم، ولا يقتل بعضكم بعضا، وأنتم أهل ملة
واحدة، ودعوة واحدة، ودين واحد. فجعل -جل ثناؤه- أهل الإسلام كلهم بعضهم من بعض،
وجعل القاتل منهم قتيلا في قتله إياه، منهم بمنزلة قتله نفسه، إذ كان القاتل والمقتول
أهل يد واحدة على من خالف ملتهما». وعن أسباط عن السدي: ﴿ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم﴾،
يقول: «أهل ملتكم». وعن عطاء بن أبي رباح قال:«قتل بعضكم بعضا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>».<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">كما أن قتل الإنسان نفسه </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span lang="AR-SA">معصية</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وفي الدين الإسلامي يعد قتل الإنسان نفسه معصية، كما دلت
النصوص على ذلك، وعلى أنه حرام في الشرائع السابقة، إلا أنه كان في بعض الأحيان
عقوبة فرضها الله، على المخالفين من بني إسرائيل، كما يدل على ذلك قول الله تعالى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ra_bracket.png/12px-Ra_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="12" /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وَإِذْ
قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ فَتُوبُواْ إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ
ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ عِندَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهُ هُوَ
التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Aya-54.png/20px-Aya-54.png" border="0" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.gif" width="20" /><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/La_bracket.png/12px-La_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" width="12" /></span>.<br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال الله تعالى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ra_bracket.png/12px-Ra_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="12" /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وَلَوْ
أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُواْ مِن
دِيَارِكُم مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُواْ
مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتًا </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تهلكة النفس قتل الإنسان نفسه تهلكة النفس، وقد نهى الله
عن ذلك، قال الله تعالى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ra_bracket.png/12px-Ra_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="12" /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وَأَنفِقُواْ
فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَلاَ تُلْقُواْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ
وَأَحْسِنُوَاْ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aya-195.png/20px-Aya-195.png" border="0" height="26" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.gif" width="20" /><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/La_bracket.png/12px-La_bracket.png" border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" width="12" /></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال البغوي:
في تفسير قول الله تعالى: ﴿ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة﴾: «وقال زيد بن أسلم:
كان رجال يخرجون في البعوث بغير نفقة فإما أن يقطع بهم وإما أن كانوا عيالا فأمرهم
الله تعالى بالإنفاق على أنفسهم في سبيل الله ومن لم يكن عنده شيء ينفقه فلا يخرج
بغير نفقة ولا قوت فيلقي بيده إلى التهلكة فالتهلكة أن يهلك من الجوع والعطش أو
بالمشي». وقال محمد بن سيرين وعبيدة السلماني: «الإلقاء إلى التهلكة هو القنوط من
رحمة الله تعالى». قال أبو قلابة: «هو الرجل يصيب الذنب فيقول قد هلكت ليس لي توبة
فييأس من رحمة الله وينهمك في المعاصي فنهاهم الله تعالى عن ذلك»، قال الله تعالى:
﴿إنه لا ييأس من روح الله إلا القوم الكافرون﴾</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة يوسف</span></a><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">، آية: (87</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>).<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الإصر</span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال في تفسير البحر المحيط في تفسير قول الله تعالى:
﴿ربنا ولا تحمل علينا إصرا كما حملته على الذين من قبلنا﴾: قال ابن عباس، ومجاهد،
وقتادة، والسدي، وابن جريج، والربيع، وابن زيد: «الإصر العهد والميثاق الغليظ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال ابن زيد
أيضا: «الإصر: الذنب الذي لا كفارة فيه ولا توبة منه». وقال مالك: «الإصر الأمر
الغليظ الصعب». وقال عطاء: «الإصر المسخ قردة وخنازير</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>» <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقيل: الإثم، حكاه ثعلب، وقيل: فرض
يصعب أداؤه، وقيل: تعجيل العقوبة، روي ذلك عن قتادة. وقال الزجاج: «محنة تفتننا
كالقتل والجرح في بني إسرائيل، والجعل لمن يكفر سقفا من فضة». وقال الزمخشري:
«العبء الذي يأصر صاحبه، أي يحبسه مكانه لا يستقل به، استعير للتكليف الشاق من
نحو: قتل النفس، وقطع موضع النجاسة من الجلد والثوب، وغير ذلك، انتهى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">قال القفال: «من نظر في السفر الخامس من التوراة التي
يدعيها هؤلاء اليهود: وقف على ما أخذ عليهم من غليظ العهود والمواثيق، ورأى
الأعاجيب الكثيرة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span>﴿الذين من
قبلنا﴾ المراد به اليهود، وقال الضحاك: والنصارى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span>﴿ربنا ولا
تحملنا ما لا طاقة لنا به﴾ قال قتادة: «لا تشدد علينا كما شددت على من كان قبلنا»
وقال الضحاك: «لا تحملنا من الأعمال ما لا نطيق» وقال نحوه ابن زيد وقال ابن جريج:
«لا تمسخنا قردة وخنازير». وقال السدي : «التغليظ والأغلال التي كانت على بني
إسرائيل». 88 أخرج البخاري في صحيحه: «عن ثابت الضحاك قال قال النبي </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span>: "<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من
حلف بغير ملة الإسلام فهو كما قال، قال ومن قتل نفسه بشيء عذب به في نار جهنم،
ولعن المؤمن كقتله، ومن رمى مؤمنا بكفر فهو كقتله"».قوله: «ومن قتل نفسه بشيء
عذب به في نار جهنم». في رواية علي بن المبارك «ومن قتل نفسه بشيء في الدنيا عذب
به يوم القيامة». وقوله: "بشيء" أعم مما وقع في رواية مسلم
"بحديدة" ولمسلم من حديث أبي هريرة "ومن تحسى سما" قال ابن
دقيق العيد: «هذا من باب مجانسة العقوبات الأخروية للجنايات الدنيوية». وقال ابن حجر:
«ويؤخذ منه أن جناية الإنسان على نفسه كجنايته على غيره في الإثم لأن نفسه ليست
ملكا له مطلقا بل هي لله تعالى فلا يتصرف فيها إلا بما أذن له فيه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>». </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">وفي الحديث: دليل على المماثلة في القصاص، قال
الله تعالى: ﴿وجزاء سيئة سيئة مثلها﴾</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>.</span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">روى مسلم في صحيحه حديث: «عن أبي هريرة قال قال
رسول الله </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من قتل نفسه بحديدة فحديدته في يده يتوجأ بها في بطنه في نار
جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها أبدا ومن شرب سما فقتل نفسه فهو يتحساه في نار جهنم خالدا
مخلدا فيها أبدا ومن تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو يتردى في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها
أبدا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>"».<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكم الشرعي</span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">يعد قتل الإنسان نفسه معصية من كبائر الذنوب، ويكون قاتل
نفسه عاصيا، ويعاقب في النار يوم القيامة، بسبب هذا الجرم الذي ارتكبه، ولا يخرج
منها الإسلام ظاهريا بهذه المعصية، لكنه في السرائر سيعاقب بالخلود في
جهنم أبدا ويخلد في النار، قال الله تعالى: ﴿إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به
ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء﴾. وبهذه الاية دخلت كل الذنوب في دائرة الشرك لأن كل
ذنب وراءه دافع من الشيطان أو النفس أو الهوي ولا يخرجه من محيط الشرك الا التوبة
انظر مدونة قانون الحق الالهي </span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أما الانتحار </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85"><span lang="AR-SA">فمحرم</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">في </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85"><span lang="AR-SA">الإسلام</span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، وهو كبيرة من </span><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span lang="AR-SA">كبائر الذنوب</span></a><span lang="AR-SA">، وقد ثبت تحريمه بالكتاب
والسنة. قال </span><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)"><span lang="AR-SA">الله</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تعالى:﴿ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم ان الله كان بكم رحيما﴾</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة النساء</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية 29</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقال تعالى:﴿ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة وأحسنوا إن
الله يحب المحسنين﴾</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة البقرة</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
195. </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وبأحاديث النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم وجزاؤه الخلود أبدا
في جهنم كما سبق في سياق الاحاديث والاحاديث الاتية </span></span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">وقال </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF"><span lang="AR-SA">رسول الله</span></a></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صلى الله عليه وسلم</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> :((<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">من تردى من جبل فقتل نفسه فهو في نار
جهنم يتردى فيها فيها خالدا مخلدا فيها ابدا، ومن تحسى سما فقتل نفسه فسمه في يده
يتحساه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها ابدا،</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">ومن قتل نفسه بحديده فحديدته في يده يجأ بها في
بطنه في نار جهنم خالدا مخلدا فيها ابدا)). متفق عليه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>. </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">وفي حديث </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF"><span lang="AR-SA">سهل بن سعد</span></a></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رضي الله عنه في قصة الرجل الذي جرح
جرحا شديدا في إحدى الغزوات، فوضع سيفه بين ثدييه، وتحامل عليه فقتل نفسه، فقال </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF"><span lang="AR-SA">رسول الله</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صلى اللهعليه وسلم </span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: ((<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اما انه من أهل النار)) رواه </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A"><span lang="AR-SA">البخاري</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فأما الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر فهو دليل
باطل احتج به أصحب التأويل اعتمادا علي حديثٍ محمد بن مسلم عن ابي الزبير عن
جابر بالتدليس فهو حديث غير محفوظ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">فقد روى مسلم في صحيحه، في: باب الدليل على أن
قاتل نفسه لا يكفر حديث: « مدلس عن محمد بن مسلم عن أبي الزبير عن جابر
{{وهو حديث مدلس وقد رواه محمد بن مسلم معنعا لم يصرح فيع بالسماع ورواه ابو
الزبير عن جابر مدلسا لم يصرح فيه بالسماع وكلاهما قد عنعناه فبطل الاستدلال به
قطعا</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> }}</span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">واعتمد من قالوا بهذا المذهب الباطل علي
حلم ساقه الشيطان</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;">
</span></div><p dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="font-family: Indie Flower;"><b><span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أن الطفيل بن عمرو الدوسي أتى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال
يا رسول الله هل لك في حصن حصين ومنعة قال حصن كان لدوس في الجاهلية فأبى ذلك
النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم للذي ذخر الله للأنصار فلما هاجر النبي صلى الله عليه
وسلم إلى المدينة هاجر إليه الطفيل بن عمرو وهاجر معه رجل من قومه فاجتووا المدينة
فمرض فجزع فأخذ مشاقص له فقطع بها براجمه فشخبت يداه حتى مات فرآه الطفيل بن عمرو
في منامه فرآه وهيئته حسنة ورآه مغطيا يديه فقال له ما صنع بك ربك فقال غفر لي
بهجرتي إلى نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال ما لي أراك مغطيا يديك قال قيل لي لن
نصلح منك ما أفسدت فقصها الطفيل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال رسول الله
صلى الله عليه وسلم اللهم وليديه فاغفر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>».</span></b></span></p>
<p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a> </span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="font-family: Source Sans Pro;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">قوله: «فلما هاجر النبي <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" />
إلى المدينة؛ هاجر إليه الطفيل بن عمرو، وهاجر معه رجل من قومه، فاجتووا
المدينة» بمعنى: كرهوا المقام بها لضجر، ونوع من سقم، فمرض فجزع فأخذ
مشاقص، فقطع بها براجمه، فشخبت يداه، حتى مات فرآه الطفيل في منامه وهيئته
حسنة ورآه مغطيا يديه فقال له: ما صنع بك ربك؟ فقال: «غفر لي بهجرتي إلى
نبيه <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" />»، فقال مالي أراك مغطيا يديك؟ قال: قيل لي: لن نصلح منك ما أفسدت. قال: «فقصها الطفيل على رسول الله <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" /> فقال رسول الله <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" />:
«اللهم وليديه فاغفر»». ورفع يديه بالدعاء له، طالبا له المغفرة، ولو كان
موصوفا بالكفر؛ لما دعا له. قال النووي: «أما أحكام الحديث ففيه حجة لقاعدة
عظيمة لأهل السنة أن من قتل نفسه أو ارتكب معصية غيرها ومات من غير توبة
فليس بكافر، ولا يقطع له بالنار، بل هو في حكم المشيئة. وقد تقدم بيان
القاعدة وتقريرها. وهذا الحديث شرح للأحاديث التي قبله الموهم ظاهرها تخليد
قاتل النفس وغيره من أصحاب الكبائر في النار، وفيه إثبات عقوبة بعض أصحاب
المعاصي فإن هذا عوقب في يديه ففيه رد على المرجئة القائلين بأن المعاصي لا
تضر. والله أعلم».<br />الحكمة من تحريم الانتحار<br /><br />الحكمة من تحريم الانتحار: أن <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86">الإنسان</a>
ملك لخالقه ومولاه، فقد وهبه الله الروح والجسد وأمر الملائكة بالسجود له،
وانزله إلى الأرض ليعمرها، ويكون خليفة الله فيها. فلا يجوز للمسلم قتل
نفسه فجسمه امانة ائتمنه الله عليها ولا يجوز اتلاف الجسم؛ لأنه لايجوز
العبث بالأمانة. <br />المنتحر ارتكب جريمتين عظيمتين هما<br />عدم الرضا بقضاء <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)">الله</a> وقدرة.<br />التعدي على ما لا يملكه. <br />انظر أيضا<br /> مقالة مفصلة: <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1">نظرة الأديان للانتحار</a> <br /><br />
فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، باب من حلف بملة سوى ملة الإسلام وقال النبي
صلى الله عليه وسلم من حلف باللات والعزى فليقل لا إله إلا الله ولم ينسبه
إلى الكفر، حديث رقم: (6277)، ص: (548) <br /> فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، كتاب الأيمان والنذور، حديث رقم: (6277)، ص: (548) <br /> صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه وأن من قتل نفسه بشيء يعذب به وأنه لا يدخل الجنة إلا مسلم، حديث رقم: (109) <br /> صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر، حديث رقم: (116) <br /> رواه مسلم في صحيحه، انظر: <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1">نظرة الأديان للانتحار</a> <br /> شرح صحيح مسلم للنووي، باب الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا يكفر، ص: (299). <br /> <a href="http://www.syria-news.com/readnews.php?sy_seq=9565">سيريانيوز :: المجرمون ليسوا شهداء *</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230416/http://syria-news.com/readnews.php?sy_seq=9565">نسخة محفوظة</a> 23 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86">واي باك مشين</a>. <br />
رواه البخاري، انظر: فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، لأحمد بن علي ابن حجر
العسقلاني، باب تمني المريض الموت، حديث رقم: (5347) ص: (134). <br />
رواه أبو داود، في السنن. حديث رقم: (3108)، وانظر عون المعبود شرح سنن
أبي داود، في كتاب الجنائز، (باب في كراهية تمني الموت) ص: (287) <br /> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1">سورة النساء</a> آية: (29) <br /> تفسير الطبري، الجزء الثامن، ص: (239)، المكتبة الإسلامية تفسير <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1">سورة النساء</a> آية: (29). <br /> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9">سورة البقرة</a> آية: (54). <br /> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1">سورة النساء</a> آية: (66). <br /> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9">سورة البقرة</a> آية: (195) <br /> الحسين بن مسعود البغوي <br /> تفسير البغوي، المكتبة الإسلامية الجزء الأول، ص: (217) <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9">سورة البقرة</a> <br /> تفسير البحر المحيط، الجزء الثاني، ص: (369، 370). <br /> صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه وأن من قتل نفسه بشيء يعذب به وأنه لا يدخل الجنة إلا مسلم، حديث رقم: (109) </span></span><br /><br /> مشاقص: آلة حادة </span></b><br /></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span>
</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">قوله: «فلما هاجر النبي </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">إلى
المدينة؛ هاجر إليه الطفيل بن عمرو، وهاجر معه رجل من قومه، فاجتووا المدينة»
بمعنى: كرهوا المقام بها لضجر، ونوع من سقم، فمرض فجزع فأخذ مشاقص، فقطع بها
براجمه، فشخبت يداه، حتى مات فرآه الطفيل في منامه وهيئته حسنة ورآه مغطيا يديه
فقال له: ما صنع بك ربك؟ فقال: «غفر لي بهجرتي إلى نبيه </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span dir="RTL"></span>، فقال مالي أراك مغطيا يديك؟ قال: قيل
لي: لن نصلح منك ما أفسدت. قال: «فقصها الطفيل على رسول الله </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/21px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\DRABDO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="21" /></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;">فقال
رسول الله </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">[</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arabic Typesetting"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"> «<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اللهم وليديه فاغفر»». ورفع يديه بالدعاء له، طالبا له المغفرة، ولو كان موصوفا
بالكفر؛ لما دعا له. قال النووي: «أما أحكام الحديث ففيه حجة لقاعدة عظيمة لأهل
السنة أن من قتل نفسه أو ارتكب معصية غيرها ومات من غير توبة فليس بكافر، ولا يقطع
له بالنار، بل هو في حكم المشيئة. وقد تقدم بيان القاعدة وتقريرها. وهذا الحديث
شرح للأحاديث التي قبله الموهم ظاهرها تخليد قاتل النفس وغيره من أصحاب الكبائر في
النار، وفيه إثبات عقوبة بعض أصحاب المعاصي فإن هذا عوقب في يديه ففيه رد على
المرجئة القائلين بأن المعاصي لا تضر. والله أعلم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>».<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكمة من تحريم الانتحار</span><br />
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكمة من تحريم الانتحار: أن </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86"><span lang="AR-SA">الإنسان</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ملك لخالقه ومولاه، فقد وهبه الله الروح والجسد وأمر الملائكة
بالسجود له، وانزله إلى الأرض ليعمرها، ويكون خليفة الله فيها. فلا يجوز للمسلم
قتل نفسه فجسمه امانة ائتمنه الله عليها ولا يجوز اتلاف الجسم؛ لأنه لايجوز العبث
بالأمانة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المنتحر ارتكب جريمتين عظيمتين هما</span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عدم الرضا بقضاء </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)"><span lang="AR-SA">الله</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">وقدرة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">التعدي على ما لا يملكه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>. <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">انظر أيضا</span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مقالة مفصلة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>:
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">نظرة الأديان للانتحار</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، باب من حلف بملة سوى ملة
الإسلام وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من حلف باللات والعزى فليقل لا إله إلا
الله ولم ينسبه إلى الكفر، حديث رقم: (6277)، ص: (548</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، كتاب الأيمان والنذور،
حديث رقم: (6277)، ص: (548</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه وأن
من قتل نفسه بشيء يعذب به وأنه لا يدخل الجنة إلا مسلم، حديث رقم: (109</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا
يكفر، حديث رقم: (116</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رواه مسلم في صحيحه، انظر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>: <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">نظرة الأديان للانتحار</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شرح صحيح مسلم للنووي، باب الدليل على أن قاتل نفسه لا
يكفر، ص: (299</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>). <br />
<a href="http://www.syria-news.com/readnews.php?sy_seq=9565"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سيريانيوز :: المجرمون ليسوا شهداء</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> *</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230416/http://syria-news.com/readnews.php?sy_seq=9565"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">نسخة محفوظة</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
23 <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">أكتوبر 2017 على موقع </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86"><span lang="AR-SA">واي باك مشين</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رواه البخاري، انظر: فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، لأحمد
بن علي ابن حجر العسقلاني، باب تمني المريض الموت، حديث رقم: (5347) ص: (134</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>). <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">رواه أبو داود، في السنن. حديث رقم: (3108)، وانظر عون
المعبود شرح سنن أبي داود، في كتاب الجنائز، (باب في كراهية تمني الموت) ص: (287</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة النساء</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية: (29</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تفسير الطبري، الجزء الثامن، ص: (239)، المكتبة
الإسلامية تفسير </span><span dir="RTL"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1"><span lang="AR-SA">سورة النساء</span></a></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية: (29</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>).
<br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة البقرة</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية: (54</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>).
<br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة النساء</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية: (66</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>).
<br />
<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة البقرة</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">آية: (195</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحسين بن مسعود البغوي </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تفسير البغوي، المكتبة الإسلامية الجزء الأول، ص: (217</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">سورة البقرة</span></a><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تفسير البحر المحيط، الجزء الثاني، ص: (369، 370</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>). <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">صحيح مسلم كتاب الإيمان باب تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه وأن
من قتل نفسه بشيء يعذب به وأنه لا يدخل الجنة إلا مسلم، حديث رقم: (109</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) <br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">مشاقص: آلة حادة </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">البراجم: مفاصل الأصابع </span><br />
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">شخبت يداه: سال دمهما، وقيل: سال بقوة</span><br />
===========</span></b></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></b></div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> البراجم: مفاصل الأصابع <br /><br /><br /> شخبت يداه: سال دمهما، وقيل: سال بقوة </span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Tajawal ExtraLight"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b>
</span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/s959/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3MJ2KmyYu8U7zdIbX5lvCHVrEmwhg0vjOD6AWciPuC-tkXMdJ43eApWJL5XBO30mw9TyvjoSe2G7CgNHUtHECTSc1a02Iwpdh-8mI3xDAKqzBLZ-xf0T3GlREA93h82qejqM7cGYborA/w640-h301/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585++2.png" width="640" /></a> </span></b></p><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/s892/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9hljlqg_vAFnPUqpnaa-ayYW7bciv_PiRf1FrILnpeHMcXUkvfPxzRCNaVZfqS4jWFwErbOrvPX3Q5UULraCYO3sugivIYzmHmYd6hHwgPAoUk432Juoe0BVgsBmErA78yt0SXAV9Qc/w640-h264/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586+%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585.png" /></a><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ============ </span></b>
...........................</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-91969374280856137812017-02-10T07:48:00.008-08:002021-06-26T13:28:57.091-07:0027 مذكرة ا رضا الفاروق <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div><p>
https://wwwsurat11elbakarah.blogspot.com/2017/02/25.html
هيتميلات رضا الفاروق
ادب وبلاغة وقصة </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p><iframe height="480" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vRDTNgTWDVjYMscMOZ1u3bC7QYgYRW0X/preview" width="640"></iframe> </p><p> </p><p>////////==================================</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-18775586367422864032017-02-10T07:48:00.007-08:002017-05-30T23:57:38.537-07:0030 سورة البقرة /سورة 2/عدد آياتها 286<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b>سورة البقرة /سورة 2/عدد آياتها 286</b></div>
</span></b></div>
</span></b></div>
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"> <div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"></span></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b></b><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b><span style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><div style="display: inline !important;">
<b>بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم</b></div>
</span></b></div>
</span></b></div>
</span></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b><b><img src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/pixle.gif" /></b></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>الم (1) ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (2) الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ (3) وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآَخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ (4) أُولَئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (5) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنْذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنْذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (6) خَتَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَى سَمْعِهِمْ وَعَلَى أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (7) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آَمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ (8) يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ (9) فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضًا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ (10) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ (11) أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ (12) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آَمِنُوا كَمَا آَمَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَا آَمَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السُّفَهَاءُ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (13) وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا قَالُوا آَمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَى شَيَاطِينِهِمْ قَالُوا إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُسْتَهْزِءُونَ (14) اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ (15) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى فَمَا رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ (16) مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ (17) صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ (18) أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آَذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ (19) يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (20) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (21) الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (22) وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (23) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ (24) وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوا مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ رِزْقًا قَالُوا هَذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ وَأُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشَابِهًا وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَهُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (25) إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَا بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا مَثَلًا يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ (26) الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (27) كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنْتُمْ أَمْوَاتًا فَأَحْيَاكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (28) هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَوَاتٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (29) وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (30) وَعَلَّمَ آَدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَؤُلَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (31) قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ (32) قَالَ يَا آَدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (33) وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآَدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ (34) وَقُلْنَا يَا آَدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (35) فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ وَقُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ (36) فَتَلَقَّى آَدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (37) قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (38) وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآَيَاتِنَا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (39) يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ وَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ (40) وَآَمِنُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلْتُ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَكُمْ وَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كَافِرٍ بِهِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآَيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَإِيَّايَ فَاتَّقُونِ (41) وَلَا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (42) وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآَتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ (43) أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (44) وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ (45) الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلاَقُواْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (46) يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (47) وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَا تَجْزِي نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا عَدْلٌ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ (48) وَإِذْ نَجَّيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ آَلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ وَفِي ذَلِكُمْ بَلَاءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ (49) وَإِذْ فَرَقْنَا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنْجَيْنَاكُمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آَلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (50) وَإِذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَنْتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (51) ثُمَّ عَفَوْنَا عَنْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (52) وَإِذْ آَتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَالْفُرْقَانَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (53) وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ فَتُوبُوا إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ بَارِئِكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (54) وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَى لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (55) ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَاكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (56) وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ (57) وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ادْخُلُوا هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ نَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (58) فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا رِجْزًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ (59) وَإِذِ اسْتَسْقَى مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبْ بِعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ فَانْفَجَرَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَشْرَبَهُمْ كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا مِنْ رِزْقِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ (60) وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَا مُوسَى لَنْ نَصْبِرَ عَلَى طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُمْ مَا سَأَلْتُمْ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَاءُو بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآَيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ (61) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالنَّصَارَى وَالصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آَمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (62) وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آَتَيْنَاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (63) ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ فَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَكُنْتُمْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (64) وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنْكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ (65) فَجَعَلْنَاهَا نَكَالًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا وَمَا خَلْفَهَا وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (66) وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ (67) قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنَا مَا هِيَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ فَافْعَلُوا مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ (68) قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنَا مَا لَوْنُهَا قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ فَاقِعٌ لَوْنُهَا تَسُرُّ النَّاظِرِينَ (69) قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّنْ لَنَا مَا هِيَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ (70) قَالَ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَا ذَلُولٌ تُثِيرُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِي الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَا شِيَةَ فِيهَا قَالُوا الْآَنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ (71) وَإِذْ قَتَلْتُمْ نَفْسًا فَادَّارَأْتُمْ فِيهَا وَاللَّهُ مُخْرِجٌ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (72) فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَا كَذَلِكَ يُحْيِي اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَى وَيُرِيكُمْ آَيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (73) ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ فَهِيَ كَالْحِجَارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً وَإِنَّ مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ لَمَا يَتَفَجَّرُ مِنْهُ الْأَنْهَارُ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَشَّقَّقُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْمَاءُ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَهْبِطُ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (74) أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ (75) وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا قَالُوا آَمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (76) أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ (77) وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا أَمَانِيَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ (78) فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ (79) وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَنْ يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (80) بَلَى مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (81) وَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (82) وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآَتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ (83) وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ (84) ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَإِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَى تُفَادُوهُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرَاجُهُمْ أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (85) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآَخِرَةِ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ (86) وَلَقَدْ آَتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ وَآَتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ (87) وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلًا مَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (88) وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ (89) بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ فَبَاءُو بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (90) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آَمِنُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَاءَهُ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْبِيَاءَ اللَّهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (91) وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مُوسَى بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَنْتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (92) وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آَتَيْنَاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَاسْمَعُوا قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِهِ إِيمَانُكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (93) قُلْ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَكُمُ الدَّارُ الْآَخِرَةُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِنْ دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (94) وَلَنْ يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ (95) وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَى حَيَاةٍ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُمْ لَوْ يُعَمَّرُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَنْ يُعَمَّرَ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ (96) قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (97) مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ (98) وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آَيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْفَاسِقُونَ (99) أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (100) وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (101) وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُوا الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ وَمَا هُمْ بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (102) وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آَمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (103) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لَا تَقُولُوا رَاعِنَا وَقُولُوا انْظُرْنَا وَاسْمَعُوا وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (104) مَا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ (105) مَا نَنْسَخْ مِنْ آَيَةٍ أَوْ نُنْسِهَا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهَا أَوْ مِثْلِهَا أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (106) أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (107) أَمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَسْأَلُوا رَسُولَكُمْ كَمَا سُئِلَ مُوسَى مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمَنْ يَتَبَدَّلِ الْكُفْرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ (108) وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (109) وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآَتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (110) وَقَالُوا لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى تِلْكَ أَمَانِيُّهُمْ قُلْ هَاتُوا بُرْهَانَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (111) بَلَى مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (112) وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ لَيْسَتِ النَّصَارَى عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى لَيْسَتِ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَهُمْ يَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ كَذَلِكَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ (113) وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ وَسَعَى فِي خَرَابِهَا أُولَئِكَ مَا كَانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوهَا إِلَّا خَائِفِينَ لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا خِزْيٌ وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (114) وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (115) وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ كُلٌّ لَهُ قَانِتُونَ (116) بَدِيعُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَإِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (117) وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ لَوْلَا يُكَلِّمُنَا اللَّهُ أَوْ تَأْتِينَا آَيَةٌ كَذَلِكَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِمْ تَشَابَهَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا الْآَيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ (118) إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ (119) وَلَنْ تَرْضَى عَنْكَ الْيَهُودُ وَلَا النَّصَارَى حَتَّى تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَهُمْ قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ (120) الَّذِينَ آَتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهِ أُولَئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (121) يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (122) وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَا تَجْزِي نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا عَدْلٌ وَلَا تَنْفَعُهَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ (123) وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا قَالَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي قَالَ لَا يَنَالُ عَهْدِي الظَّالِمِينَ (124) وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ (125) وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آَمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آَمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ (126) وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (127) رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (128) رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آَيَاتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (129) وَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ وَلَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ (130) إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (131) وَوَصَّى بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ (132) أَمْ كُنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِي قَالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلَهَكَ وَإِلَهَ آَبَائِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ (133) تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُمْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (134) وَقَالُوا كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى تَهْتَدُوا قُلْ بَلْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (135) قُولُوا آَمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ (136) فَإِنْ آَمَنُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا آَمَنْتُمْ بِهِ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوْا وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا هُمْ فِي شِقَاقٍ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ (137) صِبْغَةَ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ صِبْغَةً وَنَحْنُ لَهُ عَابِدُونَ (138) قُلْ أَتُحَاجُّونَنَا فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ وَلَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُخْلِصُونَ (139) أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى قُلْ أَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهَادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (140) تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُمْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (141) سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا قُلْ لِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (142) وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ (143) قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ (144) وَلَئِنْ أَتَيْتَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ بِكُلِّ آَيَةٍ مَا تَبِعُوا قِبْلَتَكَ وَمَا أَنْتَ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَتَهُمْ وَمَا بَعْضُهُمْ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَةَ بَعْضٍ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ (145) الَّذِينَ آَتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ (146) الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ (147) وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ أَيْنَ مَا تَكُونُوا يَأْتِ بِكُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (148) وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِنَّهُ لَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (149) وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (150) كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًا مِنْكُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آَيَاتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ (151) فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ (152) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (153) وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ وَلَكِنْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ (154) وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنْفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ (155) الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ (156) أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ (157) إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ (158) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتَابِ أُولَئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ (159) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنَا التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (160) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ (161) خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ (162) وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ (163) إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآَيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (164) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْدَادًا يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذَابِ (165) إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ (166) وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ (167) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ (168) إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (169) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا أَلْفَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ آَبَاءَنَا أَوَلَوْ كَانَ آَبَاؤُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ (170) وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءً صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ (171) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (172) إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (173) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَشْتَرُونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ إِلَّا النَّارَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (174) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى وَالْعَذَابَ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ (175) ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ (176) لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آَمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَآَتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَالسَّائِلِينَ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآَتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ (177) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (178) وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (179) كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ (180) فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَمَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (181) فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (182) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (183) أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (184) شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآَنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (185) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (186) أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآَنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آَيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ (187) وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (188) يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (189) وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ (190) وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ (191) فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (192) وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ (193) الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ (194) وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ وَأَحْسِنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (195) وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (196) الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُونِ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ (197) لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ (198) ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (199) فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آَبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آَتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآَخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ (200) وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آَتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ (201) أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ (202) وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (203) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ (204) وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ وَالنَّسْلَ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ (205) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَلَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ (206) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ (207) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ (208) فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (209) هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ (210) سَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَمْ آَتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ آَيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ وَمَنْ يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (211) زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (212) كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (213) أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ (214) يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلْ مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ (215) كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تُحِبُّوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (216) يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآَخِرَةِ وَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (217) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (218) يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآَيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ (219) فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآَخِرَةِ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (220) وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيُبَيِّنُ آَيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ (221) وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ (222) نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ مُلَاقُوهُ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (223) وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمَانِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (224) لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ (225) لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءُو فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (226) وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (227) وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِنْ كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (228) الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آَتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (229) فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (230) وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آَيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (231) وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ذَلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ ذَلِكُمْ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ (232) وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَا آَتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (233) وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (234) وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ (235) لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ (236) وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (237) حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ (238) فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ (239) وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (240) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ (241) كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آَيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (242) أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيَاهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ (243) وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (244) مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (245) أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلَإِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَى إِذْ قَالُوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَهُمُ ابْعَثْ لَنَا مَلِكًا نُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ أَلَّا تُقَاتِلُوا قَالُوا وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ (246) وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ لَكُمْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكًا قَالُوا أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِنَ الْمَالِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (247) وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ آَيَةَ مُلْكِهِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمُ التَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آَلُ مُوسَى وَآَلُ هَارُونَ تَحْمِلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآَيَةً لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (248) فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُمْ بِنَهَرٍ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلَاقُوا اللَّهِ كَمْ مِنْ فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ (249) وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (250) فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ وَآَتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ (251) تِلْكَ آَيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (252) تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ وَآَتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آَمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ (253) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (254) اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ (255) لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (256) اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمُ الطَّاغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُمْ مِنَ النُّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُمَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (257) أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ أَنْ آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا أُحْيِي وَأُمِيتُ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ (258) أَوْ كَالَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّى يُحْيِي هَذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا فَأَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِاْئَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ قَالَ كَمْ لَبِثْتَ قَالَ لَبِثْتُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ قَالَ بَلْ لَبِثْتَ مِاْئَةَ عَامٍ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجْعَلَكَ آَيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ كَيْفَ نُنْشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكْسُوهَا لَحْمًا فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ قَالَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (259) وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (260) مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِاْئَةُ حَبَّةٍ وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (261) الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (262) قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ (263) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى كَالَّذِي يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ (264) وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ وَتَثْبِيتًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍ بِرَبْوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٌ فَآَتَتْ أُكُلَهَا ضِعْفَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (265) أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَأَصَابَهُ الْكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَاءُ فَأَصَابَهَا إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَاحْتَرَقَتْ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآَيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ (266) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآَخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ (267) الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (268) يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُواْ الْأَلْبَابِ (269) وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُمْ مِنْ نَذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ (270) إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمْ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (271) لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ (272) لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ (273) الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (274) الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (275) يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ (276) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآَتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (277) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (278) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ (279) وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (280) وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (281) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (282) وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آَثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ (283) لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (284) آَمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آَمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ (285) لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (286) </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><img src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/pixle.gif" /> </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><img src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/a2.gif" /> </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><img src="https://www.qassimy.com/reading_and_listen_the_quran_kareem_online/index_files/empty1.gif" /> </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</span></b><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-34607186913223016022017-02-10T07:47:00.006-08:002021-06-26T13:23:23.239-07:0025 كتاب الرحيق المختوم في اللغة العربية للصف الثالث الثانوي مكبر للمذاكرة مباشرة<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
هيتميل كتاب الرحيق المختوم في اللغة العربية للصف الثالث الثانوي مكبر للمذاكرة مباشرة
---------
</div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><b> كتاب الرحيق المختوم في اللغة العربية للصف الثالث الثانوي مكبر للمذاكرة مباشرة</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">---------<br /> <img height="640" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-1-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" width="452" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-2-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-3-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-4-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-5-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-6-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-7-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-8-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-9-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-10-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-11-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-12-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-13-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-14-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-15-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-16-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-17-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-18-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-19-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-20-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-21-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-22-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-23-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-24-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-25-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-26-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-27-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-28-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-29-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-30-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-31-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-32-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-33-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-34-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-35-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-36-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-37-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-38-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-39-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-40-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-41-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-42-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-43-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-44-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-45-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-46-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-47-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-48-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-49-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-50-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-51-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-52-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-53-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-54-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-55-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-56-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-57-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-58-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-59-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-60-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-61-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-62-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-63-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-64-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-65-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-66-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-67-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-68-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-69-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-70-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-71-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-72-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-73-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-74-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-75-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-76-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-77-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-78-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-79-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-80-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-81-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-82-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-83-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-84-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-85-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-86-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-87-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-88-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-89-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-90-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-91-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-92-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-93-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-94-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-95-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-96-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-97-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-98-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-99-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-100-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-101-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-102-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-103-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-104-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-105-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-106-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-107-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-108-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-109-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-110-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-111-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-112-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-113-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-114-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-115-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-116-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-117-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-118-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-119-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-120-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-121-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-122-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-123-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-124-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-125-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-126-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-127-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-128-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-129-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-130-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-131-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-132-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-133-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-134-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-135-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-136-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-137-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-138-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-139-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-140-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-141-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-142-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-143-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-144-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-145-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-146-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-147-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-148-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-149-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-150-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-151-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-152-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-153-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-154-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-155-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-156-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-157-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-158-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-159-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-160-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-161-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-162-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-163-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-164-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-165-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-166-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-167-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-168-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-169-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-170-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-171-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-172-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-160114122151/95/-173-1024.jpg?cb=1452774281" /> -------------------------<br /> <span style="font-size: large;">173 of 173 </span><br /> -</span></b></span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;">
/////////////////</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-36872486394985856712017-02-10T07:47:00.005-08:002021-06-26T13:19:55.814-07:0026 ملزمة فرنساوي للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 -<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />ملزمة فرنساوي للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />===========================================================<br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-1-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-2-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-3-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-4-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-5-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-6-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-7-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-8-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-9-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-10-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-11-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-12-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-13-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-14-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-15-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-16-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-17-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-18-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-19-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-20-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-21-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-22-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-23-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-24-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-25-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-26-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-27-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-28-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-29-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-30-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-31-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-32-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-33-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-34-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-35-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-36-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-37-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-38-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-39-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-40-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-41-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-42-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-43-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-44-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-45-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-46-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-47-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-48-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-49-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-50-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-51-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-52-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-53-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-54-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-55-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-56-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-57-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-58-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-59-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-60-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-61-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-62-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-63-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-64-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-65-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-66-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-67-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-68-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-69-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-70-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-71-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-72-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-73-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-74-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-75-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-76-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-77-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-78-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-79-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-80-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-81-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-82-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-83-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-84-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-85-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-86-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-87-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-88-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-89-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-90-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-91-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-92-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-93-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-94-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-95-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-96-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-97-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-98-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-99-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-100-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-101-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-102-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-103-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-104-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-105-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-106-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-107-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-108-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-109-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-110-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-111-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-112-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-113-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-114-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-115-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-116-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-117-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-118-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-119-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-120-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-121-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-122-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-123-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-124-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-125-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-126-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-127-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-128-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-129-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-130-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-131-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-132-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-133-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-134-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-135-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-136-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-137-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-138-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-139-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-140-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-141-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-142-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-143-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-144-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-145-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-146-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-147-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2017-160728133841/95/2017-148-1024.jpg?cb=1469713176" /> ==========<br /><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> </a><br /><br />ملزمة فرنساوي للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br /><br /><br /><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2017-160727125341-thumbnail-2.jpg?cb=1469624800" /> <br /> <br /> مذكرة هندسة فراغية للصف الثالث الثانوى 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2016-151230205214-thumbnail-2.jpg?cb=1451510612" /> <br /> <br /> ملخص جرامير الفرنساوى للصف الثالث الثانوى <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2017-160804210125-thumbnail-2.jpg?cb=1470344559" /> <br /> <br /> مذكرة بلاغة للشهادة الثانوية 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2017-160906210710-thumbnail-2.jpg?cb=1473196182" /> <br /> <br /> تاريخ للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> ملخص منهج الجغرافيا للثانوية العامة 2017 الجزء الثاني - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> اطلس خرائط الجغرافيا للشهادة الثانوية 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> مذكرة فلسفة شاملة للصف الثالث الثانوي 2017 - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> مذكرة الصف الثالث الثانوي 405 صفحة شاملة للمنهج كله لن تجد أفضل منها مستر مح... <br />محمد الجمل </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> ملخص منهج الجغرافيا للثانوية العامة 2017 الجزء الاول - موقع ملزمتي <br />ملزمتي </a> <br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/#"> <br /> <img src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/thumbnail.png" /> <br /> <br /> جغرافيا للشهادة الثانوية 2017 - موقع ملزمتي </a><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-29964698023057027592017-02-10T07:46:00.006-08:002021-06-26T13:08:16.534-07:0024 3 ثانوي / استاتيكا الصف الثالث الثانوي <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">استاتيكا 3 ث
<div style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;">استاتيكا رابط سلايد شير</span></span></span></i><br /><span style="background-color: white;">3 ثانوي / استاتيكا الصف الثالث الثانوي<br /> --------------------</span></b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><b><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></b></span></span></span><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><img height="320" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-1-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" width="225" /></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><b> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-2-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-3-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-4-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-5-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-6-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-7-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-8-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-9-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-10-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-11-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-12-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-13-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-14-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-15-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-16-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-17-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-18-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-19-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-20-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-21-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-22-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-23-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-24-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-25-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-26-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-27-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-28-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-29-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-30-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-31-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> <br /> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-140825175926-phpapp01/95/-32-1024.jpg?cb=1408989668" /> ---------------<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> 32 of 32 </span></b></span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-size: large;">-----------------</span></span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;">استاتيكا رابط سلايد شير</span></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="1020" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/h03i28PPdqzTye" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="1020"> </iframe></span></span></span></i> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/sdraomn/ss-38346494" target="_blank" title="الإستاتيكا">الإستاتيكا</a> from <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/sdraomn" target="_blank">محمد الجمل</a></span></span></span></i> </div>
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><br /></span></span></span></i>
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><br /></span></span></span></i>
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><br /></span></span></span></i>
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><br /></span></span></span></i>
<i><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-size: large;">------------------------------</span></span></span></span></i></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-52112900307968992412017-02-10T07:46:00.003-08:002017-05-30T23:51:57.806-07:0023 (من الآية 278 الي286 آخر سورة البفرة تفسيرا)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<b></b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: red;"> (<u>من الآية 278 الي {286}آخر سورة البقرة تفسيرا</u>)</span></b><b> </b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span dir="LTR"><o:p> </o:p></span><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;">(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ </b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">(278)</span></b><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"> فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ</b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> ( 279 ) </span></b><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;">وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ </b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">( 280 )</span></b><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"> وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبْتُ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ </b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">( 281 )</span></b><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"> </b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<b> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى آمِرًا عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِتَقْوَاهُ ، نَاهِيًا لَهُمْ عَمَّا يُقَرِّبُهُمْ إِلَى سَخَطِهِ وَيُبْعِدُهُمْ عَنْ رِضَاهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ) أَيْ : خَافُوهُ وَرَاقِبُوهُ فِيمَا تَفْعَلُونَ ( وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا ) أَيِ : اتْرُكُوا مَا لَكَمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْأَمْوَالِ ، بَعْدَ هَذَا الْإِنْذَارِ ( إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ ) أَيْ : بِمَا شَرَعَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ تَحْلِيلِ الْبَيْعِ ، وَتَحْرِيمِ الرِّبَا وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ : أَنَّ هَذَا السِّيَاقَ نَزَلَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ ، وَبَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مَنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ ، كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ رِبًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَدَخَلُوا فِيهِ ، طَلَبَتْ ثَقِيفٌ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَتَشَاوَرُوا وَقَالَتْ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ : لَا نُؤَدِّي الرِّبَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ . فَكَتَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ نَائِبُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَكَتَبَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ : ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) فَقَالُوا : نَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، وَنَذَرُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا ، فَتَرَكُوهُ كُلُّهُمْ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَذَا تَهْدِيدٌ شَدِيدٌ وَوَعِيدٌ أَكِيدٌ ، لِمَنِ اسْتَمَرَّ عَلَى تَعَاطِي الرِّبَا بَعْدَ الْإِنْذَارِ ، قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ( فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ ) أَيِ : اسْتَيْقِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ . وَتَقَدَّمَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ كُلْثُومٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : يُقَالُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِآكِلِ الرِّبَا : خُذْ سِلَاحَكَ لِلْحَرْبِ . ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) فَمَنْ كَانَ مُقِيمًا عَلَى الرِّبَا لَا يَنْزَعُ عَنْهُ فَحَقٌّ عَلَى إِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَسْتَتِيبَهُ ، فَإِنْ نَزَعَ وَإِلَّا ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا : وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الصَّيَارِفَةَ لَأَكَلَةُ الرِّبَا ، وَإِنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ لَاسْتَتَابَهُمْ ، فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَإِلَّا وَضَعَ فِيهِمُ السِّلَاحَ . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : أَوْعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْقَتْلِ كَمَا تَسْمَعُونَ ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ بَهْرَجَا أَيْنَمَا أَتَوْا ، فَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمَا خَالَطَ هَذِهِ الْبُيُوعَ [ ص: 717 ] مِنَ الرِّبَا ; فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَوْسَعَ الْحَلَالَ وَأَطَابَهُ ، فَلَا تُلْجِئَنَّكُمْ إِلَى مَعْصِيَتِهِ فَاقَةٌ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : أَوْعَدَ اللَّهُ آكِلَ الرِّبَا بِالْقَتْلِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ : وَلِهَذَا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِأُمِّ مُحِبَّةَ ، مَوْلَاةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ ، فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْعِينَةِ : أَخْبِرِيهِ أَنَّ جِهَادَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ بَطَلَ ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ ، فَخَصَّتِ الْجِهَادَ ; لِأَنَّهُ ضِدَّ قَوْلِهِ : ( فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ) قَالَ : وَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى ذَكَرَهُ كَثِيرٌ . قَالَ : وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا إِسْنَادُهُ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ضَعِيفٌ . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ ) أَيْ : بِأَخْذِ الزِّيَادَةِ ( وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ ) أَيْ : بِوَضْعِ رُؤُوسِ الْأَمْوَالِ أَيْضًا ، بَلْ لَكُمْ مَا بَذَلْتُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ زِيَادَةٍ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا نَقْصٍ مِنْهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِشْكَابٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ شَيْبَانَ ، عَنْ شَبِيبِ بْنِ غَرْقَدَةَ الْبَارِقِيِّ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَقَالَ : " أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ عَنْكُمْ كُلُّهُ ، لَكُمْ رُؤُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ ، وَأَوَّلُ رِبًا مَوْضُوعٍ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، مَوْضُوعٌ كُلُّهُ " كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ : سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ الْأَحْوَصِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبِيبُ بْنُ غَرْقَدَةَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا مِنْ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ ، فَلَكُمْ رُؤُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي حُرَّةَ الرَّقَاشِيِّ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو هُوَ ابْنُ خَارِجَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ . </b><br /><br /><b>وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ) : يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى الْمُعْسِرِ الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ وَفَاءً ، فَقَالَ : ( وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ ) [ أَيْ ] : لَا كَمَا كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ لِمَدِينِهِ إِذَا حَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ : إِمَّا أَنْ تَقْضِيَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُرْبِيَ . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ يَنْدُبُ إِلَى الْوَضْعِ عَنْهُ ، وَيَعِدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْخَيْرَ وَالثَّوَابَ الْجَزِيلَ ، فَقَالَ : ( وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ) أَيْ : وَأَنْ تَتْرُكُوا رَأْسَ الْمَالِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ وَتَضَعُوهُ عَنِ الْمَدِينِ . وَقَدْ وَرَدَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، بِذَلِكَ </b><br /><br /><b> فَالْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ : عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ [ النَّقِيبِ ] ، قَالَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ الرَّجَّانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَكِيمٍ الْمُقَوِّمُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يُظِلَّهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ ، فَلْيُيَسِّرْ عَلَى مُعْسِرٍ أَوْ لِيَضَعْ عَنْهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ [ ص: 718 ] بْنُ جُحَادَةَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلُهُ صَدَقَةٌ " . قَالَ : ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ " . قُلْتُ : سَمِعْتُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَقُولُ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلُهُ صَدَقَةٌ " . ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُكَ تَقُولُ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ " ؟ ! قَالَ : " لَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلُهُ صَدَقَةٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحِلَّ الدَّيْنُ ، فَإِذَا حَلَّ الدَّيْنُ فَأَنْظَرَهُ ، فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ)</b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، قَالَ [ الْإِمَامُ ] أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْخَطْمِيُّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ : أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ كَانَ لَهُ دَيْنٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ ، وَكَانَ يَأْتِيهِ يَتَقَاضَاهُ ، فَيَخْتَبِئُ مِنْهُ ، فَجَاءَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَخَرَجَ صَبِيٌّ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : نَعَمْ ، هُوَ فِي الْبَيْتِ يَأْكُلُ خَزِيرَةً فَنَادَاهُ : يَا فُلَانُ ، اخْرُجْ ، فَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّكَ هَاهُنَا فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : مَا يُغَيِّبُكَ عَنِّي ؟ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي مُعْسِرٌ ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدِي . قَالَ : آللَّهَ إِنَّكَ مُعْسِرٌ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَبَكَى أَبُو قَتَادَةَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " مَنْ نَفَّسَ عَنْ غَرِيمِهِ أَوْ مَحَا عَنْهُ كَانَ فِي ظِلِّ الْعَرْشِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " . وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ . </b><br /><b> <span style="color: red;">حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : </span>عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ ، قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا الْأَخْنَسُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ ، عَنْ رِبْعَيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَى اللَّهُ بِعَبْدٍ مِنْ عَبِيدِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، قَالَ : مَاذَا عَمِلْتَ لِي فِي الدُّنْيَا ؟ فَقَالَ : مَا عَمِلْتُ لَكَ يَا رَبِّ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَرْجُوكَ بِهَا ، قَالَهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ، قَالَ الْعَبْدُ عِنْدَ آخِرِهَا : يَا رَبِّ ، إِنَّكَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي فَضْلَ مَالٍ ، وَكُنْتُ رَجُلًا أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ وَكَانَ مِنْ خُلُقِي الْجَوَازُ ، فَكُنْتُ أُيَسِّرُ عَلَى الْمُوسِرِ ، وَأُنْظِرُ الْمُعْسِرَ . قَالَ : فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ يُيَسِّرُ ، ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، وَمُسْلِمٌ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ . زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ : وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ وَأَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْبَدْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَحْوِهِ . وَلَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " كَانَ تَاجِرٌ يُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ ، فَإِذَا رَأَى مُعْسِرًا قَالَ لِفِتْيَانِهِ : تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْهُ ، لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَتَجَاوَزُ عَنَّا ، فَتَجَاوَزَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ ، قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ ثَابِتٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ ، أَنَّ سَهْلًا حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ أَعَانَ مُجَاهِدًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوْ غَازِيًا ، أَوْ غَارِمًا فِي عُسْرَتِهِ ، أَوْ مُكَاتَبًا فِي [ ص: 719 ] رَقَبَتِهِ ، أَظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ " ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدٍ الْعَمِّيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ تُسْتَجَابَ دَعْوَتُهُ ، وَأَنْ تُكْشَفَ كُرْبَتُهُ ، فَلْيُفَرِّجْ عَنْ مُعْسِرٍ " ، انْفَرَدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى بِهِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَقَالَ : مَاذَا عَمِلْتَ فِي الدُّنْيَا ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ : مَا عَمِلْتُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَرْجُوكَ بِهَا ، فَقَالَهَا لَهُ ثَلَاثًا ، وَقَالَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ : أَيْ رَبِّ كُنْتَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي فَضْلًا مِنَ الْمَالِ فِي الدُّنْيَا ، فَكُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ ، فَكُنْتُ أَتَيَسَّرُ عَلَى الْمُوسِرِ ، وَأُنْظِرُ الْمُعْسِرَ . فَقَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ ، تَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ عَبْدِي . فَغَفَرَ لَهُ . قَالَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ : هَكَذَا سَمِعْتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَارِقٍ بِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ حَقٌّ فَأَخَّرَهُ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ صَدَقَةٌ " . </b><br /><br /><b> غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ نَحْوُهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أَبِي الْيَسَرِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْيَسَرِ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ عَنْهُ أَظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، قَالَ : خَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَأَبِي نَطْلُبُ الْعِلْمَ فِي هَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَهْلَكُوا ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ لَقِيَنَا أَبَا الْيَسَرِ صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَمَعَهُ غُلَامٌ لَهُ مَعَهُ ضِمَامَةٌ مِنْ صُحُفٍ ، وَعَلَى أَبِي الْيَسَرِ بُرْدَةٌ وَمَعَافِرِيٌّ ، وَعَلَى غُلَامِهِ بُرْدَةٌ وَمَعَافِرِيٌّ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي : يَا عَمِّ ، إِنِّي أَرَى فِي وَجْهِكَ سَفْعَةً مِنْ غَضَبٍ ؟ قَالَ أَجَلْ ، كَانَ لِي عَلَى فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ الْحَرَامِيِّ مَالٌ ، فَأَتَيْتُ أَهْلَهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَثَمَّ هُوَ ؟ قَالُوا : لَا فَخَرَجَ عَلَيَّ ابْنٌ لَهُ جَفْرٌ فَقُلْتُ : أَيْنَ أَبُوكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : سَمِعَ صَوْتَكَ فَدَخَلَ أَرِيكَةَ أُمِّي . فَقُلْتُ : اخْرُجْ إِلَيَّ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ ؟ فَخَرَجَ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنِ اخْتَبَأْتَ مِنِّي ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا وَاللَّهِ أُحَدِّثُكَ ثُمَّ لَا أَكْذِبُكَ ; خَشِيْتُ وَاللَّهِ أَنْ أُحَدِّثَكَ فَأَكْذِبَكَ ، وَأَنْ أَعِدَكَ فَأُخْلِفَكَ ، وَكُنْتَ [ ص: 720 ] صَاحِبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكُنْتُ - وَاللَّهِ - مُعْسِرًا قَالَ : قُلْتُ : آللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : آللَّهِ ، قَالَ : اللَّهِ . قُلْتُ : آللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : اللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَأَتَى بِصَحِيفَتِهِ فَمَحَاهَا بِيَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ قَضَاءً فَاقْضِنِي ، وَإِلَّا فَأَنْتَ فِي حَلٍّ ، فَأَشْهَدُ بَصَرَ عَيْنَيَّ وَوَضْعَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ وَسَمِعَ أُذُنَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ ، وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي وَأَشَارَ إِلَى مَنَاطِ قَلْبِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا ، أَوْ وَضَعَ عَنْهُ أَظَلَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ " . وَذَكَرَ تَمَامَ الْحَدِيثِ . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ [ فِي مُسْنَدِ أَبِيهِ ] حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يَحْيَى الْبَزَّازُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ سَلْمٍ الْكُوفِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ مِحْجَنٍ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يَقُولُ : " أَظَلَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنًا فِي ظِلِّهِ ، يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا ، أَوْ تَرَكَ لِغَارِمٍ " . </b><br /><br /><b> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا نُوحُ بْنُ جَعْوَنَةَ السُّلَمِيُّ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا وَأَوْمَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ وَضَعَ لَهُ ، وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ ، أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ الْجَنَّةِ حَزْنٌ بِرَبْوَةٍ ثَلَاثًا ، أَلَا إِنَّ عَمَلَ النَّارِ سَهْلٌ بِسَهْوَةٍ ، وَالسَّعِيدُ مَنْ وُقِيَ الْفِتَنَ ، وَمَا مِنْ جَرْعَةٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ جَرْعَةِ غَيْظٍ يَكْظِمُهَا عَبْدٌ ، مَا كَظَمَهَا عَبْدٌ لِلَّهِ إِلَّا مَلَأَ اللَّهُ جَوْفَهُ إِيمَانًا " تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ . </b><br /><br /><b> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبُورَانِيُّ قَاضِي الْحَدِيَثَةِ مِنْ دِيَارِ رَبِيعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الصُّدَائِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ الْجَارُودِ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْمُتَّئِدِ خَالُ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَنْظَرَ مُعْسِرًا إِلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ أَنْظَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِذَنْبِهِ إِلَى تَوْبَتِهِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى يَعِظُ عِبَادَهُ وَيُذَكِّرُهُمْ زَوَالَ الدُّنْيَا وَفَنَاءَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَغَيْرِهَا ، وَإِتْيَانَ الْآخِرَةِ وَالرُّجُوعَ إِلَيْهِ تَعَالَى وَمُحَاسَبَتُهُ تَعَالَى خَلْقَهُ عَلَى مَا عَمِلُوا ، وَمُجَازَاتُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَشَرٍّ ، وَيُحَذِّرُهُمْ عُقُوبَتُهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ : حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، قَالَ : آخِرُ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ كُلِّهِ ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) وَعَاشَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تِسْعَ لَيَالٍ ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ ، لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ خَلَتَا مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ .</b><b>[ ص: 721 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : آخَرُ شَيْءٍ نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَرَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : آخِرُ آيَةٍ أُنْزِلَتْ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ) فَكَانَ بَيْنَ نُزُولِهَا [ وَبَيْنَ ] مَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاحِدٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ يَوْمًا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : آخِرُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ) الْآيَةَ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : يَقُولُونَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَاشَ بَعْدَهَا تِسْعَ لَيَالٍ ، وَبُدِئَ يَوْمُ السَّبْتَ وَمَاتَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ ، رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . </b><b>وَرَوَاهُ عَطِيَّةُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ : آخِرُ آيَةٍ أُنْزِلَتْ : ( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) . </b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<b style="color: red; font-size: xx-large;">( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ وَلْيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوْ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ </b><b style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">( 282 ) </span></b><b style="color: red; font-size: xx-large;"> </b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<b> هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ أَطْوَلُ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ : </b><br /><br /><b> حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ : أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَحْدَثَ الْقُرْآنِ بِالْعَرْشِ آيَةُ الدَّيْنِ .</b><b>[ ص: 722 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَحَدَ آدَمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا خَلَقَ آدَمَ ، مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ مَا هُوَ ذَارِئٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، فَجَعَلَ يَعْرِضُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَرَأَى فِيهِمْ رَجُلًا يَزْهَرُ ، فَقَالَ : أَيْ رَبِّ ، مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : هُوَ ابْنُكَ دَاوُدُ . قَالَ : أَيْ رَبِّ ، كَمْ عُمُرُهُ ؟ قَالَ : سِتُّونَ عَامًا ، قَالَ : رَبِّ زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ . قَالَ : لَا إِلَّا أَنْ أَزِيدَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِكَ . وَكَانَ عُمُرُ آدَمَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ ، فَزَادَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا ، فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ كِتَابًا وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ ، فَلَمَّا احْتُضِرَ آدَمُ وَأَتَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَالَ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمُرِي أَرْبَعُونَ عَامًا ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ : إِنَّكَ قَدْ وَهَبْتَهَا لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ . قَالَ : مَا فَعَلْتُ . فَأَبْرَزَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ " </b><br /><br /><b> وَحَدَّثَنَا أَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ : " فَأَتَمَّهَا اللَّهُ لِدَاوُدَ مِائَةً ، وَأَتَمَّهَا لِآدَمَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ [ بِهِ ] . </b><br /><br /><b> هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ فِي أَحَادِيثِهِ نَكَارَةٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ بِنَحْوِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . وَمِنْ رِوَايَةِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . وَمِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> فَقَوْلُهُ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ ) هَذَا إِرْشَادٌ مِنْهُ تَعَالَى لِعِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا تَعَامَلُوا بِمُعَامَلَاتٍ مُؤَجَّلَةٍ أَنْ يَكْتُبُوهَا ، لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ أَحْفَظَ لِمِقْدَارِهَا وَمِيقَاتِهَا ، وَأَضْبُطَ لِلشَّاهِدِ فِيهَا ، وَقَدْ نَبَّهَ عَلَى هَذَا فِي آخِرِ الْآيَةِ حَيْثُ قَالَ : ( ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ ) قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ فِي السَّلَمِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ السَّلَفَ الْمَضْمُونَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمَّى أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّهُ وَأَذِنَ فِيهِ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ) رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهُمْ يُسْلِفُونَ فِي الثِّمَارِ السَّنَتَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَسْلَفَ فَلْيُسْلِفْ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ ، وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ ، إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ " .</b><b>[ ص: 723 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَاكْتُبُوهُ ) أَمْرٌ مِنْهُ تَعَالَى بِالْكِتَابَةِ [ وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ ] لِلتَّوْثِقَةِ وَالْحِفْظِ ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ : فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لَا نَكْتُبُ وَلَا نَحْسُبُ " فَمَا الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْأَمْرِ بِالْكِتَابَةِ ؟ فَالْجَوَابُ : أَنَّ الدَّيْنَ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ غَيْرُ مُفْتَقِرٍ إِلَى كِتَابَةٍ أَصْلًا ; لِأَنَّ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ قَدْ سَهَّلَ اللَّهُ وَيَسَّرَ حِفْظَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ ، وَالسُّنَنُ أَيْضًا مَحْفُوظَةٌ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَالَّذِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِكِتَابَتِهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَشْيَاءُ جُزْئِيَّةٌ تَقَعُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، فَأُمِرُوا أَمْرَ إِرْشَادٍ لَا أَمْرَ إِيجَابٍ ، كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُهُمْ . </b><br /><br /><b>قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : مَنِ ادَّانَ فَلْيَكْتُبْ ، وَمَنِ ابْتَاعَ فَلْيُشْهِدْ . </b><br /><br /><b>وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : ذَكَرَ لَنَا أَنَّ أَبَا سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْعَشِيَّ ، كَانَ رَجُلًا صَحِبَ كَعْبًا ، فَقَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ لِأَصْحَابِهِ : هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَظْلُومًا دَعَا رَبَّهُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَجِبْ لَهُ ؟ فَقَالُوا : وَكَيْفَ [ يَكُونُ ] ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : رَجُلٌ بَاعَ بَيْعًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ ، فَلَمَّا حَلَّ مَالُهُ جَحَدَهُ صَاحِبُهُ ، فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَجِبْ لَهُ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ عَصَى رَبَّهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ : كَانَ ذَلِكَ وَاجِبًا ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ ) </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ " أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سَأَلَ بَعْضَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يُسْلِفَهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ ، فَقَالَ : ائْتِنِي بِشُهَدَاءَ أُشْهِدُهُمْ . قَالَ : كَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا . قَالَ : ائْتِنِي بِكَفِيلٍ . قَالَ : كَفَى بِاللَّهِ كَفِيلًا . قَالَ : صَدَقْتَ . فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ، فَخَرَجَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَقَضَى حَاجَتَهُ ، ثُمَّ الْتَمَسَ مَرْكَبًا يَقَدَمُ عَلَيْهِ لِلْأَجَلِ الَّذِي أَجَّلَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَرْكَبًا ، فَأَخَذَ خَشَبَةً فَنَقَرَهَا فَأَدْخَلَ فِيهَا أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَصَحِيفَةً مَعَهَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا ، ثُمَّ زَجَّجَ مَوْضِعَهَا ، ثُمَّ أَتَى بِهَا الْبَحْرَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنِّي اسْتَسْلَفْتُ فُلَانًا أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ ، فَسَأَلَنِي كَفِيلًا فَقُلْتُ : كَفَى بِاللَّهِ كَفِيلًا . فَرَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ ، وَسَأَلَنِي شَهِيدًا ، فَقُلْتُ : كَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا . فَرَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ ، وَإِنِّي قَدْ جَهِدْتُ أَنْ أَجِدَ مَرْكَبًا أَبْعَثُ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ بِالَّذِي أَعْطَانِي فَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَرْكَبًا ، وَإِنِّي اسْتَوْدَعْتُكَهَا . فَرَمَى بِهَا فِي الْبَحْرِ حَتَّى وَلَجَتْ فِيهِ ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ ، وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ يَطْلُبُ مَرْكَبًا إِلَى بَلَدِهِ ، فَخَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كَانَ أَسْلَفَهُ يَنْظُرُ لَعَلَّ مَرْكَبًا تَجِيئُهُ بِمَالِهِ ، فَإِذَا بِالْخَشَبَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا الْمَالُ ، فَأَخَذَهَا لِأَهْلِهِ حَطَبًا فَلَمَّا كَسَرَهَا وَجَدَ الْمَالَ وَالصَّحِيفَةَ ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كَانَ تَسَلَّفَ مِنْهُ ، فَأَتَاهُ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ وَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ مَا زِلْتُ جَاهِدًا فِي طَلَبِ مَرْكَبٍ لِآتِيَكَ بِمَالِكَ فَمَا وَجَدْتُ مَرْكَبًا قَبْلَ الَّذِي أَتَيْتُ فِيهِ . قَالَ : هَلْ كُنْتَ بَعَثْتَ إِلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ ؟ قَالَ : أَلَمْ أُخْبِرْكَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ مَرْكَبًا قَبْلَ هَذَا الَّذِي جِئْتُ فِيهِ ؟ قَالَ : فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَدَّى عَنْكَ الَّذِي بَعَثْتَ بِهِ فِي الْخَشَبَةِ ، فَانْصَرِفْ بِأَلْفِكَ رَاشِدًا " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي سَبْعَةِ مَوَاضِعَ مِنْ طُرُقٍ صَحِيحَةٍ مُعَلَّقًا بِصِيغَةِ</b><b>[ ص: 724 ] الْجَزْمِ ، فَقَالَ : وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . وَيُقَالُ : إِنَّهُ رَوَاهُ فِي بَعْضِهَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبِ اللَّيْثِ ، عَنْهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( لِيَكْتُبْ بَيْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ ) أَيْ : بِالْقِسْطِ وَالْحَقِّ ، وَلَا يَجُرْ فِي كِتَابَتِهِ عَلَى أَحَدٍ ، وَلَا يَكْتُبْ إِلَّا مَا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ زِيَادَةٍ وَلَا نُقْصَانٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ ) أَيْ : وَلَا يَمْتَنِعْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ الْكِتَابَةَ إِذَا سُئِلَ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لِلنَّاسِ ، وَلَا ضَرُورَةَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَكَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْلَمُ ، فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ مِمَّنْ لَا يُحْسِنُ الْكِتَابَةَ وَلْيَكْتُبْ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : " إِنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ أَنْ تُعِينَ صَانِعًا أَوْ تَصْنَعَ لِأَخْرَقَ " . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ : " مَنْ كَتَمَ عِلْمًا يَعْلَمُهُ أُلْجِمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِلِجَامٍ مِنْ نَارٍ " . </b><b>وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعَطَاءٌ : وَاجِبٌ عَلَى الْكَاتِبِ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلْيُمْلِلِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ ) أَيْ : وَلْيُمْلِلِ الْمَدِينُ عَلَى الْكَاتِبِ مَا فِي ذِمَّتِهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ ، وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي ذَلِكَ ، ( وَلَا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ) أَيْ : لَا يَكْتُمُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ، ( فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِيهًا ) مَحْجُورًا عَلَيْهِ بِتَبْذِيرٍ وَنَحْوِهِ ، ( أَوْ ضَعِيفًا ) أَيْ : صَغِيرًا أَوْ مَجْنُونًا ( أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُمِلَّ هُوَ ) إِمَّا لِعَيٍّ أَوْ جَهْلٍ بِمَوْضِعِ صَوَابِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خَطَئِهِ . ( فَلْيُمْلِلْ وَلِيُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ ( وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِيدَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ ) أَمْرٌ بِالْإِشْهَادِ مَعَ الْكِتَابَةِ لِزِيَادَةِ التَّوْثِقَةِ ، ( فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ ) وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَمَا يُقْصَدُ بِهِ الْمَالُ ، وَإِنَّمَا أُقِيمَتِ الْمَرْأَتَانِ مَقَامَ الرَّجُلِ لِنُقْصَانِ عَقْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ ، تَصَدَّقْنَ وَأَكْثِرْنَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ " ، فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ جَزْلَةٌ : وَمَا لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ : " تُكْثِرْنَ اللَّعْنَ ، وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ ، مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ وَدِينٍ أَغْلَبَ لِذِي لُبٍّ مِنْكُنَّ " . قَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ ؟ قَالَ : " أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ عَقْلِهَا فَشَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَعْدِلُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ ، فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ ، وَتَمْكُثُ اللَّيَالِي لَا تُصَلِّي ، وَتُفْطِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ ، فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الدِّينِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ ) فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى اشْتِرَاطِ الْعَدَالَةِ فِي الشُّهُودِ ، وَهَذَا مُقَيَّدٌ ، حَكَمَ بِهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُطْلَقٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ، مِنَ الْأَمْرِ بِالْإِشْهَادِ مِنْ غَيْرِ اشْتِرَاطٍ . وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ مَنْ رَدَّ الْمَسْتُورَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الشَّاهِدُ عَدْلًا مُرْضِيًا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( أَنْ تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا ) يَعْنِي : الْمَرْأَتَيْنِ إِذَا نَسِيَتِ الشَّهَادَةَ ( فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى ) أَيْ : يَحْصُلُ لَهَا ذِكْرَى بِمَا وَقَعَ بِهِ الْإِشْهَادُ ، وَلِهَذَا قَرَأَ آخَرُونَ : " فَتُذَكِّرَ " بِالتَّشْدِيدِ مِنَ التِّذْكَارِ . وَمَنْ قَالَ :</b><b>[ ص: 725 ] إِنْ شَهَادَتَهَا مَعَهَا تَجْعَلُهَا كَشَهَادَةِ ذَكَرٍ فَقَدْ أَبْعَدَ ، وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا ) قِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ : إِذَا دُعُوا لِلتَّحَمُّلِ فَعَلَيْهِمُ الْإِجَابَةُ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ قَتَادَةَ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ . وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا يَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ فَلْيَكْتُبْ ) وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا اسْتُفِيدَ أَنَّ تَحَمُّلَ الشَّهَادَةِ فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقِيلَ وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ الْجُمْهُورِ : الْمُرَادُ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا يَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا ) لِلْأَدَاءِ ، لِحَقِيقَةِ قَوْلِهِ : ( الشُّهَدَاءُ ) وَالشَّاهِدُ حَقِيقَةً فِيمَنْ تَحَمَّلَ ، فَإِذَا دُعِيَ لِأَدَائِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ الْإِجَابَةُ إِذَا تَعَيَّنَتْ وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَأَبُو مِجْلَزٍ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : إِذَا دُعِيتَ لِتَشْهَدَ فَأَنْتِ بِالْخِيَارِ ، وَإِذَا شَهِدْتَ فَدُعِيتَ فَأَجِبْ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ وَالسُّنَنِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ الشُّهَدَاءِ ؟ الَّذِي يَأْتِي بِشَهَادَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْأَلَهَا " . </b><br /><br /><b> فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الْآخَرُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : " أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِشَرِّ الشُّهَدَاءِ ؟ الَّذِينَ يَشْهَدُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَشْهَدُوا " ، وَكَذَا قَوْلُهُ : " ثُمَّ يَأْتِي قَوْمٌ تَسْبِقُ أَيْمَانُهُمْ شَهَادَتَهُمْ ، وَتَسْبِقُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ أَيْمَانَهُمْ " . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : " ثُمَّ يَأْتِي قَوْمٌ يَشْهَدُونَ وَلَا يُسْتَشْهَدُونَ " . فَهَؤُلَاءِ شُهُودُ الزُّورِ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ : أَنَّهَا تَعُمُّ الْحَالَيْنِ : التَّحَمُّلَ وَالْأَدَاءَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوْ كَبِيرًا إِلَى أَجَلِهِ ) هَذَا مِنْ تَمَامِ الْإِرْشَادِ ، وَهُوَ الْأَمْرُ بِكِتَابَةِ الْحَقِّ صَغِيرًا كَانَ أَوْ كَبِيرًا ، فَقَالَ : ( وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا ) أَيْ : لَا تَمَلُّوا أَنْ تَكْتُبُوا الْحَقَّ عَلَى أَيِّ حَالٍ كَانَ مِنَ الْقِلَّةِ وَالْكَثْرَةِ ) إِلَى أَجَلِهِ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ ( ذَلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا ) أَيْ : هَذَا الَّذِي أَمَرْنَاكُمْ بِهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابَةِ لِلْحَقِّ إِذَا كَانَ مُؤَجَّلًا هُوَ ( أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ) أَيْ : أَعْدَلُ ( وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ ) أَيْ : أَثْبَتُ لِلشَّاهِدِ إِذَا وَضَعَ خَطَّهُ ثُمَّ رَآهُ تَذَكَّرَ بِهِ الشَّهَادَةَ ، لِاحْتِمَالِ أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكْتُبْهُ أَنْ يَنْسَاهُ ، كَمَا هُوَ الْوَاقِعُ غَالِبًا ( وَأَدْنَى أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا ) وَأَقْرَبُ إِلَى عَدَمِ الرِّيبَةِ ، بَلْ تَرْجِعُونَ عِنْدَ التَّنَازُعِ إِلَى الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُمُوهُ ، فَيَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ بِلَا رِيبَةٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا ) أَيْ : إِذَا كَانَ الْبَيْعُ بِالْحَاضِرِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ ، فَلَا بَأْسَ بِعَدَمِ الْكِتَابَةِ لِانْتِفَاءِ الْمَحْذُورِ فِي تَرْكِهَا . </b><br /><br /><b> فَأَمَّا الْإِشْهَادُ عَلَى الْبَيْعِ ، فَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ ) قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ [ ص: 726 ] فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَايَعْتُمْ ) يَعْنِي : أَشْهَدُوا عَلَى حَقِّكُمْ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِ أَجَلٌ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ، فَأَشْهَدُوا عَلَى حَقِّكُمْ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ . قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَالْحَسَنُ : هَذَا الْأَمْرُ مَنْسُوخٌ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ مَحْمُولٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ عَلَى الْإِرْشَادِ وَالنَّدْبِ ، لَا عَلَى الْوُجُوبِ . وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : </b><br /><br /><b> حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَارَةُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، أَنَّ عَمَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْتَاعَ فَرَسًا مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ ، فَاسْتَتْبَعَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَقْضِيَهُ ثَمَنَ فَرَسِهِ ، فَأَسْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبْطَأَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ ، فَطَفِقَ رِجَالٌ يَعْتَرِضُونَ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ فَيُسَاوِمُونَهُ بِالْفَرَسِ ، وَلَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْتَاعَهُ ، حَتَّى زَادَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ فِي السَّوْمِ عَلَى ثَمَنِ الْفَرَسِ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَادَى الْأَعْرَابِيُّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : إِنْ كُنْتَ مُبْتَاعًا هَذَا الْفَرَسَ فَابْتَعْهُ ، وَإِلَّا بِعْتُهُ ، فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ سَمِعَ نِدَاءَ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ ، قَالَ : " أَوَلَيْسَ قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ ؟ " قَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ : لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا بِعْتُكَ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " بَلْ قَدِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ " . فَطَفِقَ النَّاسُ يَلُوذُونَ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْأَعْرَابِيِّ وَهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ ، فَطَفِقَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ يَقُولُ : هَلُمَّ شَهِيدًا يَشْهَدُ أَنِّي بَايَعْتُكَ . فَمَنْ جَاءَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ لِلْأَعْرَابِيِّ : وَيْلَكَ ! إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقًّا . حَتَّى جَاءَ خُزَيْمَةُ ، فَاسْتَمَعَ لِمُرَاجَعَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمُرَاجَعَةِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ يَقُولُ هَلُمَّ شَهِيدًا يَشْهَدُ أَنِّي بَايَعْتُكَ . قَالَ خُزَيْمَةُ : أَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بَايَعْتَهُ . فَأَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى خُزَيْمَةَ فَقَالَ : " بِمَ تَشْهَدُ ؟ " فَقَالَ : بِتَصْدِيقِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَهَادَةَ خُزَيْمَةَ بِشَهَادَةِ رَجُلَيْنِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ ، وَالنَّسَائِيِّ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الزَّبِيْرِيِّ كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، بِهِ نَحْوَهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَلَكِنَّ الِاحْتِيَاطَ هُوَ الْإِشْهَادُ ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامَانِ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " ثَلَاثَةٌ يَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ فَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ : رَجُلٌ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ سَيِّئَةُ الْخُلُقِ فَلَمْ يُطَلِّقْهَا ، وَرَجُلٌ دَفَعَ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ ، وَرَجُلٌ أَقْرَضَ رَجُلًا مَالًا فَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، قَالَ : وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ ، لِتَوْقِيفِ أَصْحَابِ شُعْبَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَلَى أَبِي مُوسَى ، وَإِنَّمَا أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى سَنَدِ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ : " ثَلَاثَةٌ يُؤْتُونَ أَجْرَهَمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ ) قِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ : لَا يُضَارَّ الْكَاتِبُ وَلَا الشَّاهِدُ ، فَيَكْتُبُ هَذَا خِلَافَ مَا يُمْلَى ، وَيَشْهَدُ هَذَا بِخِلَافِ مَا سَمِعَ أَوْ يَكْتُمُهَا بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَسَنِ وَقَتَادَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ : لَا يَضُرُّ بِهِمَا ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ</b><span style="font-size: large;"><b>[ ص: 727 ] </b></span><br /><br /><b> حَدَّثَنَا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَفْصٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ ) قَالَ : يَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ فَيَدْعُوهُمَا إِلَى الْكِتَابِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ ، فَيَقُولَانِ : إِنَّا عَلَى حَاجَةٍ فَيَقُولُ : إِنَّكُمَا قَدْ أُمِرْتُمَا أَنْ تُجِيبَا . فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُضَارَّهُمَا . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَعَطِيَّةَ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ ) أَيْ : إِنْ خَالَفْتُمْ مَا أُمِرْتُمْ بِهِ ، وَفَعَلْتُمْ مَا نَهِيتُمْ عَنْهُ ، فَإِنَّهُ فِسْقٌ كَائِنٌ بِكُمْ ، أَيْ : لَازِمٌ لَكُمْ لَا تَحِيدُونَ عَنْهُ وَلَا تَنْفَكُّونَ عَنْهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ) أَيْ : خَافُوهُ وَرَاقِبُوهُ ، وَاتَّبِعُوا أَمْرَهُ وَاتْرُكُوا زَجْرَهُ ( وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ ) كَقَوْلِهِ ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقَانًا ) [ الْأَنْفَالِ : 29 ] ، وَكَقَوْلِهِ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَآمِنُوا بِرَسُولِهِ يُؤْتِكُمْ كِفْلَيْنِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ نُورًا تَمْشُونَ بِهِ ) [ الْحَدِيدِ : 28 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : هُوَ عَالِمٌ بِحَقَائِقِ الْأُمُورِ وَمَصَالِحِهَا وَعَوَاقِبِهَا ، فَلَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ ، بَلْ عِلْمُهُ مُحِيطٌ بِجَمِيعِ الْكَائِنَاتِ . </b><br /><br /><b>182</b><br /><br /><b>( وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ ( 283)</b><br /><br /><b> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ ) أَيْ : مُسَافِرِينَ وَتَدَايَنْتُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمَّى ( وَلَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا ) يَكْتُبُ لَكُمْ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : أَوْ وَجَدُوهُ وَلَمْ يَجِدْ قِرْطَاسًا أَوْ دَوَاةً أَوْ قَلَمًا فَرُهُنٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ ، أَيْ : فَلْيَكُنْ بَدَلَ الْكِتَابَةِ رِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ فِي يَدِ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدِ اسْتُدِلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَرِهَانٌ مَقْبُوضَةٌ ) عَلَى أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ لَا يُلْزِمُ إِلَّا بِالْقَبْضِ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَالْجُمْهُورِ ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِهَا آخَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّهْنُ مَقْبُوضًا فِي يَدِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ ، وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنِ الْإِمَامِأَحْمَدَ ، وَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَاسْتَدَلَّ آخَرُونَ مِنَ السَّلَفِ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ الرَّهْنُ مَشْرُوعًا إِلَّا فِي السَّفَرِ ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُوُفِّيَ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ ، رَهَنَهَا قُوتًا لِأَهْلِهِ . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : مِنْ يَهُودِ الْمَدِينَةِ . وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ : عِنْدَ أَبِي الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيِّ . وَتَقْرِيرُ هَذِهِ الْمَسَائِلِ فِي كِتَابِ " الْأَحْكَامِ الْكَبِيرِ " ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ ، وَبِهِ [ ص: 728 ] الْمُسْتَعَانُ . </b><br /><br /><b>وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ ) رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ جَيِّدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : هَذِهِ نَسَخَتْ مَا قَبْلَهَا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : إِذَا ائْتَمَنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلَا بَأْسَ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوا أَوْ لَا تُشْهِدُوا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ ) يُعْنَى : الْمُؤْتَمَنُ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " عَلَى الْيَدِ مَا أَخَذَتْ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّيَهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ ) أَيْ : لَا تُخْفُوهَا وَتَغُلُّوهَا وَلَا تُظْهِرُوهَا . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ : شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ مِنْ أَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ ، وَكِتْمَانُهَا كَذَلِكَ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ ) قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : يَعْنِي : فَاجْرٌ قَلْبُهُ ، وَهَذِهِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذًا لَمِنَ الْآثِمِينَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 106 ] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا وَإِنْ تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 135 ] ، وَهَكَذَا قَالَ هَاهُنَا : ( وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ ) </b><br /><br /><b>183</b><br /><br /><b>( لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( 284 ) ) </b><br /><br /><b> يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ لَهُ مُلْكَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ وَمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ ، وَأَنَّهُ الْمُطَّلِعُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِنَّ ، لَا تَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ الظَّوَاهِرُ وَلَا السَّرَائِرُ وَالضَّمَائِرُ ، وَإِنْ دَقَّتْ وَخَفِيَتْ ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ سَيُحَاسِبُ عِبَادَهُ عَلَى مَا فَعَلُوهُ وَمَا أَخْفَوْهُ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ كَمَا قَالَ : ( قُلْ إِنْ تُخْفُوا مَا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ أَوْ تُبْدُوهُ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 29 ] ، وَقَالَ : ( يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى ) [ طَهَ : 7 ] ، وَالْآيَاتُ فِي ذَلِكَ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ فِي هَذِهِ بِمَزِيدٍ عَلَى الْعِلْمِ ، وَهُوَ : الْمُحَاسَبَةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ اشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الصَّحَابَةِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ، وَخَافُوا مِنْهَا ، وَمِنْ مُحَاسَبَةِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَلَى جَلِيلِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَحَقِيرِهَا ، وَهَذَا مِنْ شِدَّةِ إِيمَانِهِمْ وَإِيقَانِهِمْ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ</b><b>[ ص: 729 ] يَعْنِي الْعَلَاءَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ) اشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ جَثَوْا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ ، وَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، كُلِّفْنَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ مَا نُطِيقُ : الصَّلَاةُ وَالصِّيَامُ وَالْجِهَادُ وَالصَّدَقَةُ ، وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَلَا نُطِيقُهَا . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا كَمَا قَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ : سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا ؟ بَلْ قُولُوا : سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ، غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ " . فَلَمَّا أَقَرَّ بِهَا الْقَوْمُ وَذَلَّتْ بِهَا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ ، أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي أَثَرِهَا : ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ) فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ فَأَنْزَلَ : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبْتُ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبْتُ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ) إِلَى آخِرِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مُنْفَرِدًا بِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَلَفْظُهُ : " فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا [ ذَلِكَ ] نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ) قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا ) قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ ) قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، ( وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ) قَالَ : نَعَمْ . </b><br /><br /><b>حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي ذَلِكَ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) قَالَ : دَخَلَ قُلُوبَهُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ قُلُوبَهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قُولُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَسَلَّمْنَا " . فَأَلْقَى اللَّهُ الْإِيمَانَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ . ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ) </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَأَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ ، بِهِ وَزَادَ : ( رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ) قَالَ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا ) قَالَ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ، ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ ) قَالَ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ( وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا [ فَانْصُرْنَا ] ) قَالَ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ . </b><br /><br /><b> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَالَ : دَخَلْتُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ ، كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَقَرَأَ</b><b>[ ص: 730 ] هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَبَكَى . قَالَ : أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ ؟ قُلْتُ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ حِينَ أُنْزِلَتْ غَمَّتْ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَمًّا شَدِيدًا ، وَغَاظَتْهُمْ غَيْظًا شَدِيدًا ، يَعْنِي ، وَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَلَكْنَا ، إِنْ كُنَّا نُؤَاخَذُ بِمَا تَكَلَّمْنَا وَبِمَا نَعْمَلُ ، فَأَمَّا قُلُوبُنَا فَلَيْسَتْ بِأَيْدِينَا ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قُولُوا : سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا " . قَالُوا : سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا . قَالَ : فَنَسَخَتْهَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ ) إِلَى ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ ) فَتَجَوَّزَ لَهُمْ عَنْ حَدِيثِ النَّفْسِ وَأُخِذُوا بِالْأَعْمَالِ . </b><br /><br /><b> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَرْجَانَةَ ، سَمِعَهُ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ) الْآيَةَ . فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ وَاخَذَنَا اللَّهُ بِهَذَا لَنَهْلَكَنَّ ، ثُمَّ بَكَى ابْنُ عُمَرَ حَتَّى سُمِعَ نَشِيجُهُ . قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْجَانَةَ : فَقُمْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَمَا فَعَلَ حِينَ تَلَاهَا ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ . لَعَمْرِي لَقَدْ وَجَدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهَا حِينَ أُنْزِلَتْ مِثْلَ مَا وَجَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَهَا : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ) إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْوَسْوَسَةُ مِمَّا لَا طَاقَةَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِهَا ، وَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى أَنْ قَضَى اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، أَنَّ لِلنَّفْسِ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ فِي الْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ . </b><br /><br /><b> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ : أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَرَأَ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ ، فَبَلَغَ صَنِيعُهُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، لَقَدْ صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ أُنْزِلَتْ ، فَنَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ) . </b><br /><br /><b> فَهَذِهِ طُرُقٌ صَحِيحَةٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ كَمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ الْأَصْفَرِ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحْسَبُهُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ ) قَالَ : نَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ : أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِالَّتِي بَعْدَهَا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ فِي كُتُبِهِمُ السِّتَّةِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي مَا حَدَّثَتْ بِهِ أَنْفُسَهَا ، مَا لَمْ تَكَلَّمْ أَوْ [ ص: 731 ] تَعْمَلْ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : إِذَا هَمَّ عَبْدِي بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَلَا تَكْتُبُوهَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا فَاكْتُبُوهَا سَيِّئَةً ، وَإِذَا هَمَّ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا فَاكْتُبُوهَا حَسَنَةً ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا فَاكْتُبُوهَا عَشْرًا " . لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ فِي أَفْرَادِهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : إِذَا هَمَّ عَبْدِي بِحَسَنَةٍ وَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كَتَبَتُهَا لَهُ حَسَنَةً ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كَتَبْتُهَا عَشْرَ حَسَنَاتٍ إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، وَإِذَا هَمَّ بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ أَكْتُبْهَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كَتَبْتُهَا سَيِّئَةً وَاحِدَةً " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ : هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : إِذَا تَحَدَّثَ عَبْدِي بِأَنْ يَعْمَلَ حَسَنَةً ، فَأَنَا أَكْتُبُهَا لَهُ حَسَنَةً مَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ ، فَإِذَا عَمِلَهَا فَأَنَا أَكْتُبُهَا بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا ، وَإِذَا تَحَدَّثَ بِأَنْ يَعْمَلَ سَيِّئَةً فَأَنَا أَغْفِرُهَا لَهُ ، مَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا فَأَنَا أَكْتُبُهَا لَهُ بِمِثْلِهَا " . وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ : رَبِّ ، وَإِنَّ عَبْدَكَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ سَيِّئَةً وَهُوَ أَبْصَرُ بِهِ فَقَالَ : ارْقُبُوهُ ، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا فَاكْتُبُوهَا لَهُ بِمِثْلِهَا ، وَإِنْ تَرْكَهَا فَاكْتُبُوهَا لَهُ حَسَنَةً ، وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكَهَا مِنْ جَرَّايَ " . وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِذَا أَحْسَنَ أَحَدٌ إِسْلَامَهُ ، فَكُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ يَعْمَلُهَا تُكْتَبُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، وَكُلُّ سَيِّئَةٍ تُكْتَبُ بِمِثْلِهَا حَتَّى يَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ </b><br /><br /><b> تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهَذَا السِّيَاقِ وَاللَّفْظِ وَبَعْضُهُ فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ هَمَّ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَةً ، وَمَنْ هَمَّ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَعَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ [ عَشْرًا ] إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، وَمَنْ هَمَّ بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ تُكْتَبْ ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ " . تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْكُتُبِ . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وَقَالَ مُسْلِمٌ ] حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، عَنِ الْجَعْدِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا يَرْوِي عَنْ رَبِّهِ تَعَالَى قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ ، فَمَنْ هَمَّ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كَتَبَهَا اللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ حَسَنَةً كَامِلَةً ، وَإِنْ هَمَّ بِهَا فَعَمِلَهَا كَتَبَهَا اللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ عَشْرَ حَسَنَاتٍ إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، إِلَى أَضْعَافٍ كَثِيرَةٍ . وَإِنْ هَمَّ بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَلَمْ </b><br /><br /><b> [ ص: 732 ] يَعْمَلْهَا كَتَبَهَا اللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ حَسَنَةً كَامِلَةً ، وَإِنْ هَمَّ بِهَا فَعَمِلَهَا كَتَبَهَا اللَّهُ سَيِّئَةً وَاحِدَةً " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنِ الْجَعْدِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ وَزَادَ : " وَمَحَاهَا اللَّهُ ، وَلَا يَهْلَكُ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا هَالِكٌ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَفِي حَدِيثِ سُهَيْلٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : جَاءَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلُوهُ : إِنَّا نَجِدُ فِي أَنْفُسِنَا مَا يَتَعَاظَمُ أَحَدُنَا أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ . قَالَ : " وَقَدْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ ؟ " قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : " ذَاكَ صَرِيحُ الْإِيمَانِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ أَيْضًا مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، بِهِ . وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ [ أَيْضًا ] مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُغِيرَةَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْوَسْوَسَةِ ، قَالَ : " تِلْكَ صَرِيحُ الْإِيمَانِ " . وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) فَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تُنْسَخْ ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا جَمَعَ الْخَلَائِقَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَقُولُ : إِنِّي أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ ، مِمَّا لَمْ يَطَّلِعْ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتِي ، فَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ وَيَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ مَا حَدَّثُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) يَقُولُ : يُخْبِرُكُمْ ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الشَّكِّ وَالرَّيْبِ فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ بِمَا أَخْفَوْا مِنَ التَّكْذِيبِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ) وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 225 ] أَيْ : مِنَ الشَّكِّ وَالنِّفَاقِ . وَقَدْ رَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ عَنْهُ قَرِيبًا مِنْ هَذَا . </b><br /><br /><b> وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، نَحْوَهُ . وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : هِيَ مُحْكَمَةٌ لَمْ تُنْسَخْ . وَاخْتَارَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ذَلِكَ ، وَاحْتَجَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَلْزَمُ مِنَ الْمُحَاسِبَةِ الْمُعَاقِبَةَ ، وَأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ يُحَاسِبُ وَيَغْفِرُ ، وَقَدْ يُحَاسِبُ وَيُعَاقِبُ بِالْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ عِنْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، قَائِلًا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ وَهِشَامٍ ، ( ح ) وَحَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ، قَالَا جَمِيعًا فِي حَدِيثِهِمَا : عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ نَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ ، إِذْ عَرَضَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ ، مَا سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِي النَّجْوَى ؟ فَقَالَ : سَمِعْتُ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " يَدْنُو الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، حَتَّى يَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ كَنَفَهُ ، فَيُقَرِّرُهُ بِذُنُوبِهِ فَيَقُولُ : هَلْ تَعْرِفُ كَذَا ؟ فَيَقُولُ : رَبِّ أَعْرِفُ مَرَّتَيْنِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ قَالَ : فَإِنِّي قَدْ سَتَرْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَنَا أَغْفِرُهَا لَكَ الْيَوْمَ " . قَالَ : " فَيُعْطَى صَحِيفَةُ حَسَنَاتِهِ أَوْ كِتَابُهُ بِيَمِينِهِ ، وَأَمَّا الْكُفَّارُ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ فَيُنَادَى بِهِمْ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْأَشْهَادِ : ( هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ) [ هُودٍ : 18 ]</b><b>[ ص: 733 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، بِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَتْ : سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) فَقَالَتْ : مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهَا أَحَدٌ مُنْذُ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ : " هَذِهِ مُبَايَعَةُ اللَّهِ الْعَبْدَ ، وَمَا يُصِيبُهُ مِنَ الْحُمَّى ، وَالنَّكْبَةِ ، وَالْبِضَاعَةُ يَضَعُهَا فِي يَدِ كُمِّهِ ، فَيَفْتَقِدُهَا فَيَفْزَعُ لَهَا ، ثُمَّ يَجِدُهَا فِي ضِبْنِهِ ، حَتَّى إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لِيَخْرُجُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَمَا يَخْرُجُ التِّبْرُ الْأَحْمَرُ [ مِنَ الْكِيرِ ] " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> قُلْتُ : وَشَيْخُهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ ضَعِيفٌ ، يَغْرُبُ فِي رِوَايَاتِهِ وَهُوَ يَرْوِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ : أُمِّ مُحَمَّدٍ أُمَيَّةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا عَنْهَا فِي الْكُتُبِ سِوَاهُ . </b><span style="color: red;"><br /><b>184</b></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-EG" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b style="font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red;">( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ( 285 ) لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ( 286 ) </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b>ذِكْرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِي فَضْلِ هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ الْكَرِيمَتَيْنِ نَفَعَنَا اللَّهُ بِهِمَا </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<b> الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ : قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ قَرَأَ بِالْآيَتَيْنِ " ، وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ قَرَأَ بِالْآيَتَيْنِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ كَفَتَاهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ بَقِيَّةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ ، مِثْلِهِ . وَهُوَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْهُ ، بِهِ . وَهُوَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ أَبَا [ ص: 734 ] مَسْعُودٍ ، فَحَدَّثَنِي بِهِ </b><br /><b> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَنْ قَرَأَ الْآيَتَيْنِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي لَيْلَتِهِ كَفَتَاهُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ ، عَنْ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أُعْطِيتُ خَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنْ كَنْزٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ ، لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ نَبِيٌّ قَبْلِي " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أُعْطِيتُ خَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنْ كَنْزٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ : قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ ( ح ) وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ وَأَلْفَاظُهُمْ مُتَقَارِبَةٌ قَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْتُهِيَ بِهِ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى ، وَهِيَ فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّادِسَةِ إِلَيْهَا يَنْتَهِي مَا يُعْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَيُقْبَضُ مِنْهَا ، وَإِلَيْهَا يَنْتَهِي مَا يُهْبَطُ بِهِ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا فَيُقْبَضُ مِنْهَا ، قَالَ : ( إِذْ يَغْشَى السِّدْرَةَ مَا يَغْشَى ) [ النَّجْمِ : 16 ] ، قَالَ : فِرَاشٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ . قَالَ : وَأُعْطِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثًا : أُعْطِيَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ ، وَأُعْطِيَ خَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ، وَغُفِرَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ شَيْئًا الْمُقْحَمَاتُ . </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ : قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّازِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ مَرْثَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَزْنِيِّ ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ : قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اقْرَأِ الْآيَتَيْنِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فَإِنِّي أُعْطِيتُهُمَا مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ " . هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجُوهُ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ . </b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;"> الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ </span>: قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَرْبِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ رَبْعِيٍّ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فُضِّلْنَا عَلَى النَّاسِ بِثَلَاثٍ ، أُوتِيْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتِ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنْ بَيْتِ كَنْزٍ تَحْتَ [ ص: 735 ] الْعَرْشِ ، لَمْ يُعْطَهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي ، وَلَا يُعْطَاهَا أَحَدٌ بَعْدِي " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ، بِنَحْوِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b><span style="color: red;"> الْحَدِيثُ السَّادِسُ</span> : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، أَنْبَأَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : لَا أَرَى أَحَدًا عَقِلَ الْإِسْلَامَ يَنَامُ حَتَّى يَقْرَأَ خَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ، فَإِنَّهَا كَنْزٌ أُعْطِيَهُ نَبِيُّكُمْ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَرَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْخَارِفِيِّ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : مَا أَرَى أَحَدًا يَعْقِلُ ، بَلَغَهُ الْإِسْلَامُ ، يَنَامُ حَتَّى يَقْرَأَ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَخَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ كَنْزٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ . </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ السَّابِعُ : قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْجَرْمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ كِتَابًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ ، أَنْزَلَ مِنْهُ آيَتَيْنِ خَتَمَ بِهِمَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ ، وَلَا يُقْرَأْنَ فِي دَارٍ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ فَيَقْرَبُهَا شَيْطَانٌ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بِهِ ، وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ الثَّامِنُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَدْيَنَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنِي يُوسُفُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا قَرَأَ آخِرَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَآيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ ضَحِكَ ، وَقَالَ : " إِنَّهُمَا مِنْ كَنْزِ الرَّحْمَنِ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ " . وَإِذَا قَرَأَ : ( مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 123 ] ، ( وَأَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَاءَ الْأَوْفَى )<span style="font-size: large;">[ النَّجْمِ : 3941 ] </span>، اسْتَرْجَعَ وَاسْتَكَانَ . </b><br /><br /><b>الْحَدِيثُ التَّاسِعُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كُوفِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَلِيحٍ ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أُعْطِيتُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ ، وَخَوَاتِيمَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ ، وَالْمُفَصَّلَ نَافِلَةً " </b><b>[ ص: 736 ] </b><br /><br /><b> الْحَدِيثُ الْعَاشِرُ : قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي فَضَائِلِ الْفَاتِحَةِ ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعِنْدَهُ جِبْرِيلُ ; إِذْ سَمِعَ نَقِيضًا فَوْقَهُ ، فَرَفَعَ جِبْرِيلُ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ ، فَقَالَ : هَذَا بَابٌ قَدْ فُتِحَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَا فُتِحَ قَطُّ . قَالَ : فَنَزَلَ مِنْهُ مَلَكٌ ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : أَبْشِرْ بِنُورَيْنِ قَدْ أُوتِيتُهُمَا ، لَمْ يُؤْتِهُمَا نَبِيٌّ قَبْلَكَ : فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ ، وَخَوَاتِيمُ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ، لَنْ تَقْرَأَ حَرْفًا مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا أُوتِيتُهُ ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ . </b><br /><br /><b> [ الْحَدِيثُ الْحَادِي عَشَرَ : قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّارِمِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ ، حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيْفَعُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُلَاعِيُّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ ؟ قَالَ : " آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ : ( اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ) قَالَ : فَأَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُصِيبَكَ وَأُمَّتَكَ ؟ قَالَ : " آخِرُ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ خَيْرًا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ " ] . </b><br /><br /><b> فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ) إِخْبَارٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَلِكَ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا بِشَرٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، قَالَ : ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : " وَيَحِقُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ الْقُرَشِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَقِيلٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ) قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " حُقَّ لَهُ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ) عَطْفٌ عَلَى ) الرَّسُولُ ) ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ عَنِ الْجَمِيعِ فَقَالَ : ( كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ ) فَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ وَاحِدٌ أَحَدٌ ، فَرْدٌ صَمَدٌ ، لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ ، وَلَا رَبَّ سِوَاهُ . وَيُصَدِّقُونَ بِجَمِيعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالرُّسُلِ وَالْكُتُبِ الْمُنَزَّلَةِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ عَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَالْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، لَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ ، فَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضٍ وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ، بَلِ الْجَمِيعُ عِنْدَهُمْ صَادِقُونَ بَارُّونَ رَاشِدُونَ مَهْدِيُّونَ هَادُونَ إِلَى سُبُلِ الْخَيْرِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَنْسَخُ شَرِيعَةَ بَعْضٍ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ، حَتَّى نُسِخَ الْجَمِيعُ بِشَرْعِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاتَمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ ، الَّذِي تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ عَلَى شَرِيعَتِهِ ، وَلَا تَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ عَلَى الْحَقِّ ظَاهِرِينَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ) أَيْ : سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَكَ يَا رَبَّنَا ، وَفَهِمْنَاهُ ، وَقُمْنَا بِهِ ، وَامْتَثَلْنَا الْعَمَلَ بِمُقْتَضَاهُ ، ( غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا ) سُؤَالٌ لِلْغَفْرِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ وَاللُّطْفِ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ</b><b>[ ص: 737 ] عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا ) قَالَ : قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ ، ( وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ) أَيْ : إِلَيْكَ الْمَرْجِعُ وَالْمَآبُ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ . </b><br /><br /><b> قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ بَيَانٍ ، عَنْ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ( آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ) قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحْسَنَ الثَّنَاءَ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أُمَّتِكَ ، فَسَلْ تُعْطَهْ . فَسَأَلَ : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ . </b><br /><br /><b>وَقَوْلُهُ : ( لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ) أَيْ : لَا يُكَلِّفُ أَحَدًا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ ، وَهَذَا مِنْ لُطْفِهِ تَعَالَى بِخَلْقِهِ وَرَأْفَتِهِ بِهِمْ وَإِحْسَانِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ ، وَهَذِهِ هِيَ النَّاسِخَةُ الرَّافِعَةُ لِمَا كَانَ أَشْفَقَ مِنْهُ الصَّحَابَةُ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ) أَيْ : هُوَ وَإِنْ حَاسَبَ وَسَأَلَ لَكِنْ لَا يُعَذِّبُ إِلَّا بِمَا يَمْلِكُ الشَّخْصُ دَفْعَهُ ، فَأَمَّا مَا لَا يُمْكِنُ دَفْعُهُ مِنْ وَسْوَسَةِ النَّفْسِ وَحَدِيثِهَا ، فَهَذَا لَا يُكَلِّفُ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانَ ، وَكَرَاهِيَةُ الْوَسْوَسَةِ السَّيِّئَةِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ ) أَيْ : مِنْ خَيْرٍ ، ( وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ ) أَيْ : مِنْ شَرٍّ ، وَذَلِكَ فِي الْأَعْمَالِ الَّتِي تَدْخُلُ تَحْتَ التَّكْلِيفِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى مُرْشِدًا عِبَادَهُ إِلَى سُؤَالِهِ ، وَقَدْ تَكَفَّلَ لَهُمْ بِالْإِجَابَةِ ، كَمَا أَرْشَدَهُمْ وَعَلَّمَهُمْ أَنْ يَقُولُوا : ( رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ [ نَسِينَا ] ) أَيْ : إِنْ تَرَكْنَا فَرْضًا عَلَى جِهَةِ النِّسْيَانِ ، أَوْ فَعَلْنَا حَرَامًا كَذَلِكَ ، ( أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا ) أَيِ : الصَّوَابَ فِي الْعَمَلِ ، جَهْلًا مِنَّا بِوَجْهِهِ الشَّرْعِيِّ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : نَعَمْ " وَلِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ اللَّهُ : " قَدْ فَعَلْتُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ فِي سُنَنِهِ ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ : عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . وَقَالَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ : عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ ، وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ " . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ طُرُقٍ أُخَرَ وَأَعَلَّهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ ، عَنْ شَهْرٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِأُمَّتِي عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ : عَنِ الْخَطَأِ ، وَالنِّسْيَانِ ، وَالِاسْتِكْرَاهِ " قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلْحَسَنِ ، فَقَالَ : أَجَلْ ، أَمَا تَقْرَأُ بِذَلِكَ قُرْآنًا : ( رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا )</b><b>[ ص: 738 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا ) أَيْ : لَا تُكَلِّفُنَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ الشَّاقَّةِ وَإِنْ أَطَقْنَاهَا ، كَمَا شَرَعْتَهُ لِلْأُمَمِ الْمَاضِيَةِ قَبْلَنَا مِنَ الْأَغْلَالِ وَالْآصَارِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ، الَّتِي بَعَثْتَ نَبِيَّكَ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيَّ الرَّحْمَةِ بِوَضْعِهِ فِي شَرْعِهِ الَّذِي أَرْسَلْتَهُ بِهِ ، مِنَ الدِّينِ الْحَنِيفِ السَّهْلِ السَّمْحِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : نَعَمْ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ " . وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " بُعِثْتُ بِالْحَنِيفِيَّةِ السَّمْحَةِ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ ) أَيْ : مِنَ التَّكْلِيفِ وَالْمَصَائِبِ وَالْبَلَاءِ ، لَا تَبْتَلِينَا بِمَا لَا قِبَلَ لَنَا بِهِ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَدْ قَالَ مَكْحُولٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ ) قَالَ : الْغُرْبَةُ وَالْغُلْمَةُ ، رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، " قَالَ اللَّهُ : نَعَمْ " وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاعْفُ عَنَّا ) أَيْ : فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ مِمَّا تَعْلَمُهُ مِنْ تَقْصِيرِنَا وَزَلَلِنَا ، ( وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ) أَيْ : فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ ، فَلَا تُظْهِرُهُمْ عَلَى مُسَاوِينَا وَأَعْمَالِنَا الْقَبِيحَةِ ، ( وَارْحَمْنَا ) أَيْ : فِيمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ ، فَلَا تُوقِعُنَا بِتَوْفِيقِكَ فِي ذَنْبٍ آخَرَ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالُوا : إِنَّ الْمُذْنِبَ مُحْتَاجٌ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْيَاءَ : أَنْ يَعْفُوَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ ، وَأَنْ يَسْتُرَهُ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ فَلَا يَفْضَحُهُ بِهِ بَيْنَهُمْ ، وَأَنْ يَعْصِمَهُ فَلَا يُوقِعُهُ فِي نَظِيرِهِ . وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( أَنْتَ مَوْلَانَا ) أَيْ : أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنَا وَنَاصِرُنَا ، وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُسْتَعَانُ ، وَعَلَيْكَ التُّكْلَانُ ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ لَنَا إِلَّا بِكَ ( فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ) أَيِ : الَّذِينَ جَحَدُوا دِينَكَ ، وَأَنْكَرُوا وَحْدَانِيَّتَكَ ، وَرِسَالَةَ نَبِيِّكَ ، وَعَبَدُوا غَيْرَكَ ، وَأَشْرَكُوا مَعَكَ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ ، فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا الْعَاقِبَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، قَالَ اللَّهُ : نَعَمْ . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ : قَدْ فَعَلْتُ " . </b><br /><br /><b> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، أَنَّ مُعَاذًا ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، كَانَ إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ ( فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ ) قَالَ : آمِينَ . </b><br /><br /><b> وَرَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا خَتَمَ الْبَقَرَةَ قَالَ : آمِينَ .</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>--------------</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>آخر آيات تفسيرا لسورة البقرة والحمد لله رب العالمين</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>-------------------------</b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-66876673987431662672017-02-10T07:46:00.001-08:002017-02-10T08:33:54.601-08:0022 من ص 172حتي ص 179<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>172<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مَنًّا وَلَا أَذًى لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ( 262 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيمٌ </a> ( 263 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى كَالَّذِي يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ </a> ( 264 )<br /><br /> يَمْدَحُ تَعَالَى الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَالصَّدَقَاتِ مَنًّا عَلَى مَنْ أَعْطَوْهُ ، فَلَا يَمُنُّونَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ ، وَلَا يَمُنُّونَ بِهِ لَا بِقَوْلٍ وَلَا فِعْلٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">وَلَا أَذًى </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَفْعَلُونَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْسَنُوا إِلَيْهِ مَكْرُوهًا يُحْبِطُونَ بِهِ مَا سَلَفَ مِنَ الْإِحْسَانِ . ثُمَّ وَعَدَهُمْ تَعَالَى الْجَزَاءَ الْجَزِيلَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : ثَوَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، لَا عَلَى أَحَدٍ سِوَاهُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُونَهُ مِنْ أَهْوَالِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ) أَيْ:[عَلَى] مَا خَلَّفُوهُ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ وَمَا فَاتَهُمْ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَزَهْرَتِهَا لَا يَأْسَفُونَ عَلَيْهَا ; لِأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ صَارُوا إِلَى مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ </a> ) أَيْ : مِنْ كَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ وَدُعَاءٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">وَمَغْفِرَةٌ </a> ) أَيْ : غَفَرَ عَنْ ظُلْمٍ قَوْلِيٍّ أَوْ فِعْلِيٍّ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى </a> ) <br /><br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُفَيْلٍ قَالَ : قَرَأْتُ عَلَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17119"> مَعْقِلِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ </a>، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16666"> عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ </a>قَالَ : بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ قَوْلٍ مَعْرُوفٍ ، أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى </a> ) " ) وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ ) [ أَيْ ] : عَنْ خَلْقِهِ . <br /><br /> ( حَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : يَحْلُمُ وَيَغْفِرُ وَيَصْفَحُ وَيَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ بِالنَّهْيِ عَنْ الْمَنِّ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ ، عَنْ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ الْحَرِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu"> " ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ ، وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ ، وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ : الْمَنَّانُ بِمَا أَعْطَى ، وَالْمُسْبِلُ إِزَارَهُ ، وَالْمُنَفِّقُ سِلْعَتَهُ بِالْحَلِفِ الْكَاذِبِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمُ بْنُ خَارِجَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=4"> أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu"> " لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ عَاقٌّ ، وَلَا مَنَّانٌ ، وَلَا مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ ، وَلَا مُكَذِّبٌ بِقَدَرٍ "</a><span style="font-size: small;">[ ص: 694 ] </span><br /> وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ نَحْوَهُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَى ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> وَالْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيِّ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15959"> سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu"> " ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ : الْعَاقُّ لِوَالِدَيْهِ ، وَمُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ ، وَالْمَنَّانُ بِمَا أَعْطَى " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ ، </a>عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ، عَنْ عَتَّابِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu"> " لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ ، وَلَا عَاقٌّ لِوَالِدَيْهِ ، وَلَا مَنَّانٌ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْمِنْهَالِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16992"> مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ الْمَوْصِلِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ عَتَّابٍ ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16395"> عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَوْلُهُ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>نَحْوَهُ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى </a> ) فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ تَبْطُلُ بِمَا يَتْبَعُهَا مِنَ الْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى ، فَمَا يَفِي ثَوَابَ الصَّدَقَةَ بِخَطِيئَةِ الْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">كَالَّذِي يُنْفِقُ مَالَهُ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا تُبْطِلُوا صَدَقَاتِكُمْ بِالْمَنِّ وَالْأَذَى ، كَمَا تَبْطُلُ صَدَقَةُ مَنْ رَاءَى بِهَا النَّاسَ ، فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَا قَصْدُهُ مَدْحُ النَّاسِ لَهُ أَوْ شُهْرَتُهُ بِالصِّفَاتِ الْجَمِيلَةِ ، لِيُشْكَرَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، أَوْ يُقَالَ : إِنَّهُ كَرِيمٌ وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَقَاصِدِ الدُّنْيَوِيَّةِ ، مَعَ قَطْعِ نَظَرِهِ عَنْ مُعَامَلَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَابْتِغَاءِ مَرْضَاتِهِ وَجَزِيلِ ثَوَابِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ </a> ) <br /><br /> ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ تَعَالَى مَثَلَ ذَلِكَ الْمُرَائِي بِإِنْفَاقِهِ قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : وَالَّذِي يُتْبِعُ نَفَقَتَهُ مَنًّا أَوْ أَذًى فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">فَمَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ صَفْوَانٍ </a> ) وَهُوَ جَمْعُ صَفْوَانَةٍ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ : الصَّفْوَانُ يُسْتَعْمَلُ مُفْرَدًا أَيْضًا ، وَهُوَ الصَّفَا ، وَهُوَ الصَّخْرُ الْأَمْلَسُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">عَلَيْهِ تُرَابٌ فَأَصَابَهُ وَابِلٌ </a> ) وَهُوَ الْمَطَرُ الشَّدِيدُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">فَتَرَكَهُ صَلْدًا </a> ) أَيْ : فَتَرَكَ الْوَابِلُ ذَلِكَ الصَّفْوَانَ صَلْدًا ، أَيْ : أَمْلَسَ يَابِسًا ، أَيْ : لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ التُّرَابِ ، بَلْ قَدْ ذَهَبَ كُلُّهُ ، أَيْ : وَكَذَلِكَ أَعْمَالُ الْمُرَائِينَ تَذْهَبُ وَتَضْمَحِلُّ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ ظَهَرَ لَهُمْ أَعْمَالٌ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّاسُ كَالتُّرَابِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=171#docu">لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ </a> ) . <br /><br /> 173<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ وَتَثْبِيتًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍ بِرَبْوَةٍ أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٌ فَآتَتْ أُكُلَهَا ضِعْفَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ( 265 )[ ص: 695 ] <br /><br /> وَهَذَا مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُنْفِقِينَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">أَمْوَالَهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ </a> ) عَنْهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">وَتَثْبِيتًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : وَهُمْ مُتَحَقِّقُونَ مُثَبَّتُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَجْزِيهِمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَوْفَرَ الْجَزَاءِ ، وَنَظِيرُ هَذَا فِي الْمَعْنَى ، قَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّفِقِ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا </a> . . . " أَيْ : يُؤْمِنُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَرَعَهُ ، وَيَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ثَوَابَهُ . <br /><br /> قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">وَتَثْبِيتًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : تَصْدِيقًا وَيَقِينًا . وَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12045"> وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ </a>، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ . وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَالْحَسَنُ : أَيْ : يَتَثَبَّتُونَ أَيْنَ يَضَعُونَ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">كَمَثَلِ جَنَّةٍ بِرَبْوَةٍ </a> ) أَيْ : كَمَثَلِ بُسْتَانٍ بِرَبْوَةٍ . وَهُوَ عِنْدُ الْجُمْهُورِ : الْمَكَانُ الْمُرْتَفِعُ الْمُسْتَوِي مِنَ الْأَرْضِ . وَزَادَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالضَّحَّاكُ : وَتَجْرِي فِيهِ الْأَنْهَارُ . <br /><br /> قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : وَفِي الرَّبْوَةِ ثَلَاثُ لُغَاتٍ هُنَّ ثَلَاثُ قِرَاءَاتٍ : بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ ، وَبِهَا قَرَأَ عَامَّةُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالْحِجَازِ وَالْعِرَاقِ . وَفَتْحِهَا ، وَهِيَ قِرَاءَةُ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَالْكُوفَةِ ، وَيُقَالُ : إِنَّهَا لُغَةُ تَمِيمٍ . وَكَسْرِ الرَّاءِ ، وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّهَا قِرَاءَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">أَصَابَهَا وَابِلٌ </a> ) وَهُوَ الْمَطَرُ الشَّدِيدُ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">فَآتَتْ أُكُلَهَا </a> ) أَيْ : ثَمَرَتَهَا ) ضِعْفَيْنِ ) أَيْ : بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْجِنَانِ . ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">فَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ </a> ) قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : هُوَ الرَّذَاذُ ، وَهُوَ اللَّيِّنُ مِنَ الْمَطَرِ . أَيْ : هَذِهِ الْجَنَّةُ بِهَذِهِ الرَّبْوَةِ لَا تَمْحُلُ أَبَدًا ; لِأَنَّهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَصُبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ ، وَأَيًّا مَا كَانَ فَهُوَ كِفَايَتُهَا ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَمَلُ الْمُؤْمِنُ لَا يَبُورُ أَبَدًا ، بَلْ يَتَقَبَّلُهُ اللَّهُ وَيُكَثِّرُهُ وَيُنَمِّيهِ ، كُلُّ عَامِلٍ بِحَسْبِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=172#docu">وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ عِبَادِهِ شَيْءٌ . <br /><br /> 174<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَأَصَابَهُ الْكِبَرُ وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَاءُ فَأَصَابَهَا إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَاحْتَرَقْتُ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ </a> ( 266 ) ) <br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>عِنْدَ تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17248"> هِشَامٌ هُوَ ابْنُ يُوسُفَ </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ </a> : سَمِعْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12531"> عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ ، </a>يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَسَمِعْتُ أَخَاهُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16531"> عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ </a>يَوْمًا لِأَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فِيمَنْ تَرَوْنَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ </a> ) ؟ قَالُوا : اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ : قُولُوا : نَعْلَمُ أَوْ لَا نَعْلَمُ . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : فِي نَفْسِي مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : يَا ابْنَ أَخِي ، قُلْ وَلَا تُحَقِّرْ نَفْسَكَ . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ضُرِبَتْ مَثَلًا لِعَمَلٍ . قَالَ عُمَرُ : أَيُّ عَمَلٍ ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لِعَمَلٍ . قَالَ عُمَرُ : لِرَجُلٍ غَنِيٍّ يَعْمَلُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ . ثُمَّ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الشَّيْطَانَ فَعَمِلَ بِالْمَعَاصِي [ ص: 696 ] حَتَّى أَغْرَقَ أَعْمَالَهُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ ، </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14418"> الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15697"> حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَعْوَرِ ، </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، </a>فَذَكَرَهُ . وَهُوَ مِنْ أَفْرَادِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيِّ ، </a>رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . <br /><br /> وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ كِفَايَةٌ فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَتَبْيِينِ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَثَلِ بِعَمَلِ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ الْعَمَلَ أَوَّلًا ثُمَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ انْعَكَسَ سَيْرُهُ ، فَبَدَّلَ الْحَسَنَاتِ بِالسَّيِّئَاتِ ، عِيَاذًا بِالْلَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَبْطَلَ بِعَمَلِهِ الثَّانِي مَا أَسْلَفَهُ فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الصَالِحٍ وَاحْتَاجَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ فِي أَضْيَقِ الْأَحْوَالِ ، فَلَمْ يَحْصُلْ لَهُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ ، وَخَانَهُ أَحْوَجَ مَا كَانَ إِلَيْهِ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">وَلَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ ضُعَفَاءُ فَأَصَابَهَا إِعْصَارٌ </a> ) وَهُوَ الرِّيحُ الشَّدِيدُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">فِيهِ نَارٌ فَاحْتَرَقَتْ </a> ) أَيْ : أَحْرَقَ ثِمَارَهَا وَأَبَادَ أَشْجَارَهَا ، فَأَيُّ حَالٍ يَكُونُ حَالُهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعَوْفِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَثَلًا حَسَنًا ، وَكُلُّ أَمْثَالِهِ حَسَنٌ ، قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ لَهُ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ </a> ) يَقُولُ : ضَيَّعَهُ فِي شَيْبَتِهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">وَأَصَابَهُ الْكِبَرُ </a> ) وَوَلَدُهُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ ضِعَافٌ عِنْدَ آخَرِ عُمُرِهِ ، فَجَاءَهُ إِعْصَارٌ فِيهِ نَارٌ فَأَحْرَقَ بُسْتَانَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ قُوَّةً أَنْ يَغْرِسَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ نَسْلِهِ خَيْرٌ يَعُودُونَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْكَافِرُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِذْ رُدَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لَيْسَ لَهُ خَيْرٌ فَيُسْتَعْتَبُ ، كَمَا لَيْسَ لِهَذَا قُوَّةٌ فَيَغْرِسُ مِثْلَ بُسْتَانِهِ ، وَلَا يَجِدُهُ قَدَّمَ لِنَفْسِهِ خَيْرًا يَعُودُ عَلَيْهِ ، كَمَا لَمْ يُغْنِ عَنْ هَذَا وَلَدُهُ ، وَحُرِمَ أَجْرَهُ عِنْدَ أَفْقَرِ مَا كَانَ إِلَيْهِ ، كَمَا حُرِمَ هَذَا جِنَّةَ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ أَفْقَرِ مَا كَانَ إِلَيْهَا عِنْدَ كِبَرِهِ وَضَعْفِ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا ، رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي دُعَائِهِ : " اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ أَوْسَعَ رِزْقِكَ عَلَيَّ عِنْدَ كِبَرِ سِنِّي وَانْقِضَاءِ عُمُرِي " </a> ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ </a> ) أَيْ : تَعْتَبِرُونَ وَتَفْهَمُونَ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْمَعَانِي ، وَتُنْزِلُونَهَا عَلَى الْمُرَادِ مِنْهَا ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=173#docu">وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ </a> )<span style="font-size: large;"> [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ : 43 ] .</span><br /><br />175</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ </a> ( 267 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 268 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ </a> ( 269 )[ ص: 697 ]يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْإِنْفَاقِ وَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ هَاهُنَا ; قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ الَّتِي اكْتَسَبُوهَا . قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : يَعْنِي التِّجَارَةَ بِتَيْسِيرِهِ إِيَّاهَا لَهُمْ . <br />وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a> : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ </a> ) يَعْنِي : الذَّهَبُ وَالْفِضَّةُ ، وَمِنَ الثِّمَارِ وَالزُّرُوعِ الَّتِي أَنْبَتَهَا لَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ . <br />قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : أَمَرَهُمْ بِالْإِنْفَاقِ مِنْ أَطِيبِ الْمَالِ وَأَجْوَدِهِ وَأَنْفَسِهِ ، وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ التَّصَدُّقِ بِرُذَالَةِ الْمَالِ وَدَنِيِّهِ وَهُوَ خَبِيثُهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ طَيِّبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ إِلَّا طَيِّبًا ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا </a> ) أَيْ : تَقْصِدُوا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ </a> ) أَيْ : لَوْ أُعْطِيتُمُوهُ مَا أَخَذْتُمُوهُ ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَغَاضَوْا فِيهِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مِنْكُمْ ، فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ مَا تَكْرَهُونَ . <br />وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا تَعْدِلُوا عَنِ الْمَالِ الْحَلَالِ ، وَتَقْصِدُوا إِلَى الْحَرَامِ ، فَتَجْعَلُوا نَفَقَتَكُمْ مِنْهُ . <br />وَيُذْكَرُ هَاهُنَا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17058"> مُرَّةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَخْلَاقَكُمْ ، كَمَا قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَرْزَاقَكُمْ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُعْطِي الدُّنْيَا مَنْ يُحِبُّ وَمَنْ لَا يُحِبُّ ، وَلَا يُعْطِي الدِّينَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَحَبَّ ، فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ الدِّينَ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّهُ ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ، لَا يُسْلِمُ عَبْدٌ حَتَّى يُسْلِمَ قَلْبُهُ وَلِسَانُهُ ، وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ حَتَّى يَأْمَنَ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ " . قَالُوا : وَمَا بَوَائِقُهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ؟ . قَالَ : " غَشْمُهُ وَظُلْمُهُ ، وَلَا يَكْسِبُ عَبْدٌ مَالًا مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَيُنْفِقَ مِنْهُ فَيُبَارَكَ لَهُ فِيهِ ، وَلَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ فَيُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ ، وَلَا يَتْرُكُهُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ إِلَّا كَانَ زَادَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَمْحُو السَّيِّئَ بِالسَّيِّئِ ، وَلَكِنْ يَمْحُو السَّيِّئَ بِالْحَسَنِ ، إِنَّ الْخَبِيثَ لَا يَمْحُو الْخَبِيثَ " </a> . <br />وَالصَّحِيحُ الْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ ; قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْعَنْقَزِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ أَسْبَاطٍ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ ، </a>عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=48"> الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ </a>فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ </a> ) الْآيَةَ . قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ ، كَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِذَا كَانَ أَيَّامَ جِذَاذِ النَّخْلِ ، أَخْرَجَتْ مِنْ حِيطَانِهَا أَقْنَاءَ الْبُسْرِ ، فَعَلَّقُوهُ عَلَى حَبْلٍ بَيْنَ الْأُسْطُوَانَتَيْنِ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَيَأْكُلُ فُقَرَاءُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْهُ ، فَيَعْمِدُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى الْحَشَفِ ، فَيُدْخِلُهُ مَعَ أَقْنَاءِ الْبُسْرِ ، يَظُنُّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ </a> ) <br />ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>، وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> وَالْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ ، </a>عَنْ [ ص: 698 ] عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ، بِنَحْوِهِ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a> : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . <br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ </a> ) قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِينَا ، كُنَّا أَصْحَابَ نَخْلٍ ، وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي مِنْ نَخْلِهِ بِقَدْرِ كَثْرَتِهِ وَقِلَّتِهِ ، فَيَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ بِالْقِنْوِ فَيُعَلِّقُهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ ، فَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِذَا جَاعَ جَاءَ فَضَرَبَهُ بِعَصَاهُ ، فَيَسْقُطُ مِنْهُ الْبُسْرُ وَالتَّمْرُ ، فَيَأْكُلُ ، وَكَانَ أُنَاسٌ مِمَّنْ لَا يَرْغَبُونَ فِي الْخَيْرِ يَأْتِي بِالْقِنْوِ فِيهِ الْحَشَفُ وَالشِّيصُ ، وَيَأْتِي بِالْقِنْوِ قَدِ انْكَسَرَ فَيُعَلِّقُهُ ، فَنَزَلَتْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ </a> ) قَالَ : لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ أُهْدِيَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْطَى مَا أَخَذَهُ إِلَّا عَلَى إِغْمَاضٍ وَحَيَاءٍ ، فَكُنَّا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَجِيءُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا بِصَالِحِ مَا عِنْدَهُ . <br />وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14272"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16527"> عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مُوسَى الْعَبْسِيُّ </a>عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ </a>وَهُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ وَاسْمُهُ غَزْوَانُ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=131"> أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ لَوْنَيْنِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ : الْجُعْرُورِ وَلَوْنِ الْحُبَيْقِ . وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَتَيَمَّمُونَ شِرَارَ ثِمَارِهِمْ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُونَهَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَنَزَلَتْ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ </a> ) . <br />وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ [ بِهِ ] . ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَسْنَدَهُ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَلَفْظُهُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْجُعْرُورِ وَلَوْنِ الْحُبَيْقِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَا فِي الصَّدَقَةِ </a> . <br />وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الْجَلِيلِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ الْيَحْصُبِيُّ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ . وَلَمْ يَقُلْ : عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَلِيلِ . <br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ </a> ) قَالَ : كَسْبُ الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَكُونُ خَبِيثًا ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَصَّدَّقُ بِالْحَشَفِ ، وَالدِّرْهَمِ الزَّيْفِ ، وَمَا لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ [ ص: 699 ]وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15741"> حَمَّادٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ </a>عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِضَبٍّ فَلَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ وَلَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهُ . قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، نُطْعِمُهُ الْمَسَاكِينَ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا تُطْعِمُوهُمْ مِمَّا لَا تَأْكُلُونَ " </a> . <br />ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَفَّانَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، بِهِ . فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلَّا أُطْعِمَهُ الْمَسَاكِينَ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا تُطْعِمُوهُمْ مَا لَا تَأْكُلُونَ </a> " . <br />وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ : عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ </a> ) يَقُولُ : لَوْ كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى رَجُلٍ ، فَأَعْطَاهُ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَأْخُذْهُ ; إِلَّا أَنْ يَرَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَقَصَهُ مِنْ حَقِّهِ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . <br />وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ </a> ) يَقُولُ : لَوْ كَانَ لَكُمْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ حَقٌّ ، فَجَاءَكُمْ بِحَقٍّ دُونَ حَقِّكُمْ لَمْ تَأْخُذُوهُ بِحِسَابِ الْجَيِّدِ حَتَّى تَنْقُصُوهُ . قَالَ : فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ </a> ) فَكَيْفَ تَرْضَوْنَ لِي مَا لَا تَرْضَوْنَ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ، وَحَقِّي عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفَسِهِ ! ! <br />رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16935"> وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ </a>، وَزَادَ : وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ </a> ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 92 ] . ثُمَّ رَوَى مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعَوْفِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ ، وَكَذَا ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ . قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ </a> ) أَيْ : وَإِنْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِالصَّدَقَاتِ وَبِالطَّيِّبِ مِنْهَا فَهُوَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْهَا ، وَمَا ذَاكَ إِلَّا لِيُسَاوِيَ الْغَنِيُّ الْفَقِيرَ ، كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">لَنْ يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَاؤُهَا وَلَكِنْ يَنَالُهُ التَّقْوَى مِنْكُمْ </a> ) [ الْحَجِّ : 37 ] وَهُوَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ جَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ ، وَجَمِيعُ خَلْقِهِ فَقُرَاءُ إِلَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ وَاسِعُ الْفَضْلِ لَا يَنْفَدُ مَا لَدَيْهِ ، فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ مِنْ كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ ، فَلْيَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ وَاسِعُ الْعَطَاءِ ، كَرِيمٌ جَوَادٌ ، سَيَجْزِيهِ بِهَا وَيُضَاعِفُهَا لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً مَنْ يُقْرَضُ غَيْرُ عَدِيمٍ وَلَا ظَلُومٍ ، وَهُوَ الْحَمِيدُ ، أَيِ : الْمَحْمُودُ فِي جَمِيعِ أَفْعَالِهِ وَأَقْوَالِهِ وَشَرْعِهِ وَقَدَرِهِ ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، وَلَا رَبَّ سِوَاهُ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17259"> هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17058"> مُرَّةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu"> " إِنْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ لَلَمَّةً بِابْنِ آدَمَ ، وَلِلْمَلَكِ لَمَّةً ، فَأَمَّا لَمَّةُ الشَّيْطَانِ فَإِيعَادٌ بِالشَّرِّ وَتَكْذِيبٌ بِالْحَقِّ ، وَأَمَّا لَمَّةُ الْمَلَكِ فَإِيعَادٌ بِالْخَيْرِ وَتَصْدِيقٌ بِالْحَقِّ . فَمَنْ وَجَدَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ، فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ ، وَمَنْ وَجَدَ الْأُخْرَى فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ </a> " . ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا </a> ) الْآيَةَ . <br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>فِي كِتَابَيِ التَّفْسِيرِ مِنْ سُنَنَيْهِمَا جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17259"> هَنَّادِ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ </a> .[ ص: 700 ]وَأَخْرَجَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> ابْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12201"> أَبِي يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ هَنَّادٍ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ ، وَهُوَ حَدِيثُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11820"> أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ يَعْنِي سَلَّامَ بْنَ سُلَيْمٍ </a>لَا نَعْرِفُهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ . كَذَا قَالَ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رُسْتَهُ ، عَنْ هَارُونَ الْفَرْوِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي ضَمْرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، مَرْفُوعًا نَحْوَهُ . <br />وَلَكِنْ رَوَاهُ مِسْعَرٌ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ . فَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br />وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ </a> ) أَيْ : يُخَوِّفُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ ، لِتُمْسِكُوا مَا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ فَلَا تُنْفِقُوهُ فِي مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ ، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ </a> ) أَيْ : مَعَ نَهْيِهِ إِيَّاكُمْ عَنِ الْإِنْفَاقِ خَشْيَةَ الْإِمْلَاقِ ، يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْمَعَاصِي وَالْمَآثِمِ وَالْمَحَارِمِ وَمُخَالَفَةِ الْخَلَّاقِ ، قَالَ [ اللَّهُ ] تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ </a> ) أَيْ : فِي مُقَابَلَةِ مَا أَمَرَكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ ) وَفَضْلًا ) أَيْ : فِي مُقَابَلَةِ مَا خَوَّفَكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ ) وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ) <br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ </a> ) قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : يَعْنِي الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِالْقُرْآنِ نَاسِخِهِ وَمَنْسُوخِهِ ، وَمُحْكَمِهِ وَمُتَشَابِهِهِ ، وَمُقَدَّمِهِ وَمُؤَخَّرِهِ ، وَحَلَالِهِ وَحَرَامِهِ ، وَأَمْثَالِهِ . <br /><br />وَرَوَى جُوَيْبِرٌ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا : الْحِكْمَةُ : الْقُرْآنُ . يَعْنِي : تَفْسِيرُهُ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : فَإِنَّهُ [ قَدْ ] قَرَأَهُ الْبَرُّ وَالْفَاجِرُ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : يَعْنِي بِالْحِكْمَةِ : الْإِصَابَةُ فِي الْقَوْلِ . <br />وَقَالَ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ </a> ) لَيْسَتْ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ الْعِلْمُ وَالْفِقْهُ وَالْقُرْآنُ . <br />وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : الْحِكْمَةُ خَشْيَةُ اللَّهِ ، فَإِنَّ خَشْيَةَ اللَّهِ رَأْسُ كُلِّ حِكْمَةٍ . <br />وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ بَقِيَّةَ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ زُفَرَ الْجُهَنِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَرْفُوعًا : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">رَأْسُ الْحِكْمَةِ مَخَافَةُ اللَّهِ " </a> . <br />وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ : الْحِكْمَةُ : الْكِتَابُ وَالْفَهْمُ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ </a> : الْحِكْمَةُ : الْفَهْمُ . وَقَالَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ : الْحِكْمَةُ : السُّنَّةُ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ </a> : الْحِكْمَةُ : الْعَقْلُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَإِنَّهُ لَيَقَعُ فِي قَلْبِي أَنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ هُوَ الْفِقْهُ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَمْرٌ يُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُلُوبِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ ، وَمِمَّا يُبَيَّنُ ذَلِكَ ، أَنَّكَ تَجِدُ الرَّجُلَ عَاقِلًا فِي أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا ذَا نَظَرٍ فِيهَا ، وَتَجِدُ آخَرَ ضَعِيفًا فِي أَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ ، عَالِمًا بِأَمْرِ دِينِهِ ، بَصِيرًا بِهِ ، يُؤْتِيهِ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ وَيَحْرِمُهُ هَذَا ، فَالْحِكْمَةُ : الْفِقْهُ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ . <br />وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : الْحِكْمَةُ : النُّبُوَّةُ . [ ص: 701 ]وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ كَمَا قَالَهُ الْجُمْهُورُ لَا تَخْتَصُّ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ ، بَلْ هِيَ أَعَمُّ مِنْهَا ، وَأَعْلَاهَا النُّبُوَّةُ ، وَالرِّسَالَةُ أَخَصُّ ، وَلَكِنْ لِأَتْبَاعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ حَظٌّ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّبَعِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَادِيثِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu"> " مَنْ حَفِظَ الْقُرْآنَ فَقَدْ أُدْرِجَتِ النُّبُوَّةُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ " </a> . رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ </a>فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَقَوْلُهُ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ وَيَزِيدُ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12428"> إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي خَالِدٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16834"> قَيْسٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ </a>عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu"> " لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ : رَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَسَلَّطَهُ عَلَى هَلَكَتِهِ فِي الْحَقِّ ، وَرَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ حِكْمَةً فَهُوَ يَقْضِي بِهَا وَيُعَلِّمُهَا " </a> . <br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>، وَمُسْلِمٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ ، بِهِ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=174#docu">وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ </a> ) أَيْ : وَمَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِالْمَوْعِظَةِ وَالتِّذْكَارِ إِلَّا مَنْ لَهُ لُبٌّ وَعَقْلٌ يَعِي بِهِ الْخِطَابَ وَمَعْنَى الْكَلَامِ . <br /><br />176<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ أَوْ نَذَرْتُمْ مِنْ نَذْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ </a> ( 270 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمْ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ </a> ( 271 ) <br /><br />يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى بِأَنَّهُ عَالِمٌ بِجَمِيعِ مَا يَفْعَلُهُ الْعَامِلُونَ مِنَ الْخَيْرَاتِ مِنَ النَّفَقَاتِ وَالْمَنْذُورَاتِ وَتَضَمَّنَ ذَلِكَ مُجَازَاتُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَوْفَرَ الْجَزَاءِ لِلْعَامِلِينَ لِذَلِكَ ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِهِ وَرَجَاءَ مَوْعُودِهِ . وَتَوَعَّدَ مَنْ لَا يَعْمَلُ بِطَاعَتِهِ ، بَلْ خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ وَكَذَّبَ خَبَرَهُ وَعَبَدَ مَعَهُ غَيْرَهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ </a> ) أَيْ : يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُنْقِذُونَهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ وَنِقْمَتِهِ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ </a> ) أَيْ : إِنْ أَظْهَرْتُمُوهَا فَنِعْمَ شَيْءٌ هِيَ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ </a> ) فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ إِسْرَارَ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ إِظْهَارِهَا ; لِأَنَّهُ أَبْعَدَ عَنِ الرِّيَاءِ ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَرَتَّبَ عَلَى الْإِظْهَارِ مَصْلَحَةٌ رَاجِحَةٌ ، مِنَ اقْتِدَاءِ النَّاسِ بِهِ ، فَيَكُونَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْحَيْثِيَّةِ ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu"> " الْجَاهِرُ بِالْقُرْآنِ كَالْجَاهِرِ بِالصَّدَقَةِ وَالْمُسِرُّ بِالْقُرْآنِ كَالْمُسِرِّ بِالصَّدَقَةِ </a> " . <br /><br />وَالْأَصْلُ أَنَّ الْإِسْرَارَ أَفْضَلُ ، لِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَلِمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ [ ص: 702 ] رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu"> " سَبْعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ : إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ ، وَشَابٌّ نَشَأَ فِي عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَرَجُلَانِ تَحَابَّا فِي اللَّهِ اجْتَمَعَا عَلَيْهِ وَتَفَرَّقَا عَلَيْهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ قَلْبُهُ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالْمَسْجِدِ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ خَالِيًا فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ ، وَرَجُلٌ دَعَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ ذَاتُ مَنْصِبٍ وَجِمَالٍ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ ، وَرَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقُ بِصَدَقَةٍ فَأَخْفَاهَا حَتَّى لَا تَعْلَمَ شِمَالُهُ مَا تُنْفِقُ يَمِينُهُ </a> " . <br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17376"> يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ، </a>أَخْبَرَنَا الْعَوَّامُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ جَعَلَتْ تَمِيدُ ، فَخَلَقَ الْجِبَالَ فَأَلْقَاهَا عَلَيْهَا فَاسْتَقَرَّتْ ، فَتَعَجَّبَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ خَلْقِ الْجِبَالِ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَبِّ ، فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، الْحَدِيدُ . قَالَتْ : يَا رَبِّ ، فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْحَدِيدِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، النَّارُ . قَالَتْ : يَا رَبِّ ، فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، الْمَاءُ . قَالَتْ : يَا رَبِّ ، فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، الرِّيحُ . قَالَتْ : يَا رَبِّ ، فَهَلْ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ شَيْءٌ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الرِّيحِ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، ابْنُ آدَمَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَيُخْفِيهَا مِنْ شَمَالِهِ " . </a><br /><br />وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي فَضْلِ آيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ ؟ قَالَ : " سِرٌّ إِلَى فَقِيرٍ ، أَوْ جُهْدٌ مِنْ مُقِلٍّ " </a> . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ . <br />وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فَذَكَرَهُ . وَزَادَ : ثُمَّ نَزَعَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ </a> ) الْآيَةَ . <br />وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَرْوِيِّ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">صَدَقَةُ السِّرِّ تُطْفِئُ غَضَبَ الرَّبِّ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " . </a><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ مُؤَدِّبُ مُحَارِبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">إِنْ تُبْدُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ وَإِنْ تُخْفُوهَا وَتُؤْتُوهَا الْفُقَرَاءَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ </a> ) قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، فَأَمَّا عُمَرُ فَجَاءَ بِنِصْفِ مَالِهِ حَتَّى دَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا خَلَّفْتَ وَرَاءَكَ لِأَهْلِكَ يَا عُمَرُ ؟ " . قَالَ : خَلَّفْتُ لَهُمْ نِصْفَ مَالِي ، وَأَمَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ يَكَادُ أَنْ يُخْفِيَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ ، حَتَّى دَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا خَلَّفْتَ وَرَاءَكَ لِأَهْلِكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؟ " . فَقَالَ : عِدَةُ اللَّهِ وَعِدَةُ رَسُولِهِ . فَبَكَى عُمَرُ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، وَقَالَ : بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، وَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَبَقْنَا إِلَى بَابِ خَيْرٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا كُنْتَ سَابِقًا [ ص: 703 ] وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مَرْوِيٌّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ . وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدْنَاهُ هَاهُنَا لِقَوْلِ الشَّعْبِيِّ : إِنَّ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْآيَةَ عَامَّةٌ فِي أَنَّ إِخْفَاءَ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ ، سَوَاءً كَانَتْ مَفْرُوضَةً أَوْ مَنْدُوبَةً . لَكِنْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، قَالَ : جَعَلَ اللَّهُ صَدَقَةَ السِّرِّ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ تَفْضُلُ عَلَانِيَتَهَا ، فَقَالَ : بِسَبْعِينَ ضِعْفًا . وَجَعَلَ صَدَقَةَ الْفَرِيضَةِ عَلَانِيَتَهَا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ سِرِّهَا ، فَقَالَ : بِخَمْسَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ ضِعْفًا . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمْ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ </a> ) أَيْ : بَدَلَ الصَّدَقَاتِ ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا إِذَا كَانَتْ سِرًّا يَحْصُلُ لَكُمُ الْخَيْرُ فِي رَفْعِ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمُ السَّيِّئَاتِ ، وَقَدْ قُرِئَ : " وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنْكُمْ " بِالضَّمِّ ، وَقُرِئَ : " وَنُكَفِّرْ " بِالْجَزْمِ ، عَطْفًا عَلَى جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">فَنِعِمَّا هِيَ </a> ) كَقَوْلِهِ : " فَأَصَّدَقَ وَأَكُونَ " ( وَأَكُنْ ) . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=175#docu">وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ ، وَسَيَجْزِيكُمْ عَلَيْهِ [ سُبْحَانَهُ وَبِحَمْدِهِ ] . <br /><br />177<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ </a> ( 272 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 273 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ( 274 ) ) <br /><br />قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ </a> : أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11937"> جَعْفَرِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ ، </a>عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانُوا يَكْرَهُونَ أَنْ يَرْضَخُوا لِأَنْسَابِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَسَأَلُوا ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُمْ ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ </a> ) . <br /><br />وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16418"> وَابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11798"> وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ ، </a>وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانَ وَهُوَ الثَّوْرِيُّ </a>بِهِ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي الدَّشْتَكِيَّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ [ ص: 704 ] بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِأَلَّا يُتَصَدَّقَ إِلَّا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ </a> ) إِلَى آخِرِهَا ، فَأَمَرَ بِالصَّدَقَةِ بَعْدَهَا عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ سَأَلَكَ مِنْ كُلِّ دِينٍ . وَسَيَأْتِي عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ الْمُمْتَحِنَةِ : 8 ] حَدِيثَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=64"> أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ الصَّدِيقِ </a>فِي ذَلِكَ [ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ] . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ </a> ) كَقَوْلِهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِنَفْسِهِ </a> ) [ فُصِّلَتْ : 46 ، الْجَاثِيَةِ : 15 ] وَنَظَائِرُهَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ كَثِيرَةٌ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ </a> ) قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14102"> الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ </a> : نَفَقَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ لِنَفْسِهِ ، وَلَا يُنْفِقُ الْمُؤْمِنُ إِذَا أَنْفَقَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16566"> عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ </a> : يَعْنِي إِذَا أَعْطَيْتَ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ ، فَلَا عَلَيْكَ مَا كَانَ عَمَلُهُ ، وَهَذَا مَعْنًى حَسَنٌ ، وَحَاصِلُهُ أَنَّ الْمُتَصَدِّقَ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِ فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ لِمَنْ أَصَابَ : أَلِبَرٍّ أَوْ فَاجِرٍ أَوْ مُسْتَحَقٍّ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ ، هُوَ مُثَابٌ عَلَى قَصْدِهِ ، وَمُسْتَنَدُ هَذَا تَمَامُ الْآيَةِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ </a> ) وَالْحَدِيثُ الْمُخَرَّجُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11863"> أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13724"> الْأَعْرَجِ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " قَالَ رَجُلٌ : لَأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ بِصَدَقَةٍ ، فَخَرَجَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ فَوَضَعَهَا فِي يَدِ زَانِيَةٍ ، فَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ : تُصُدِّقَ عَلَى زَانِيَةٍ ! فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى زَانِيَةٍ ، لَأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ بِصَدَقَةٍ ، فَخَرَجَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ فَوَضَعَهَا فِي يَدِ غَنِيٍّ ، فَأَصْبَحُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ : تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى غَنِيٍّ ! فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى غَنِيٍّ ، لَأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ بِصَدَقَةٍ ، فَخَرَجَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ فَوَضَعَهَا فِي يَدِ سَارِقٍ ، فَأَصْبَحُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ : تُصُدِّقَ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى سَارِقٍ ! فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى زَانِيَةٍ ، وَعَلَى غَنِيٍّ ، وَعَلَى سَارِقٍ ، فَأُتِيَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ : أَمَّا صَدَقَتُكَ فَقَدْ قُبِلَتْ ; وَأَمَّا الزَّانِيَةُ فَلَعَلَّهَا أَنْ تَسْتَعِفَّ بِهَا عَنْ زِنَاهَا ، وَلَعَلَّ الْغَنِيَّ يَعْتَبِرُ فَيُنْفِقُ مِمَّا أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَلَعَلَّ السَّارِقَ أَنْ يَسْتَعِفَّ بِهَا عَنْ سَرِقَتِهِ " </a> . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ </a> ) يَعْنِي : الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ قَدِ انْقَطَعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ، وَسَكَنُوا الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ سَبَبٌ يَرُدُّونَ بِهِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ مَا يُغْنِيهِمْ وَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِي الْأَرْضِ </a> ) يَعْنِي : سَفَرًا لِلتَّسَبُّبِ فِي طَلَبِ الْمَعَاشِ . وَالضَّرْبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ : هُوَ السَّفَرُ ; قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 101 ] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">عَلِمَ أَنْ سَيَكُونُ مِنْكُمْ مَرْضَى وَآخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَآخَرُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ الْمُزَّمِّلِ : 20 ] . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">يَحْسَبُهُمُ الْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَاءَ مِنَ التَّعَفُّفِ </a> ) أَيِ : الْجَاهِلُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ وَحَالِهِمْ يَحْسَبُهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءَ ، مِنْ تَعَفُّفِهِمْ فِي لِبَاسِهِمْ وَحَالِهِمْ وَمَقَالِهِمْ . وَفِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى الْحَدِيثُ الْمُتَّفِقُ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ :[ ص: 705 ]قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ بِهَذَا الطَّوَّافِ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ ، وَاللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ ، وَالْأُكْلَةُ وَالْأُكْلَتَانِ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمِسْكِينَ الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغْنِيهِ ، وَلَا يُفْطَنُ لَهُ فَيُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ ، وَلَا يَسْأَلُ النَّاسُ شَيْئًا " </a> . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَيْضًا . <br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">تَعْرِفُهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ </a> ) أَيْ : بِمَا يَظْهَرُ لِذَوِي الْأَلْبَابِ مِنْ صِفَاتِهِمْ ، كَمَا قَالَ [ اللَّهُ ] تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">سِيمَاهُمْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ </a> ) [ الْفَتْحِ : 29 ] ، وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ </a> ) [ مُحَمَّدٍ : 30 ] . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي فِي السُّنَنِ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">اتَّقُوا فِرَاسَةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ ، فَإِنَّهُ يَنْظُرُ بِنُورِ اللَّهِ " ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِلْمُتَوَسِّمِينَ </a> ) [ الْحِجْرِ : 75 ] .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يُلِحُّونَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَيُكَلِّفُونَ النَّاسَ مَا لَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَإِنَّ مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ مَا يُغْنِيهِ عَنِ السُّؤَالِ ، فَقَدْ أَلْحَفَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ ; قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : <br /><br />حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكُ بْنُ أَبِي نَمِرٍ : أَنَّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16572"> عَطَاءَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ </a>وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ قَالَا : سَمِعْنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ </a>يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ ، وَلَا اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ ، إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي يَتَعَفَّفُ ; اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا </a> ) . <br /><br />وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدِينِيِّ ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16572"> عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ </a>وَحْدَهُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>بِهِ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ </a> : أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16100"> شَرَّيْكٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَمِرٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16572"> عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ ، وَاللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ ، إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الْمُتَعَفِّفُ ; اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ :(</a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا) </a> وَرَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17418"> يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، </a>أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : </a>أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ بِالطَّوَّافِ عَلَيْكُمْ ، فَتُطْعِمُونَهُ لُقْمَةً لُقْمَةً ، إِنَّمَا الْمِسْكِينُ الْمُتَعَفِّفُ الَّذِي لَا يَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا " . </a><br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي مُعْتَمِرٌ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَاتِكَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a> [ ص: 706 ] قَالَ : لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ الطَّوَّافَ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ الْأُكْلَةُ وَالْأُكْلَتَانِ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمِسْكِينَ الْمُتَعَفِّفُ فِي بَيْتِهِ ، لَا يَسْأَلُ النَّاسُ شَيْئًا تُصِيبُهُ الْحَاجَةُ ; اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">لَا يَسْأَلُونَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا </a> ) <br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ الْحَنَفِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَتْ لَهُ أُمُّهُ : أَلَا تَنْطَلِقَ فَتَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ سَلَّمَ كَمَا يَسْأَلُهُ النَّاسُ ؟ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَسْأَلُهُ ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ قَائِمًا يَخْطُبُ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : " وَمَنِ اسْتَعَفَّ أَعَفَّهُ اللَّهُ ، وَمَنِ اسْتَغْنَى أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَمَنْ يَسْأَلِ النَّاسَ وَلَهُ عَدْلُ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ فَقَدْ سَأَلَ النَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا " . فَقُلْتُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ نَفْسِي : لَنَاقَةٌ لِي خَيْرٌ مِنْ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ ، وَلِغُلَامِهِ نَاقَةٌ أُخْرَى فَهِيَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ فَرَجَعْتُ وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْ </a> . <br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَرَّحَتْنِي أُمِّي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَسْأَلُهُ ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَعَدْتُ ، قَالَ : فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي فَقَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنِ اسْتَغْنَى أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَمَنِ اسْتَعَفَّ أَعَفَّهُ اللَّهُ ، وَمَنِ اسْتَكَفَّ كَفَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ قِيمَةُ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَقَدْ أَلْحَفَ </a> " . قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : نَاقَتِي الْيَاقُوتَةُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أُوقِيَّةٍ . فَرَجَعْتُ وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ . <br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، </a>كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ . زَادَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17246"> وَهِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ </a>كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11835"> أَبُو الْجَمَاهِيرِ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ قِيمَةُ وُقِيَّةٍ فَهُوَ مُلْحِفٌ " </a>وَالْوُقِيَّةُ : أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا . <br /><br />وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٌ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16572"> عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، </a>عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ أُوقِيَّةٌ أَوْ عَدْلُهَا فَقَدْ سَأَلَ إِلْحَافًا " </a> . <br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٌ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ مَا يُغْنِيهِ ، جَاءَتْ مَسْأَلَتُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خُدُوشًا أَوْ كُدُوحًا فِي وَجْهِهِ " . قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، وَمَا غِنَاهُ ؟ قَالَ : " خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا ، أَوْ حِسَابُهَا مِنَ الذَّهَبِ " . </a><br />وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ السُّنَنِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ الْكُوفِيِّ . وَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ ، وَضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ مِنْ جَرَّاءِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . <br />وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14687"> الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَصِينٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ [ ص: 707 ] بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17240"> هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>قَالَ : بَلَغَ الْحَارِثُ رَجُلًا كَانَ بِالشَّامِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّ أَبَا ذَرٍّ كَانَ بِهِ عَوَزٌ ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ ، فَقَالَ : مَا وَجَدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ رَجُلًا هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ فَقَدْ أَلْحَفَ " </a>وَلِآلِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا وَأَرْبَعُونَ شَاةً وَمَاهِنَانِ . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ : يَعْنِي خَادِمَيْنِ . <br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سَابُورَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " مَنْ سَأَلَ وَلَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَمًا فَهُوَ مُلْحِفٌ ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ سَفِّ الْمَلَّةِ " </a>يَعْنِي : الرَّمْلُ . <br /><br />وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ ، </a>عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17294"> يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16008"> سُفْيَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ </a>بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ . <br />قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ ، وَسَيَجْزِي عَلَيْهِ أَوْفَرَ الْجَزَاءِ وَأَتَمَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، أَحْوَجَ مَا يَكُونُونَ إِلَيْهِ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ) هَذَا مَدْحٌ مِنْهُ تَعَالَى لِلْمُنْفِقِينَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ ، وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَوْقَاتِ مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ ، وَالْأَحْوَالِ مِنْ سِرٍّ وَجَهَارٍ ، حَتَّى إِنَّ النَّفَقَةَ عَلَى الْأَهْلِ تَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=37"> لِسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ </a>حِينَ عَادَهُ مَرِيضًا عَامَ الْفَتْحِ ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهَا دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً ، حَتَّى مَا تَجْعَلُ فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ " </a> . <br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ وَبَهْزٍ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16474"> عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يَزِيدَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ ، </a>يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةً يَحْتَسِبُهَا كَانَتْ لَهُ صَدَقَةً " </a>أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ، بِهِ . <br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11839"> سَعِيدَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ ، </a>عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُرَيْبٍ الْمَلِيكِيَّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu"> " نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ [ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ] </a> ) فِي أَصْحَابِ الْخَيْلِ "[ ص: 708 ] <br />وَقَالَ حَنَشٌ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ : عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، قَالَ : هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَعْلِفُونَ الْخَيْلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، </a>وَمَكْحُولٍ . <br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَمَانٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ مُجَاهِدِ بْنِ جَبْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : كَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ ، فَأَنْفَقَ دِرْهَمًا لَيْلًا وَدِرْهَمًا نَهَارًا ، وَدِرْهَمًا سِرًّا ، وَدِرْهَمًا عَلَانِيَةً ، فَنَزَلَتْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً </a> ) <br /><br />وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ . وَلَكِنْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=8"> عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ </a> . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">فَلَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى مَا فَعَلُوا مِنَ الْإِنْفَاقِ فِي الطَّاعَاتِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=176#docu">وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ) تَقَدَّمَ تَفْسِيرُهُ . <br /><br />178<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ </a> ( 275 ) ) <br /><br /> لَمَّا ذَكَرَ تَعَالَى الْأَبْرَارَ الْمُؤَدِّينَ النَّفَقَاتِ ، الْمُخْرِجِينَ الزَّكَوَاتِ ، الْمُتَفَضِّلِينَ بِالْبِرِّ وَالصِّلَاتِ لِذَوِي الْحَاجَاتِ وَالْقَرَابَاتِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَحْوَالِ وَالْآنَّاتِ شَرَعَ فِي ذِكْرِ أَكَلَةِ الرِّبَا وَأَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَأَنْوَاعِ الشُّبَهَاتِ ، فَأَخْبَرَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ خُرُوجِهِمْ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ وَقِيَامِهِمْ مِنْهَا إِلَى بَعْثِهِمْ وَنَشُورِهِمْ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَقُومُونَ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الْمَصْرُوعُ حَالَ صَرَعِهِ وَتَخَبُّطَ الشَّيْطَانِ لَهُ ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَقُومُ قِيَامًا مُنْكَرًا . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : آكِلُ الرِّبَا يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَجْنُونًا يُخْنَقُ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، </a>نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> وَحُكِيَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، </a>وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، </a>وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ </a>أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ </a> ) يَعْنِي : لَا يَقُومُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَابْنِ زَيْدٍ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12077"> ابْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ </a> " <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ كُلْثُومٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : يُقَالُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِآكِلِ الرِّبَا : خُذْ سِلَاحَكَ لِلْحَرْبِ . وَقَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ </a> ) قَالَ : وَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَقُومُ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ[ ص: 709 ] <br /><br /> وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فِي الْإِسْرَاءِ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي سُورَةِ سُبْحَانَ : أَنَّهُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَرَّ لَيْلَتَئِذٍ بِقَوْمٍ لَهُمْ أَجْوَافٌ مِثْلُ الْبُيُوتِ ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُمْ ، فَقِيلَ : هَؤُلَاءِ أَكَلَةُ الرِّبَا . رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13933"> الْبَيْهَقِيُّ </a>مُطَوَّلًا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَيْتُ لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِي عَلَى قَوْمٍ بُطُونُهُمْ كَالْبُيُوتِ ، فِيهَا الْحَيَّاتُ تُرَى مِنْ خَارِجِ بُطُونِهِمْ . فَقُلْتُ : مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَا جِبْرِيلُ ؟ قَالَ : هَؤُلَاءِ أَكَلَةُ الرِّبَا " . </a><br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ حَسَنٍ وَعَفَّانَ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، بِهِ . وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ ضَعْفٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ ، </a>عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ فِي حَدِيثِ الْمَنَامِ الطَّوِيلِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " فَأَتَيْنَا عَلَى نَهْرٍ حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : أَحْمَرُ مِثْلُ الدَّمِ وَإِذَا فِي النَّهْرِ رَجُلٌ سَابِحٌ يَسْبَحُ ، وَإِذَا عَلَى شَطِّ النَّهْرِ رَجُلٌ قَدْ جَمَعَ عِنْدَهُ حِجَارَةً كَثِيرَةً ، وَإِذَا ذَلِكَ السَّابِحُ يَسْبَحُ ، [ مَا يَسْبَحُ ] ثُمَّ يَأْتِي ذَلِكَ الَّذِي قَدْ جَمَعَ الْحِجَارَةَ عِنْدَهُ فَيَفْغَرُ لَهُ فَاهُ فَيُلْقِمُهُ حَجَرًا " وَذَكَرَ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : أَنَّهُ آكِلُ الرِّبَا </a> . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا </a> ) أَيْ : إِنَّمَا جُوزُوا بِذَلِكَ لِاعْتِرَاضِهِمْ عَلَى أَحْكَامِ اللَّهِ فِي شَرْعِهِ ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا قِيَاسًا مِنْهُمْ لِلرِّبَا عَلَى الْبَيْعِ ; لِأَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ لَا يَعْتَرِفُونَ بِمَشْرُوعِيَّةِ أَصْلِ الْبَيْعِ الَّذِي شَرَعَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ، وَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا مِنْ بَابِ الْقِيَاسِ لَقَالُوا : إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا مِثْلُ الْبَيْعِ ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالُوا : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا </a> ) أَيْ : هُوَ نَظِيرُهُ ، فَلِمَ حَرَّمَ هَذَا وَأُبِيحَ هَذَا ؟ وَهَذَا اعْتِرَاضٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى الشَّرْعِ ، أَيْ : هَذَا مِثْلُ هَذَا ، وَقَدْ أَحَلَّ هَذَا وَحَرَّمَ هَذَا ! <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا </a> ) يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ تَمَامِ الْكَلَامِ رَدًّا عَلَيْهِمْ ، أَيْ : قَالُوا : مَا قَالُوهُ مِنَ الِاعْتِرَاضِ ، مَعَ عِلْمِهِمْ بِتَفْرِيقِ اللَّهِ بَيْنَ هَذَا وَهَذَا حُكْمًا ، وَهُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ الَّذِي لَا مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ ، وَلَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، وَهُوَ الْعَالَمُ بِحَقَائِقِ الْأُمُورِ وَمَصَالِحِهَا ، وَمَا يَنْفَعُ عِبَادَهُ فَيُبِيحُهُ لَهُمْ ، وَمَا يَضُرُّهُمْ فَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْوَالِدَةِ بِوَلَدِهَا الطِّفْلِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ </a> ) أَيْ : مَنْ بَلَغَهُ نَهْيُ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرِّبَا فَانْتَهَى حَالَ وُصُولِ الشَّرْعِ إِلَيْهِ . فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلَةِ ، لِقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">عَفَا اللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ </a> ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 95 ] وَكَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " وَكُلُّ رِبًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ تَحْتَ قَدَمَيْ هَاتَيْنِ ، وَأَوَّلُ رِبًا أَضَعُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ </a> " وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِرَدِّ الزِّيَادَاتِ الْمَأْخُوذَةِ فِي حَالِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، بَلْ عَفَا عَمَّا سَلَفَ ، كَمَا قَالَ[ ص: 710 ] تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ </a> ) <br /><br /> قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a> : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ </a> ) فَإِنَّهُ مَا كَانَ أَكَلَ مِنَ الرِّبَا قَبْلَ التَّحْرِيمِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : قُرِئَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11813"> أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ أُمِّ يُونُسَ يَعْنِي امْرَأَتَهُ الْعَالِيَةَ بَنْتَ أَيْفَعَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ لَهَا أَمُّ مُحَبَّةَ أَمُّ وَلَدٍ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ : يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَتَعْرِفِينَ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . قَالَتْ : فَإِنِّي بِعْتُهُ عَبْدًا إِلَى الْعَطَاءِ بِثَمَانِمِائَةٍ ، فَاحْتَاجَ إِلَى ثَمَنِهِ ، فَاشْتَرَيْتُهُ قَبْلَ مَحَلِّ الْأَجَلِ بِسِتِّمِائَةٍ . فَقَالَتْ : بِئْسَ مَا شَرَيْتِ ! وَبِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتِ ! أَبْلِغِي زَيْدًا أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَبْطَلَ جِهَادَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ . قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ : أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ تَرَكَتُ الْمِائَتَيْنِ وَأَخَذَتُ السِّتَّمِائَةِ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ </a> ) . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ مَشْهُورٌ ، وَهُوَ دَلِيلٌ لِمَنْ حَرَّمَ مَسْأَلَةَ الْعِينَةِ ، مَعَ مَا جَاءَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمُقَرِّرَةِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَحْكَامِ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">وَمَنْ عَادَ </a> ) أَيْ : إِلَى الرِّبَا فَفَعَلَهُ بَعْدَ بُلُوغِ نَهْيِ اللَّهِ لَهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَدِ اسْتَوْجَبَ الْعُقُوبَةَ ، وَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ </a> ) <br /><br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17336"> يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ ، </a>أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ الْمَكِّيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11862"> أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، </a>عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ </a> ) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " مَنْ لَمْ يَذْرِ الْمُخَابَرَةَ ، فَلْيَأْذَنْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ . <br /><br /> وَإِنَّمَا حُرِّمَتِ الْمُخَابَرَةُ وَهِيَ : الْمُزَارَعَةُ بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ وَهِيَ : اشْتِرَاءُ الرُّطَبِ فِي رُؤُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ وَهِيَ : اشْتِرَاءُ الْحَبِّ فِي سَنْبُلِهِ فِي الْحَقْلِ بِالْحَبِّ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ إِنَّمَا حُرِّمَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءُ وَمَا شَاكَلَهَا ، حَسْمًا لِمَادَّةِ الرِّبَا ; لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُعْلَمُ التَّسَاوِي بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْجَفَافِ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ الْفُقَهَاءُ : الْجَهْلُ بِالْمُمَاثِلَةِ كَحَقِيقَةِ الْمُفَاضَلَةِ . وَمِنْ هَذَا حَرَّمُوا أَشْيَاءَ بِمَا فَهِمُوا مِنْ تَضْيِيقِ الْمَسَالِكِ الْمُفْضِيَةِ إِلَى الرِّبَا ، وَالْوَسَائِلِ الْمُوَصِّلَةِ إِلَيْهِ ، وَتَفَاوُتِ نَظَرِهِمْ بِحَسَبِ مَا وَهَبَ اللَّهُ لِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمْ مَنِ الْعِلْمِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) [ يُوسُفَ : 76 ] . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">وَبَابُ الرِّبَا مِنْ أَشْكَلِ الْأَبْوَابِ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ </span>، وَقَدْ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، </a>رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : ثَلَاثٌ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا فِيهِنَّ عَهْدًا نَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ : الْجَدُّ ، وَالْكَلَالَةُ ، وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا ، يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ بَعْضَ الْمَسَائِلِ الَّتِي فِيهَا شَائِبَةُ الرِّبَا . وَالشَّرِيعَةُ شَاهِدَةٌ بِأَنَّ كُلَّ [ ص: 711 ] حَرَامٍ فَالْوَسِيلَةُ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلُهُ ; لِأَنَّ مَا أَفْضَى إِلَى الْحَرَامِ حَرَامٌ ، كَمَا أَنَّ مَا لَا يَتِمُّ الْوَاجِبُ إِلَّا بِهِ فَهُوَ وَاجِبٌ . وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " إِنَّ الْحَلَالَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ ، وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ أُمُورٌ مُشْتَبِهَاتٌ ، فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبَهَاتِ اسْتَبْرَأَ لِدِينِهِ وَعِرْضِهِ ، وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبَهَاتِ وَقَعَ فِي الْحَرَامِ ، كَالرَّاعِي يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَرْتَعَ فِيهِ </a> " . <br /><br /> وَفِي السُّنَنِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " دَعْ مَا يُرِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا لَا يُرِيبُكَ " </a> . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الْإِثْمُ مَا حَاكَ فِي الْقَلْبِ وَتَرَدَّدَتْ فِيهِ النَّفْسُ ، وَكَرِهْتَ أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ " </a> . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " اسْتَفْتِ قَلْبَكَ ، وَإِنْ أَفْتَاكَ النَّاسُ وَأَفْتَوْكَ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ : عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : آخِرُ مَا نَزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آيَةُ الرِّبَا . رَوَاهُ [ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> ] عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ ، عَنْهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12514"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، </a>عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ : مِنْ آخِرِ مَا نَزَلَ آيَةُ الرِّبَا ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُبِضَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفَسِّرَهَا لَنَا ، فَدَعُوا الرِّبَا وَالرِّيبَةَ .رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ هَيَّاجِ بْنِ بَسْطَامٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15854"> دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12179"> أَبِي نَضْرَةَ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=44"> أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ </a>قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ </a>، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَعَلِّي أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ تَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ وَآمُرُكُمْ بِأَشْيَاءَ لَا تَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ ، وَإِنَّ مِنْ آخِرِ الْقُرْآنِ نُزُولًا آيَةَ الرِّبَا ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْهُ لَنَا ، فَدَعُوا مَا يُرِيبُكُمْ إِلَى مَا لَا يُرِيبُكُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " الرِّبَا ثَلَاثَةٌ وَسَبْعُونَ بَابًا " </a> . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْفَلَّاسِ ، بِإِسْنَادِ مِثْلِهِ ، وَزَادَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " أَيْسَرُهَا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ ، وَإِنَّ أَرْبَى الرِّبَا عِرْضُ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ " . </a>وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ [ ص: 712 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">الرِّبَا سَبْعُونَ حُوبًا ، أَيْسَرُهَا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَيْرَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ مُنْذُ نَحْوٍ مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ أَوْ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا " قَالَ : قِيلَ لَهُ : النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ ؟ قَالَ : " مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ مِنْهُمْ نَالَهُ مِنْ غُبَارِهِ "</a>وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَيْرَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَمِنْ هَذَا الْقَبِيلِ ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيمُ الْوَسَائِلِ الْمُفْضِيَةِ إِلَى الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11870"> مُسْلِمِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ ، </a>عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَاتُ مِنْ آخِرِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرِّبَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَقَرَأَهُنَّ ، فَحَرَّمَ التِّجَارَةَ فِي الْخَمْرِ </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ سِوَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ ، مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ بِهِ وَهَكَذَا لَفْظُ رِوَايَةِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيِّ ، </a>عِنْدَ تَفْسِيرِ الْآيَةِ : فَحَرَّمَ التِّجَارَةَ ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ لَهُ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَاتُ مِنْ آخِرِ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي الرِّبَا قَرَأَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ، ثُمَّ حَرَّمَ التِّجَارَةَ فِي الْخَمْرِ . قَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ : لَمَّا حَرَّمَ الرِّبَا وَوَسَائِلَهُ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ وَمَا يُفْضِي إِلَيْهِ مِنْ تِجَارَةٍ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا قَالَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّفِقِ عَلَيْهِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَجَمَّلُوهَا فَبَاعُوهَا وَأَكَلُوا أَثْمَانَهَا " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>وَغَيْرِهِمَا ، عِنْدَ لَعْنِ الْمُحَلِّلِ فِي تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu">حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 230 ] قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " لَعَنَ اللَّهُ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ ، وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَكَاتِبَهُ " </a> . قَالُوا : وَمَا يَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِ وَيَكْتُبُ إِلَّا إِذَا أُظْهِرَ فِي صُورَةِ عَقْدٍ شَرْعِيٍّ وَيَكُونُ دَاخِلُهُ فَاسِدًا ، فَالِاعْتِبَارُ بِمَعْنَاهُ لَا بِصُورَتِهِ ; لِأَنَّ الْأَعْمَالَ بِالنِّيَّاتِ ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=177#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَلَا إِلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ ، وَإِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُمْ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ الْإِمَامُ ، الْعَلَّامَةُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ كِتَابًا فِي " إِبْطَالِ التَّحْلِيلِ " تَضَمَّنَ النَّهْيَ عَنْ تَعَاطِي الْوَسَائِلِ الْمُفْضِيَةِ إِلَى كُلِّ بَاطِلٍ ، وَقَدْ كَفَى فِي ذَلِكَ وَشَفَى ، فَرَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ . <br /><br />179<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ </a> ( 276 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ( 277 )[ ص: 713 ] <br /><br /> يُخْبِرُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ يَمْحَقُ الرِّبَا ، أَيْ : يُذْهِبُهُ ، إِمَّا بِأَنْ يُذْهِبَهُ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ مِنْ يَدِ صَاحِبِهِ ، أَوْ يَحْرِمَهُ بَرَكَةَ مَالِهِ فَلَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ ، بَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَيُعَاقِبُهُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">قُلْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ </a> ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 100 ] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">وَيَجْعَلَ الْخَبِيثَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَيَرْكُمَهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي جَهَنَّمَ </a> ) [ الْأَنْفَالِ : 37 ] ، وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِبًا لِيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ </a> ) [ الْآيَةَ ] [ الرُّومِ : 39 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا </a> ) وَهَذَا نَظِيرُ الْخَبَرِ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " الرِّبَا وَإِنْ كَثُرَ فَإِلَى قُلٍّ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ قَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ ، فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ [ قَالَ ] حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ [ بْنِ عَمِيلَةَ الْفَزَارِيِّ ] عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " إِنَّ الرِّبَا وَإِنْ كَثُرَ فَإِنَّ عَاقِبَتَهُ تَصِيرُ إِلَى قُلٍّ " </a>وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16715"> عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْنٍ ، </a>عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَمِيلَةَ الْفَزَارِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " مَا أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِلَّا كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ أَمْرِهِ إِلَى قِلَّةٍ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا مِنْ بَابِ الْمُعَامَلَةِ بِنَقِيضِ الْمَقْصُودِ ، كَمَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ الطَّاطَرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يَحْيَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَنْ فَرُّوخٍّ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ : أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَرَأَى طَعَامًا مَنْثُورًا . فَقَالَ : مَا هَذَا الطَّعَامُ ؟ فَقَالُوا : طَعَامٌ جُلِبَ إِلَيْنَا . قَالَ : بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَفِيمَنْ جَلَبَهُ . قِيلَ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِنَّهُ قَدِ احْتَكَرَ . قَالَ : وَمَنِ احْتَكَرَهُ ؟ قَالُوا : فَرُّوخٌ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ ، وَفُلَانٌ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ . فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمَا فَدَعَاهُمَا فَقَالَ : مَا حَمَلَكُمَا عَلَى احْتِكَارِ طَعَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ قَالَا : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، نَشْتَرِي بِأَمْوَالِنَا وَنَبِيعُ ! ! فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " مَنِ احْتَكَرَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَعَامَهُمْ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ بِالْإِفْلَاسِ أَوْ بِجُذَامٍ " </a> . فَقَالَ فَرُّوخٌ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ : أُعَاهِدُ اللَّهَ وَأُعَاهِدُكَ أَلَّا أَعُودَ فِي طَعَامٍ أَبَدًا . وَأَمَّا مَوْلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا نَشْتَرِي بِأَمْوَالِنَا وَنَبِيعُ . قَالَ أَبُو يَحْيَى : فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ مَجْذُومًا . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ، بِهِ . وَلَفْظُهُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " مَنِ احْتَكَرَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَعَامَهُمْ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ بِالْجُذَامِ وَالْإِفْلَاسِ " </a> . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ </a> ) قُرِئَ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَالتَّخْفِيفِ ، مِنْ " رَبَا الشَّيْءُ يَرْبُو " وَ " أَرْبَاهُ يُرَبِّيهِ "[ ص: 714 ] أَيْ : كَثَّرَهُ وَنَمَّاهُ يُنَمِّيهِ . وَقُرِئَ : " وَيُرَبِّي " بِالضَّمِّ وَالتَّشْدِيدِ ، مِنَ التَّرْبِيَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُنِيرٍ ، سَمِعَ أَبَا النَّضْرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">مِنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِعَدْلِ تَمْرَةٍ مِنْ كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ ، وَلَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا الطِّيبَ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَقْبَلُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ ، ثُمَّ يُرَبِّيهَا لِصَاحِبِهِ كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ فَلُوَّهُ ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ مِثْلَ الْجَبَلِ " . </a><br /><br /> كَذَا رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ . وَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ التَّوْحِيدِ : وَقَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16036"> سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16430"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ </a>، فَذَكَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الزَّكَاةِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، وَسُهَيْلٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : أَمَّا رِوَايَةُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ : فَقَدْ تَفَرَّدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>بِذِكْرِهَا ، وَأَمَّا طَرِيقُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ </a> : فَرَوَاهَا مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ بْنِ السَّرْحِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17241"> هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، </a>بِهِ . وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ سُهَيْلٍ فَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ ، بِهِ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : وَقَالَ وَرْقَاءُ عَنِ ابْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11839"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ الْحَافِظُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13933"> أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ، </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمِ </a>وَغَيْرِهِ ، عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11920"> أَبِي النَّضْرِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17275"> وَرْقَاءَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16430"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11839"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِعَدْلِ تَمْرَةٍ مِنْ كَسْبٍ طَيِّبٍ ، وَلَا يَصْعَدُ إِلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الطَّيِّبُ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْبَلُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ ، فَيُرَبِّيهَا لِصَاحِبِهَا ، كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ فَلُوَّهُ ، حَتَّى تَكُونَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ </a><br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مُسْلِمٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13948"> وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ . وَأَخْرَجَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَمِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17293"> يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ ، </a>عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ ، ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَبِي الْحُبَابِ الْمَدَنِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَوْدِيُّ ، [ ص: 715 ] حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٌ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16292"> عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14946"> الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ </a>قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ </a>يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقْبَلُ الصَّدَقَةَ وَيَأْخُذُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ ، فَيُرَبِّيهَا لِأَحَدِكُمْ كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ مُهْرَهُ أَوْ فَلُوَّهُ حَتَّى إِنَّ اللُّقْمَةَ لَتَصِيرُ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ " </a> . وَتَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ </a> ) . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ ، </a>وَهُوَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ </a> . وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ ، </a>بِهِ وَقَالَ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16292"> عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ، </a>بِهِ . وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16292"> وَعَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ </a>كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12179"> أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، بِهِ <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14946"> الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ مِنْ طَيِّبٍ ، يَقْبَلُهَا اللَّهُ مِنْهُ ، فَيَأْخُذُهَا بِيَمِينِهِ ، وَيُرَبِّيهَا كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ مُهْرَهُ أَوْ فَصِيلَهُ ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِاللُّقْمَةِ فَتَرْبُو فِي يَدِ اللَّهِ أَوْ قَالَ : فِي كَفِّ اللَّهِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ، فَتَصَدَّقُوا " </a> . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ . وَهَذَا طَرِيقٌ غَرِيبٌ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ ، وَلَكِنَّ لَفْظَهُ عَجِيبٌ ، وَالْمَحْفُوظُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، فَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14946"> الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، </a>عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُرَبِّي لِأَحَدِكُمُ التَّمْرَةَ وَاللُّقْمَةَ ، كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ فَلُوَّهُ أَوْ فَصِيلَهُ ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ " </a> . تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16693"> عَمْرَةَ ، </a>عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَعَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu"> " إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ مِنَ الْكَسْبِ الطَّيِّبِ ، وَلَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا الطَّيِّبَ ، فَيَتَلَقَّاهَا الرَّحْمَنُ بِيَدِهِ فَيُرَبِّيهَا ، كَمَا يُرَبِّي أَحَدُكُمْ فَلُوَّهُ أَوْ وَصِيفَهُ أَوْ قَالَ : فَصِيلَهُ " </a>ثُمَّ قَالَ : لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا رَوَاهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرَةَ إِلَّا أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ . <br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يُحِبُّ كَفُورَ الْقَلْبِ أَثِيمَ الْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ ، وَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ مُنَاسَبَةٍ فِي خَتْمِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ ، وَهِيَ أَنَّ الْمُرَابِيَ لَا يَرْضَى بِمَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنَ الْحَلَالِ ، وَلَا يَكْتَفِي بِمَا شَرَعَ لَهُ مِنَ التَّكَسُّبِ الْمُبَاحِ ، فَهُوَ يَسْعَى فِي أَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ ، بِأَنْوَاعِ الْمَكَاسِبِ[ ص: 716 ] الْخَبِيثَةِ ، فَهُوَ جَحُودٌ لِمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ النِّعْمَةِ ، ظَلُومٌ آثِمٌ بِأَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى مَادِحًا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِرَبِّهِمْ ، الْمُطِيعِينَ أَمْرَهُ ، الْمُؤَدِّينَ شُكْرَهُ ، الْمُحْسِنِينَ إِلَى خَلْقِهِ فِي إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ ، مُخْبِرًا عَمَّا أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْكَرَامَةِ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنَ التَّبِعَاتِ آمِنُونَ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=178#docu">إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ </a> ) </b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> </b></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-26840292652210228982017-02-10T07:45:00.002-08:002017-02-10T08:02:46.984-08:0021 من ص161الي ص-171<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">161<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُمْ بِنَهَرٍ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُلَاقُو اللَّهِ كَمْ مِنْ فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبْتُ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ </a> ( 249 ) ) <br /><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَنْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ حِينَ خَرَجَ فِي جُنُودِهِ وَمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ مِنْ مَلَأِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَكَانَ جَيْشُهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ السُّدِّيُّ ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفًا فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُمْ [ بِنَهَرٍ ] </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ : وَهُوَ نَهْرٌ بَيْنَ الْأُرْدُنِّ وَفِلَسْطِينَ يَعْنِي : نَهْرُ الشَّرِيعَةِ الْمَشْهُورُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">فَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي </a> ) أَيْ : فَلَا يَصْحَبُنِي الْيَوْمَ فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">وَمَنْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلَّا مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ </a> ) أَيْ : فَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ </a> ) قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ </a> : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ مِنْهُ بِيَدِهِ رَوِيَ ، وَمَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ لَمْ يُرْوَ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . وَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13286"> وَابْنُ شَوْذَبٍ </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : كَانَ الْجَيْشُ ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفًا فَشَرِبَ سِتَّةٌ وَسَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا وَتَبَقَّى مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ كَذَا قَالَ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ إِسْرَائِيلَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17074"> وَمِسْعَرِ بْنِ كَدَامٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11813"> أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ ، </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=48"> الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ </a>قَالَ : كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَصْحَابِ طَالُوتَ الَّذِينَ جَازُوا مَعَهُ النَّهْرَ ، وَمَا جَازَهُ مَعَهُ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ . وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12424"> إِسْرَائِيلَ بْنِ يُونُسَ </a>عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ : " كُنَّا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّ عِدَّةَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَصْحَابِ طَالُوتَ ، الَّذِينَ جَازُوا مَعَهُ النَّهْرَ ، وَلَمْ يُجَاوِزْ مَعَهُ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ " . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ </a>وَزُهَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بِنَحْوِهِ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ قَالُوا لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ </a> ) أَيِ : اسْتَقَلُّوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَنْ لِقَاءِ عَدُوِّهِمْ لِكَثْرَتِهِمْ فَشَجَّعَهُمْ عُلَمَاؤُهُمْ [ وَهُمُ ] الْعَالِمُونَ بِأَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَإِنَّ النَّصْرَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ عَنْ كَثْرَةِ عَدَدٍ وَلَا عِدَدٍ . وَلِهَذَا قَالُوا : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160#docu">كَمْ مِنْ فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ </a> )</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 669 ] </span></b> <br /><br />162<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ </a> ( 250 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ </a> ( 251 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">تِلْكَ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ </a> ( 252 ) ) <br /><br /> أَيْ : لَمَّا وَاجَهَ حِزْبُ الْإِيمَانِ وَهُمْ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ طَالُوتَ لِعَدُوِّهِمْ أَصْحَابِ جَالُوتَ وَهُمْ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا </a> ) أَيْ : أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا مِنْ عِنْدِكَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا </a> ) أَيْ : فِي لِقَاءِ الْأَعْدَاءِ وَجَنَّبْنَا الْفِرَارَ وَالْعَجْزَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ </a> ) <br /><br /> قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ </a> ) أَيْ : غَلَبُوهُمْ وَقَهَرُوهُمْ بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ </a> ) ذَكَرُوا فِي الْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّاتِ : أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ بِمِقْلَاعٍ كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ رَمَاهُ بِهِ فَأَصَابَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ ، وَكَانَ طَالُوتُ قَدْ وَعَدَهُ إِنْ قَتَلَ جَالُوتَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ ابْنَتَهُ وَيُشَاطِرَهُ نِعْمَتَهُ وَيُشْرِكَهُ فِي أَمْرِهِ فَوَفَى لَهُ ثُمَّ آلَ الْمُلْكُ إِلَى دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَعَ مَا مَنَحَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ </a> ) الَّذِي كَانَ بِيَدِ طَالُوتَ ( وَالْحِكْمَةَ ) أَيِ : النُّبُوَّةُ بَعْدَ شَمْوِيلَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ </a> ) أَيْ : مِمَّا يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ الَّذِي اخْتَصَّهُ بِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ </a> ) أَيْ : لَوْلَاهُ يَدْفَعُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ بِآخَرِينَ ، كَمَا دَفَعَ عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِمُقَاتَلَةِ طَالُوتَ وَشَجَاعَةِ دَاوُدَ لَهَلَكُوا كَمَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا </a><span style="font-size: small;"> ) الْآيَةَ [ الْحَجِّ : 40 ] . </span><br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنْ وَبَرَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَدْفَعُ بِالْمُسْلِمِ الصَالِحٍ عَنْ مِائَةِ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِهِ الْبَلَاءَ " . </a>ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ </a> ) وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ فَإِنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ [ هَذَا ] هُوَ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَطَّارُ الْحِمْصِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=36"> جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُصْلِحُ بِصَلَاحِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ وَلَدَهُ وَوَلَدَ وَلَدِهِ وَأَهْلَ دُوَيْرَتِهِ وَدُوَيْرَاتٍ حَوْلَهُ ، وَلَا يَزَالُونَ فِي حِفْظِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَا دَامَ فِيهِمْ </a> <br /><br /> وَهَذَا أَيْضًا غَرِيبٌ ضَعِيفٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ أَيْضًا . وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15945"> زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ ، </a>حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ رَفَعَ [ ص: 670 ] الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ : " لَا يَزَالُ فِيكُمْ سَبْعَةٌ بِهِمْ تُنْصَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُمْطَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُرْزَقُونَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ " . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ أَيْضًا : وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاذٍ نَهَارُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ اللَّيْثِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15945"> زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ </a>أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ الْبَزَّارُ ، عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْخَوَاصِّ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11824"> أَبِي الْأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ </a>عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu"> " الْأَبْدَالُ فِي أُمَّتِي ثَلَاثُونَ بِهِمْ تَقُومُ الْأَرْضُ ، وَبِهِمْ تُمْطَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُنْصَرُونَ </a> " قَالَ قَتَادَةُ : إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَسَنُ مِنْهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : مَنٌّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ بِهِمْ ، يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمْ بِبَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا وَلَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَالْحِكْمَةُ وَالْحُجَّةُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ أَفْعَالِهِ وَأَقْوَالِهِ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=161#docu">تِلْكَ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : هَذِهِ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَصَصْنَاهَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ أَيْ : بِالْوَاقِعِ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ ، الْمُطَابِقُ لِمَا بِأَيْدِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي يَعْلَمُهُ عُلَمَاءُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ( وَإِنَّكَ ) يَا مُحَمَّدُ ( لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ) وَهَذَا تَوْكِيدٌ وَتَوْطِئَةٌ لِلْقَسَمِ . <br /><br />163<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ </a> ( 253 ) ) <br /><br /> يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَ الرُّسُلِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ كَمَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُدَ زَبُورًا </a> ) [ الْإِسْرَاءِ : 55 ] وَقَالَ هَاهُنَا : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ </a> ) يَعْنِي : مُوسَى وَمُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَذَلِكَ آدَمَ ، كَمَا وَرَدَ بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْوِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> ابْنِ حِبَّانَ </a>عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ </a> ) كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِسْرَاءِ حِينَ رَأَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ بِحَسْبِ تَفَاوُتِ مَنَازِلِهِمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . <br /><br /> فَإِنْ قِيلَ : فَمَا الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَبَيْنَ الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : اسْتَبَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ فِي قَسَمٍ يُقْسِمُهُ : لَا وَالَّذِي اصْطَفَى مُوسَى [ ص: 671 ] عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ . فَرَفَعَ الْمُسْلِمُ يَدَهُ فَلَطَمَ بِهَا وَجْهَ الْيَهُودِيِّ فَقَالَ : أَيْ خَبِيثُ وَعَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ! فَجَاءَ الْيَهُودِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاشْتَكَى عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ؛ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَفِيقُ فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْشِ فَلَا أَدْرِي أَفَاقَ قَبْلِي أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّورِ ؟ فَلَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ " </a>وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu"> " لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بَيْنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ </a> " . <br /><br /> فَالْجَوَابُ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ : <br /><br /> أَحَدُهَا : أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِالتَّفْضِيلِ ، وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ . <br /><br /> الثَّانِي : أَنَّ هَذَا قَالَهُ مِنْ بَابِ الْهَضْمِ وَالتَّوَاضُعِ . <br /><br /> الثَّالِثُ : أَنَّ هَذَا نَهْيٌ عَنِ التَّفْضِيلِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْحَالِ الَّتِي تَحَاكَمُوا فِيهَا عِنْدَ التَّخَاصُمِ وَالتَّشَاجُرِ . <br /><br /> الرَّابِعُ : لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بِمُجَرَّدِ الْآرَاءِ وَالْعَصَبِيَّةِ . <br /><br /> الْخَامِسُ : لَيْسَ مَقَامُ التَّفْضِيلِ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَعَلَيْكُمُ الِانْقِيَادُ وَالتَّسْلِيمُ لَهُ وَالْإِيمَانُ بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ </a> ) أَيِ : الْحُجَجُ وَالدَّلَائِلُ الْقَاطِعَاتُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا جَاءَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِهِ ، مِنْ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ </a> ) يَعْنِي : أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَيَّدَهُ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا </a> ) أَيْ : بَلْ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَنْ قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ وَقَدَرِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=162#docu">وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ </a> ) <br /><br />164<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ </a> ( 254 ) ) <br /><br /> يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ بِالْإِنْفَاقِ مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِهِ سَبِيلِ الْخَيْرِ لِيَدَّخِرُوا ثَوَابَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَلِيكِهِمْ وَلْيُبَادِرُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ </a> ) يَعْنِي : يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يُبَاعُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَلَا يُفَادَى بِمَالٍ لَوْ بَذَلَهُ ، وَلَوْ جَاءَ بِمِلْءِ الْأَرْضِ ذَهَبًا وَلَا تَنْفَعُهُ خُلَّةُ أَحَدٍ ، يَعْنِي : صَدَاقَتُهُ بَلْ وَلَا نَسَابَتُهُ كَمَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَلَا أَنْسَابَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَا يَتَسَاءَلُونَ </a> ) [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ : 101 ] ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ </a> ) أَيْ : وَلَا تَنْفَعُهُمْ شَفَاعَةُ الشَّافِعِينَ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ </a> ) مُبْتَدَأٌ مَحْصُورٌ فِي خَبَرِهِ أَيْ : وَلَا ظَالِمَ أَظْلَمَ مِمَّنْ وَافَى اللَّهَ يَوْمَئِذٍ كَافِرًا . وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=163#docu">وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ </a> ) وَلَمْ يَقِلْ : وَالظَّالِمُونَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[ ص: 672 ] </b>. </span><br /><br />165<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ </a> ( 255 ) ) <br /><br /> هَذِهِ آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ عَظِيمٌ قَدْ صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَنَّهَا أَفْضَلُ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْجَرِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي السَّلِيلِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ أُبَيٍّ هُوَ ابْنُ كَعْبٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَهُ : " أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ " ؟ قَالَ : اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ . فَرَدَّدَهَا مِرَارًا ثُمَّ قَالَ أُبَيٌّ : آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ . قَالَ : " لِيَهْنِكَ الْعِلْمُ أَبَا الْمُنْذِرِ ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ لَهَا لِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ تُقَدِّسُ الْمَلِكَ عِنْدَ سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ " </a>وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ بِهِ ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ زِيَادَةٌ : " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ . . . " إِلَخْ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أُبَيٍّ أَيْضًا فِي فَضْلِ آيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ ، قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12201"> الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمُوصِلِيُّ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12218"> أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ </a>حَدَّثَنَا مُبَشِّرٌ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17298"> يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ </a>عَنْ عَبْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ : أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهُ جُرْنٌ فِيهِ تَمْرُّ قَالَ : فَكَانَ أُبَيٌّ يَتَعَاهَدُهُ فَوَجَدَهُ يَنْقُصُ قَالَ : فَحَرَسَهُ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِدَابَّةٍ شَبِيهُ الْغُلَامِ الْمُحْتَلِمِ قَالَ : فَسَلَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ السَّلَامَ . قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : مَا أَنْتَ ، جِنِّيٌّ أَمْ إِنْسِيٌّ ؟ قَالَ : جِنِّيٌّ . قُلْتُ : نَاوِلْنِي يَدَكَ . قَالَ : فَنَاوَلَنِي ، فَإِذَا يَدُ كَلْبٍ وَشَعْرُ كَلْبٍ . فَقُلْتُ : هَكَذَا خُلِقَ الْجِنُّ ؟ قَالَ : لَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الْجِنُّ مَا فِيهِمْ أَشَدُّ مِنِّي ، قُلْتُ : فَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ رَجُلٌ تُحِبُّ الصَّدَقَةَ فَأَحْبَبْنَا أَنَّ نُصِيبَ مِنْ طَعَامِكَ . قَالَ : فَقَالَ لَهُ فَمَا الَّذِي يُجِيرُنَا مِنْكُمْ ؟ قَالَ : هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ . ثُمَّ غَدَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " صَدَقَ الْخَبِيثُ " . </a><br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14724"> أَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ </a>عَنْ حَرْبِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17298"> يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ </a>عَنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بْنِ لَاحِقٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ عَنْ جَدِّهِ بِهِ . وَقَالَ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا السَّلِيلِ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَكْثُرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَيَصْعَدُ عَلَى سَطْحِ بَيْتٍ فَيُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَعْظَمُ ؟ " فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">[ ص: 673 ] </a><br /><br /><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ </a> ) قَالَ : فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ فَوَجَدْتُ بَرْدَهَا بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ ، أَوْ قَالَ : فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ فَوَجَدْتُ بَرْدَهَا بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ وَقَالَ : " لِيَهْنِكَ الْعِلْمُ يَا أَبَا الْمُنْذِرِ " . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنِ الْأَسْفَعِ الْبِكْرِيِّ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14687"> الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْقَرَاطِيسِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ الْمَكِّيُّ حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14429"> مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ </a>، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ </a>أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ أَنَّ مَوْلَى ابْنِ الْأَسْفَعِ رَجُلَ صِدْقٍ أَخْبَرَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنِ الْأَسْفَعِ الْبِكْرِيِّ : أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَهُمْ فِي صُفَّةِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَسَأَلَهُ إِنْسَانٌ : أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَعْظَمُ ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ </a> ) حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ الْآيَةُ . . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةَ بْنُ وَرْدَانَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">أَنَّ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَأَلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ صَحَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ : " أَيْ فُلَانُ هَلْ تَزَوَّجْتَ " ؟ قَالَ : لَا وَلَيْسَ عِنْدِي مَا أَتَزَوَّجُ بِهِ . قَالَ : " أَوَلَيَسَ مَعَكَ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ </a> ) " ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : " رُبُعُ الْقُرْآنِ . أَلَيْسَ مَعَكَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ </a> ) " ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : " رُبُعُ الْقُرْآنِ . أَلَيْسَ مَعَكَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ </a> ) " ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : " رُبُعُ الْقُرْآنِ . أَلَيْسَ مَعَكَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ [ وَالْفَتْحُ ] </a> ) " ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : " رُبُعُ الْقُرْآنِ . أَلَيْسَ مَعَكَ آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ </a> ) " ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : " رُبُعُ الْقُرْآنِ " . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=1584"> أَبِي ذَرٍّ جُنْدَبِ بْنِ جُنَادَةَ </a>قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثْنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ </a>حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عُمَرَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَشْخَاشِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَجَلَسْتُ . فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ هَلْ صَلَّيْتَ ؟ " قُلْتُ : لَا . قَالَ : " قُمْ فَصَلِّ " قَالَ : فَقُمْتُ فَصَلَّيْتُ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ تَعَوَّذْ بِالْلَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ شَيَاطِينِ الْإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ " قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوَلِلْإِنْسِ شَيَاطِينُ ؟ قَالَ : " نَعَمْ " قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الصَّلَاةُ ؟ قَالَ : " خَيْرُ مَوْضُوعٍ ، مَنْ شَاءَ أَقَلَّ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَكْثَرَ " . قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَالصَّوْمُ ؟ قَالَ : " فَرْضٌ مُجْزِئٌ وَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَزِيدٌ " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَالصَّدَقَةُ ؟ قَالَ : " أَضْعَافٌ مُضَاعَفَةٌ " . قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَأَيُّهَا أَفْضَلُ ؟ قَالَ : " جُهْدٌ مِنْ مُقِلٍّ أَوْ سِرٌّ إِلَى فَقِيرٍ " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ كَانَ أَوَّلَ ؟ قَالَ : " آدَمُ " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَنَبِيٌّ كَانَ ؟ قَالَ : " نَعِمَ نَبِيٌّ مُكَلَّمٌ " قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمِ الْمُرْسَلُونَ ؟ قَالَ : " ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ جَمًّا غَفِيرًا " وَقَالَ مَرَّةً : " وَخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ " قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْكَ أَعْظَمُ ؟ قَالَ : " آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) " وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a> .[ ص: 674 ] <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=50"> أَبِي أَيُّوبَ خَالِدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ </a>، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَأَرْضَاهُ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12526"> ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى </a>عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي سَهْوَةٍ لَهُ ، وَكَانَتِ الْغُولُ تَجِيءُ فَتَأْخُذُ فَشَكَاهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَقَالَ : " فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَهَا فَقُلْ : بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَجِيبِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ " . قَالَ : فَجَاءَتْ فَقَالَ لَهَا : فَأَخَذَهَا فَقَالَتْ : إِنِّي لَا أَعُودُ . فَأَرْسَلَهَا فَجَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ ؟ " قَالَ : أَخَذْتُهَا فَقَالَتْ لِي : إِنِّي لَا أَعُودُ ، إِنِّي لَا أَعُودُ . فَأَرْسَلْتُهَا ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّهَا عَائِدَةٌ " فَأَخَذْتُهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ تَقُولُ : لَا أَعُودُ . وَأَجِيءُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيَقُولُ : " مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ ؟ " فَأَقُولُ : أَخَذْتُهَا فَتَقُولُ : لَا أَعُودُ . فَيَقُولُ : " إِنَّهَا عَائِدَةٌ " فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَقَالَتْ : أَرْسِلْنِي وَأُعُلِّمُكَ شَيْئًا تَقُولُهُ فَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْءٌ : آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ : " صَدَقَتْ وَهِيَ كَذُوبٌ " . </a><br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ فِي فَضَائِلِ الْقُرْآنِ عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11798"> أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ </a>بِهِ ، وَقَالَ : حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>فَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِ " فَضَائِلِ الْقُرْآنِ " وَفِي كِتَابِ " الْوَكَالَةِ " وَفِي " صِفَةِ إِبْلِيسَ " مِنْ صَحِيحِهِ : قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ أَبُو عَمْرٍو حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ : لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . قَالَ : إِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ وَلِي حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ . قَالَ : فَخَلَّيْتُ عَنْهُ . فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ ؟ " قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شَكَا حَاجَةً شَدِيدَةً وَعِيَالًا فَرَحِمْتُهُ وَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ . قَالَ : " أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ " فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ " فَرَصَدْتُهُ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ : لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : دَعْنِي فَإِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ لَا أَعُودُ . فَرَحِمْتُهُ وَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ ؟ " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شَكَا حَاجَةً وَعِيَالًا فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ . قَالَ : " أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ " فَرَصَدْتُهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ : لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَهَذَا آخَرُ ثَلَاثِ مَرَّاتٍ أَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ لَا تَعُودُ ثُمَّ تَعُودُ . فَقَالَ : دَعْنِي أُعَلِّمْكَ كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُكَ اللَّهُ بِهَا . قُلْتُ : مَا هُنَّ . قَالَ : إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) حَتَّى تَخْتِمَ الْآيَةَ فَإِنَّكَ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ . فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ ؟ " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يُعَلِّمُنِي كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ . قَالَ : " مَا هِيَ ؟ " قَالَ : قَالَ لِي : إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا حَتَّى تَخْتِمَ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) وَقَالَ لِي : لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ . وَكَانُوا أَحْرَصَ شَيْءٍ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ [ ص: 675 ] صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَمَا إِنَّهُ صَدَقَكَ وَهُوَ كَذُوبٌ . تَعْلَمُ مَنْ تُخَاطِبُ مُذْ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؟ " قُلْتُ : لَا قَالَ : " ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ " . <br /><br /> كَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>مُعَلَّقًا بِصِيغَةِ الْجَزْمِ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>فِي " الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ " عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>بِسِيَاقٍ آخَرَ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ هَذَا فَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرَوَيْهِ الصَّفَّارُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُتَوَكِّلِ النَّاجِيُّ : أَنَّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ </a>كَانَ مَعَهُ مِفْتَاحُ بَيْتِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَكَانَ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ فَذَهَبَ يَوْمًا فَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ فَوَجَدَ التَّمْرَ قَدْ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ مَلْءُ كَفٍّ وَدَخَلَ يَوْمًا آخَرَ فَإِذَا قَدْ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ مَلْءُ كَفٍّ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ يَوْمًا آخَرَ ثَالِثًا فَإِذَا قَدْ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ . فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " تُحِبُّ أَنَّ تَأْخُذَ صَاحِبَكَ هَذَا ؟ " قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : " فَإِذَا فَتَحَتَ الْبَابَ فَقُلْ : سُبْحَانَ مَنْ سَخَّرَكَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ " فَذَهَبَ فَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ فَقَالَ : سُبْحَانَ مَنْ سَخَّرَكَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ . فَإِذَا هُوَ قَائِمٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ : يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ أَنْتَ صَاحِبُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ دَعْنِي فَإِنِّي لَا أَعُودُ مَا كُنْتُ آخِذًا إِلَّا لِأَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فُقَرَاءَ ، فَخَلَّى عَنْهُ ثُمَّ عَادَ الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ عَادَ الثَّالِثَةَ . فَقُلْتُ : أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَاهَدْتَنِي أَلَّا تَعُودَ ؟ لَا أَدْعُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَتَّى أَذْهَبَ بِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : لَا تَفْعَلْ ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَدَعْنِي عَلَّمْتُكَ كَلِمَاتٍ إِذَا أَنْتَ قُلْتَهَا لَمْ يَقَرَبْكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ صَغِيرٌ وَلَا كَبِيرٌ ذَكَرٌ وَلَا أُنْثَى قَالَ لَهُ : لَتَفْعَلَنَّ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : مَا هُنَّ ؟ قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) قَرَأَ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا فَتَرَكَهُ فَذَهَبَ فَأَبْعَدَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ ؟ " . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>بِهِ ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=34"> لِأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ </a>كَائِنَةٌ مِثْلُ هَذِهِ أَيْضًا فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثُ وَقَائِعَ . <br /><br /> قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِ " الْغَرِيبِ " : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>قَالَ : خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَقَالَ : هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تُصَارِعَنِي ؟ فَإِنْ صَرَعْتَنِي عَلَّمْتُكَ آيَةً إِذَا قَرَأْتَهَا حِينَ تَدْخُلُ بَيْتَكَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ شَيْطَانٌ ؟ فَصَارَعَهُ فَصَرَعَهُ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَرَاكَ ضَئِيلًا شَخِيتًا كَأَنَّ ذِرَاعَيْكَ ذِرَاعَا كَلْبٍ ، أَفَهَكَذَا أَنْتُمْ أَيُّهَا الْجِنُّ كُلُّكُمْ أَمْ أَنْتَ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ ؟ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي بَيْنَهُمْ لَضَلِيعٌ فَعَاوِدْنِي ، فَصَارَعَهُ فَصَرَعَهُ الْإِنْسِيُّ . فَقَالَ : تَقْرَأُ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَقْرَؤُهَا أَحَدٌ إِذَا دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ إِلَّا خَرَجَ الشَّيْطَانُ وَلَهُ خَبَجٌ كَخَبَجِ الْحِمَارِ[ ص: 676 ] <br /><br /> فَقِيلَ لِابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ : أَهْوَ عُمَرُ ؟ فَقَالَ : مَنْ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ إِلَّا عُمَرُ <br /> قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ : الضَّئِيلُ : النَّحِيفُ الْجِسْمِ ، وَالْخَبَجُ بِالْخَاءِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَيُقَالُ : بِالْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ : الضُّرَاطُ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a> : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذَ ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14171"> الْحُمَيْدِيُّ </a>، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، حَدَّثَنِي حَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ فِيهَا آيَةٌ سَيِّدَةُ آيِ الْقُرْآنِ لَا تُقْرَأُ فِي بَيْتٍ فِيهِ شَيْطَانٌ إِلَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ ! آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ " . </a><br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ زَائِدَةَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . كَذَا قَالَ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ [ بِهِ ] وَلَفْظُهُ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ سِنَامٌ ، وَسِنَامُ الْقُرْآنِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ ، وَفِيهَا آيَةٌ هِيَ سَيِّدَةُ آيِ الْقُرْآنِ : آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ </a> " . ثُمَّ قَالَ : غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ شُعْبَةُ وَضَعَّفَهُ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَكَذَا ضَعَّفَهُ أَحْمَدُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17336"> وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ </a>وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَتَرَكَهُ ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ وَكَذَّبَهُ السَّعْدِيُّ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبِي ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى غُنْجَارٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَقِيلٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17344"> يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ </a>، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ : أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَهُمْ سَمَاطَاتٌ فَقَالَ : أَيُّكُمْ يُخْبِرُنِي بِأَعْظَمِ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ : عَلَى الْخَبِيرِ سَقَطْتَ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " أَعْظَمُ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِي اشْتِمَالِهِ عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمِ : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13853"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ </a>، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16128"> شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ السَّكَنِ قَالَتْ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) وَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">الم </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 1 ، 2 ] " إِنَّ فِيهِمَا اسْمَ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمِ " . <br /><br />وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13948"> وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ </a>عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَشْرَمٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ بِهِ ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ .[ ص: 677 ] <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِي مَعْنَى هَذَا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15500"> الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ </a>، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ : أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ يَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> " اسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمِ الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ : سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَآلِ عِمْرَانَ وَطَهَ " </a>وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17246"> هِشَامٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمَّارٍ </a>خَطِيبُ دِمَشْقَ : أَمَّا الْبَقَرَةُ فَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) وَفِي آلِ عِمْرَانَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">الم </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ </a> ) وَفِي طَهَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَعَنَتِ الْوُجُوهُ لِلْحَيِّ الْقَيُّومِ </a> ) <span style="font-size: small;">[ طَهَ : 111 ] . </span><br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ فِي فَضْلِ قِرَاءَتِهَا بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ : قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحْرِزِ بْنِ مُسَاوِرٍ الْأُدْمِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ بِطَرَسُوسَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حِمْيَرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> " مَنْ قَرَأَ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ لَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ " . </a><br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>فِي " الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ " عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ بِهِ ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> ابْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16950"> مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حِمْيَرٍ وَهُوَ الْحِمْصِيُّ </a>مِنْ رِجَالِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيِّ </a>أَيْضًا ، فَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيِّ </a>، وَقَدْ زَعَمَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11890"> أَبُو الْفَرَجِ بْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ </a>أَنَّهُ حَدِيثٌ مَوْضُوعٌ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=19"> وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=36"> وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>نَحْوَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . وَلَكِنْ فِي إِسْنَادِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا ضَعْفٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْمُقْرِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ دُرُسْتُوَيْهِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ ، عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=110"> أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ </a>، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَنِ اقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ ؛ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَقْرَأْهَا فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ أَجْعَلْ لَهُ قَلْبَ الشَّاكِرِينَ وَلِسَانَ الذَّاكِرِينَ وَثَوَابَ الْمُنِيبِينَ وَأَعْمَالَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ ، وَلَا يُوَاظِبُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ أَوْ صِدِّيقٌ أَوْ عَبْدٌ امْتَحَنْتُ قَلْبَهُ لِلْإِيمَانِ أَوْ أُرِيدُ قَتْلَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ جِدًّا . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِي أَنَّهَا تَحْفَظُ مَنْ قَرَأَهَا أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ وَأَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ : قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ الْمَدِينِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَلِيكِيِّ ، عَنْ [ ص: 678 ] زُرَارَةَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> " مَنْ قَرَأَ : ( حم ) الْمُؤْمِنَ إِلَى : ( إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ ) وَآيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ حُفِظَ بِهِمَا حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَهُمَا حِينَ يُمْسِي حُفِظَ بِهِمَا حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ " </a>ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ ، وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ الْمَلِيكِيِّ مِنْ قِبَلِ حِفْظِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي فَضِيلَتِهَا أَحَادِيثُ أُخَرُ تَرَكْنَاهَا اخْتِصَارًا لِعَدَمِ صِحَّتِهَا وَضَعْفِ أَسَانِيدِهَا كَحَدِيثٍ عَلَى قِرَاءَتِهَا عِنْدَ الْحِجَامَةِ : أَنَّهَا تَقُومُ مَقَامَ حِجَامَتَيْنِ ، وَحَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>فِي كِتَابَتِهَا فِي الْيَدِ الْيُسْرَى بِالزَّعْفَرَانِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ وَتُلْحَسُ لِلْحِفْظِ وَعَدَمِ النِّسْيَانِ ، أَوْرَدَهُمَا ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ . وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مُشْتَمِلَةٌ عَلَى عَشْرِ جُمَلٍ مُسْتَقِلَّةٍ . <br /><br /> فَقَوْلُهُ : ( اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ) إِخْبَارٌ بِأَنَّهُ الْمُتَفَرِّدُ بِالْإِلَهِيَّةِ لِجَمِيعِ الْخَلَائِقِ ) الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ) أَيِ : الْحَيُّ فِي نَفْسِهِ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ أَبَدًا الْقَيِّمُ لِغَيْرِهِ ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقْرَأُ : " الْقَيَّامُ " فَجَمِيعُ الْمَوْجُودَاتِ مُفْتَقِرَةٌ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْهَا ، وَلَا قَوَامَ لَهَا بِدُونِ أَمْرِهِ كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ </a> ) [ الرُّومِ : 25 ] وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَعْتَرِيهِ نَقْصٌ وَلَا غَفْلَةٌ وَلَا ذُهُولٌ عَنْ خَلْقِهِ بَلْ هُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ شَهِيدٌ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا يَغِيبُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ خَافِيَةٌ ، وَمِنْ تَمَامِ الْقَيُّومِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ لَا يَعْتَرِيهِ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ، فَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">لَا تَأْخُذُهُ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا تَغْلِبُهُ سِنَةٌ وَهِيَ الْوَسَنُ وَالنُّعَاسُ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَلَا نَوْمٌ </a> ) لِأَنَّهُ أَقْوَى مِنَ السِّنَةِ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ : قَامَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَقَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَنَامُ وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَنَامَ ، يُخْفِضُ الْقِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ ، يُرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ عَمَلُ النَّهَارِ قَبْلَ عَمَلِ اللَّيْلِ ، وَعَمَلُ اللَّيْلِ قَبْلَ عَمَلِ النَّهَارِ ، حِجَابُهُ النُّورُ أَوِ النَّارُ لَوْ كَشَفَهُ لَأَحْرَقَتْ سُبُحَاتُ وَجْهِهِ مَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ بَصَرُهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16584"> عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a>فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ </a> ) أَنَّ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ سَأَلَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ هَلْ يَنَامُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُؤَرِّقُوهُ ثَلَاثًا فَلَا يَتْرُكُوهُ يَنَامُ فَفَعَلُوا ثُمَّ أَعْطَوْهُ قَارُورَتَيْنِ فَأَمْسَكَهُمَا ثُمَّ تَرَكُوهُ وَحَذَّرُوهُ أَنْ يَكْسِرَهُمَا . قَالَ : فَجَعَلَ يَنْعَسُ وَهُمَا فِي يَدِهِ فِي كُلِّ يَدٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَالَ : فَجَعَلَ يَنْعَسُ وَيَنْبَهُ وَيَنْعَسُ وَيَنْبَهُ حَتَّى نَعَسَ نَعْسَةً فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَاهُمَا بِالْأُخْرَى فَكَسَرَهُمَا . قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ : إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَثَلٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ : فَكَذَلِكَ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ فِي يَدَيْهِ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ فَذَكَرَهُ ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا يُعْلَمُ أَنَّ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ هَذَا مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَنَّهُ مُنَزَّهٌ عَنْهُ [ ص: 679 ] <br /><br /> وَأَغْرَبُ مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، حَدَّثْنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ شِبْلٍ ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَحْكِي عَنْ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ ، قَالَ : " وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِ مُوسَى : هَلْ يَنَامُ اللَّهُ ؟ فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكًا فَأَرَّقَهُ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ قَارُورَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ يَدٍ قَارُورَةٌ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَفِظَ بِهِمَا " . قَالَ : " فَجَعَلَ يَنَامُ تَكَادُ يَدَاهُ تَلْتَقِيَانِ فَيَسْتَيْقِظُ فَيَحْبِسُ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى ، حَتَّى نَامَ نَوْمَةً فَاصْطَفَقَتْ يَدَاهُ فَانْكَسَرَتِ الْقَارُورَتَانِ " قَالَ : " ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَثَلًا عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَوْ كَانَ يَنَامُ لَمْ تَسْتَمْسِكِ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ " . </a><br /><br /> وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا وَالْأَظْهَرُ أَنَّهُ إِسْرَائِيلِيٌّ لَا مَرْفُوعٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدَّشْتِكِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالُوا : يَا مُوسَى هَلْ يَنَامُ رَبُّكَ ؟ قَالَ : اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ . فَنَادَاهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : يَا مُوسَى سَأَلُوكَ : هَلْ يَنَامُ رَبُّكَ فَخُذْ زُجَاجَتَيْنِ فِي يَدَيْكَ فَقُمِ اللَّيْلَةَ فَفَعَلَ مُوسَى فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ثُلُثٌ نَعَسَ فَوَقَعَ لِرُكْبَتَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ انْتَعَشَ فَضَبَطَهُمَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ اللَّيْلِ نَعَسَ فَسَقَطَتِ الزُّجَاجَتَانِ فَانْكَسَرَتَا . فَقَالَ : يَا مُوسَى ، لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَامُ لَسَقَطَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ فَهَلَكْنَ كَمَا هَلَكَتِ الزُّجَاجَتَانِ فِي يَدَيْكَ . وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ </a> ) إِخْبَارٌ بِأَنَّ الْجَمِيعَ عَبِيدُهُ وَفِي مُلْكِهِ وَتَحْتَ قَهْرِهِ وَسُلْطَانِهِ كَقَوْلِهِ : <br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">إِنْ كُلُّ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِلَّا آتِي الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدًا لَقَدْ أَحْصَاهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدًّا </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَكُلُّهُمْ آتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَرْدًا </a> ) [ مَرْيَمَ : 9395 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ </a> ) كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَكَمْ مِنْ مَلَكٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ لَا تُغْنِي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَرْضَى </a> ) [ النَّجْمِ : 26 ] وَكَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَلَا يَشْفَعُونَ إِلَّا لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى </a> ) [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ : 28 ] وَهَذَا مِنْ عَظَمَتِهِ وَجَلَالِهِ وَكِبْرِيَائِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّهُ لَا يَتَجَاسَرُ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَشْفَعَ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ لَهُ فِي الشَّفَاعَةِ كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ الشَّفَاعَةِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu"> " آتِي تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ فَأَخِرُّ سَاجِدًا فَيَدَعُنِي مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَدَعَنِي ثُمَّ يُقَالُ : ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ ، وَقُلْ تُسْمَعْ ، وَاشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ " قَالَ : " فَيَحِدُّ لِي حَدًّا فَأُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ " . </a><br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ </a> ) دَلِيلٌ عَلَى إِحَاطَةِ عِلْمِهِ بِجَمِيعِ الْكَائِنَاتِ : مَاضِيهَا وَحَاضِرِهَا وَمُسْتَقْبَلِهَا كَقَوْلِهِ إِخْبَارًا عَنِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا </a> ) [ مَرْيَمَ : 64 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَطَّلِعُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ إِلَّا [ ص: 680 ] بِمَا أَعْلَمَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَطْلَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ . وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ لَا يَطَّلِعُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِ ذَاتِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا أَطْلَعَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِ عِلْمًا </a> ) [ طَهَ : 110 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ </a> ) قَالَ : عِلْمُهُ ، وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَهُشَيْمٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ بِهِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مِثْلُهُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : الْكُرْسِيُّ مَوْضِعُ الْقَدَمَيْنِ . ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَمُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ شُجَاعُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16650"> عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ </a>عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ </a> ) قَالَ : " كُرْسِيُّهُ مَوْضِعُ قَدَمَيْهِ ، وَالْعَرْشُ لَا يُقَدِّرُ قَدْرَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " . <br /><br />كَذَا أَوْرَدَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ شُجَاعِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ الْفَلَّاسِ ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٌ </a>فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16650"> عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ </a>عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : الْكُرْسِيُّ مَوْضِعُ الْقَدَمَيْنِ ، وَالْعَرْشُ لَا يُقَدِّرُ أَحَدٌ قَدْرَهُ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانَ وَهُوَ الثَّوْرِيُّ </a>بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْقُوفًا مِثْلَهُ وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْحَاكِمِ بْنِ ظُهَيْرٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ الْكُوفِيِّ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيِّ </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>مَرْفُوعًا وَلَا يَصِحُّ أَيْضًا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ : الْكُرْسِيُّ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ فِي جَوْفِ الْكُرْسِيِّ ، وَالْكُرْسِيُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْعَرْشِ . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : لَوْ أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعَ وَالْأَرْضِينَ السَّبْعَ بُسِطْنَ ثُمَّ وُصِلْنَ بَعْضُهُنَّ إِلَى بَعْضٍ مَا كُنَّ فِي سِعَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحَلْقَةِ فِي الْمَفَازَةِ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16328"> وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ فِي الْكُرْسِيِّ إِلَّا كَدَرَاهِمَ سَبْعَةٍ أُلْقِيَتْ فِي تُرْسٍ " . قَالَ : وَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " مَا الْكُرْسِيُّ فِي الْعَرْشِ إِلَّا كَحَلْقَةٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ أُلْقِيَتْ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْ فَلَاةٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ " . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وُهَيْبٍ الْغَزِّيُّ [ ص: 681 ] أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16887"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيُّ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ </a>أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11811"> أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانَيِّ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=1584"> أَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ </a>، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْكُرْسِيِّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبْعُ وَالْأَرْضُونَ السَّبْعُ عِنْدَ الْكُرْسِيِّ إِلَّا كَحَلْقَةٍ مُلْقَاةٍ بِأَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ ، وَإِنَّ فَضْلَ الْعَرْشِ عَلَى الْكُرْسِيِّ كَفَضْلِ الْفَلَاةِ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَلْقَةِ " . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12201"> الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ </a>فِي مُسْنَدِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتِ : ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَنِي الْجَنَّةَ . قَالَ : فَعَظَّمَ الرَّبَّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَقَالَ : " إِنَّ كُرْسِيَّهُ وَسِعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ، وَإِنَّ لَهُ أَطِيطًا كَأَطِيطِ الرَّحْلِ الْجَدِيدِ مِنْ ثِقَلِهِ " . </a><br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13863"> الْحَافِظُ الْبَزَّارُ </a>فِي مُسْنَدِهِ الْمَشْهُورِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16298"> وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16935"> وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ </a>فِي تَفْسِيرَيْهِمَا ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14687"> وَالطَّبَرَانَيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12510"> وَابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ </a>فِي كِتَابَيِ السُّنَّةِ لَهُمَا ، وَالْحَافِظُ الضِّيَاءُ فِي كِتَابِ " الْمُخْتَارِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11813"> أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ </a>عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ وَلَيْسَ بِذَاكَ الْمَشْهُورِ وَفِي سَمَاعِهِ مِنْ عُمَرَ نَظَرٌ ، ثُمَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ مَوْقُوفًا ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْهُ مُرْسَلًا ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزِيدُ فِي مَتْنِهِ زِيَادَةً غَرِيبَةً ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَحْذِفُهَا . <br /><br /> وَأَغْرَبُ مِنْ هَذَا حَدِيثُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ فِي صِفَةِ الْعَرْشِ كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي كِتَابِهِ السُّنَّةِ مِنْ سُنَنِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَغَيْرُهُ أَحَادِيثَ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ وَجَابِرٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا فِي وَضْعِ الْكُرْسِيِّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ ، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ الْمَذْكُورِ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ عَلَى عِلْمِ الْهَيْئَةِ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِيِّينَ : أَنَّ الْكُرْسِيَّ عِنْدَهُمْ هُوَ الْفَلَكُ الثَّامِنُ وَهُوَ فَلَكُ الثَّوَابِتِ الَّذِي فَوْقَهُ الْفَلَكُ التَّاسِعُ وَهُوَ الْفَلَكُ الْأَثِيرُ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ : الْأَطْلَسُ . وَقَدْ رَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ آخَرُونَ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ جُوَيْبِرٍ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14102"> الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ </a>أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : الْكُرْسِيُّ هُوَ الْعَرْشُ . وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ الْكُرْسِيَّ غَيْرُ الْعَرْشِ ، وَالْعَرْشَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ ، كَمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْآثَارُ وَالْأَخْبَارُ ، وَقَدِ اعْتَمَدَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَلَى حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ ، وَعِنْدِي فِي صِحَّتِهِ نَظَرٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=164#docu">وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يُثْقِلُهُ وَلَا يُكْرِثُهُ حِفْظُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيهِمَا وَمَنْ [ ص: 682 ] بَيْنَهُمَا ، بَلْ ذَلِكَ سَهْلٌ عَلَيْهِ يَسِيرٌ لَدَيْهِ وَهُوَ الْقَائِمُ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ ، الرَّقِيبُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْأَشْيَاءِ ، فَلَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يَغِيبُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَالْأَشْيَاءُ كُلُّهَا حَقِيرَةٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مُتَوَاضِعَةٌ ذَلِيلَةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَيْهِ ، مُحْتَاجَةٌ فَقِيرَةٌ وَهُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ الْفَعَّالُ لَمَّا يُرِيدُ ، الَّذِي لَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ . وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ الْحَسِيبُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ الرَّقِيبُ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ وَلَا رَبَّ سِوَاهُ . فَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ ) كَقَوْلِهِ : ( وَهُوَ [ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ ) وَكَقَوْلِهِ ] : ( الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالُ ) [ الرَّعْدِ : 9 ] . <br /><br /> وَهَذِهِ الْآيَاتُ وَمَا فِي مَعْنَاهَا مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الصِّحَاحِ الْأَجْوَدُ فِيهَا طَرِيقَةُ السَّلَفِ الصَالِحٍ إِمْرَارُهَا كَمَا جَاءَتْ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَكْيِيفٍ وَلَا تَشْبِيهٍ . <br />166<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِالْلَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 256 ) ) <br /><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ ) أَيْ : لَا تُكْرِهُوا أَحَدًا عَلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنَّهُ بَيِّنٌ وَاضِحٌ جَلِيٌّ دَلَائِلُهُ وَبَرَاهِينُهُ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى أَنْ يُكْرَهَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ فِيهِ ، بَلْ مَنْ هَدَاهُ اللَّهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَشَرَحَ صَدْرَهُ وَنَوَّرَ بَصِيرَتَهُ دَخَلَ فِيهِ عَلَى بَيِّنَةٍ ، وَمَنْ أَعْمَى اللَّهُ قَلَبَهُ وَخَتَمَ عَلَى سَمْعِهِ وَبَصَرِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُفِيدُهُ الدُّخُولُ فِي الدِّينِ مُكْرَهًا مَقْسُورًا . وَقَدْ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ سَبَبَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ حُكْمُهَا عَامًّا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تَكُونُ مِقْلَاتًا فَتَجْعَلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا إِنْ عَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ أَنْ تُهَوِّدَهُ ، فَلَمَّا أُجْلِيَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ كَانَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالُوا : لَا نَدَعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ </a> ) <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>جَمِيعًا عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ بِهِ وَمِنْ وُجُوهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بِهِ نَحْوَهُ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ بِهِ ، وَهَكَذَا ذَكَرَ مُجَاهِدٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيُّ </a>وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ : أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرَشِيِّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ </a>عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَوْ عَنْ سَعِيدِ [ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ] عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ </a> ) قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي سَالِمِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ : الْحُصَيْنِيُّ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَانِ نَصْرَانِيَّانِ ، وَكَانَ هُوَ رَجُلًا مُسْلِمًا فَقَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَلَا أَسْتَكْرِهَهُمَا فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ أَبَيَا إِلَّا النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَرَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ وَزَادَ : وَكَانَا قَدْ تَنَصَّرَا عَلَى يَدَيْ تُجَّارٍ قَدِمُوا مِنَ الشَّامِ يَحْمِلُونَ زَيْتًا فَلَمَّا عَزَمَا عَلَى الذَّهَابِ مَعَهُمْ أَرَادَ أَبُوهُمَا أَنْ يَسْتَكْرِهَهُمَا ، وَطَلَبَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ يَبْعَثَ فِي آثَارِهِمَا ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ[ ص: 683 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْفٍ أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكٌ عَنْ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ أُسَقَ قَالَ : كُنْتُ فِي دِينِهِمْ مَمْلُوكًا نَصْرَانِيًّا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ </a>فَكَانَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيَّ الْإِسْلَامَ فَآبَى فَيَقُولُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ </a> ) وَيَقُولُ : يَا أُسَقُ لَوْ أَسْلَمْتَ لَاسْتَعَنَّا بِكَ عَلَى بَعْضِ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ طَائِفَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَمَنْ دَخَلَ فِي دِينِهِمْ قَبْلَ النَّسْخِ وَالتَّبْدِيلِ إِذَا بَذَلُوا الْجِزْيَةَ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : بَلْ هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِآيَةِ الْقِتَالِ وَأَنَّهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُدْعَى جَمِيعُ الْأُمَمِ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي الدِّينِ الْحَنِيفِ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَإِنْ أَبَى أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمُ الدُّخُولَ فِيهِ وَلَمْ يَنْقَدْ لَهُ أَوْ يَبْذُلِ الْجِزْيَةَ ، قُوتِلَ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ . وَهَذَا مَعْنَى الْإِكْرَاهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ أُولِي بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ </a> ) [ الْفَتْحِ : 16 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ </a> ) [ التَّحْرِيمِ : 9 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ يَلُونَكُمْ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَلْيَجِدُوا فِيكُمْ غِلْظَةً وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> <span style="font-size: small;">) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 123 ] </span>وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu"> " عَجِبَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ يُقَادُونَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فِي السَّلَاسِلِ " </a>يَعْنِي : الْأَسَارَى الَّذِينَ يَقَدَمُ بِهِمْ بِلَادَ الْإِسْلَامِ فِي الْوَثَائِقِ وَالْأَغْلَالِ وَالْقُيُودِ وَالْأَكْبَالِ ثُمَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يُسْلِمُونَ وَتَصْلُحُ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَسَرَائِرُهُمْ فَيَكُونُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ . <br /><br /> فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ : " أَسْلِمْ " قَالَ : إِنِّي أَجِدُنِي كَارِهًا . قَالَ : " وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَارِهًا </a> " فَإِنَّهُ ثُلَاثِيٌّ صَحِيحٌ ، وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَبِيلِ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُكْرِهْهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بَلْ دَعَاهُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ نَفْسَهُ لَيْسَتْ قَابِلَةً لَهُ بَلْ هِيَ كَارِهَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu"> " أَسْلِمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَارِهًا ؛ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَرْزُقُكَ حُسْنَ النِّيَّةِ وَالْإِخْلَاصِ " . </a><br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِالْلَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : مَنْ خَلَعَ الْأَنْدَادَ وَالْأَوْثَانَ وَمَا يَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ كُلِّ مَا يُعْبَدُ مَنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ، وَوَحَّدَ اللَّهَ فَعَبَدَهُ وَحْدَهُ وَشَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى </a> ) أَيْ : فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَاسْتَقَامَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ الْمُثْلَى وَالصِّرَاطِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَوْحٍ الْبَلَدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ سَلَّامُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ حَسَّانَ هُوَ ابْنُ فَائِدٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ قَالَ : قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : إِنَّ الْجِبْتَ : السَّحَرُ ، وَالطَّاغُوتَ : الشَّيْطَانُ ، وَإِنَّ الشَّجَاعَةَ وَالْجُبْنَ غَرَائِزُ تَكُونُ فِي الرِّجَالِ ، يُقَاتِلُ الشُّجَاعُ عَمَّنْ لَا يَعْرِفُ وَيَفِرُّ الْجَبَانُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ ، وَإِنَّ كَرَمَ الرَّجُلِ دِينُهُ ، وَحَسَبَهُ خُلُقُهُ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فَارِسِيًّا أَوْ نَبَطِيًّا . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16328"> وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ فَائِدٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ فَذِكَرَهُ . <br /><br /> وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ فِي الطَّاغُوتِ : إِنَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ قَوِيٌّ جِدًّا فَإِنَّهُ يَشْمَلُ كُلَّ شَرٍّ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، مِنْ عِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَالتَّحَاكُمِ إِلَيْهَا وَالِاسْتِنْصَارِ بِهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا </a> ) أَيْ : فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ مِنَ الدِّينِ بِأَقْوَى سَبَبٍ ، [ ص: 684 ] وَشَبَّهَ ذَلِكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى الَّتِي لَا تَنْفَصِمُ فَهِيَ فِي نَفْسِهَا مُحْكَمَةٌ مُبْرَمَةٌ قَوِيَّةٌ وَرَبْطُهَا قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدٌ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) . <br /><br />قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى </a> ) يَعْنِي : الْإِيمَانُ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : هُوَ الْإِسْلَامُ . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَالضَّحَّاكُ : يَعْنِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ . وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى </a> ) : الْقُرْآنُ . وَعَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15957"> سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ </a>قَالَ : هُوَ الْحُبُّ فِي اللَّهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللَّهِ . <span style="color: red;">وَكُلُّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالِ صَحِيحَةٌ وَلَا تَنَافِيَ بَيْنَهَا . </span><br /><br /> وَقَالَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا </a> ) أَيْ : لَا انْقِطَاعَ لَهَا دُونَ دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a> : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا </a> ) ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ </a> ) [ الرَّعْدِ : 11 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ قَالَ : كُنْتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فِي وَجْهِهِ أَثَرٌ مِنْ خُشُوعٍ ، فَدَخَلَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَوْجَزَ فِيهِمَا فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ : هَذَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ . فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ اتَّبَعْتُهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَدَخَلْتُ مَعَهُ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَلَمَّا اسْتَأْنَسَ قُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ لَمَّا دَخَلْتَ قَبْلُ الْمَسْجِدَ قَالُوا كَذَا وَكَذَا . قَالَ : سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ ، وَسَأُحَدِّثُكَ لِمَ : إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَصَصْتُهَا عَلَيْهِ : رَأَيْتُ كَأَنِّي فِي رَوْضَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ - قَالَابْنُ عَوْنٍ : فَذَكَرَ مِنْ خُضْرَتِهَا وَسِعَتِهَا - وَسَطُهَا عَمُودُ حَدِيدٍ أَسْفَلُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَاهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ فِي أَعْلَاهُ عُرْوَةٌ ، فَقِيلَ لِيَ : اصْعَدْ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ : لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ . فَجَاءَنِي مِنْصَفٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ : هُوَ الْوَصِيفُ ، فَرَفَعَ ثِيَابِي مِنْ خَلْفِي ، فَقَالَ : اصْعَدْ . فَصَعِدْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِالْعُرْوَةِ فَقَالَ : اسْتَمْسِكْ بِالْعُرْوَةِ . فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ وَإِنَّهَا لَفِي يَدِي ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَصَصْتُهَا عَلَيْهِ . فَقَالَ : " أَمَّا الرَّوْضَةُ فَرَوْضَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَأَمَّا الْعَمُودُ فَعَمُودُ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَأَمَّا الْعُرْوَةُ فَهِيَ الْعُرْوَةُ الْوُثْقَى ، أَنْتَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ " </a> . <br /><br /> قَالَ : وَهُوَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=106"> عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ </a>أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>بِهِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى وَسِيَاقٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى وَعَفَّانُ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16273"> عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ </a>عَنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=165#docu">عَنْ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ قَالَ : قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى مَشْيَخَةٍ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَجَاءَ شَيْخٌ يَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَى عَصًا لَهُ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ : مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنَّ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا . فَقَامَ خَلْفَ سَارِيَةٍ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : قَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ : كَذَا وَكَذَا . فَقَالَ : الْجَنَّةُ لِلَّهِ يُدْخِلُهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ ، وَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رُؤْيَا ، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَانِي فَقَالَ : انْطَلِقْ . فَذَهَبْتُ مَعَهُ فَسَلَكَ بِي مَنْهَجًا عَظِيمًا فَعَرَضَتْ لِي طَرِيقٌ عَنْ يَسَارِي ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَسْلُكَهَا . فَقَالَ : إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا . ثُمَّ عَرَضَتْ لِي طَرِيقٌ عَنْ [ ص: 685 ] يَمِينِي فَسَلَكْتُهَا حَتَّى انْتَهَتْ إِلَى جَبَلٍ زَلَقٍ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَزَجَلَ فَإِذَا أَنَا عَلَى ذُرْوَتِهِ ، فَلَمْ أَتَقَارَّ وَلَمْ أَتَمَاسَكْ فَإِذَا عَمُودُ حَدِيدٍ فِي ذُرْوَتِهِ حَلْقَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَزَجَلَ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِالْعُرْوَةِ فَقَالَ : اسْتَمْسِكْ . فَقُلْتُ : نَعَمْ . فَضَرَبَ الْعَمُودَ بِرِجْلِهِ فَاسْتَمْسَكْتُ بِالْعُرْوَةِ ، فَقَصَصْتُهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " رَأَيْتَ خَيْرًا ، أَمَّا الْمَنْهَجُ الْعَظِيمُ فَالْمَحْشَرُ ، وَأَمَّا الطَّرِيقُ الَّتِي عَرَضَتْ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ فَطَرِيقُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، وَلَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا ، وَأَمَّا الطَّرِيقُ الَّتِي عَرَضَتْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ فَطَرِيقُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، وَأَمَّا الْجَبَلُ الزَّلَقُ فَمَنْزِلُ الشُّهَدَاءِ ، وَأَمَّا الْعُرْوَةُ الَّتِي اسْتَمْسَكْتَ بِهَا فَعُرْوَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِهَا حَتَّى تَمُوتَ " . قَالَ : فَإِنَّمَا أَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ . قَالَ : وَإِذَا هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ </a> . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَفَّانَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ </a>عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْيَبِ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بِهِ نَحْوَهُ . وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15818"> خَرَشَةَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ الْفَزَارِيِّ </a>بِهِ . <br /><br />167<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمُ الطَّاغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُمْ مِنَ النُّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُمَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ </a> ( 257 ) ) <br /><br /> يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنِ اتَّبَعَ رِضْوَانَهُ سُبُلَ السَّلَامِ فَيُخْرِجُ عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ ظُلُمَاتِ الْكُفْرِ وَالشَّكِّ وَالرَّيْبِ إِلَى نُورِ الْحَقِّ الْوَاضِحِ الْجَلِيِّ الْمُبِينِ السَّهْلِ الْمُنِيرِ ، وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ تُزَيِّنُ لَهُمْ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجَهَالَاتِ وَالضَّلَالَاتِ ، وَيُخْرِجُونَهُمْ وَيَحِيدُونَ بِهِمْ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الْحَقِّ إِلَى الْكُفْرِ وَالْإِفْكِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ </a> ) <br /><br /> وَلِهَذَا وَحَّدَ تَعَالَى لَفْظَ النُّورِ وَجَمَعَ الظُّلُمَاتِ ; لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ وَاحِدٌ وَالْكُفْرَ أَجْنَاسٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَكُلُّهَا بَاطِلَةٌ كَمَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">وَأَنَّ هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ ذَلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ </a> ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 153 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">وَجَعَلَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَالنُّورَ </a> ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 1 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَالشَّمَائِلِ </a> ) [ النَّحْلِ : 48 ] إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي فِي لَفْظِهَا إِشْعَارٌ بِتَفَرُّدِ الْحَقِّ ، وَانْتِشَارِ الْبَاطِلِ وَتَفَرُّدِهِ وَتَشَعُّبِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ : يُبْعَثُ أَهْلُ الْأَهْوَاءِ أَوْ قَالَ : يُبْعَثُ أَهْلُ الْفِتَنِ ، فَمَنْ كَانَ هَوَاهُ الْإِيمَانَ كَانَتْ فِتْنَتُهُ بَيْضَاءَ مُضِيئَةً ، وَمَنْ كَانَ هَوَاهُ الْكُفْرَ كَانَتْ فِتْنَتُهُ سَوْدَاءَ مُظْلِمَةً ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=166#docu">اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمُ الطَّاغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُمْ مِنَ النُّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُمَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ </a> )</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 686 ] </span></b> <br /><br />168<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ أَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ إِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ قَالَ أَنَا أُحْيِي وَأُمِيتُ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَبُهِتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ </a> ( 258 ) ) <br /><br /> هَذَا الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ وَهُوَ مَلِكُ بَابِلَ : نُمْرُوذُ بْنُ كَنْعَانَ بْنِ كُوشِ بْنِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ . وَيُقَالُ : نُمْرُودُ بْنُ فَالِخِ بْنِ عَابِرِ بْنِ شَالِخِ بْنِ أَرْفَخْشَذَ بْنِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ وَالْأَوَّلُ قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : وَمَلَكَ الدُّنْيَا مَشَارِقَهَا وَمَغَارِبَهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ : مُؤْمِنَانِ وَكَافِرَانِ ، فَالْمُؤْمِنَانِ : سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=46"> وَذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ </a> . وَالْكَافِرَانِ : نُمْرُودُ [ بْنُ كَنْعَانَ ] وَبُخْتَنَصَّرُ . فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : ( أَلَمْ تَرَ ) أَيْ : بِقَلْبِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ </a> ) أَيْ : [ فِي ] وُجُودِ رَبِّهِ . وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَمَّ إِلَهٌ غَيْرُهُ كَمَا قَالَ بَعْدَهُ فِرْعَوْنُ لِمَلَئِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرِي </a> ) [ الْقَصَصِ : 38 ] وَمَا حَمَلَهُ عَلَى هَذَا الطُّغْيَانِ وَالْكُفْرِ الْغَلِيظِ وَالْمُعَانَدَةِ الشَّدِيدَةِ إِلَّا تَجَبُّرُهُ ، وَطُولُ مُدَّتِهِ فِي الْمُلْكِ ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يُقَالُ : إِنَّهُ مَكَثَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ فِي مُلْكِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">أَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ </a> ) وَكَأَنَّهُ طَلَبَ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى وُجُودِ الرَّبِّ الَّذِي يَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ </a> ) أَيِ : الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى وُجُودِهِ حُدُوثُ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُشَاهَدَةِ بَعْدَ عَدَمِهَا ، وَعَدَمُهَا بَعْدَ وُجُودِهَا . وَهَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى وُجُودِ الْفَاعِلِ الْمُخْتَارِ ضَرُورَةً ; لِأَنَّهَا لَمْ تَحْدُثْ بِنَفْسِهَا فَلَا بُدَّ لَهَا مِنْ مُوجِدٍ أَوْجَدَهَا وَهُوَ الرَّبُّ الَّذِي أَدْعُو إِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ . فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الْمُحَاجُّ وَهُوَ النُّمْرُوذُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">أَنَا أُحْيِي وَأُمِيتُ </a> ) <br /><br /> قَالَ قَتَادَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16903"> وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a>وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : وَذَلِكَ أَنِّي أَوُتَى بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ قَدِ اسْتَحَقَّا الْقَتْلَ فَآمُرُ بِقَتْلِ أَحَدِهِمَا فَيُقْتَلُ ، وَبِالْعَفْوِ عَنِ الْآخَرِ فَلَا يُقْتَلُ . فَذَلِكَ مَعْنَى الْإِحْيَاءِ وَالْإِمَاتَةِ . <br /><br /> وَالظَّاهِرُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مَا أَرَادَ هَذَا ; لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ جَوَابًا لِمَا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَلَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ ; لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَانِعٍ لِوُجُودِ الصَّانِعِ . وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنَّ يَدَّعِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ هَذَا الْمَقَامَ عِنَادًا وَمُكَابَرَةً وَيُوهِمُ أَنَّهُ الْفَاعِلُ لِذَلِكَ وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُحَيِّي وَيُمِيتُ ، كَمَا اقْتَدَى بِهِ فِرْعَوْنُ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرِي </a> ) وَلِهَذَا قَالَ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَمَّا ادَّعَى هَذِهِ الْمُكَابَرَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْتِي بِالشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ </a> ) أَيْ : إِذَا كُنْتَ كَمَا تَدَّعِي مِنْ أَنَّكَ [ أَنْتَ الَّذِي ] تُحْيِي وَتُمِيتُ فَالَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَتَصَرَّفُ فِي الْوُجُودِ فِي خَلْقِ ذَوَاتِهِ وَتَسْخِيرِ كَوَاكِبِهِ وَحَرَكَاتِهِ ، فَهَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ تَبْدُو كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ إِلَهًا كَمَا ادَّعَيْتَ تُحْيِي وَتُمِيتُ فَأْتِ بِهَا مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ . فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ عَجْزَهُ وَانْقِطَاعَهُ ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْمُكَابَرَةِ فِي هَذَا الْمَقَامِ بُهِتَ أَيْ : أُخْرِسَ فَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ ، وَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=167#docu">وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يُلْهِمُهُمْ حُجَّةً وَلَا بُرْهَانًا بَلْ حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا التَّنْزِيلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى أَحْسَنُ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْمَنْطِقِيِّينَ : أَنَّ عُدُولَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْمَقَامِ الْأَوَّلِ إِلَى الْمَقَامِ الثَّانِي انْتِقَالٌ مِنْ دَلِيلٍ إِلَى أَوْضَحَ مِنْهُ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَدْ يُطْلِقُ عِبَارَةً رَدِيَّةً . وَلَيْسَ كَمَا قَالُوهُ بَلِ الْمَقَامُ الْأَوَّلُ يَكُونُ كَالْمُقَدَّمَةِ لِلثَّانِي وَيُبَيِّنُ بُطْلَانَ مَا ادَّعَاهُ نُمْرُوذُ فِي الْأَوَّلِ وَالثَّانِي ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ<span style="font-size: small;">[ ص: 687 ] </span><br /><br /> وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُنَاظَرَةَ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَنُمْرُوذَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَلَمْ يَكُنِ اجْتَمَعَ بِالْمَلِكِ إِلَّا فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَجَرَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا هَذِهِ الْمُنَاظَرَةُ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ </a> : أَنَّ النُّمْرُوذَ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامٌ وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَغْدُونَ إِلَيْهِ لِلْمِيرَةِ فَوَفِدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَنْ وَفِدَ لِلْمِيرَةِ فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا هَذِهِ الْمُنَاظَرَةُ وَلَمْ يُعْطِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ كَمَا أَعْطَى النَّاسَ بَلْ خَرَجَ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ ، فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ عَمَدَ إِلَى كَثِيبٍ مِنَ التُّرَابِ فَمَلَأَ مِنْهُ عِدْلَيْهِ وَقَالَ : أَشْغَلُ أَهْلِي عَنِّي إِذَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ وَضَعَ رِحَالَهُ وَجَاءَ فَاتَّكَأَ فَنَامَ . فَقَامَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=199"> سَارَّةُ </a>إِلَى الْعِدْلَيْنِ فَوَجَدَتْهُمَا مَلْآنَيْنِ طَعَامًا طَيِّبًا فَعَمِلَتْ مِنْهُ طَعَامًا . فَلَمَّا اسْتَيْقَظَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَجَدَ الَّذِي قَدْ أَصْلَحُوهُ فَقَالَ : أَنَّى لَكَمَ هَذَا ؟ قَالَتْ : مِنَ الَّذِي جِئْتَ بِهِ . فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ رِزْقٌ رَزَقَهُمُوهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ : </a>وَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكِ الْجَبَّارِ مَلَكَا يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِالْلَّهِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُ الثَّانِيَةَ فَأَبَى ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةَ فَأَبَى وَقَالَ : اجْمَعْ جُمُوعَكَ وَأَجْمَعُ جُمُوعِي . فَجَمَعَ النَّمْرُوذُ جَيْشَهُ وَجُنُودَهُ وَقْتَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ ، وَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بَابًا مِنَ الْبَعُوضِ بِحَيْثُ لَمْ يَرَوْا عَيْنَ الشَّمْسِ وَسَلَّطَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَكَلْتُ لُحُومَهُمْ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ وَتَرَكَتْهُمْ عِظَامًا بَادِيَةً ، وَدَخَلَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهَا فِي مَنْخَرَيِ الْمَلِكِ فَمَكَثَتْ فِي مَنْخَرَيْهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ ، عَذَّبَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا فَكَانَ يَضْرِبُ رَأْسَهُ بِالْمَرَازِبِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ كُلِّهَا حَتَّى أَهْلَكَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا . <br /><br />169<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">أَوْ كَالَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّى يُحْيِي هَذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا فَأَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ قَالَ كَمْ لَبِثْتَ قَالَ لَبِثْتُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ قَالَ بَلْ لَبِثْتَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجْعَلَكَ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ كَيْفَ نُنْشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكْسُوهَا لَحْمًا فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ قَالَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ </a> ( 259 ) ) <br /><br /> تَقَدَّمَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ [ أَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ ] </a> ) وَهُوَ فِي قُوَّةِ قَوْلِهِ : هَلْ رَأَيْتَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ ؟ وَلِهَذَا عَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">أَوْ كَالَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا </a> ) اخْتَلَفُوا فِي هَذَا الْمَارِّ مَنْ هُوَ ؟ فَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ عِصَامِ بْنِ رَوَّادٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11790"> آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ </a>عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ نَاجِيَةَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=8"> عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ </a>أَنَّهُ قَالَ : هُوَ عُزَيْرٌ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ نَاجِيَةَ نَفْسِهِ . وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16328"> وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ </a>عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَقَتَادَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16035"> وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ </a>وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ هُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12186"> وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ </a> : هُوَ أَرْمِيَا بْنُ حَلْقِيَا . قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ; عَمَّنْ لَا يُتَّهَمُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>أَنَّهُ قَالَ : وَهُوَ اسْمُ الْخِضْرِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْيَسَارِيَّ الْجَارِيَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَارِ ، ابْنَ عَمِّ مَطَرٍ فَقَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ الَّذِي أَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ اسْمُهُ : حِزْقِيلُ بْنُ بُورَا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ جَبْرٍ : هُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ[ ص: 688 ] <br /><br /> [ وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ; فَبَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ ، وَكَانَ لَهُ ابْنٌ فَبَلَغَ مِنَ السِّنِّ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً ، وَبَلَغَ ابْنُ ابْنِهِ تِسْعِينَ وَكَانَ الْجَدُّ شَابًّا وَابْنُهُ وَابْنُ ابْنِهِ شَيْخَانِ كَبِيرَانِ قَدْ بَلَغَا الْهِرَمَ ، وَأَنْشَدَنِي بِهِ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ : <br /><br /><br /><br /><br />وَاسْوَدَّ رَأْسُ شَابٍّ مِنْ قَبْلِ ابْنِهِ وَمِنْ قَبْلِهِ ابْنُ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ يَرَى أَنَّهُ شَيْخًا يَدُبُّ عَلَى عَصَا <br />وَلِحْيَتُهُ سَوْدَاءُ وَالرَّأْسُ أَشْعَرُ وَمَا لِابْنِهِ حَبْلٌ وَلَا فَضْلُ قُوَّةٍ <br />يَقُومُ كَمَا يَمْشِي الصَّغِيرُ فَيَعْثُرُ وَعُمُرُ ابْنِهِ أَرْبَعُونَ أَمَرَّهَا <br />وَلِابْنِ ابْنِهِ فِي النَّاسِ تِسْعِينَ غُبَّرُ ] <br /><br /> وَأَمَّا الْقَرْيَةُ : فَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهَا بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ مَرَّ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَ تَخْرِيبِ بُخْتَنَصَّرَ لَهَا وَقَتْلِ أَهْلِهَا . ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَيْسَ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ : خَوَتِ الدَّارُ تَخْوِي خَوَاءً وَخُوِيًّا . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا </a> ) أَيْ : سَاقِطَةٌ سُقُوفُهَا وَجُدْرَانُهَا عَلَى عَرَصَاتِهَا ، فَوَقَفَ مُتَفَكِّرًا فِيمَا آلَ أَمْرُهَا إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ الْعِمَارَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">أَنَّى يُحْيِي هَذِهِ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا </a> ) وَذَلِكَ لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ دُثُورِهَا وَشِدَّةِ خَرَابِهَا وَبُعْدِهَا عَنِ الْعَوْدِ إِلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">فَأَمَاتَهُ اللَّهُ مِائَةَ عَامٍ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ </a> ) قَالَ : وَعَمُرَتِ الْبَلْدَةُ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً مِنْ مَوْتِهِ وَتَكَامَلَ سَاكِنُوهَا وَتَرَاجَعَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَيْهَا . فَلَمَّا بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ كَانَ أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ أَحْيَا اللَّهُ فِيهِ عَيْنَيْهِ لِيَنْظُرَ بِهِمَا إِلَى صُنْعِ اللَّهِ فِيهِ كَيْفَ يُحْيِي بَدَنَهُ ؟ فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَلَّ سَوِيًّا قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَيْ بِوَاسِطَةِ الْمَلَكِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">كَمْ لَبِثْتَ قَالَ لَبِثْتُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ </a> ) قَالُوا : وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فِي آخِرِ نَهَارٍ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الشَّمْسَ بَاقِيَةً ظَنَّ أَنَّهَا شَمْسُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ قَالَ بَلْ لَبِثْتَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ </a> ) وَذَلِكَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَهُ فِيمَا ذُكِرَ عِنَبٌ وَتِينٌ وَعَصِيرٌ فَوَجَدَهُ كَمَا فَقَدَهُ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ ، لَا الْعَصِيرُ اسْتَحَالَ وَلَا التِّينُ حَمِضَ وَلَا أَنْتَنَ وَلَا الْعِنَبُ تَعَفَّنَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">وَانْظُرْ إِلَى حِمَارِكَ </a> ) أَيْ : كَيْفَ يُحْيِيهِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَنْتَ تَنْظُرُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">وَلِنَجْعَلَكَ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ </a> ) أَيْ : دَلِيلًا عَلَى الْمَعَادِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">وَانْظُرْ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ كَيْفَ نُنْشِزُهَا </a> ) أَيْ : نَرْفَعُهَا فَتَرْكَبُ بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ نَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15786"> خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">كَيْفَ نُنْشِزُهَا </a> ) بِالزَّايِ ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . <br /><br /> وَقُرِئَ : ( نُنْشِرُهَا ) أَيْ : نُحْيِيهَا قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">ثُمَّ نَكْسُوهَا لَحْمًا </a> ) <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>وَغَيْرُهُ : تَفَرَّقَتْ عِظَامُ حِمَارِهِ حَوْلَهُ يَمِينًا وَيَسَارًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا وَهِيَ تَلُوحُ مِنْ بَيَاضِهَا فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ رِيحًا فَجَمَعَتْهَا مِنْ كُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْمَحِلَّةِ ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ كُلُّ عَظْمٍ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ حَتَّى صَارَ حِمَارًا قَائِمًا مِنْ عِظَامٍ لَا لَحْمَ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ كَسَاهَا اللَّهُ لَحْمًا وَعَصَبًا وَعُرُوقًا وَجِلْدًا ، وَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ مَلَكًا فَنَفَخَ فِي مَنْخَرَيِ الْحِمَارِ فَنَهَقَ ، كُلُّهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ بِمَرْأَى مِنَ الْعُزَيْرِ ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ هَذَا كُلُّهُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=168#docu">قَالَ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ </a> ) أَيْ : أَنَا عَالِمٌ بِهَذَا وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ عَيَانًا فَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ أَهْلِ زَمَانِي بِذَلِكَ ، وَقَرَأَ آخَرُونَ : " قَالَ اعْلَمْ " عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَمْرٌ لَهُ بِالْعِلْمِ . <br /><br />170<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ثُمَّ ادْعُهُنَّ يَأْتِينَكَ سَعْيًا وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ</a> ( 260 )[ ص: 689 ] <br /><br /> ذَكَرُوا لِسُؤَالِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، أَسْبَابًا ، مِنْهَا : أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَالَ لِنُمْرُوذَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">رَبِّيَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ </a> ) أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتَرَقَّى مِنْ عِلْمِ الْيَقِينِ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَيْنِ الْيَقِينِ ، وَأَنْ يَرَى ذَلِكَ مُشَاهِدَةً فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي </a> ) <br /><br /> فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>عِنْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12265"> أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَسَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، </a>رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu"> " نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالشَّكِّ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، إِذْ قَالَ : رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى ؟ قَالَ : أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ . قَالَ : بَلَى ، وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي " </a>وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ بِهِ فَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ هَاهُنَا بِالشَّكِّ مَا قَدْ يَفْهَمُهُ مَنْ لَا عِلْمَ عِنْدَهُ ، بِلَا خِلَافٍ . وَقَدْ أُجِيبَ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِأَجْوِبَةٍ ، أَحَدُهَا . . . . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">قَالَ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ </a> ) اخْتَلَفَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ : مَا هِيَ ؟ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا طَائِلَ تَحْتَ تَعْيِينِهَا ، إِذْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ مُتَّهَمٌ لَنَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ ، فَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : هِيَ الْغُرْنُوقُ ، وَالطَّاوُسُ ، وَالدِّيكُ ، وَالْحَمَامَةُ . وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا : أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ وَزًّا ، وَرَأْلًا وَهُوَ فَرْخُ النَّعَامِ وَدِيكًا ، وَطَاوُسًا . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ : كَانَتْ حَمَامَةً ، وَدِيكًا ، وَطَاوُسًا ، وَغُرَابًا . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ </a> ) أَيْ : قَطِّعْهُنَّ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، وَأَبُو [ ص: 690 ] مَالِكٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11822"> وَأَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ الدُّؤَلِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَوَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>، وَالْحَسَنُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a>، وَغَيْرُهُمْ <br /> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ </a> ) أَوْثِقْهُنَّ ، فَلَمَّا أَوْثَقَهُنَّ ذَبَحَهُنَّ ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ، فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ عَمَدَ إِلَى أَرْبَعَةٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَذَبَحَهُنَّ ، ثُمَّ قَطَّعَهُنَّ وَنَتَفَ رِيشَهُنَّ ، وَمَزَّقَهُنَّ وَخَلَطَ بَعْضَهُنَّ فِي بَعْضٍ ، ثُمَّ جَزَّأَهُنَّ أَجْزَاءً ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهُنَّ جُزْءًا ، قِيلَ : أَرْبَعَةُ أَجْبُلٍ . وَقِيلَ : سَبْعَةٌ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : وَأَخَذَ رُؤُوسَهُنَّ بِيَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، أَنْ يَدْعُوَهُنَّ ، فَدَعَاهُنَّ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الرِّيشِ يَطِيرُ إِلَى الرِّيشِ ، وَالدَّمِ إِلَى الدَّمِ ، وَاللَّحْمِ إِلَى اللَّحْمِ ، وَالْأَجْزَاءِ مِنْ كُلِّ طَائِرٍ يَتَّصِلُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، حَتَّى قَامَ كُلُّ طَائِرٍ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ ، وَأَتَيْنَهُ يَمْشِينَ سَعْيًا لِيَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ لَهُ فِي الرُّؤْيَةِ الَّتِي سَأَلَهَا ، وَجَعَلَ كُلُّ طَائِرٍ يَجِيءُ لِيَأْخُذَ رَأْسَهُ الَّذِي فِي يَدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَإِذَا قَدَّمَ لَهُ غَيْرَ رَأْسِهِ يَأْبَاهُ ، فَإِذَا قَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ رَأْسَهُ تَرْكَبُ مَعَ بَقِيَّةِ جُثَّتِهِ بِحَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : عَزِيزٌ لَا يَغْلِبُهُ شَيْءٌ ، وَلَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ ، وَمَا شَاءَ كَانَ بِلَا مُمَانِعٍ لِأَنَّهُ الْعَظِيمُ الْقَاهِرُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ ، حَكِيمٌ فِي أَقْوَالِهِ وَأَفْعَالِهِ وَشَرْعِهِ وَقَدْرِهِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي </a> ) قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةٌ أَرْجَى عِنْدِي مِنْهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12166"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يُحَدِّثُ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>قَالَ : اتَّعَدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13"> وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ </a>أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَا . قَالَ : وَنَحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ : أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَرْجَى لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو : قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ الزُّمَرِ : 53 ] . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : أَمَّا إِنْ كُنْتَ تَقُولُ : إِنَّهَا ، وَإِنَّ أَرْجَى مِنْهَا لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَوْلُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِ الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي </a> ) . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : الْتَقَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13"> وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ </a>، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13"> لِابْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ </a> : أَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَرْجَى عِنْدَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو : قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَا تَقْنَطُوا [ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ ] </a> ) الْآيَةَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَكِنَّ أَنَا أَقُولُ : قَوْلُ اللَّهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=169#docu">وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى </a> ) فَرَضِيَ مِنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَوْلَهُ : ( بَلَى ) قَالَ : فَهَذَا لِمَا يَعْتَرِضُ فِي النُّفُوسِ وَيُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ الشَّيْطَانُ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14070"> الْحَاكِمُ </a>فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12573"> أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْأَخْرَمِ ، </a>عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّعْدِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15538"> بِشْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ ، مِثْلَهُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ .</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 691 ] </span></b> <br /><br />171<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مِثْلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمِثْلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 261 ) ) <br /><br /> هَذَا مَثَلٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِتَضْعِيفِ الثَّوَابِ لِمَنْ أَنْفَقَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ وَابْتِغَاءِ مَرْضَاتِهِ ، وَأَنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ تُضَاعَفُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ </a> ) قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ . وَقَالَ مَكْحُولٌ : يَعْنِي بِهِ : الْإِنْفَاقُ فِي الْجِهَادِ ، مِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ وَإِعْدَادِ السِّلَاحِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ ، وَقَالَ شَبِيبُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : الْجِهَادُ وَالْحَجُّ ، يُضْعِفُ الدِّرْهَمَ فِيهِمَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ </a> <br /> وَهَذَا الْمَثَلُ أَبْلَغُ فِي النُّفُوسِ ، مِنْ ذِكْرِ عَدَدِ السَّبْعِمِائَةِ ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا فِيهِ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْأَعْمَالَ الصَالِحٍةَ يُنَمِّيهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لِأَصْحَابِهَا ، كَمَا يُنَمِّي الزَّرْعَ لِمَنْ بَذَرَهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ الطَّيِّبَةِ ، وَقَدْ وَرَدَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِتَضْعِيفِ الْحَسَنَةِ إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ أَبُو خِدَاشٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَاصِلٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ بَشَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي سَيْفٍ الْجُرْمِيِّ ، عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ غَطِيفٍ قَالَ : دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ [ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ] نَعُودُهُ مِنْ شَكْوَى أَصَابَهُ وَامْرَأَتُهُ تُحَيْفَةُ قَاعِدَةٌ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ قُلْنَا : كَيْفَ بَاتَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ؟ قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ بَاتَ بِأَجْرٍ ، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ : مَا بَتُّ بِأَجْرٍ ، وَكَانَ مُقْبِلًا بِوَجْهِهِ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ بِوَجْهِهِ ، وَقَالَ : أَلَا تَسْأَلُونِي عَمَّا قُلْتُ ؟ قَالُوا : مَا أَعْجَبَنَا مَا قَلْتَ فَنَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu"> " مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فَاضِلَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبِسَبْعِمِائَةٍ ، وَمَنْ أَنْفَقَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ ، أَوْ عَادَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ مَازَ أَذًى ، فَالْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا ، وَالصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ مَا لَمْ يَخْرُقْهَا ، وَمَنِ ابْتَلَاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، بِبَلَاءٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ حِطَّةٌ " . </a><br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>فِي الصَّوْمِ بَعْضَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَاصِلٍ بِهِ ، وَمِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَوْقُوفًا . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيَّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَصَدَّقَ بِنَاقَةٍ مَخْطُومَةٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَتَأْتِيَنَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِسَبْعِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ مَخْطُومَةٍ " . </a><br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، بِهِ . وَلَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">جَاءَ رَجُلٌ بِنَاقَةٍ مَخْطُومَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَذِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ : " لَكَ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ </a> " . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَجْمَعٍ أَبُو الْمُنْذِرِ الْكِنْدِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْهِجْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، جَعَلَ حَسَنَةَ ابْنِ آدَمَ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا ، إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، إِلَّا الصَّوْمَ ، وَالصَّوْمُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ ، وَلِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ : فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِ وَفَرْحَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَلَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ </a> "[ ص: 692 ] <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ [ الْإِمَامُ ] أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٌ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu"> " كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُضَاعَفُ ، الْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ ، إِلَى مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ : إِلَّا الصَّوْمَ ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ ، يَدَعُ طَعَامَهُ وَشَهْوَتَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِي ، وَلِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ : فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ ، وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ ، وَلَخُلُوفُ فِيهِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ . الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ ، الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ " . </a>وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13708"> وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجِّ </a>، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ ، </a>بِهِ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ ، عَنِ الرُّكَيْنِ ، عَنْ يُسَيْرِ بْنِ عَمِيلَةَ عَنْ خَرِيمِ بْنِ فَاتِكٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ تُضَاعَفُ بِسَبْعِمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ </a> " . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ زَبَّانَ بْنِ فَائِدٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu"> " إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَالصِّيَامَ وَالذِّكْرَ يُضَاعَفُ عَلَى النَّفَقَةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ سَبْعَمِائَةِ ضِعْفٍ " </a> . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ ، عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَنْ أَرْسَلَ بِنَفَقَةٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَقَامَ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ دِرْهَمِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَمَنْ غَزَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَنْفَقَ فِي جِهَةِ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ دِرْهَمِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ " </a> . ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ </a> ) وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ <br /> وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12081"> أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>فِي تَضْعِيفِ الْحَسَنَةِ إِلَى أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ ، عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 245 ] . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ الْبَزَّازُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبِي ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ </a> ) قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " رَبِّ زِدْ أُمَّتِي " قَالَ : فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا </a> ) قَالَ : " رَبِّ زِدْ أُمَّتِي " قَالَ : فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ </a> ) [ الزُّمَرِ : 10 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> أَبُو حَاتِمِ بْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ حَاجِبِ بْنِ أَرْكِينَ ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْمُقْرِئِ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمُؤَدِّبِ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . [ ص: 693 ] <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ هَاهُنَا : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ </a> ) أَيْ : بِحَسْبِ إِخْلَاصِهِ فِي عَمَلِهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=170#docu">وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : فَضْلُهُ وَاسِعٌ كَثِيرٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ، عَلِيمٌ بِمَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّ وَمَنْ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ . </span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-53108744153262297262017-02-10T07:44:00.002-08:002017-02-10T07:44:48.270-08:0020 من صفحة 150 حتي ص160ويأتي بعده ص 161 ان شاء الله<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">صفحة 150 </span></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَا آتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ( 233 )[ ص: 633 ] <br /><br /> هَذَا إِرْشَادٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِلْوَالِدَاتِ : أَنْ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ كَمَالَ الرَّضَاعَةِ ، وَهِيَ سَنَتَانِ ، فَلَا اعْتِبَارَ بِالرَّضَاعَةِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ </a> ) وَذَهَبَ أَكْثَرُ الْأَئِمَّةِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ دُونَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ ، فَلَوِ ارْتَضَعَ الْمَوْلُودُ وَعُمْرُهُ فَوْقَهُمَا لَمْ يَحْرُمْ . <br /><br /> قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : " بَابُ مَا جَاءَ أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا فِي الصِّغَرِ دُونَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ " : حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17245"> هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، </a>عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu"> " لَا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرِّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا فَتَقَ الْأَمْعَاءَ فِي الثَّدْيِ ، وَكَانَ قَبْلَ الْفِطَامِ " </a> . وَقَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ : أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ دُونَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ ، وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ الْكَامِلَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا . وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17245"> هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ </a> . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : تَفَرَّدَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ بِرِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، وَرِجَالُهُ عَلَى شَرْطِ الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي الثَّدْيِ ، أَيْ : فِي مَحَلِّ الرَّضَاعَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ، الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ </a>وَغُنْدَرٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=48"> الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ </a>قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">لَمَّا مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ لَهُ مُرْضِعًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ " . </a>وَهَكَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّ ابْنَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، مَاتَ وَلَهُ سَنَةٌ وَعَشَرَةُ أَشْهُرٍ ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ لَهُ مُرْضِعًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ " يَعْنِي : تُكْمِلُ رِضَاعَهُ ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ مَا رَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14269"> الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ، </a>مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16666"> عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، </a>عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">لَا يُحَرِّمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْنِ </a> " ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : لَمْ يُسْنِدْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ غَيْرُ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ حَافِظٌ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَوْقُوفًا . وَرَوَاهُ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ عَنْ ثَوْرٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَادَ : " وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ " ، وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14724"> أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ ، </a>عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu"> " لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِصَالٍ ، وَلَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ </a> " ، وَتَمَامُ الدَّلَالَةِ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ </a> ) [ لُقْمَانَ : 14 ] . وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا </a> ) [ الْأَحْقَافِ : 15 ] . وَالْقَوْلُ بِأَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ لَا تُحَرِّمُ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ [ ص: 634 ] عَلِيٍّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>، وَجَابِرٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12"> وَابْنِ عُمَرَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=54"> وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>، وَالْجُمْهُورِ . وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a>، وَأَحْمَدَ ، وَإِسْحَاقَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14954"> وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ </a>، وَمُحَمَّدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16867"> وَمَالِكٍ </a>فِي رِوَايَةٍ ، وَعَنْهُ : أَنَّ مُدَّتَهُ سَنَتَانِ وَشَهْرَانِ ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : وَثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ . وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ : سَنَتَانِ وَسِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ ، وَقَالَ زُفَرُ بْنُ الْهُذَيْلِ : مَا دَامَ يُرْضِعُ فَإِلَى ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ ، وَهَذَا رِوَايَةٌ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَوْ فُطِمَ الصَّبِيُّ دُونَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ فَأَرْضَعَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ بَعْدَ فِصَالِهِ لَمْ يَحْرُمْ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ صَارَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الطَّعَامِ ، وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا : لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِصَالٍ ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمَا أَرَادَا الْحَوْلَيْنِ كَقَوْلِ الْجُمْهُورِ ، سَوَاءٌ فُطِمَ أَوْ لَمْ يُفْطَمْ ، وَيُحْتَمَلْ أَنَّهُمَا أَرَادَا الْفِعْلَ ، كَقَوْلِ مَالِكٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَرَى رِضَاعَ الْكَبِيرِ يُؤَثِّرُ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15124"> وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، </a>وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَأْمُرُ بِمَنْ تَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ لِبَعْضِ نِسَائِهَا فَتُرْضِعُهُ ، وَتَحْتَجُّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=267"> سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ </a>حَيْثُ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ أَنْ تُرْضِعَهُ ، وَكَانَ كَبِيرًا ، فَكَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا بِتِلْكَ الرَّضَاعَةِ ، وَأَبَى ذَلِكَ سَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَرَأَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخَصَائِصِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْجُمْهُورِ . وَحُجَّةُ الْجُمْهُورِ مِنْهُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ ، وَالْفُقَهَاءُ السَّبْعَةُ ، وَالْأَكَابِرُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ، وَسَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِوَى عَائِشَةَ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu"> " انْظُرْنَ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكُنَّ ، فَإِنَّمَا الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنَ الْمَجَاعَةِ </a> " . وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى مَسَائِلِ الرَّضَاعِ ، وَفِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِرَضَاعِ الْكَبِيرِ ، عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 23 ] <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ </a> ) أَيْ : وَعَلَى وَالِدِ الطِّفْلِ نَفَقَةُ الْوَالِدَاتِ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، أَيْ : بِمَا جَرَتْ بِهِ عَادَةُ أَمْثَالِهِنَّ فِي بَلَدِهِنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِسْرَافٍ وَلَا إِقْتَارٍ ، بِحَسَبِ قُدْرَتِهِ فِي يَسَارِهِ وَتَوَسُّطِهِ وَإِقْتَارِهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا </a> ) [ الطَّلَاقِ : 7 ] . قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : إِذَا طَلَّقَ [ الرَّجُلُ ] زَوَّجْتَهُ وَلَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَدٌ ، فَأَرْضَعَتْ لَهُ وَلَدَهُ ، وَجَبَ عَلَى الْوَالِدِ نَفَقَتُهَا وَكِسْوَتُهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا </a> ) أَيْ : لَا تَدْفَعُهُ عَنْهَا لِتَضُرَّ أَبَاهُ بِتَرْبِيَتِهِ ، وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ لَهَا دَفْعُهُ إِذَا وَلَدَتْهُ حَتَّى تَسْقِيَهُ اللِّبَأَ الَّذِي لَا يَعِيشُ بِدُونِ تَنَاوُلِهِ غَالِبًا ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَ هَذَا لَهَا رَفْعُهُ عَنْهَا إِذَا شَاءَتْ ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُضَارَّةً لِأَبِيهِ فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ انْتِزَاعُهُ مِنْهَا لِمُجَرَّدِ الضِّرَارِ لَهَا . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ </a> ) أَيْ : بِأَنْ يُرِيدَ أَنْ يَنْتَزِعَ الْوَلَدَ مِنْهَا إِضْرَارًا بِهَا ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ .[ ص: 635 ] <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ </a> ) قِيلَ : فِي عَدَمِ الضِّرَارِ لِقَرِيبِهِ قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيُّ </a>، وَالضَّحَّاكُ . وَقِيلَ : عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى وَالِدِ الطِّفْلِ مِنَ الْإِنْفَاقِ عَلَى وَالِدَةِ الطِّفْلِ ، وَالْقِيَامِ بِحُقُوقِهَا وَعَدَمِ الْإِضْرَارِ بِهَا ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْجُمْهُورِ . وَقَدِ اسْتَقْصَى ذَلِكَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ . وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِذَلِكَ مَنْ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَالْحَنْبَلِيَّةِ إِلَى وُجُوبِ نَفَقَةِ الْأَقَارِبِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ، وَهُوَ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، </a>وَجُمْهُورِ السَّلَفِ ، وَيُرَشَّحُ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ عُتِقَ عَلَيْهِ </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ أَنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ رُبَّمَا ضَرَّتِ الْوَلَدَ إِمَّا فِي بَدَنِهِ أَوْ عَقْلِهِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، </a>عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ : أَنَّهُ رَأَى امْرَأَةً تُرْضِعُ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ . فَقَالَ : لَا تُرْضِعِيهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا </a> ) أَيْ : فَإِنِ اتَّفَقَا وَالِدَا الطِّفْلِ عَلَى فِطَامِهِ قَبْلَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ ، وَرَأَيَا فِي ذَلِكَ مَصْلَحَةً لَهُ ، وَتَشَاوَرَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، وَأَجْمَعَا عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ : أَنَّ انْفِرَادَ أَحَدِهِمَا بِذَلِكَ دُونَ الْآخَرِ لَا يَكْفِي ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يَسْتَبِدَّ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُشَاوِرَةِ الْآخَرِ ، قَالَهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَهَذَا فِيهِ احْتِيَاطٌ لِلطِّفْلِ ، وَإِلْزَامٌ لِلنَّظَرِ فِي أَمْرِهِ ، وَهُوَ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ بِعِبَادِهِ ، حَيْثُ حَجَرَ عَلَى الْوَالِدَيْنِ فِي تَرْبِيَةِ طِفْلِهِمَا وَأَرْشَدَهُمَا إِلَى مَا يُصْلِحُهُ وَيُصْلِحُهُمَا كَمَا قَالَ فِي سُورَةِ الطَّلَاقِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى </a> ) [ الطَّلَاقِ : 6 ] . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَا آتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ </a> ) أَيْ : إِذَا اتَّفَقَتِ الْوَالِدَةُ وَالْوَالِدُ عَلَى أَنْ يَتَسَلَّمَ مِنْهَا الْوَلَدَ إِمَّا لِعُذْرٍ مِنْهَا ، أَوْ عُذْرٍ لَهُ ، فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِي بَذْلِهِ ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبُولِهِ مِنْهَا إِذَا سَلَّمَهَا أُجْرَتَهَا الْمَاضِيَةَ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ، وَاسْتَرْضَعَ لِوَلَدِهِ غَيْرَهَا بِالْأُجْرَةِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ . قَالَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ) أَيْ : فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِكُمْ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=149#docu">وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ) أَيْ : فَلَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَحْوَالِكُمْ وَأَقْوَالِكُمْ <br /> 151<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ </a> ( 234 ) ) <br /><br /> هَذَا أَمْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِلنِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهُنَّ أَزْوَاجُهُنَّ : أَنْ يَعْتَدِدْنَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرَ لَيَالٍ وَهَذَا الْحُكْمُ يَشْمَلُ الزَّوْجَاتِ الْمَدْخُولَ بِهِنَّ وَغَيْرَ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهِنَّ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ ، وَمُسْتَنَدُهُ فِي غَيْرِ [ ص: 636 ] الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا عُمُومُ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ وَصَحَّحَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَمَاتَ وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا ، وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا ؟ فَتَرَدَّدُوا إِلَيْهِ مِرَارًا فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ : أَقُولُ فِيهَا بِرَأْيِي ، فَإِنْ يَكُنْ صَوَابًا فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ خَطَأً فَمِنِّي وَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ ، وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ بَرِيئَانِ مِنْهُ : [ أَرَى ] لَهَا الصَّدَاقَ كَامِلًا . وَفِي لَفْظٍ : لَهَا صَدَاقُ مِثْلِهَا ، لَا وَكْسَ ، وَلَا شَطَطَ ، وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ ، وَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ . فَقَامَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ فَقَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِهِ فِي بِرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ . فَفَرِحَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِذَلِكَ فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا . </a>وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">فَقَامَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ ، فَقَالُوا : نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِهِ فِي بِرْوَعَ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ . </a><br /><br />وَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا ، وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ ، فَإِنَّ عِدَّتَهَا بِوَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ ، وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْكُثْ بَعْدَهُ سِوَى لَحْظَةٍ ; لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلَهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ </a> ) [ الطَّلَاقِ : 4 ] . وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَرَى : أَنْ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَتَرَبَّصَ بِأَبْعَدِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ مِنَ الْوَضْعِ ، أَوْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٍ ، لِلْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الْآيَتَيْنِ ، وَهَذَا مَأْخَذٌ جَيِّدٌ وَمَسْلَكٌ قَوِيٌّ ، لَوْلَا مَا ثَبَتَتْ بِهِ السُّنَّةُ فِي حَدِيثِ سُبَيْعَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةِ ، الْمُخَرَّجِ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ ، وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ ، فَلَمْ تَنْشَبْ أَنْ وَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا بَعْدَهُ بِلَيَالٍ ، فَلَمَّا تَعَلَّتْ مِنْ نِفَاسِهَا تَجَمَّلَتْ لِلْخُطَّابِ ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا أَبُو السَّنَابِلِ بْنُ بَعْكَكٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهَا : مَا لِي أَرَاكِ مُتَجَمِّلَةً ؟ لَعَلَّكِ تَرْجِينَ النِّكَاحَ . وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنْتِ بِنَاكِحٍ حَتَّى يَمُرَّ عَلَيْكِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا . قَالَتْ سُبَيْعَةُ : فَلَمَّا قَالَ لِي ذَلِكَ جَمَعْتُ عَلَيَّ ثِيَابِي حِينَ أَمْسَيْتُ ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَفْتَانِي بِأَنِّي قَدْ حَلَلْتُ حِينَ وَضَعْتُ ، وَأَمَرَنِي بِالتَّزْوِيجِ إِنْ بَدَا لِي </a> . <br /><br /> قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ : وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَجَعَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ سُبَيْعَةَ ، يَعْنِي لَمَّا احْتُجَّ عَلَيْهِ بِهِ . قَالَ : وَيُصَحِّحُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ : أَنَّ أَصْحَابَهُ أَفْتَوْا بِحَدِيثِ سُبَيْعَةَ ، كَمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَاطِبَةً . <br /><br /> وَكَذَلِكَ يُسْتَثْنَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ الزَّوْجَةُ إِذَا كَانَتْ أَمَةً ، فَإِنَّ عِدَّتَهَا عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ عِدَّةِ الْحُرَّةِ ، شَهْرَانِ وَخَمْسُ لَيَالٍ ، عَلَى قَوْلِ الْجُمْهُورِ ; لِأَنَّهَا لَمَّا كَانَتْ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنَ الْحُرَّةِ فِي الْحَدِّ ، فَكَذَلِكَ فَلْتَكُنْ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ . وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ كَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَبَعْضِ الظَّاهِرِيَّةِ مَنْ يُسَوِّي بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَاتِ الْحَرَائِرِ وَالْإِمَاءِ فِي هَذَا الْمَقَامِ ; لِعُمُومِ الْآيَةِ ، وَلِأَنَّ الْعِدَّةَ مِنْ بَابِ الْأُمُورِ الْجِبَلِّيَّةِ الَّتِي تَسْتَوِي فِيهَا الْخَلِيقَةُ . وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11873"> وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ </a>وَغَيْرُهُمَا : أَنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ فِي جَعْلِ عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ; لِاحْتِمَالِ اشْتِمَالِ الرَّحِمِ عَلَى حَمْلٍ ، فَإِذَا انْتَظَرَ بِهِ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةَ ظَهَرَ إِنْ كَانَ مَوْجُودًا ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الَّذِي فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu"> " إِنَّ خَلْقَ أَحَدِكُمْ يُجْمَعُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا نُطْفَةً ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلَكُ [ ص: 637 ] فَيَنْفُخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ </a> " . فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثُ أَرْبَعِينَاتٍ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ، وَالِاحْتِيَاطُ بِعَشْرٍ بَعْدَهَا لِمَا قَدْ يَنْقُصُ بَعْضُ الشُّهُورِ ، ثُمَّ لِظُهُورِ الْحَرَكَةِ بَعْدَ نَفْخِ الرَّوْحِ فِيهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12514"> سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، </a>عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : سَأَلْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a> : مَا بَالِ الْعَشْرَةِ ؟ قَالَ : فِيهِ يُنْفُخُ الرُّوحُ . وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : قُلْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11873"> لِأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ </a> : لِمَ صَارَتْ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرُ مَعَ الْأَشْهُرِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ ؟ قَالَ : لِأَنَّهُ يُنْفُخُ فِيهَا الرُّوحُ . رَوَاهُمَا ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا ذَهَبَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدَ ، فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ ، إِلَى أَنَّ عِدَّةَ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ هَاهُنَا ; لِأَنَّهَا صَارَتْ فِرَاشًا كَالْحَرَائِرِ ، وَلِلْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17376"> يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12514"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، </a>عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15889"> رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16812"> قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ ، </a>عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَا تُلْبِسُوا عَلَيْنَا سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا ، عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ وَعَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12166"> ابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، </a>عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى . <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ ، </a>عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعٍ </a>ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12514"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ </a>، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17096"> مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ </a>، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15889"> رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ ، </a>عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ أَنْكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ، وَقِيلَ : إِنَّ قَبِيصَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ عَمْرًا ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ، مِنْهُمْ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، وَالْحَسَنُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ </a>، وَأَبُو عِيَاضٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16673"> وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ </a> . وَبِهِ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17369"> يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ </a>، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12418"> وَإِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ </a>، فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ . وَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ وَقَتَادَةُ : عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا نِصْفُ عُدَّةِ الْحُرَّةِ : شَهْرَانِ وَخَمْسُ لَيَالٍ . وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14117"> وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَيٍّ </a> : تَعْتَدُّ بِثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ </a> . وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> وَالشَّافِعِيُّ </a>، وَأَحْمَدُ فِي الْمَشْهُورِ عَنْهُ : عِدَّتُهَا حَيْضَةٌ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيُّ </a>، وَمَكْحُولٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15124"> وَاللَّيْثُ </a>، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11956"> وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ </a>، وَالْجُمْهُورُ . <br /><br /> قَالَ اللَّيْثُ : وَلَوْ مَاتَ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ أَجْزَأَتْهَا . وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : فَلَوْ كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ لَا تَحِيضُ فَثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a>وَالْجُمْهُورُ : شَهْرٌ ، وَثَلَاثَةٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ </a> ) يُسْتَفَادُ مِنْ هَذَا وُجُوبُ الْإِحْدَادِ عَلَى الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا مُدَّةَ عِدَّتِهَا ، لِمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15953"> وَزَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ </a>أُمَّيِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu"> " لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ [ ص: 638 ] بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا " </a> . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَيْضًا ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ : أَنَّ امْرَأَةً قَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ ابْنَتِي تُوَفِّي عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا ، وَقَدِ اشْتَكَتْ عَيْنُهَا ، أَفَنَكْحُلُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : " لَا " . كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ : " لَا " مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا . ثُمَّ قَالَ : " إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَمْكُثُ سَنَةً " . </a>قَالَتْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=170"> زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ </a> : كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا دَخَلَتْ حِفْشًا ، وَلَبِسَتْ شَرَّ ثِيَابِهَا ، وَلَمْ تَمَسَّ طِيبًا وَلَا شَيْئًا ، حَتَّى تَمُرَّ بِهَا سَنَةٌ ، ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ فَتُعْطَى بَعْرَةً فَتَرْمِي بِهَا ، ثُمَّ تُؤْتَى بِدَابَّةٍ حِمَارٍ أَوْ شَاةٍ أَوْ طَيْرٍ فَتَفْتَضُّ بِهِ فَقَلَّمَا تَفْتَضُّ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا مَاتَ . <br /><br /> وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا ذَهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِلَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَاسِخَةٌ لِلْآيَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا ، وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 240 ] ، كَمَا قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي تَقْرِيرُهُ <br /> وَالْغَرَضُ أَنَّ الْإِحْدَادَ هُوَ عِبَارَةٌ عَنْ تَرْكِ الزِّينَةِ مِنَ الطِّيبِ ، وَلُبْسِ مَا يَدْعُوهَا إِلَى الْأَزْوَاجِ مِنْ ثِيَابٍ وَحُلِيٍّ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ وَاجِبٌ فِي عِدَّةِ الْوَفَاةِ قَوْلًا وَاحِدًا ، وَلَا يَجِبُ فِي عِدَّةِ الرَّجْعِيَّةِ قَوْلًا وَاحِدًا ، وَهَلْ يَجِبُ فِي عِدَّةِ الْبَائِنِ ؟ فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ . <br /><br /> وَيَجِبُ الْإِحْدَادُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الزَّوْجَاتِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهُنَّ أَزْوَاجُهُنَّ ، سَوَاءٌ فِي ذَلِكَ الصَّغِيرَةُ وَالْآيِسَةُ وَالْحُرَّةُ وَالْأَمَةُ ، وَالْمُسَلَمَةَ وَالْكَافِرَةُ ، لِعُمُومِ الْآيَةِ . وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11990"> وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ </a>وَأَصْحَابُهُ : لَا إِحْدَادَ عَلَى الْكَافِرَةِ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ أَشْهَبُ ، وَابْنُ نَافِعٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ . وَحَجَّةُ قَائِلِ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةِ قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ ، إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا " </a> : قَالُوا : فَجَعَلَهُ تَعَبُّدًا . وَأَلْحَقَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيُّ </a>الصَّغِيرَةَ بِهَا ، لِعَدَمِ التَّكْلِيفِ . وَأَلْحَقَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْأَمَةَ الْمُسَلَمَةَ لِنَقْصِهَا . وَمَحَلُّ تَقْرِيرِ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ فِي كُتُبِ الْأَحْكَامِ وَالْفُرُوعِ ، وَاللَّهُ الْمُوَفِّقُ لِلصَّوَابِ <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ </a> ) أَيِ : انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ . قَالَهُ الضَّحَّاكُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ </a>، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ </a> ) قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : أَيْ : عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهَا ( فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ ) يَعْنِي : النِّسَاءُ اللَّاتِي انْقَضَّتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ . قَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : إِذَا طُلِّقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا ، فَإِذَا انْقَضَّتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَتَزَيَّنَ وَتَتَصَنَّعَ وَتَتَعَرَّضَ لِلتَّزْوِيجِ ، فَذَلِكَ الْمَعْرُوفُ . رُوِيَ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ نَحْوَهُ ، وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ </a>عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=150#docu">فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ </a> ) قَالَ : هُوَ النِّكَاحُ الْحَلَالُ الطَّيِّبُ . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a>نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br />152<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ </a> ( 235 )[ ص: 639 ] <br /><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ </a> ) أَنْ تُعَرِّضُوا بِخِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ فِي عِدَّتِهِنَّ مِنْ وَفَاةِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَصْرِيحٍ . قَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَشُعْبَةُ وَجَرِيرٌ وَغَيْرُهُمْ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ </a> ) قَالَ : التَّعْرِيضُ أَنْ تَقُولَ : إِنِّي أُرِيدُ التَّزْوِيجَ ، وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَمْرِهَا وَمِنْ أَمْرِهَا يُعَرِّضُ لَهَا بِالْقَوْلِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ رَزَقَنِي امْرَأَةً وَنَحْوَ هَذَا . وَلَا يَنْصِبُ لِلْخِطْبَةِ . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : إِنِّي لَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ غَيْرَكِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ امْرَأَةً صَالِحٍةً ، وَلَا يَنْصِبُ لَهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا . وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>تَعْلِيقًا ، فَقَالَ : قَالَ لِي طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَاءِ </a> ) هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ : إِنِّي أُرِيدُ التَّزْوِيجَ ، وَإِنَّ النِّسَاءَ لَمِنْ حَاجَتِي ، وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ تَيَسَّرَ لِي امْرَأَةٌ صَالِحٍةٌ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16248"> وَطَاوُسٌ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيُّ </a>، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيُّ </a>، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ قُسَيْطٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14946"> وَالْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ </a>، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَالْأَئِمَّةِ فِي التَّعْرِيضِ : أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ تَصْرِيحٍ لَهَا بِالْخِطْبَةِ . وَهَكَذَا حُكْمُ الْمُطْلِقَةِ الْمَبْتُوتَةِ يَجُوزُ التَّعْرِيضُ لَهَا ، كَمَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِفَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ ، حِينَ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا أَبُو عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصٍ : آخَرُ ثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ . فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ ، وَقَالَ لَهَا : " فَإِذَا حَلَلْتِ فَآذِنِينِي " . فَلَمَّا حَلَّتْ خَطَبَ عَلَيْهَا أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ مَوْلَاهُ ، فَزَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ </a> . <br /><br /> فَأَمَّا الْمُطَلَّقَةُ الرَّجْعِيَّةُ : فَلَا خِلَافَ فِي أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لِغَيْرِ زَوْجِهَا التَّصْرِيحُ بِخِطْبَتِهَا وَلَا التَّعْرِيضُ لَهَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">أَوْ أَكْنَنْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ </a> ) أَيْ : أَضْمَرْتُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ خِطْبَتَهُنَّ وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَرَبُّكَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُكِنُّ صُدُورُهُمْ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ </a> ) [ الْقِصَصِ : 69 ] وَكَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُمْ </a> ) [ الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ : 1 ] وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ سَتَذْكُرُونَهُنَّ </a> ) أَيْ : فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ ، فَرَفَعَ الْحَرَجَ عَنْكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا </a> ) قَالَ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11867"> وَأَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ </a>وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ </a>وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16043"> وَسُلَيْمَانُ التَّيْمِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a> : يَعْنِي الزِّنَا . وَهُوَ مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ الْعَوْفِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ [ ص: 640 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا </a> ) لَا تَقُلْ لَهَا : إِنِّي عَاشِقٌ ، وَعَاهِدِينِي أَلَّا تَتَزَوَّجِي غَيْرِي ، وَنَحْوَ هَذَا . وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيِّ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَأَبِي الضُّحَى ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيِّ </a>، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيِّ </a> : هُوَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِيثَاقَهَا أَلَّا تَتَزَوَّجَ غَيْرَهُ ، وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ : لَا تَفُوتِينِي بِنَفْسِكِ ، فَإِنِّي نَاكِحُكِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : هُوَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَهْدَ الْمَرْأَةِ ، وَهِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا أَلَّا تَنْكِحَ غَيْرَهُ ، فَنَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَدَّمَ فِيهِ ، وَأَحَلَّ الْخِطْبَةَ وَالْقَوْلَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَكِنْ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا </a> ) هُوَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ سِرًّا ، فَإِذَا حَلَّتْ أَظْهَرَ ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْآيَةُ عَامَّةً فِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيُّ </a>، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ : يَعْنِي بِهِ : مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ إِبَاحَةِ التَّعْرِيضِ . كَقَوْلِهِ : إِنِّي فِيكِ لِرَاغِبٌ . وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ </a> : قُلْتُ لِعَبِيدَةَ : مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُولُوا قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا </a> ) ؟ قَالَ : يَقُولُ لِوَلِيِّهَا : لَا تَسْبِقْنِي بِهَا ، يَعْنِي : لَا تُزَوِّجْهَا حَتَّى تُعْلِمَنِي . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَلَا تَعْزِمُوا عُقْدَةَ النِّكَاحِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ </a> ) يَعْنِي : وَلَا تَعْقِدُوا الْعَقْدَ بِالنِّكَاحِ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيُّ </a>، وَقَتَادَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ </a>، وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16566"> وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيُّ </a>، وَالضَّحَّاكُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ </a> ) يَعْنِي : حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ الْعَقْدُ فِي مُدَّةِ الْعِدَّةِ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فِي عِدَّتِهَا فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ، فَإِنَّهُ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا ، وَهَلْ تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ أَبَدًا ؟ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ : الْجُمْهُورُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا لَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ ، بَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَهَا إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا . وَذَهَبَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ إِلَى أَنَّهَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى التَّأْبِيدِ . وَاحْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16049"> وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ </a> : أَنَّ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا ، فَإِنَّ زَوْجَهَا الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَهَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا ، فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ بَقِيَّةَ عِدَّتِهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ ، ثُمَّ كَانَ الْآخَرُ خَاطِبًا مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ بَقِيَّةَ عِدَّتِهَا مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ اعْتَدَّتْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْكِحْهَا أَبَدًا . <br /><br /> قَالُوا : وَمَأْخَذُ هَذَا : أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ لَمَّا اسْتَعْجَلَ مَا أَجَّلَ اللَّهُ ، عُوقِبَ بِنَقِيضِ قَصْدِهِ ، فَحَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى التَّأْبِيدِ ، كَالْقَاتِلِ يُحْرَمُ الْمِيرَاثَ . وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a>هَذَا الْأَثَرَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13933"> الْبَيْهَقِيُّ </a> : وَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ ، لِقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ : إِنَّهَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : ثُمَّ هُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ . وَقَدْ رَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ : [ ص: 641 ] أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَجَعَلَ لَهَا مَهْرَهَا ، وَجَعَلَهُمَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُ </a> ) تَوَعَّدَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يَقَعُ فِي ضَمَائِرِهِمْ مِنْ أُمُورِ النِّسَاءِ ، وَأَرْشَدَهُمْ إِلَى إِضْمَارِ الْخَيْرِ دُونَ الشَّرِّ ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤْيِسْهُمْ مَنْ رَحِمَتْهُ ، وَلَمْ يُقْنِطْهُمْ مِنْ عَائِدَتِهِ ، فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=151#docu">وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ </a> ) . <br />153<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ </a> ( 236 ) ) <br /><br /> أَبَاحَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى طَلَاقَ الْمَرْأَةِ بَعْدَ الْعَقْدِ عَلَيْهَا وَقَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ بِهَا . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16248"> وَطَاوُسٌ </a>، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ : الْمَسُّ : النِّكَاحُ . بَلْ وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ بِهَا ، وَالْفَرْضِ لَهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ مُفَوَّضَةً ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي هَذَا انْكِسَارٌ لِقَلْبِهَا ; وَلِهَذَا أَمَرَ تَعَالَى بِإِمْتَاعِهَا ، وَهُوَ تَعْوِيضُهَا عَمَّا فَاتَهَا بِشَيْءٍ تُعْطَاهُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِحَسْبَ حَالِهِ ، عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، </a>عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمِّيَّةَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : مُتْعَةُ الطَّلَاقِ أَعْلَاهُ الْخَادِمُ ، وَدُونَ ذَلِكَ الْوَرِقُ ، وَدُونَ ذَلِكَ الْكُسْوَةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا مَتَّعَهَا بِخَادِمٍ ، أَوْ شِبْهَ ذَلِكَ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا أَمْتَعَهَا بِثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : أَوْسَطُ ذَلِكَ : دِرْعٌ وَخِمَارٌ وَمِلْحَفَةٌ وَجِلْبَابٌ . قَالَ : وَكَانَ شُرَيْحٌ يُمَتِّعُ بِخَمْسِمِائَةٍ . وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ : كَانَ يُمَتِّعُ بِالْخَادِمِ ، أَوْ بِالنَّفَقَةِ ، أَوْ بِالْكِسْوَةِ ، قَالَ : وَمَتَّعَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ قَالَتْ :مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ حَبِيبٍ مُفَارِقٍ وَذَهَبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، إِلَى أَنَّهُ مَتَى تَنَازَعَ الزَّوْجَانِ فِي مِقْدَارِ الْمُتْعَةِ وَجَبَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ مَهْرِ مِثْلِهَا . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a>فِي الْجَدِيدِ : لَا يُجْبَرُ الزَّوْجُ عَلَى قَدْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ ، إِلَّا عَلَى أَقَلِّ مَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمُ الْمُتْعَةِ ، وَأَحَبُّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَقَلُّهُ مَا تُجْزِئُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ . وَقَالَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ : لَا أَعْرِفُ فِي الْمُتْعَةِ قَدْرًا إِلَّا أَنِّي أَسْتَحْسِنُ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا ; لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا . <br /><br /> وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ أَيْضًا : هَلْ تَجِبُ الْمُتْعَةُ لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ ، أَوْ إِنَّمَا تَجِبُ الْمُتْعَةُ لِغَيْرِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهَا الَّتِي لَمْ يُفْرَضْ لَهَا ؟ عَلَى أَقْوَالٍ : <br /><br /> أَحَدُهَا : أَنَّهُ تَجِبُ الْمُتْعَةُ لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ ، لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 241 ] وَلِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا </a> ) [ الْأَحْزَابِ : 28 ] وَقَدْ كُنَّ مَفْرُوضًا لَهُنَّ وَمَدْخُولًا بِهِنَّ ، وَهَذَا [ ص: 642 ] قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11873"> وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ </a>، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ . وَهُوَ أَحَدُ قَوْلَيِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ ، </a>وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ الْجَدِيدَ الصَّحِيحَ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي : أَنَّهَا تَجِبُ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ قَبْلَ الْمَسِيسِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَفْرُوضًا لَهَا لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا </a> ) [ الْأَحْزَابِ : 49 ] قَالَ شُعْبَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>قَالَ : نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي الْأَحْزَابِ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي فِي الْبَقَرَةِ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=45"> وَأَبِي أُسَيْدٍ </a>أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُمَيْمَةَ بِنْتَ شَرَاحِيلَ ، فَلَمَّا أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَسَطَ يَدَهُ إِلَيْهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا كَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَمَرَ أَبَا أَسِيدٍ أَنْ يُجَهِّزَهَا وَيَكْسُوَهَا ثَوْبَيْنِ رَازِقِيَّيْنِ </a> . <br /><br /> وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّالِثُ : أَنَّ الْمُتْعَةَ إِنَّمَا تَجِبُ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا ، وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَجَبَ لَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ مُفَوَّضَةً ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ فَرَضَ لَهَا وَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ ، وَجَبَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ شَطْرُهُ ، فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا اسْتَقَرَّ الْجَمِيعُ ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِوَضًا لَهَا عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمُصَابَةُ الَّتِي لَمْ يُفْرَضْ لَهَا وَلَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا فَهَذِهِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ عَلَى وُجُوبِ مُتْعَتِهَا . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ . وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ : مَنِ اسْتَحَبَّهَا لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مِمَّنْ عَدَا الْمُفَوَّضَةَ الْمُفَارِقَةَ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ : وَهَذَا لَيْسَ بِمَنْكُورٍ وَعَلَيْهِ تُحْمَلُ آيَةُ التَّخْيِيرِ فِي الْأَحْزَابِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 241 ] . <br /><br /> وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ يَقُولُ : إِنَّهَا مُسْتَحَبَّةٌ مُطْلَقًا . قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرُ بْنُ شِهَابٍ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16717"> عَمْرٌو يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي قَيْسٍ </a>عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ : ذَكَرُوا لَهُ الْمُتْعَةَ ، أَيُحْبَسُ فِيهَا ؟ فَقَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=152#docu">عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ </a> ) قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا حَبَسَ فِيهَا ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَتْ وَاجِبَةً لَحَبَسَ فِيهَا الْقُضَاةُ . <br />154<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ( 237 ) ) <br /><br /> وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ مِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى اخْتِصَاصِ الْمُتْعَةِ بِمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى حَيْثُ إِنَّمَا أَوْجَبَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ نِصْفَ الْمَهْرِ الْمَفْرُوضِ ، وَإِذَا طَلَّقَ الزَّوْجُ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ثَمَّ وَاجِبٌ آخَرُ مِنْ [ ص: 643 ] مُتْعَةٍ لَبَيَّنَهَا لَا سِيَّمَا وَقَدْ قَرَنَهَا بِمَا قَبْلَهَا مِنَ اخْتِصَاصِ الْمُتْعَةِ بِتِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br />وَتَشْطِيرُ الصَّدَاقِ وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ أَمْرٌ مُجْمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ ، لَا خِلَافَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنَّهُ مَتَى كَانَ قَدْ سَمَّى لَهَا صَدَاقًا ثُمَّ فَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ دُخُولِهِ بِهَا ، فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ لَهَا نِصْفُ مَا سَمَّى مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عِنْدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ جَمِيعُ الصَّدَاقِ إِذَا خَلَا بِهَا الزَّوْجُ ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a>فِي الْقَدِيمِ ، وَبِهِ حَكَمُ الْخُلَفَاءُ الرَّاشِدُونَ ، لَكِنْ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a> : أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14429"> مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، </a>أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، </a>عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيَخْلُو بِهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا لَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ ; لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَإِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مَا فَرَضْتُمْ </a> ) قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a> : هَذَا أَقْوَى وَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ الْكِتَابِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13933"> الْبَيْهَقِيُّ </a> : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16861"> وَلَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ </a>وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ ، فَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَهُوَ يَقُولُهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ </a> ) أَيِ : النِّسَاءُ عَمَّا وَجَبَ لَهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا مِنَ النِّصْفِ ، فَلَا يَجِبُ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ . <br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ </a> ) قَالَ : إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْفُوَ الثَّيِّبُ فَتَدَعُ حَقَّهَا . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيِّ </a>، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَنَافِعٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11867"> وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16566"> وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ </a>، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a>، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ : وَخَالَفَهُمْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14980"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ </a>فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ </a> ) يَعْنِي : الرِّجَالُ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ شَاذٌّ لَمْ يُتَابَعْ عَلَيْهِ . انْتَهَى كَلَامُهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : ذَكَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [ قَالَ ] : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu"> " وَلِيُّ عُقْدَةِ النِّكَاحِ الزَّوْجُ </a> " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا أَسْنَدَهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16457"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ ، </a>بِهِ . وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ : عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : وَحَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ عِيسَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ شُرَيْحًا يَقُولُ : سَأَلَنِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=8"> عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ </a> [ ص: 644 ] عَنِ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ . فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : هُوَ وَلِيُّ الْمَرْأَةِ . فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ : لَا بَلْ هُوَ الزَّوْجُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَفِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=67"> وَجُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، وَشُرَيْحٍ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14577"> وَالشَّعْبِيِّ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَنَافِعٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14980"> وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11867"> وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ </a>، وَأَبِي مِجْلَزٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12444"> وَإِيَاسِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ </a>، وَمَكْحُولٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ </a> : أَنَّهُ الزَّوْجُ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَهَذَا هُوَ الْجَدِيدُ مِنْ قَوْلَيِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a>، وَمَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ . وَأَصْحَابِهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيِّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16438"> وَابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13760"> وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ </a>، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَمَأْخَذُ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ : أَنَّ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ حَقِيقَةً الزَّوْجُ ، فَإِنَّ بِيَدِهِ عَقْدَهَا وَإِبْرَامَهَا وَنَقْضَهَا وَانْهِدَامَهَا ، وَكَمَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْوَلِيِّ أَنْ يَهَبَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَالِ الْمُولِيَةِ لِلْغَيْرِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ فِي الصَّدَاقِ . <br /><br /> قَالَ : وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16666"> عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، </a>عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكَاحِ قَالَ : ذَلِكَ أَبُوهَا أَوْ أَخُوهَا ، أَوْ مَنْ لَا تُنْكَحُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16248"> وَطَاوُسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12300"> وَالزُّهْرِيِّ </a>، وَرَبِيعَةَ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ </a>فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ : أَنَّهُ الْوَلِيُّ . وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَقَوْلُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a>فِي الْقَدِيمِ ; وَمَأْخَذُهُ أَنَّ الْوَلِيَّ هُوَ الَّذِي أَكْسَبَهَا إِيَّاهُ ، فَلَهُ التَّصَرُّفُ فِيهِ بِخِلَافِ سَائِرِ مَالِهَا <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الرَّازِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16666"> عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، </a>عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ : أَذِنَ اللَّهُ فِي الْعَفْوِ وَأَمَرَ بِهِ ، فَأَيُّ امْرَأَةٍ عَفَتْ جَازَ عَفْوُهَا ، فَإِنْ شَحَّتْ وَضَنَّتْ عَفَا وَلِيُّهَا وَجَازَ عَفْوُهُ . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا يَقْتَضِي صِحَّةَ عَفْوِ الْوَلِيِّ ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ رَشِيدَةً ، وَهُوَ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ . لَكِنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّعْبِيُّ ، فَرَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَصَارَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ الزَّوْجُ وَكَانَ يُبَاهِلُ عَلَيْهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : خُوطِبَ بِهِ الرِّجَالُ ، وَالنِّسَاءُ . حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، سَمِعْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ </a>يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى </a> ) قَالَ : أَقْرَبُهُمَا لِلتَّقْوَى الَّذِي يَعْفُو . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيُّ </a> : الْفَضْلُ هَاهُنَا أَنْ تَعْفُوَ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنْ شَطْرِهَا ، أَوْ إِتْمَامُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّدَاقَ لَهَا . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ [ بَيْنَكُمْ ] </a> ) أَيِ : الْإِحْسَانَ ، قَالَهُ سَعِيدٌ . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16115"> وَأَبُوُ وَائِلٍ </a> : الْمَعْرُوفُ ، يَعْنِي : لَا تُهْمِلُوهُ بَلِ اسْتَعْمَلُوهُ بَيْنَكُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، [ ص: 645 ] حَدَّثَنَا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17416"> يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْوَصَّافِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=8"> عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، </a>أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu"> " لَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ عَضُوضٌ ، يَعَضُّ الْمُؤْمِنُ عَلَى مَا فِي يَدَيْهِ وَيَنْسَى الْفَضْلَ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ </a> ) شِرَارٌ يُبَايِعُونَ كُلَّ مُضْطَرٍّ ، وَقَدْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمُضْطَرِّ ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ خَيْرٌ فَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى أَخِيكَ ، وَلَا تَزِدْهُ هَلَاكًا إِلَى هَلَاكِهِ ، فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ لَا يَحْزُنُهُ وَلَا يَحْرِمُهُ " . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ عَوْنَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقُرَظِيِّ ، فَكَانَ عَوْنٌ يُحَدِّثُنَا وَلِحْيَتُهُ تُرَشُّ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ وَيَقُولُ : صَحِبْتُ الْأَغْنِيَاءَ فَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَكْثَرِهِمْ هَمًّا ، حِينَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ أَحْسَنَ ثِيَابًا ، وَأَطْيَبَ رِيحًا ، وَأَحْسَنَ مَرْكَبًا [ مِنِّي ] . وَجَالَسْتُ الْفُقَرَاءَ فَاسْتَرَحْتُ بِهِمْ ، وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُمْ </a> ) إِذَا أَتَاهُ السَّائِلُ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ شَيْءٌ فَلْيَدْعُ لَهُ : رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ . <br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=153#docu">إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أُمُورِكُمْ وَأَحْوَالِكُمْ ، وَسَيَجْزِي كُلَّ عَامِلٍ بِعَمَلِهِ . <br />155<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ( 238 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ </a> ( 239 ) ) <br /><br /> يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ فِي أَوْقَاتِهَا ، وَحِفْظِ حُدُودِهَا وَأَدَائِهَا فِي أَوْقَاتِهَا ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَيُّ الْعَمَلِ أَفْضَلُ ؟ قَالَ : " الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى وَقْتِهَا " . قُلْتُ : ثُمَّ أَيٌّ ؟ قَالَ : " الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " . قُلْتُ : ثُمَّ أَيٌّ ؟ قَالَ : " بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ " . قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي بِهِنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَوِ اسْتَزَدْتُهُ لَزَادَنِي </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ غَنَّامٍ ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ أَبِيهِ الدُّنْيَا ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ فَرْوَةَ وَكَانَتْ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَذَكَرَ الْأَعْمَالَ ، فَقَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعْجِيلُ الصَّلَاةِ لِأَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا </a> " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13948"> وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ </a>وَقَالَ : لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعُمَرِيِّ ، وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ : <br /><br /> وَخَصَّ تَعَالَى مِنْ بَيْنِهَا بِمَزِيدِ التَّأْكِيدِ الصَّلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى . وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ السَّلَفُ وَالْخَلَفُ فِيهَا : أَيُّ [ ص: 646 ] صَلَاةٍ هِيَ ؟ فَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا الصُّبْحُ . حَكَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ بَلَاغًا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a> [ قَالَ : مَالِكٌ : وَذَلِكَ رَأْيِي ] . وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13382"> وَابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ </a>، وَغُنْدَرٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16893"> وَابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ </a>، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، وَشَرِيكٌ وَغَيْرُهُمْ ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12004"> أَبِي رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيِّ </a>قَالَ : صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الْفَجْرَ ، فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى الَّتِي أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَقُومَ فِيهَا قَانِتِينَ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَوْفٍ ، عَنْ خِلَاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّهُ صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْبَصْرَةِ ، فَقَنَتَ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ وَقَالَ : هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الدَّامِغَانِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ قَالَ : صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=110"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ </a>بِالْبَصْرَةِ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ ، فَقُلْتُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، إِلَى جَانِبِي : مَا الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى ؟ قَالَ : هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ . <br /><br /> وَرُوِيَ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ أُخْرَى عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ : أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا قَالَ ، قُلْتُ لَهُمْ : أَيَّتُهُنَّ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى ؟ قَالُوا : الَّتِي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُهَا قَبْلُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَتَمَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15991"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، </a>عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=36"> جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>قَالَ : الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى : صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ . <br /><br /> وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَأَبِي أُمَامَةَ ، وَأَنَسٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11873"> وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16531"> وَعُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11867"> وَجَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ </a> . وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16439"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ </a>أَيْضًا وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ ، </a>رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، مُحْتَجًّا بِقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) وَالْقُنُوتُ عِنْدَهُ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ . [ وَنَقَلَهُ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَمُعَاذٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12"> وَابْنِ عُمَرَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=25"> وَعَائِشَةَ </a>عَلَى خِلَافٍ مِنْهُمْ ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى ، وَجَابِرٍ ، وَأَنَسٍ ، وَأَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16248"> وَطَاوُسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ] . <br /><br /> وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ : هِيَ الْوُسْطَى بِاعْتِبَارٍ أَنَّهَا لَا تُقْصَرُ ، وَهِيَ بَيْنَ صَلَاتَيْنِ رُبَاعِيَّتَيْنِ مَقْصُورَتَيْنِ . وَتَرُدُّ الْمَغْرِبُ . وَقِيلَ : لِأَنَّهَا بَيْنَ صَلَاتَيْ لَيْلٍ جَهْرِيَّتَيْنِ ، وَصَلَاتَيْ نَهَارٍ سِرِّيَّتَيْنِ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14724"> أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ </a>فِي مُسْنَدِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ ، عَنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ [ ص: 647 ] يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرٍو عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15928"> زُهْرَةَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَعْبَدٍ </a>قَالَ : كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، </a>فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى أُسَامَةَ ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، فَقَالَ : هِيَ الظُّهْرُ ، كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، يُصَلِّيهَا بِالْهَجِيرِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ [ الْإِمَامُ ] أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ ، سَمِعْتُ الزِّبْرِقَانَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةً أَشُدُّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مِنْهَا ، فَنَزَلَتْ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) وَقَالَ : " إِنَّ قَبْلَهَا صَلَاتَيْنِ وَبَعْدَهَا صَلَاتَيْنِ " ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي سُنَنِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ أَنَّ رَهْطًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مَرَّ بِهِمْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ ، </a>وَهُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ ، فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ غُلَامَيْنِ لَهُمْ ; يَسْأَلَانِهِ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، فَقَالَ : هِيَ الْعَصْرُ . فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ مِنْهُمْ فَسَأَلَاهُ ، فَقَالَ : هِيَ الظُّهْرُ . ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَسَأَلَاهُ ، فَقَالَ : هِيَ الظُّهْرُ ; إِنِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِالْهَجِيرِ ، فَلَا يَكُونُ وَرَاءَهُ إِلَّا الصَّفُّ وَالصَّفَّانِ ، وَالنَّاسُ فِي قَائِلَتِهِمْ وَفِي تِجَارَتِهِمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) قَالَ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " لَيَنْتَهِيَنَّ رِجَالٌ أَوْ لَأُحَرِّقَنَّ بُيُوتَهُمْ </a> " . <br /><br />الزِّبْرِقَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُمِّيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ ، لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَحَدًا مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ . وَالصَّحِيحُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِ ، عَنْ زُهْرَةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16561"> وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17258"> وَهُمَامٌ </a>، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، </a>عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ </a>قَالَ : الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى : صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14724"> أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ </a>وَغَيْرُهُ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، مِنْ وَلَدِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ </a>قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ </a>قَالَ : الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى هِيَ الظُّهْرُ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، بِهِ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، </a>فِي حَدِيثٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ : الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ . <br /><br /> وَمِمَّنْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهَا الظَّهْرُ : ابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=25"> وَعَائِشَةَ </a>عَلَى اخْتِلَافٍ عَنْهُمْ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ الْهَادِ . وَرِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ . قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالْبَغَوِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ : وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ عُلَمَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، وَقَالَ الْقَاضِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15151"> الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ </a> : وَهُوَ قَوْلُ جُمْهُورِ التَّابِعِينَ . وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ : هُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْأَثَرِ . وَقَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : هُوَ قَوْلُ جُمْهُورِ النَّاسِ . وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ [ ص: 648 ] أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بْنُ خَلَفٍ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْمُسَمَّى : " كَشْفُ الْمُغَطَّى ، فِي تَبْيِينِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى " : وَقَدْ نَصَرَ فِيهِ أَنَّهَا الْعَصْرُ ، وَحَكَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10"> وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ </a>، وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12"> وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=24"> وَسَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=41"> وَحَفْصَةَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=10583"> وَأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=54"> وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ </a> . وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=25"> وَعَائِشَةَ </a>عَلَى الصَّحِيحِ عَنْهُمْ . وَبِهِ قَالَ عَبِيدَةُ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12354"> وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15916"> وَزِرُّ بْنُ حُبَيْشٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16972"> وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ </a>، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالْكَلْبِيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلٌ ، وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ </a> . قَالَ الْقَاضِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15151"> الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ </a> : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> وَالشَّافِعِيُّ </a> . قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ : وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14954"> وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ </a>، وَمُحَمَّدٍ ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْمَالِكِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">ذِكْرُ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ : </span><br /><br /> قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ شُتَيْرِ بْنِ شَكَلٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ : " شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ ، مَلَأَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا </a> " . ثُمَّ صَلَّاهَا بَيْنَ الْعِشَاءَيْنِ : الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12156"> أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ الضَّرِيرِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>مِنْ طَرِيقِ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11870"> مُسْلِمِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ </a>عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى ، عَنْ شُتَيْرِ بْنِ شَكَلِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=8"> عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ </a>، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14152"> الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ </a>عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْجَزَّارِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَأَخْرَجَهُ الشَّيْخَانِ ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13948"> وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْمَسَانِدِ وَالسُّنَنِ ، وَالصِّحَاحِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ يَطُولُ ذِكْرُهَا ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>مِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14102"> الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ </a>، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، بِهِ . قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : وَلَا يُعْرَفُ سَمَاعَهُ مِنْهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ زِرٍّ : قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَبِيدَةَ : سَلْ عَلِيًّا عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، فَسَأَلَهُ ، فَقَالَ : كُنَّا نَرَاهَا الْفَجْرَ أَوِ الصُّبْحَ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ ، مَلَأَ اللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَأَجْوَافَهُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا </a> " وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ ، [ ص: 649 ] بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَحَدِيثُ يَوْمِ الْأَحْزَابِ ، وَشَغْلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَأَصْحَابَهُ عَنْ أَدَاءِ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ، مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ يُطَوُلُ ذِكْرُهُمْ ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمَقْصُودُ رِوَايَةُ مَنْ نَصَّ مِنْهُمْ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى : هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=48"> وَالْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ </a>رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُمَامٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى : صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَحَدَّثَنَا بَهْزٌ ، وَعَفَّانُ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) وَسَمَّاهَا لَنَا أَنَّهَا هِيَ : صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ . <br /><br /> وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، وَرَوْحٌ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " هِيَ الْعَصْرُ " </a> . قَالَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ : سُئِلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى . <br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12514"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ </a>، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ . وَقَالَ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ : وَقَدْ سُمِعَ مِنْهُ . <br /><br /> [ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ ] : وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ </a> " . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى ، بَلْ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرَشِيُّ الْوَاسِطِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15500"> الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ </a> . قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي صَدَقَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ دِهْقَانَ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَبَلَانَ ، عَنْ كُهَيْلِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ . قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">سُئِلَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، فَقَالَ : اخْتَلَفْنَا فِيهَا كَمَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهَا ، وَنَحْنُ بِفِنَاءِ بَيْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَفِينَا الرَّجُلُ الصَالِحٍ : أَبُو هَاشِمِ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ ، فَقَالَ : أَنَا أَعْلَمُ لَكُمْ ذَلِكَ : فَقَامَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ </a>غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ جِدًّا . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَصِيرٍ حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ قَالَ : كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ [ ص: 650 ] مَرْوَانَ فَقَالَ : يَا فُلَانُ ، اذْهَبْ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَقُلْ لَهُ : أَيَّ شَيْءٍ سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ جَالِسٌ : أَرْسَلَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ صَغِيرٌ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى ، فَأَخَذَ إِصْبَعِيَ الصَّغِيرَةَ فَقَالَ : هَذِهِ الْفَجْرُ ، وَقَبَضَ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا ، فَقَالَ : هَذِهِ الظُّهْرُ . ثُمَّ قَبَضَ الْإِبْهَامَ ، فَقَالَ : هَذِهِ الْمَغْرِبُ . ثُمَّ قَبَضَ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا ، فَقَالَ : هَذِهِ الْعِشَاءُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَيُّ أَصَابِعِكَ بَقِيَتْ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : الْوُسْطَى . فَقَالَ : أَيُّ الصَّلَاةِ بَقِيَتْ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : الْعَصْرُ . فَقَالَ : هِيَ الْعَصْرُ . غَرِيبٌ أَيْضًا . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ الطَّائِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنِي ضَمْضَمُ بْنُ زُرْعَةَ ، عَنْ شُرَيْحِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ " </a> . إِسْنَادُهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13053"> أَبُو حَاتِمِ بْنُ حِبَّانَ </a>فِي صَحِيحِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13952"> أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا الْجَرَّاحُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَاصِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ مُوَرِّقٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ الْيَامِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17058"> مُرَّةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ ، </a>عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ </a>ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . <br /><br /> وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، بِهِ وَلَفْظُهُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ </a> " الْحَدِيثَ . <br /><br /> فَهَذِهِ نُصُوصٌ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ لَا تَحْتَمِلُ شَيْئًا ، وَيُؤَكِّدُ ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَيْهَا ، وَقَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " مَنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَكَأَنَّمَا وَتِرَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ " </a> . وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ أَيْضًا ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17298"> يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، </a>عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَاجِرِ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْبِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " بَكِّرُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي يَوْمِ الْغَيْمِ ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ " </a> .[ ص: 651 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي تَمِيمٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ أَبِي بَصْرَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ قَالَ : صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي وَادٍ مِنْ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : الْمُخَمَّصُ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ عُرِضَتْ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ فَضَيَّعُوهَا ، أَلَا وَمَنْ صَلَّاهَا ضُعِّفَ لَهُ أَجْرُهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، أَلَا وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَهَا حَتَّى تَرَوُا الشَّاهِدَ " </a> . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ : رَوَاهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ ، عَنْ خَيْرِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ . وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ خَيْرِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ السَّبَائِيِّ . <br /><br /> فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، </a>عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ قَالَ : أَمَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ أَنْ أَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفًا ، قَالَتْ : إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) فَآذِنِّي . فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُهَا آذَنْتُهَا ، فَأَمْلَتْ عَلَيَّ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " قَالَتْ : سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17245"> هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ </a>عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : كَانَ فِي مُصْحَفِ عَائِشَةَ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَهِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ " . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14102"> الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ </a> : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَرَأَهَا كَذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15944"> زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ </a>عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَافِعٍ قَالَ : كُنْتُ أَكْتُبُ مُصْحَفًا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=41"> لِحَفْصَةَ </a>زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) فَآذِنِّي فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُهَا آذَنْتُهَا . فَأَمْلَتْ عَلَيَّ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17191"> وَنَافِعٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ </a> : أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ قَالَ . . . فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَزَادَ : كَمَا حَفِظْتُهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ[ ص: 652 ] <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى عَنْ حَفْصَةَ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15573"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْأَزْدِيِّ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15959"> سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a> : أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ أَمَرَتْ إِنْسَانًا أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفًا ، فَقَالَتْ : إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) فَآذِنِّي . فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ آذَنَهَا فَقَالَتِ : اكْتُبْ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ " . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ أَمَرَتْ مَوْلًى لَهَا أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفًا فَقَالَتْ : إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى " فَلَا تَكْتُبْهَا حَتَّى أُمْلِيَهَا عَلَيْكَ كَمَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْرُأَهَا . فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا أَمَرَتْهُ فَكَتَبَهَا : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " . قَالَ نَافِعٌ : فَقَرَأْتُ ذَلِكَ الْمُصْحَفَ فَرَأَيْتُ فِيهِ " الْوَاوَ " . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16531"> وَعُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ </a>أَنَّهُمَا قَرَآ كَذَلِكَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ : كَانَ فِي مُصْحَفِ حَفْصَةَ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ " . وَتَقْرِيرُ الْمُعَارَضَةِ أَنَّهُ عَطَفَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى بِوَاوِ الْعَطْفِ الَّتِي تَقْتَضِي الْمُغَايَرَةَ ، فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا غَيْرُهَا وَأُجِيبَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِوُجُوهٍ : أَحَدُهَا أَنَّ هَذَا إِنْ رُوِيَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ خَبَرٌ ، فَحَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ أَصَحُّ وَأَصْرَحُ مِنْهُ ، وَهَذَا يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ الْوَاوُ زَائِدَةً ، كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَكَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ وَلِتَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ </a> ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 55 ] ، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَكَذَلِكَ نُرِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ مَلَكُوتَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلِيَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُوقِنِينَ </a> ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 75 ] ، أَوْ تَكُونَ لِعَطْفِ الصِّفَاتِ لَا لِعَطْفِ الذَّوَاتِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَلَكِنْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ </a> ) [ الْأَحْزَابِ : 40 ] ، وَكَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَسَوَّى </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَى </a> ) [ الْأَعْلَى 14 ] وَأَشْبَاهُ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرَةٌ ، وَقَالَ الشَّاعِرُ : إِلَى الْمَلِكِ الْقَرْمِ وَابْنِ الْهُمَامِ وَلَيْثِ الْكَتِيبَةِ فِي الْمُزْدَحَمِ <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو دُؤَادٍ الْإِيَادِيُّ : <br /><br />سَلَّطَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْمَنُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَهُمْ فِي صَدَى الْمَقَابِرِ هَامُ <br /><br /> وَالْمَوْتُ هُوَ الْمَنُونُ ; قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16559"> عَدِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْعَبَّادِيُّ </a> : <br /><br />فَقَدَّمْتُ الْأَدِيمَ لِرَاهِشِيهِ فَأَلْفَى قَوْلَهَا كَذِبًا وَمَيْنَا <br /><br /> وَالْكَذِبُ : هُوَ الْمَيْنُ ، وَقَدْ نَصَّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16076"> سِيبَوَيْهِ </a>شَيْخُ النُّحَاةِ عَلَى جَوَازِ قَوْلِ الْقَائِلِ : مَرَرْتُ بِأَخِيكَ وَصَاحِبِكَ ، وَيَكُونُ الصَّاحِبُ هُوَ الْأَخَ نَفْسَهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .[ ص: 653 ] <br /><br /> وَأَمَّا إِنْ رُوِيَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ قُرْآنٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَوَاتَرْ ، فَلَا يَثْبُتُ بِمِثْلِ خَبَرِ الْوَاحِدِ قُرْآنٌ ; وَلِهَذَا لَمْ يُثْبِتْهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=7"> عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ </a>فِي الْمُصْحَفِ الْإِمَامِ ، وَلَا قَرَأَ بِذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْقُرَّاءِ الَّذِينَ تَثْبُتُ الْحُجَّةُ بِقِرَاءَتِهِمْ ، لَا مِنَ السَّبْعَةِ وَلَا غَيْرِهِمْ . ثُمَّ قَدْ رُوِيَ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى نَسْخِ هَذِهِ التِّلَاوَةِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17294"> يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ ، </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16796"> فُضَيْلِ بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ ، </a>عَنْ شَقِيقِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=48"> الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ ، </a>قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ : " حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ " فَقَرَأْنَاهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، ثُمَّ نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَأَنْزَلَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى </a> ) فَقَالَ لَهُ زَاهِرٌ رَجُلٌ كَانَ مَعَ شَقِيقٍ : أَفَهِيَ الْعَصْرُ ؟ قَالَ : قَدْ حَدَّثْتُكَ كَيْفَ نَزَلَتْ ، وَكَيْفَ نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . <br /><br /> قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ : وَرَوَاهُ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَشَقِيقٌ هَذَا لَمْ يَرْوِ لَهُ مُسْلِمٌ سِوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْوَاحِدِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . فَعَلَى هَذَا تَكُونُ هَذِهِ التِّلَاوَةُ ، وَهِيَ تِلَاوَةُ الْجَادَّةِ ، نَاسِخَةً لِلَفْظِ رِوَايَةِ عَائِشَةَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=41"> وَحَفْصَةَ ، </a>وَلِمَعْنَاهَا ، إِنْ كَانَتِ الْوَاوُ دَالَّةً عَلَى الْمُغَايَرَةِ ، وَإِلَّا فَلِلَفْظِهَا فَقَطْ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ نَظَرٌ ; فَإِنَّهُ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجُمَاهِرِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15991"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ، </a>عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى : الْمَغْرِبُ . وَحَكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16812"> قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ </a>وَحُكِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَلَى اخْتِلَافٍ عَنْهُ . وَوَجَّهَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِأَنَّهَا : وُسْطَى فِي الْعَدَدِ بَيْنَ الرُّبَاعِيَّةِ وَالثُّنَائِيَّةِ ، وَبِأَنَّهَا وِتْرُ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ ، وَبِمَا جَاءَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْفَضِيلَةِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ ، اخْتَارَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْوَاحِدِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ الْمَشْهُورِ : وَقِيلَ : هِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ ، لَا بِعَيْنِهَا ، وَأُبْهِمَتْ فِيهِنَّ ، كَمَا أُبْهِمَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ فِي الْحَوْلِ أَوِ الشَّهْرِ أَوِ الْعَشْرِ . وَيُحْكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16097"> وَشُرَيْحٍ الْقَاضِي </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17191"> وَنَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14355"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ ، </a>وَنُقِلَ أَيْضًا عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ </a>، وَاخْتَارَهُ إِمَامُ الْحَرَمَيْنِ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ فِي نِهَايَتِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : بَلِ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى مَجْمُوعُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ ، رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَفِي صِحَّتِهِ أَيْضًا نَظَرٌ وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ اخْتَارَهُ الشَّيْخُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13332"> أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ النَّمِرِيُّ ، </a>إِمَامُ مَا وَرَاءَ الْبَحْرِ ، وَإِنَّهَا لِإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ ، إِذِ اخْتَارَهُ مَعَ اطِّلَاعِهِ وَحِفْظِهِ مَا لَمْ يَقُمْ عَلَيْهِ دَلِيلٌ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ وَلَا أَثَرٍ . وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْعِشَاءِ وَصَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ ، وَقِيلَ : بَلْ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ . وَقِيلَ : صَلَاةُ الْجُمُعَةِ . وَقِيلَ : صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ . وَقِيلَ : بَلْ صَلَاةُ عِيدِ الْفِطْرِ . وَقِيلَ : بَلْ صَلَاةُ عِيدِ الْأَضْحَى . وَقِيلَ : الْوِتْرُ . وَقِيلَ : الضُّحَى . وَتَوَقَّفَ فِيهَا آخَرُونَ لَمَّا تَعَارَضَتْ عِنْدَهُمُ الْأَدِلَّةُ ، وَلَمْ يَظْهَرْ لَهُمْ وَجْهُ التَّرْجِيحِ . وَلَمْ يَقَعِ الْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى قَوْلٍ وَاحِدٍ ، بَلْ لَمْ يَزَلِ التَّنَازُعُ فِيهَا مَوْجُودًا مِنْ زَمَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَإِلَى الْآنَ [ ص: 654 ] <br /><br /> قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15573"> مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ </a>وَابْنُ مُثَنَّى ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>قَالَ : كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى هَكَذَا ، وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ . <br /><br /> [ وَقَدْ حَكَى فَخْرُ الدِّينِ الرَّازِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ قَوْلًا عَنْ جَمْعٍ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مِنْهُمْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=47"> زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14355"> وَرَبِيعُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ </a> : أَنَّهَا لَمْ يَرِدْ بَيَانُهَا ، وَإِنَّمَا أُرِيدَ إِبْهَامُهَا ، كَمَا أُبْهِمَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ، وَسَاعَةُ الْإِجَابَةِ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ ، وَالِاسْمُ الْأَعْظَمُ فِي أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، وَوَقْتُ الْمَوْتِ عَلَى الْمُكَلَّفِ ; لِيَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ مُسْتَعِدًّا ، وَكَذَا أُبْهِمَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي يَنْزِلُ فِيهَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَبَاءٌ لِيَحَذَرَهَا النَّاسُ ، وَيُعْطُوا الْأُهْبَةَ دَائِمًا ، وَكَذَا وَقْتُ السَّاعَةِ اسْتَأْثَرَ اللَّهُ بِعِلْمِهِ ; فَلَا تَأْتِي إِلَّا بَغْتَةً ] . <br /><br /> وَكُلُّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالِ فِيهَا ضَعْفٌ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا ، وَإِنَّمَا الْمَدَارُ وَمُعْتَرَكُ النِّزَاعِ فِي الصُّبْحِ وَالْعَصْرِ . وَقَدْ ثَبَتَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِأَنَّهَا الْعَصْرُ ، فَتَعَيَّنَ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ " فَضَائِلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ " رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، سَمِعْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ بْنَ يَحْيَى التُّجِيبِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيُّ </a> : كُلُّ مَا قُلْتُ فَكَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خِلَافَ قَوْلِي مِمَّا يَصِحُّ ، فَحَدِيثُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْلَى ، وَلَا تُقَلِّدُونِي . وَكَذَا رَوَى الرَّبِيعُ وَالزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12251"> وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ </a>، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a> . وَقَالَ مُوسَى أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ </a> : إِذَا صَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ وَقُلْتُ قَوْلًا فَأَنَا رَاجِعٌ عَنْ قَوْلِي وَقَائِلٌ بِذَلِكَ . فَهَذَا مِنْ سِيَادَتِهِ وَأَمَانَتِهِ ، وَهَذَا نَفْسُ إِخْوَانِهِ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ آمِينَ . وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا قَطَعَ الْقَاضِي <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15151"> الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ </a>بِأَنَّ مَذْهَبَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ ، </a>رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ نَصَّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَغَيْرِهِ أَنَّهَا الصُّبْحُ ، لِصِحَّةِ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّهَا الْعَصْرُ ، وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ مُحَدِّثِي الْمَذْهَبِ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . وَمِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ فِي الْمَذْهَبِ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هِيَ الْعَصْرُ مَذْهَبًا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> لِلشَّافِعِيِّ ، </a>وَصَمَّمُوا عَلَى أَنَّهَا الصُّبْحُ قَوْلًا وَاحِدًا . قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15151"> الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ </a> : وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَكَى فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ قَوْلَيْنِ ، وَلِتَقْرِيرِ الْمُعَارَضَاتِ وَالْجَوَابَاتِ مَوْضِعٌ آخَرُ غَيْرُ هَذَا ، وَقَدْ أَفْرَدْنَاهُ عَلَى حِدَةٍ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : خَاشِعِينَ ذَلِيلِينَ مُسْتَكِينِينَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ، وَهَذَا الْأَمْرُ مُسْتَلْزِمٌ تَرْكَ الْكَلَامِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، لِمُنَافَاتِهِ إِيَّاهَا ; وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا امْتَنَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الرَّدِّ عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ حِينَ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ ، وَقَالَ . " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">إِنَّ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَشُغْلًا " </a>، وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ [ السُّلَمِيِّ ] حِينَ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " إِنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّاسِ ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ التَّسْبِيحُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ وَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ </a> " . [ ص: 655 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ شُبَيْلٍ ، عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12112"> أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ ، </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُكَلِّمُ صَاحِبَهُ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فِي الْحَاجَةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) فَأُمِرْنَا بِالسُّكُوتِ . رَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ سِوَى ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ، بِهِ ، مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ أَشْكَلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ ، حَيْثُ ثَبَتَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّ تَحْرِيمَ الْكَلَامِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ ، قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَبَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ ، كَمَا دَلَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الَّذِي فِي الصَّحِيحِ ، قَالَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">كُنَّا نُسَلِّمُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ نُهَاجِرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْنَا ، قَالَ : فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ ، فَأَخَذَنِي مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنِّي لَمْ أَرُدَّ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنِّي كُنْتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ ، وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَحْدَثَ أَلَّا تَكَلَّمُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ مَعَ مَنْ قَدِمَ ، فَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ </a> ) مَدَنِيَّةٌ بِلَا خِلَافٍ ، فَقَالَ قَائِلُونَ : إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=68"> زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ </a>بِقَوْلِهِ : " كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُكَلِّمُ أَخَاهُ فِي حَاجَتِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ " الْإِخْبَارَ عَنْ جِنْسِ النَّاسِ ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ ذَلِكَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بِحَسْبِ مَا فَهِمَهُ مِنْهَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ إِلَيْهَا ، وَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أُبِيحَ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، وَحُرِّمَ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، كَمَا اخْتَارَ ذَلِكَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا وَغَيْرُهُمْ ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَظْهَرُ . وَاللَّهُ أَيْضًا أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12201"> الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى </a> : حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15535"> بِشْرُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، </a>حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، عَنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : كُنَّا يُسَلِّمُ بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، فَمَرَرْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ ، فَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ : " وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ ، أَيُّهَا الْمُسَلِّمُ ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، يُحْدِثُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ فَإِذَا كُنْتُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَاقْنُتُوا وَلَا تَكَلَّمُوا " </a> . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ </a> ) لَمَّا أَمَرَ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ بِالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ ، وَالْقِيَامِ بِحُدُودِهَا ، وَشَدَّدَ الْأَمْرَ بِتَأْكِيدِهَا ذَكَرَ الْحَالَ الَّتِي يَشْتَغِلُ الشَّخْصُ فِيهَا عَنْ أَدَائِهَا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الْأَكْمَلِ ، وَهِيَ حَالُ الْقِتَالِ وَالْتِحَامِ الْحَرْبِ فَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا </a> ) أَيْ : فَصَلُّوا عَلَى أَيِّ حَالٍ كَانَ ، رِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانَا : يَعْنِي : مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ [ ص: 656 ] وَغَيْرَ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا كَمَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ : أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ وَصَفَهَا . ثُمَّ قَالَ : فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفٌ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ صَلَّوْا رِجَالًا عَلَى أَقْدَامِهِمْ ، أَوْ رُكْبَانَا مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةِ أَوْ غَيْرَ مُسْتَقْبِلِيهَا . قَالَ نَافِعٌ : لَا أَرَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ وَمُسْلِمٌ وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>أَيْضًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17177"> مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ </a>عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : نَحْوَهُ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهُ وَلِمُسْلِمٍ أَيْضًا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفٌ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَصَلِّ رَاكِبًا أَوْ قَائِمًا تُومِئُ إِيمَاءً . <br /><br /> وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ لَمَّا بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ الْهُذَلِيِّ لِيَقْتُلَهُ وَكَانَ نَحْوَ عَرَفَةَ أَوْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَلَمَّا وَاجَهَهُ حَانَتْ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ قَالَ : فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ تَفُوتَنِي فَجَعَلْتُ أُصَلِّي وَأَنَا أُومِئُ إِيمَاءً . الْحَدِيثُ بِطُولِهِ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ بِإِسْنَادٍ جَيِّدٍ وَهَذَا مِنْ رُخَصِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي رَخَّصَ لِعِبَادِهِ وَوَضْعِهِ الْآصَارَ وَالْأَغْلَالَ عَنْهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ شَبِيبِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : يُصَلِّي الرَّاكِبُ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ وَالرَّاجِلُ عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ . قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَمَكْحُولٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a>وَالْحَكَمِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16867"> وَمَالِكٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13760"> وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> وَالثَّوْرِيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14117"> وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ </a>نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ وَزَادُوا : يُومِئُ بِرَأْسِهِ أَيْنَمَا تَوَجَّهَ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=36"> جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>قَالَ : إِذَا كَانَتِ الْمُسَايَفَةُ فَلْيُومِئْ بِرَأْسِهِ [ إِيمَاءً ] حَيْثُ كَانَ وَجْهُهُ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا </a> ) <br /><br /> وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَمُجَاهِدٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15992"> وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>وَعَطِيَّةَ وَالْحَكَمِ وَحَمَّادٍ وَقَتَادَةَ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ فِيمَا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ ، إِلَى أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ تُفْعَلُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْيَانِ رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً إِذَا تَلَاحَمَ الْجَيْشَانِ ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ يَنْزِلُ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16935"> وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12118"> أَبِي عَوَانَةَ الْوَضَّاحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ </a>زَادَ مُسْلِمٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a> : وَأَيُّوبُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ الْكُوفِيِّ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا ، وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَفِي الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً </a>وَبِهِ قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14102"> الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ </a>وَقَتَادَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَغَيْرُهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ الْحَكَمَ وَحَمَّادًا وَقَتَادَةَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْمُسَايَفَةِ ، فَقَالُوا : رَكْعَةٌ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْهُمْ سَوَاءً . [ ص: 657 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو السَّكُونِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ الْفَقِيرُ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=36"> جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ </a>قَالَ : صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ . رَكْعَةٌ وَاخْتَارَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : " بَابُ الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَ مُنَاهَضَةِ الْحُصُونِ وَلِقَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ " وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ : إِنْ كَانَ تَهَيَّأَ الْفَتْحُ ، وَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ صَلُّوا إِيمَاءً كُلُّ امْرِئٍ لِنَفْسِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الْإِيمَاءِ أَخَّرُوا الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى يَنْكَشِفَ الْقِتَالُ أَوْ يَأْمَنُوا فَيُصَلُّوا رَكْعَتَيْنِ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا صَلَّوْا رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا لَا يُجْزِئُهُمُ التَّكْبِيرُ وَيُؤَخِّرُونَهَا حَتَّى يَأْمَنُوا . وَبِهِ قَالَ مَكْحُولٌ وَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ : حَضَرْتُ مُنَاهَضَةَ حِصْنِ تُسْتَرُ عِنْدَ إِضَاءَةِ الْفَجْرِ ، وَاشْتَدَّ اشْتِعَالُ الْقِتَالِ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمْ نُصَلِّ إِلَّا بَعْدَ ارْتِفَاعِ النَّهَارِ فَصَلَّيْنَاهَا وَنَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى فَفُتِحَ لَنَا . قَالَ أَنَسٌ : وَمَا يَسُرُّنِي بِتِلْكَ الصَّلَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا . <br /><br /> هَذَا لَفْظُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيِّ </a>ثُمَّ اسْتُشْهِدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ تَأْخِيرِهِ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ بِعُذْرِ الْمُحَارَبَةِ إِلَى غَيْبُوبَةِ الشَّمْسِ وَبِقَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ لَمَّا جَهَّزَهُمْ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu"> " لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمُ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ </a> " ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَصَلَّوْا وَقَالُوا : لَمْ يُرِدْ مِنَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، إِلَّا تَعْجِيلَ السَّيْرِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَدْرَكَتْهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَى أَنْ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَلَمْ يُعَنِّفْ وَاحِدًا مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ . وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى اخْتِيَارِ الْبُخَارِيِّ لِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ ، وَالْجُمْهُورُ عَلَى خِلَافِهِ وَيُعَوِّلُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ عَلَى الصِّفَةِ الَّتِي وَرَدَ بِهَا الْقُرْآنُ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَوَرَدَتْ بِهَا الْأَحَادِيثُ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَشْرُوعَةً فِي غَزْوَةِ الْخَنْدَقِ ، وَإِنَّمَا شُرِعَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ جَاءَ مُصَرَّحًا بِهَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ وَأَمَّا مَكْحُولٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13760"> وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> وَالْبُخَارِيُّ </a>فَيُجِيبُونَ بِأَنَّ مَشْرُوعِيَّةَ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لَا تُنَافِي جَوَازَ ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّ هَذَا حَالٌ نَادِرٌ خَاصٌّ فَيَجُوزُ فِيهِ مِثْلُ مَا قُلْنَا بِدَلِيلِ صَنِيعِ الصَّحَابَةِ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ فِي فَتْحِ تُسْتَرَ وَقَدِ اشْتُهِرَ وَلَمْ يُنْكَرْ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ </a> ) أَيْ : أَقِيمُوا صَلَاتَكُمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا رُكُوعَهَا وَسُجُودَهَا وَقِيَامَهَا وَقُعُودَهَا وَخُشُوعَهَا وَهُجُودَهَا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">كَمَا عَلَّمَكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ </a> ) أَيْ : مِثْلَ مَا أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَهَدَاكُمْ لِلْإِيمَانِ وَعَلَّمَكُمْ مَا يَنْفَعُكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، فَقَابِلُوهُ بِالشُّكْرِ وَالذِّكْرِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 103 ] وَسَتَأْتِي الْأَحَادِيثُ الْوَارِدَةُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ وَصِفَاتِهَا فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=154#docu">وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ النِّسَاءِ : 102 ] </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 658 ]</span></b>. <br /><br />156<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ </a> ( 240 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> ( 241 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ </a> ( 242 ) ) <br /><br /> قَالَ الْأَكْثَرُونَ : هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِالَّتِي قَبْلَهَا وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا </a> ) <br /><br /> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أُمَيَّةُ حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17360"> يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ </a>عَنْ حَبِيبٍ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12531"> ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ </a>، قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ : قُلْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا </a> ) قَدْ نَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَلِمَ تَكْتُبُهَا أَوْ تَدَعُهَا ؟ قَالَ : يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ . <br /><br /> وَمَعْنَى هَذَا الْإِشْكَالِ الَّذِي قَالَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ لِعُثْمَانَ : إِذَا كَانَ حُكْمُهَا قَدْ نُسِخَ بِالْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهَرِ فَمَا الْحِكْمَةُ فِي إِبْقَاءِ رَسْمِهَا مَعَ زَوَالِ حُكْمِهَا ، وَبَقَاءِ رَسْمِهَا بَعْدَ الَّتِي نَسَخَتْهَا يُوهِمُ بَقَاءَ حُكْمِهَا ؟ فَأَجَابَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ تَوْقِيفِيٌّ ، وَأَنَا وَجَدْتُهَا مُثَبَّتَةً فِي الْمُصْحَفِ كَذَلِكَ بَعْدَهَا فَأُثْبِتُهَا حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُهَا . <br /><br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15697"> حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ </a>عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ </a>وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ </a> ) فَكَانَ لِلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا نَفَقَتُهَا وَسُكْنَاهَا فِي الدَّارِ سَنَةً ، فَنَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمَوَارِيثِ فَجُعِلَ لَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ أَوِ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الزَّوْجُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=110"> أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ </a>، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٍ </a>وَالْحَسَنِ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ </a>، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16566"> وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ </a> : أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ . <br /><br /> وَرُوِيَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ اعْتَدَّتْ سَنَةً فِي بَيْتِهِ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَعْدُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا </a> ) <br /><br /> فَهَذِهِ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَامِلًا فَعِدَّتُهَا أَنْ تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ [ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ ] </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 12 ] فَبَيَّنَ مِيرَاثَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَتَرَكَ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَالنَّفَقَةَ . <br /><br /> قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَقَتَادَةَ وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَالرَّبِيعِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17132"> وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ </a>، قَالُوا : نَسَخَتْهَا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا </a> <br /><br /> قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15990"> سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ </a>قَالَ : نَسْخَتْهَا الَّتِي فِي الْأَحْزَابِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ [ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ ] </a> ) [ الْأَحْزَابِ : 49 ] . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ [ مُقَاتِلٍ وَ ] قَتَادَةَ : أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ [ ص: 659 ] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a> : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ حَدَّثَنَا شِبْلٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا </a> ) قَالَ : كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِدَّةُ ، تَعْتَدُّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا وَاجِبٌ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ </a> ) قَالَ : جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهَا تَمَامَ السَّنَةِ سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً وَصِيَّةً إِنْ شَاءَتْ سَكَنَتْ فِي وَصِيَّتِهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءَتْ خَرَجَتْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ </a> ) فَالْعِدَّةُ كَمَا هِيَ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْهَا ، زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ : وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عِدَّتَهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا فَتَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ </a> ) قَالَ عَطَاءٌ : إِنْ شَاءَتِ اعْتَدَّتْ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا وَسَكَنَتْ فِي وَصِيَّتِهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءَتْ خَرَجَتْ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ [ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ ] </a> ) قَالَ عَطَاءٌ : ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَنَسَخَ السُّكْنَى ، فَتَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَلَا سُكْنَى لَهَا . ثُمَّ أَسْنَدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12070"> الْبُخَارِيُّ </a>عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ عَنْهُ . <br /><br /> فَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ الَّذِي عَوَّلَ عَلَيْهِ مُجَاهِدٌ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16568"> وَعَطَاءٌ </a>مِنْ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ لَمْ تَدُلَّ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الِاعْتِدَادِ سَنَةً كَمَا زَعَمَهُ الْجُمْهُورُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ مَنْسُوخًا بِالْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهَرِ وَعَشْرٍ ، وَإِنَّمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنْ بَابِ الْوَصَاةِ بِالزَّوْجَاتِ أَنْ يُمَكَّنَّ مِنَ السُّكْنَى فِي بُيُوتِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِمْ حَوْلًا كَامِلًا إِنِ اخْتَرْنَ ذَلِكَ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ </a> ) أَيْ : يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِنَّ وَصِيَّةً كَقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ النِّسَاءِ : 11 ] وَقَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 12 ] وَقِيلَ : إِنَّمَا انْتَصَبَ عَلَى مَعْنَى : فَلْتُوصُوا بِهِنَّ وَصِيَّةً . وَقَرَأَ آخَرُونَ بِالرَّفْعِ " وَصِيَّةٌ " عَلَى مَعْنَى : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَصِيَّةٌ وَاخْتَارَهَا ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَلَا يُمْنَعْنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ </a> ) فَأَمَّا إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ بِالْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ وَالْعَشْرِ أَوْ بِوَضْعِ الْحَمْلِ ، وَاخْتَرْنَ الْخُرُوجَ وَالِانْتِقَالَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَنْزِلِ فَإِنَّهُنَّ لَا يُمْنَعْنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي مَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ </a> ) وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ لَهُ اتِّجَاهٌ ، وَفِي اللَّفْظِ مُسَاعَدَةٌ لَهُ ، وَقَدِ اخْتَارَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمُ : الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ وَرَدَّهُ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمُ : الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ وَمَنْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مَنْسُوخٌ بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ إِنْ أَرَادُوا مَا زَادَ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَالْعَشْرِ فَمُسَلَّمٌ ، وَإِنْ أَرَادُوا أَنَّ سُكْنَى الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهَرِ وَعَشْرٍ لَا تَجِبُ فِي تَرِكَةِ الْمَيِّتِ فَهَذَا مَحَلُّ خِلَافٍ بَيْنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ، وَهُمَا قَوْلَانِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> لِلشَّافِعِيِّ </a>رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلُّوا عَلَى وُجُوبِ السُّكْنَى فِي مَنْزِلِ الزَّوْجِ بِمَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي مُوَطَّئِهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">أَنَّ الْفُرَيْعَةَ بِنْتَ مَالِكِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ وَهِيَ أُخْتُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَخْبَرَتْهَا : أَنَّهَا جَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ ، فَإِنَّ زَوْجَهَا خَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ أَبَقُوا ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِطَرَفِ الْقُدُومِ لَحِقَهُمْ فَقَتَلُوهُ . قَالَتْ : فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [ ص: 660 ] أَنْ أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي فِي بَنِي خُدْرَةَ فَإِنَّ زَوْجِي لَمْ يَتْرُكْنِي فِي مَسْكَنٍ يَمْلِكُهُ وَلَا نَفَقَةٍ قَالَتْ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " نَعَمْ " قَالَتْ : فَانْصَرَفْتُ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي الْحُجْرَةِ نَادَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ أَمَرَ بِي فَنُودِيْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ : " كَيْفَ قُلْتِ ؟ " فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ مِنْ شَأْنِ زَوْجِي . فَقَالَ : " امْكُثِي فِي بَيْتِكِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ " قَالَتْ : فَاعْتَدَدْتُ فِيهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا . قَالَتْ : فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَقَضَى بِهِ </a> . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13948"> وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> وَالنَّسَائِيُّ </a>مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ بِهِ ، وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15397"> النَّسَائِيُّ </a>أَيْضًا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13478"> وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ </a>مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بِهِ ، وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> ) قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 236 ] قَالَ رَجُلٌ : إِنْ شِئْتُ أَحْسَنْتُ فَفَعَلْتُ وَإِنْ شِئْتُ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ </a> ) وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِلَى وُجُوبِ الْمُتْعَةِ لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ مُفَوَّضَةً أَوْ مَفْرُوضًا لَهَا أَوْ مُطَلَّقًا قَبْلَ الْمَسِيسِ أَوْ مَدْخُولًا بِهَا ، وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13790"> الشَّافِعِيِّ ، </a>رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ . وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَمَنْ لَمْ يُوجِبْهَا مُطْلَقًا يُخَصِّصُ مِنْ هَذَا الْعُمُومَ بِمَفْهُومِ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ أَوْ تَفْرِضُوا لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ مَتَاعًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُحْسِنِينَ </a> ) وَأَجَابَ الْأَوَّلُونَ : بِأَنَّ هَذَا مِنْ بَابِ ذِكْرِ بَعْضِ أَفْرَادِ الْعُمُومِ فَلَا تَخْصِيصَ عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ الْمَنْصُورِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ </a> ) أَيْ : فِي إِحْلَالِهِ وَتَحْرِيمِهِ وَفُرُوضِهِ وَحُدُودِهِ فِيمَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ وَنَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ بَيَّنَهُ وَوَضَّحَهُ وَفَسَّرَهُ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْهُ مُجْمَلًا فِي وَقْتِ احْتِيَاجِكُمْ إِلَيْهِ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=155#docu">لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ </a> ) أَيْ : تَفْهَمُونَ وَتَتَدَبَّرُونَ . <br /><br />157<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ اللَّهُ مُوتُوا ثُمَّ أَحْيَاهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ </a> ( 243 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 244 ) <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ </a> ( 245 ) <br /> رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَعَنْهُ : كَانُوا ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافٍ . وَقَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ : تِسْعَةُ آلَافٍ وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ : كَانُوا بِضْعَةً وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا [ ص: 661 ] وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانُوا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا : دَاوَرْدَانَ . وَكَذَا قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12045"> وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ </a>وَزَادَ : مِنْ قِبَلِ وَاسِطٍ . وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ : كَانُوا مَنْ أَهْلِ أَذَرِعَاتٍ ، وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ </a>عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ : هَذَا مَثَلٌ . وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16627"> عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ </a> : كَانُوا : مِنْ أَهْلِ دَاوَرْدَانَ : قَرْيَةٌ عَلَى فَرْسَخٍ مِنْ وَاسِطٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17277"> وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ </a>فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ مَيْسَرَةَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ النَّهْدِيِّ ، عَنِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15342"> الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَسَدِيِّ </a>عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ </a> ) قَالَ : كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ خَرَجُوا فِرَارًا مِنَ الطَّاعُونِ قَالُوا : نَأْتِي أَرْضًا لَيْسَ بِهَا مَوْتٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِمَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مُوتُوا فَمَاتُوا فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُحْيِيَهُمْ فَأَحْيَاهُمْ ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ أُلُوفٌ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ </a> ) الْآيَةَ . <br /><br /> وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ كَانُوا أَهْلَ بَلْدَةٍ فِي زَمَانِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اسْتَوْخَمُوا أَرْضَهُمْ وَأَصَابَهُمْ بِهَا وَبَاءٌ شَدِيدٌ فَخَرَجُوا فِرَارًا مِنَ الْمَوْتِ إِلَى الْبَرِّيَّةِ ، فَنَزَلُوا وَادِيًا أَفْيَحَ ، فَمَلَئُوا مَا بَيْنَ عُدْوَتَيْهِ فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ مَلَكَيْنِ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْوَادِي وَالْآخَرَ مِنْ أَعْلَاهُ فَصَاحَا بِهِمْ صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَمَاتُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ مَوْتَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فَحِيزُوا إِلَى حَظَائِرَ وَبُنِي عَلَيْهِمْ جُدْرَانُ وَقُبُورٌ [ وَفَنُوا ] وَتَمَزَّقُوا وَتَفَرَّقُوا فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ دَهْرٍ مَرَّ بِهِمْ نَبِيٌّ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ يُقَالُ لَهُ : حِزْقِيلُ فَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُحْيِيَهُمْ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ : أَيَّتُهَا الْعِظَامُ الْبَالِيَةُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكِ أَنْ تَجْتَمِعِي ، فَاجْتَمَعَ عِظَامُ كُلِّ جَسَدٍ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَنَادَى : أَيَّتُهَا الْعِظَامُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكِ بِأَنْ تَكْتَسِيَ لَحْمًا وَعَصَبًا وَجِلْدًا . فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ يُشَاهِدُهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَنَادَى : أَيَّتُهَا الْأَرْوَاحُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكِ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ كُلُّ رُوحٍ إِلَى الْجَسَدِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ تَعْمُرُهُ . فَقَامُوا أَحْيَاءً يَنْظُرُونَ قَدْ أَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ رَقْدَتِهِمُ الطَّوِيلَةِ ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ : سُبْحَانَكَ [ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ ] لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ . <br /><br /> وَكَانَ فِي إِحْيَائِهِمْ عِبْرَةٌ وَدَلِيلٌ قَاطِعٌ عَلَى وُقُوعِ الْمَعَادِ الْجُسْمَانِيِّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ </a> ) أَيْ : فِيمَا يُرِيهِمْ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْبَاهِرَةِ وَالْحُجَجِ الْقَاطِعَةِ وَالدَّلَالَاتِ الدَّامِغَةِ ، ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ </a> ) أَيْ : لَا يَقُومُونَ بِشُكْرِ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ وَدُنْيَاهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَفِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ عِبْرَةٌ وَدَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَنْ يُغْنِيَ حَذَرٌ مِنْ قَدَرٍ وَأَنَّهُ لَا مَلْجَأَ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ ، فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ فَرُّوا مِنَ الْوَبَاءِ طَلَبًا لِطُولِ الْحَيَاةِ فَعُومِلُوا بِنَقِيضِ قَصْدِهِمْ وَجَاءَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ سَرِيعًا فِي آنٍ وَاحِدٍ . <br /><br /> وَمِنْ هَذَا الْقَبِيلِ الْحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ [ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ] بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16411"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ </a>عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=11"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ </a> : أَنَّ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=2"> عُمَرَ بْنَ [ ص: 662 ] الْخَطَّابِ </a>خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِسَرْغٍ لَقِيَهُ أُمَرَاءُ الْأَجْنَادِ : أَبُو عُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ الْوَبَاءَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فَجَاءَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَكَانَ مُتَغَيِّبًا لِبَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ فَقَالَ : إِنَّ عِنْدِي مِنْ هَذَا عِلْمًا ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " إِذَا كَانَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ ، وَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأَرْضٍ فَلَا تَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ " </a>فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ . <br /> وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى لِبَعْضِهِ : قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجٌ وَيَزِيدُ الْعَمِّيُّ قَالَا : أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ : أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ أَخْبَرَ عُمَرَ ، وَهُوَ فِي الشَّامِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " أَنَّ هَذَا السَّقَمَ عُذِّبَ بِهِ الْأُمَمُ قَبْلَكُمْ ، فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ فِي أَرْضٍ فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا وَإِذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُوا فِرَارًا مِنْهُ " </a>قَالَ : فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ مِنَ الشَّامِ . وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِنَحْوِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ) أَيْ : كَمَا أَنَّ الْحَذَرَ لَا يُغْنِي مِنَ الْقَدَرِ كَذَلِكَ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الْجِهَادِ وَتَجَنُّبِهِ لَا يُقَرِّبُ أَجَلًا وَلَا يُبَاعِدُهُ ، بَلِ الْأَجَلُ الْمَحْتُومُ وَالرِّزْقُ الْمَقْسُومُ مُقَدَّرٌ مُقَنَّنٌ لَا يُزَادُ فِيهِ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهُ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">الَّذِينَ قَالُوا لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ وَقَعَدُوا لَوْ أَطَاعُونَا مَا قُتِلُوا قُلْ فَادْرَءُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِكُمُ الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ </a> ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 168 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتَالَ لَوْلَا أَخَّرْتَنَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِكُكُمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُشَيَّدَةٍ </a> ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 77 ، 78 ] وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْجُيُوشِ وَمُقَدَّمِ الْعَسَاكِرِ وَحَامِي حَوْزَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَسَيْفِ اللَّهِ الْمَسْلُولِ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَهُوَ فِي سِيَاقِ الْمَوْتِ : لَقَدْ شَهِدْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مَوْقِفًا ، وَمَا مِنْ عُضْوٍ مِنْ أَعْضَائِي إِلَّا وَفِيهِ رَمْيَةٌ أَوْ طَعْنَةٌ أَوْ ضَرْبَةٌ ، وَهَا أَنَا ذَا أَمُوتُ عَلَى فِرَاشِي كَمَا يَمُوتُ الْعِيرُ ! ! فَلَا نَامَتْ أَعْيُنُ الْجُبَنَاءِ . يَعْنِي : أَنَّهُ يَتَأَلَّمُ لِكَوْنِهِ مَا مَاتَ قَتِيلًا فِي الْحَرْبِ وَيَتَأَسَّفُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيَتَأَلَّمُ أَنْ يَمُوتَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) يَحُثُّ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ عَلَى الْإِنْفَاقِ فِي سَبِيلِهِ ، وَقَدْ كَرَّرَ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ . وَفِي حَدِيثِ النُّزُولِ [ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ تَعَالَى ] <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " مَنْ يُقْرِضُ غَيْرَ عَدِيمٍ وَلَا ظَلُومٍ " </a>وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">[ ص: 663 ] </a><br /><br /><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ </a> ) قَالَ أَبُو الدَّحْدَاحِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُرِيدُ مِنَّا الْقَرْضَ ؟ قَالَ : " نَعَمْ يَا أَبَا الدَّحْدَاحِ " قَالَ : أَرِنِي يَدَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَنَاوَلَهُ يَدَهُ قَالَ : فَإِنِّي قَدْ أَقْرَضْتُ رَبِّي حَائِطِي . قَالَ : وَحَائِطٌ لَهُ فِيهِ سِتُّمِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ وَأُمُّ الدَّحْدَاحِ فِيهِ وَعِيَالُهَا . قَالَ : فَجَاءَ أَبُو الدَّحْدَاحِ فَنَادَاهَا : يَا أُمَّ الدَّحْدَاحِ . قَالَتْ : لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ : اخْرُجِي فَقَدْ أَقْرَضْتُهُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا بِنَحْوِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( قَرْضًا حَسَنًا ) رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ السَّلَفِ : هُوَ النَّفَقَةُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ . وَقِيلَ : هُوَ النَّفَقَةُ عَلَى الْعِيَالِ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : هُوَ التَّسْبِيحُ وَالتَّقْدِيسُ وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) كَمَا قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتْتُ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ </a> ) الْآيَةَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 261 ] . وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَيْهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16874"> مُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ </a>عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12081"> أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، </a>قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ </a>فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ : إِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ تُضَاعَفُ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ حَسَنَةٍ . فَقَالَ : وَمَا أَعْجَبَكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ؟ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضَاعِفُ الْحَسَنَةَ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ " . </a><br /><br /> هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ ، <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16621"> وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ </a>عِنْدَهُ مَنَاكِيرُ ، لَكِنْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلَّادٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ الرُّبَاعِيُّ عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْجَصَّاصِ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12081"> أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، </a>قَالَ : لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرَ مُجَالَسَةً <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>مِنِّي فَقَدِمَ قَبْلِي حَاجًّا قَالَ : وَقَدِمْتُ بَعْدَهُ فَإِذَا أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ يَأْثُرُونَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " إِنِ اللَّهَ يُضَاعِفُ الْحَسَنَةَ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ حَسَنَةٍ </a> " فَقُلْتُ : وَيَحْكُمُ ، وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرَ مُجَالَسَةً <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ </a>مِنِّي ، فَمَا سَمِعْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ . قَالَ : فَتَحَمَّلْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنَّ أَلْحَقَهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ قَدِ انْطَلَقَ حَاجًّا فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى الْحَجِّ أَنْ أَلْقَاهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، فَلَقِيتُهُ لِهَذَا فَقُلْتُ : يَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=3"> أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ </a>مَا حَدِيثٌ سَمِعْتُ أَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ يَأْثُرُونَ عَنْكَ ؟ قَالَ : مَا هُوَ ؟ قُلْتُ : زَعَمُوا أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضَاعِفُ الْحَسَنَةَ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ [ ص: 664 ] حَسَنَةٍ " . قَالَ : يَا أَبَا عُثْمَانَ وَمَا تَعْجَبُ مِنْ ذَا وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) وَيَقُولُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ </a> ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 38 ] وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu"> " إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضَاعِفُ الْحَسَنَةَ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ </a> " . <br /><br /> وَفِي مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16666"> عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ </a>عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12"> عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ </a>أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ دَخَلَ سُوقًا مِنَ الْأَسْوَاقِ فَقَالَ : لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ حَسَنَةٍ وَمَحَا عَنْهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفَ سَيِّئَةٍ </a> " الْحَدِيثَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ بَسَّامٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمُؤَدِّبُ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ ( </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ </a> ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 261 ] إِلَى آخِرِهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " رَبِّ زِدْ أُمَّتِي " فَنَزَلَتْ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) قَالَ : رَبِّ زِدْ أُمَّتِي . فَنَزَلَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ </a> ) [ الزُّمَرِ : 10 ] . . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ أَيْضًا عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ : أَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ : مَنْ قَرَأَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ </a> ) [ الْإِخْلَاصِ : 1 ] مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفِ غُرْفَةٍ مَنْ دُرٍّ وَيَاقُوتٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَفَأَصْدُقُ بِذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، أَوَعَجِبْتَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ وَمَا يُحْصِي ذَلِكَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً </a> ) فَالْكَثِيرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَا يُحْصَى . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=156#docu">وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ </a> ) أَيْ : أَنْفِقُوا وَلَا تُبَالُوا فَاللَّهُ هُوَ الرَّزَّاقُ يُضَيِّقُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ فِي الرِّزْقِ وَيُوَسِّعُهُ عَلَى آخَرِينَ ، لَهُ الْحِكْمَةُ الْبَالِغَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ ( وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ ) أَيْ : يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . <br />158<br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=157#docu">أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلَأِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَى إِذْ قَالُوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَهُمُ ابْعَثْ لَنَا مَلِكًا نُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ أَلَّا تُقَاتِلُوا قَالُوا وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ </a> ( 246 ) ) <br /><br /> قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : هَذَا النَّبِيُّ هُوَ يُوشَعُ بْنُ نُونَ . قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَفْرَاثِيمَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ . وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ بِعِيدٌ ; لِأَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ بَعْدَ مُوسَى بِدَهْرٍ طَوِيلٍ ، وَكَانَ [ ص: 665 ] ذَلِكَ فِي زَمَانِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، كَمَا هُوَ مُصَرَّحٌ بِهِ فِي الْقِصَّةِ وَقَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَ دَاوُدَ وَمُوسَى مَا يُنِيفُ عَنْ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ <br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : هُوَ شَمْعُونُ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : هُوَ شَمْوِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ . وَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>وَهُوَ : شَمْوِيلُ بْنُ بَالِي بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ يَرْخَامَ بْنِ إِلِيهُو بْنِ تَهْوَ بْنِ صُوفِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَاحِثِ بْنِ عَمُوصَا بْنِ عِزْرِيَا بْنِ صُفْنَيْهِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي يَاسِفِ بْنِ قَارُونَ بْنِ يَصْهَرَ بْنِ قَاهَثَ بْنِ لَاوِي بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>وَغَيْرُهُ : كَانَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ بَعْدَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الِاسْتِقَامَةِ مُدَّةَ الزَّمَانِ ، ثُمَّ أَحْدَثُوا الْأَحْدَاثَ وَعَبَدَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْأَصْنَامَ ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مَنْ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُقِيمُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْهَجِ التَّوْرَاةِ إِلَى أَنْ فَعَلُوا مَا فَعَلُوا فَسَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً ، وَأَسَرُوا خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا وَأَخَذُوا مِنْهُمْ بِلَادًا كَثِيرَةً ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ إِلَّا غَلَبُوهُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ وَالتَّابُوتُ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي قَدِيمِ الزَّمَانِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مَوْرُوثًا لِخَلَفِهِمْ عَنْ سَلَفِهِمْ إِلَى مُوسَى الْكَلِيمِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِمْ تَمَادِيهِمْ عَلَى الضَّلَالِ حَتَّى اسْتَلَبَهُ مِنْهُمْ بَعْضُ الْمُلُوكِ فِي بَعْضِ الْحُرُوبِ وَأَخَذَ التَّوْرَاةَ مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهَا فِيهِمْ إِلَّا الْقَلِيلُ وَانْقَطَعَتِ النُّبُوَّةُ مِنْ أَسْبَاطِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَنْ سِبْطِ لَاوِي الَّذِي يَكُونُ فِيهِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٌ حَامِلٌ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا وَقَدْ قُتِلَ فَأَخَذُوهَا فَحَبَسُوهَا فِي بَيْتٍ وَاحْتَفَظُوا بِهَا لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَرْزُقُهَا غُلَامًا يَكُونُ نَبِيًّا لَهُمْ وَلَمْ تَزَلْ [ تِلْكَ ] الْمَرْأَةُ تَدْعُو اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَرْزُقَهَا غُلَامًا فَسَمِعَ اللَّهُ لَهَا وَوَهَبَهَا غُلَامًا ، فَسَمَّتْهُ شَمْوِيلَ : أَيْ : سَمِعَ اللَّهُ . وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ : شَمْعُونُ وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ فَشَبَّ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامُ وَنَشَأَ فِيهِمْ وَأَنْبَتَهُ اللَّهُ نَبَاتًا حَسَنًا فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ سِنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالدَّعْوَةِ إِلَيْهِ وَتَوْحِيدِهِ ، فَدَعَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَطَلَبُوا مِنْهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ لَهُمْ مَلِكًا يُقَاتِلُونَ مَعَهُ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ وَكَانَ الْمُلْكُ أَيْضًا قَدْ بَادَ فِيهِمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ : فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَقَامَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَلِكًا أَلَّا تَفُوا بِمَا الْتَزَمْتُمْ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ مَعَهُ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=157#docu">قَالُوا وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَأَبْنَائِنَا </a> ) أَيْ : وَقَدْ أُخِذِتْ مِنَّا الْبِلَادُ وَسُبِيَتِ الْأَوْلَادُ ؟ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=157#docu">فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : مَا وَفَوْا بِمَا وَعَدُوا بَلْ نَكَلَ عَنِ الْجِهَادِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِهِمْ</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">[ ص: 666 ]</span><span style="font-size: small;">. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><br />159<br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ لَكُمْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكًا قَالُوا أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِنَ الْمَالِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ </a> ( 247 ) ) <br /><br /> أَيْ : لَمَّا طَلَبُوا مِنْ نَبِيِّهِمْ أَنْ يُعَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَلِكًا مِنْهُمْ فَعَيَّنَ لَهُمْ طَالُوتَ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَجْنَادِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمُلْكِ فِيهِمْ ; لِأَنَّ الْمُلْكَ فِيهِمْ كَانَ فِي سِبْطِ يَهُوذَا ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ السِّبْطِ فَلِهَذَا قَالُوا : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا </a> ) أَيْ : كَيْفَ يَكُونُ مَلِكًا عَلَيْنَا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِنَ الْمَالِ </a> ) أَيْ : ثُمَّ هُوَ مَعَ هَذَا فَقِيرٌ لَا مَالَ لَهُ يَقُومُ بِالْمُلْكِ ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهُ كَانَ سَقَّاءً وَقِيلَ : دَبَّاغًا . وَهَذَا اعْتِرَاضٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِمْ وَتَعَنُّتٌ وَكَانَ الْأَوْلَى بِهِمْ طَاعَةً وَقَوْلَ مَعْرُوفٍ ثُمَّ قَدْ أَجَابَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ قَائِلًا ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ </a> ) أَيِ : اخْتَارَهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْكُمْ . يَقُولُ : لَسْتُ أَنَا الَّذِي عَيَّنْتُهُ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِي بَلِ اللَّهُ أَمَرَنِي بِهِ لَمَّا طَلَبْتُمْ مِنِّي ذَلِكَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ </a> ) أَيْ : وَهُوَ مَعَ هَذَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْكُمْ ، وَأَنْبَلُ وَأَشْكَلُ مِنْكُمْ وَأَشَدُّ قُوَّةً وَصَبْرًا فِي الْحَرْبِ وَمَعْرِفَةً بِهَا أَيْ : أَتَمُّ عِلْمًا وَقَامَةً مِنْكُمْ . وَمِنْ هَاهُنَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَلِكُ ذَا عِلْمٍ وَشَكْلٍ حَسَنٍ وَقُوَّةٍ شَدِيدَةٍ فِي بَدَنِهِ وَنَفْسِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=158#docu">وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ </a> ) أَيْ : هُوَ الْحَاكِمُ الَّذِي مَا شَاءَ فَعَلَ وَلَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ لِعِلْمِهِ [ وَحِكْمَتِهِ ] وَرَأْفَتِهِ بِخَلْقِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : هُوَ وَاسِعُ الْفَضْلِ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَنْ يَسْتَحِقُّ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ . <br /><br />160<br /><br />( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ آيَةَ مُلْكِهِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمُ التَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَى وَآلُ هَارُونَ تَحْمِلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ </a> ( 248 ) ) <br /><br /> يَقُولُ نَبِيُّهُمْ لَهُمْ : إِنَّ عَلَّامَةَ بَرَكَةِ مُلْكِ طَالُوتَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ يَرُدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ التَّابُوتَ الَّذِي كَانَ أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ . <br /><br /> ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ </a> ) قِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ فِيهِ وَقَارٌ ، وَجَلَالَةٌ . <br /><br /> قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ </a> ) أَيْ : وَقَارٌ . وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ : رَحْمَةٌ . وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الْعَوْفِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ </a> : سَأَلْتُ عَطَاءً عَنْ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌ [ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ] </a> ) قَالَ : مَا يَعْرِفُونَ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَيَسْكُنُونَ إِلَيْهِ . <br /><br /> وَقِيلَ : السَّكِينَةُ طَسْتٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ كَانَتْ تُغْسَلُ فِيهِ قُلُوبُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، أَعْطَاهَا اللَّهُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَوَضَعَ فِيهَا الْأَلْوَاحَ . وَرَوَاهُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a>عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=16004"> سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ </a> : عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : السَّكِينَةُ لَهَا وَجْهٌ كَوَجْهِ الْإِنْسَانِ ثُمَّ هِيَ رُوحٌ هَفَّافَةٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي [ ابْنُ ] الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15744"> وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ </a>، وَأَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عُرْعُرَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : السَّكِينَةُ رِيحٌ خُجُوجٌ وَلَهَا [ ص: 667 ] رَأْسَانِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : لَهَا جَنَاحَانِ وَذَنَبٌ . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ </a> : السَّكِينَةُ رَأْسُ هِرَّةٍ مَيِّتَةٍ إِذَا صَرَخَتْ فِي التَّابُوتِ بِصُرَاخِ هِرٍّ ، أَيْقَنُوا بِالنَّصْرِ وَجَاءَهُمُ الْفَتْحُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا بَكَّارُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=17285"> وَهْبَ بْنَ مُنَبِّهٍ </a>يَقُولُ : السَّكِينَةُ رُوحٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَتَكَلَّمُ إِذَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي شَيْءٍ تَكَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِبَيَانِ مَا يُرِيدُونَ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَى وَآلُ هَارُونَ </a> ) قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=12166"> ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى </a>حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=15854"> دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ </a>عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَى وَآلُ هَارُونَ </a> ) قَالَ : عَصَاهُ وَرُضَاضُ الْأَلْوَاحِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> وَالسُّدِّيُّ </a><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14354"> وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ </a>وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَزَادَ : وَالتَّوْرَاةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ ( وَبَقِيَّةٌ ) يَعْنِي : عَصَا مُوسَى وَعَصَا هَارُونَ وَلَوْحَيْنِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْمَنِّ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَطِيَّةُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ : عَصَا مُوسَى وَعَصَا هَارُونَ وَثِيَابُ مُوسَى وَثِيَابُ هَارُونَ وَرُضَاضُ الْأَلْوَاحِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : سَأَلْتُ الثَّوْرِيَّ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">وَبَقِيَّةٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ آلُ مُوسَى وَآلُ هَارُونَ </a> ) فَقَالَ : مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ قَفِيزٌ مِنْ مَنٍّ ، وَرُضَاضُ الْأَلْوَاحِ . وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ : الْعَصَا وَالنَّعْلَانِ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">تَحْمِلُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ </a> ) قَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=13036"> ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ </a> : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : جَاءَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَحْمِلُ التَّابُوتَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ حَتَّى وَضَعَتْهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ طَالُوتَ ، وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/showalam.php?ids=14468"> السُّدِّيُّ </a> : أَصْبَحَ التَّابُوتُ فِي دَارِ طَالُوتَ فَآمَنُوا بِنُبُوَّةِ شَمْعُونَ وَأَطَاعُوا طَالُوتَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَشْيَاخِهِ : جَاءَتْ بِهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَسُوقُهُ عَلَى عَجَلَةٍ عَلَى بَقَرَةٍ وَقِيلَ : عَلَى بَقَرَتَيْنِ . <br /><br /> وَذَكَرَ غَيْرُهُ أَنَّ التَّابُوتَ كَانَ بِأَرِيحَا وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَمَّا أَخَذُوهُ وَضَعُوهُ فِي بَيْتِ آلِهَتِهِمْ تَحْتَ صَنَمِهِمُ الْكَبِيرِ ، فَأَصْبَحَ التَّابُوتُ عَلَى رَأْسِ الصَّنَمِ فَأَنْزَلُوهُ فَوَضَعُوهُ تَحْتَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ كَذَلِكَ فَسَمَّرُوهُ تَحْتَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ الصَّنَمُ مَكْسُورَ الْقَوَائِمِ مُلْقًى بَعِيدًا ، فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَا قِبَلَ لَهُمْ بِهِ فَأَخْرَجُوا التَّابُوتَ مِنْ بَلَدِهِمْ ، فَوَضَعُوهُ فِي بَعْضِ الْقُرَى فَأَصَابَ أَهْلُهَا دَاءً فِي رِقَابِهِمْ فَأَمَرَتْهُمْ جَارِيَةٌ مِنْ سَبْيِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّ يَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ حَتَّى يُخَلَّصُوا مِنْ هَذَا الدَّاءِ ، فَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى بَقَرَتَيْنِ فَسَارَتَا بِهِ لَا يَقْرَبُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَاتَ ، حَتَّى اقْتَرَبَتَا مِنْ بَلَدِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَكَسَرَتَا النَّيِّرَيْنِ وَرَجَعَتَا وَجَاءَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ فَأَخَذُوهُ فَقِيلَ : إِنَّهُ تَسَلَّمَهُ دَاوُدُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَامَ إِلَيْهِمَا حَجَلَ مِنْ فَرَحِهِ بِذَلِكَ . وَقِيلَ : شَابَّانِ مِنْهُمْ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقِيلَ : كَانَ التَّابُوتُ بِقَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى فِلَسْطِينَ يُقَالُ لَهَا : أَزْدَرِدُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لَكُمْ </a> ) أَيْ : عَلَى صِدْقِي فِيمَا جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ ، وَفِيمَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ [ ص: 668 ] <br /><br /> طَاعَةِ طَالُوتَ : ( <a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=159#docu">إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ </a> ) أَيْ : بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ .</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=160">يأتي بعده ص 161 ان شاء الله </a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-26667827436931290982017-02-09T05:35:00.004-08:002023-01-13T10:59:09.198-08:0019.الطلاق وما قبله من سورة البقرة ومعه الطلاق من سورة الطلاق<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b> ( وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمَانِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوا وَتَتَّقُوا وَتُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ( 224 ) لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ ( 225 ) [ ص: 600 ]<br /><br />يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : لَا تَجْعَلُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ بِالْلَّهِ تَعَالَى مَانِعَةً لَكُمْ مِنَ الْبَرِّ وَصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ عَلَى تَرْكِهَا ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ) [ النُّورِ : 22 ] ، فَالِاسْتِمْرَارُ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ آثَمُ لِصَاحِبِهَا مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْهَا بِالتَّكْفِيرِ . كَمَا قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ<br />حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ ، قَالَ : هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " نَحْنُ الْآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَاللَّهِ لَأَنْ يَلِجَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَمِينِهِ فِي أَهْلِهِ آثَمُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ كَفَّارَتَهُ الَّتِي افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ " .<br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ، بِهِ . وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْهُ ، بِهِ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ ، هُوَ ابْنُ سَلَّامٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنِ اسْتَلَجَّ فِي أَهْلِهِ بِيَمِينٍ ، فَهُوَ أَعْظَمُ إِثْمًا ، لَيْسَ تُغْنِي الْكُفَّارَةُ " .<br /><br />وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمَانِكُمْ قَالَ : لَا تَجْعَلَنَّ عُرْضَةً لِيَمِينِكَ أَلَّا تَصْنَعَ الْخَيْرَ ، وَلَكِنْ كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَاصْنَعِ الْخَيْرَ .<br /><br />وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَمَكْحُولٌ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ . وَيُؤَيِّدُ مَا قَالَهُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْجُمْهُورُ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَأَرَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَتَحَلَّلْتُهَا " وَثَبَتَ فِيهِمَا أَيْضًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ : " يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ ، لَا تَسْأَلِ الْإِمَارَةَ ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عَلَيْهَا ، وَإِنَّ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا ، وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ " .<br /><br />وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا [ ص: 601 ] مِنْهَا ، فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ ، وَلْيَفْعَلِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ " .<br /><br />وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلِيفَةُ بْنُ خَيَّاطٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَتَرْكُهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا " .<br /><br />وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا نَذْرَ وَلَا يَمِينَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ ، وَلَا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ ، وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَدَعْهَا ، وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ ، فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا "<br />ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : وَالْأَحَادِيثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كُلُّهَا : " فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ " وَهِيَ الصِّحَاحُ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ أَوْ مَعْصِيَةٍ ، فَبِرُّهُ أَنْ يَحْنَثَ فِيهَا وَيَرْجِعَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ " .<br /><br />وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ ; لِأَنَّ حَارِثَةَ [ هَذَا ] هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ ، ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ الْجَمِيعِ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَمَسْرُوقٍ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ : أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : لَا يَمِينَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ ، وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهَا .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ أَيْ : لَا يُعَاقِبُكُمْ وَلَا يُلْزِمُكُمْ بِمَا صَدَرَ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ اللَّاغِيَةِ ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي لَا يَقْصِدُهَا الْحَالِفُ ، بَلْ تَجْرِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ عَادَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ تَعْقِيدٍ وَلَا تَأْكِيدٍ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ : وَاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى ، فَلْيَقُلْ : لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ " فَهَذَا قَالَهُ لِقَوْمٍ حَدِيثِي عَهْدٍ بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ ، قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا وَأَلْسِنَتُهُمْ قَدْ أَلِفَتْ مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَلِفِ بِالْلَّاتِ مِنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ ، فَأُمِرُوا أَنَّ يَتَلَفَّظُوا بِكَلِمَةِ الْإِخْلَاصِ ، كَمَا تَلَفَّظُوا بِتِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ ، لِتَكُونَ هَذِهِ بِهَذِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ كَمَا قَالَ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْمَائِدَةِ : ( وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 89 ] .<br /><br />قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : بَابُ لَغْوِ الْيَمِينِ : حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ الشَّامِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ [ ص: 602 ] إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَعْنِي الصَّائِغَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ : فِي اللَّغْوِ فِي الْيَمِينِ ، قَالَ : قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " هُوَ كَلَامُ الرَّجُلِ فِي بَيْتِهِ : كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ " .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : رَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّائِغِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَوْقُوفًا . وَرَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، مَوْقُوفًا أَيْضًا<br />قُلْتُ : وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، مَوْقُوفًا .<br /><br />وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ هَنَّادٍ ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ ، وَعَبْدَةَ ، وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 89 ] قَالَتْ : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، بَلَى وَاللَّهِ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْهَا . وَبِهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْهَا . وَبِهِ ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْهَا .<br /><br />وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ قَالَتْ : هُمُ الْقَوْمُ يَتَدَارَؤُونَ فِي الْأَمْرِ ، فَيَقُولُ هَذَا : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ ، وَكَلَّا وَاللَّهِ يَتَدَارَؤُونَ فِي الْأَمْرِ : لَا تَعْقِدُ عَلَيْهِ قُلُوبُهُمْ .<br /><br />وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ قَالَتْ : هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ .<br /><br />وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ : كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَقُولُ : إِنَّمَا اللَّغْوُ فِي الْمُزَاحَةِ وَالْهَزْلِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ . فَذَاكَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ فِيهِ ، إِنَّمَا الْكُفَّارَةُ فِيمَا عَقَدَ عَلَيْهِ قَلْبُهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ ، ثُمَّ لَا يَفْعَلُهُ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَحَدِ أَقْوَالِهِ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ .<br /><br />الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي : قُرِئَ عَلَى يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَتَأَوَّلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ : ( لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِالْلَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَتَقُولُ : هُوَ الشَّيْءُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدُكُمْ ، لَا يُرِيدُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا الصِّدْقَ ، فَيَكُونُ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَزُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى ، [ ص: 603 ] وَأَبِي مَالِكٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، وَبَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَحَدِ قَوْلَيْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمَكْحُولٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، وَرَبِيعَةَ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْحَرَشِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الْمَرَائِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ، قَالَ : مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِقَوْمٍ يَنْتَضِلُونَ يَعْنِي : يَرْمُونَ وَمَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَرَمَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ : أَصَبْتُ وَاللَّهِ وَأَخْطَأْتُ وَاللَّهِ . فَقَالَ الَّذِي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : حَنِثَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : " كَلَّا أَيْمَانُ الرُّمَاةِ لَغْوٌ لَا كَفَّارَةَ فِيهَا وَلَا عُقُوبَةَ " هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ الْقَوْلَانِ جَمِيعًا .<br /><br />حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ رَوَّادٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا آدَمُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا شَيْبَانُ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : هُوَ قَوْلُهُ : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، وَبَلَى وَاللَّهِ ، وَهُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ ، وَلَا يَكُونُ كَذَلِكَ .<br /><br />أَقْوَالٌ أُخَرُ : قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ ثُمَّ يَنْسَاهُ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ : هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ : أَعْمَى اللَّهُ بَصَرِي إِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، أَخْرَجَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْ مَالِي إِنْ لَمْ آتِكَ غَدًا ، فَهُوَ هَذَا .<br /><br />قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَحَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَاءٌ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ أَنْ تَحْلِفَ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ .<br /><br />وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْجُمَاهِرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بِشْرٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَغْوُ الْيَمِينِ أَنْ تُحَرِّمَ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ ، فَذَلِكَ مَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ كَفَّارَةٌ ، وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ " بَابُ الْيَمِينِ فِي الْغَضَبِ " : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ ، أَنْبَأَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ : أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ ، فَسَأَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ الْقِسْمَةَ فَقَالَ : إِنْ عُدْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْقِسْمَةِ ، فَكُلُّ مَالِي فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ . فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ : إِنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ غَنِيَّةٌ عَنْ مَالِكَ ، كَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَكَلِّمْ أَخَاكَ ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " لَا يَمِينَ عَلَيْكَ ، وَلَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّبِّ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا تَمْلِكُ " .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : هُوَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ كَاذِبٌ . قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُهُ : وَهِيَ كَقَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ الْآيَةَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 89 ] [ ص: 604 ]<br /><br />وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ أَيْ : غَفُورٌ لِعِبَادِهِ ، حَلِيمٌ عَلَيْهِمْ .<br /><br />142<br /><br />( لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( 226 ) وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ( 227 ) )<br /><br />الْإِيلَاءُ : الْحَلِفُ ، فَإِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ أَلَّا يُجَامِعَ زَوْجَتَهُ مُدَّةً ، فَلَا يَخْلُو : إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَقَلَّ ، فَلَهُ أَنْ يَنْتَظِرَ انْقِضَاءَ الْمُدَّةِ ثُمَّ يُجَامِعُ امْرَأَتَهُ ، وَعَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَصْبِرَ ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا مُطَالَبَتُهُ بِالْفَيْئَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ ، وَهَذَا كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ آلَى مِنْ نِسَائِهِ شَهْرًا ، فَنَزَلَ لِتِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ ، وَقَالَ : " الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ " وَلَهُمَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ نَحْوُهُ . فَأَمَّا إِنْ زَادَتِ الْمُدَّةُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ، فَلِلزَّوْجَةِ مُطَالَبَةُ الزَّوْجِ عِنْدَ انْقِضَاءِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ : إِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَيْ : يُجَامِعُ وَإِمَّا أَنَّ يُطَلِّقَ ، فَيَجْبُرُهُ الْحَاكِمُ عَلَى هَذَا أَوْ هَذَا لِئَلَّا يَضُرَّ بِهَا . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ أَيْ : يَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْجِمَاعِ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ، فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِيلَاءَ يَخْتَصُّ بِالزَّوْجَاتِ دُونَ الْإِمَاءِ كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ الْجُمْهُورِ . تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَيْ : يَنْتَظِرُ الزَّوْجُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ مِنْ حِينِ الْحَلِفِ ، ثُمَّ يُوقَفُ وَيُطَالَبُ بِالْفَيْئَةِ أَوِ الطَّلَاقِ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : فَإِنْ فَاءُوا أَيْ : رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ الْجِمَاعِ ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمَسْرُوقٌ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، وَمِنْهُمُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ أَيْ : لِمَا سَلَفَ مِنَ التَّقْصِيرِ فِي حَقِّهِنَّ بِسَبَبِ الْيَمِينِ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنْ فَاءُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ لِأَحَدِ قَوْلَيِ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَهُوَ الْقَدِيمُ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ : أَنَّ الْمُولِيَ إِذَا فَاءَ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهَرِ أَنَّهُ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ . وَيَعْتَضِدُ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْآيَةِ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَتَرْكُهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا " كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْجُمْهُورُ وَهُوَ الْجَدِيدُ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْكُفَّارَةَ لِعُمُومِ وُجُوبِ التَّكْفِيرِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالِفٍ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ أَيْضًا فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الصِّحَاحِ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .<br /><br />وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْفُقَهَاءُ وَغَيْرُهُمْ فِي مُنَاسَبَةِ تَأْجِيلِ الْمُولِي بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ الْأَثَرَ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ : خَرَجَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَسَمِعَ امْرَأَةً تَقُولُ :<br /><br /><br />تَطَاوَلَ هَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَاسْوَدَّ جَانِبُهْ<br />وَأَرَّقَنِي أَلَّا خَلِيلَ أُلَاعِبُهْ<br />فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا اللَّهُ أَنِّي أُرَاقِبَهْ<br />لَحُرِّكَ مِنْ هَذَا السَّرِيرِ جَوَانِبُهْ<br />وَانْفَرَدَ مَالِكٌ بِأَنْ قَالَ : لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ رَجْعَتُهَا حَتَّى يُجَامِعَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا .[ ص: 605 ]<br /><br />فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ ابْنَتَهُ حَفْصَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : كَمْ أَكْثَرَ مَا تَصْبِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ : سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : لَا أَحْبِسُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ : مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَانَ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : مَا زِلْتُ أَسْمَعُ حَدِيثَ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ يَطُوفُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ، وَكَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا ; إِذْ مَرَّ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْعَرَبِ مُغْلِقَةٍ بَابَهَا [ وَهِيَ ] تَقُولُ .<br />تَطَاوَلَ هَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَازْوَرَّ جَانِبُهْ <br />وَأَرَّقَنِي أَلَّا ضَجِيعَ أُلَاعِبُهْ<br />أُلَاعِبُهُ طُورًا وَطُورًا كَأَنَّمَا <br />بَدَا قَمَرًا فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ حَاجِبُهْ<br />يُسَرُّ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يَلْهُو بِقُرْبِهِ <br />لَطِيفُ الْحَشَا لَا يَحْتَوِيهِ أَقَارِبُهْ<br />فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا اللَّهُ لَا شَيْءَ غَيْرُهُ <br />لَنُقِضَ مِنْ هَذَا السَّرِيرِ جَوَانِبُهْ<br />وَلَكِنَّنِي أَخْشَى رَقِيبًا مُوَكَّلًا <br />ابِأَنْفُسِنَا لَا يَفْتُرُ الدَّهْرَ كَاتِبُهْ<br /><br /><br /><br />ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَقِيَّةَ ذَلِكَ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ، أَوْ نَحْوَهُ . وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا مِنْ طَرْقٍ ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْمَشْهُورَاتِ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ بِمُجَرَّدِ مُضِيِّ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ كَقَوْلِ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَذَهَبَ آخَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَقَعُ بِمُضِيِّ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ تَطْلِيقَةً ، وَهُوَ مَرْوِيٌّ بِأَسَانِيدَ صَحِيحَةٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَعُثْمَانَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، وَبِهِ يَقُولُ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ ، [ وَمَسْرُوقٌ ] وَالْقَاسِمُ ، وَسَالِمٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَشُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي ، وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ طَرْخَانَ التَّيْمِيُّ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قِيلَ : إِنَّهَا تُطَلَّقُ بِمُضِيِّ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ طَلْقَةً رَجْعِيَّةً ; قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ، وَمَكْحُولٌ ، وَرَبِيعَةُ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَمَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ . وَقِيلَ إِنَّهَا تُطَلُّقُ طَلْقَةً بَائِنَةً ، رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَعُثْمَانَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، وَبِهِ يَقُولُ : عَطَاءٌ وَجَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَمَسْرُوقٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ ، وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ قَالَ : إِنَّهَا تُطَلَّقُ بِمُضِيِّ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةَ ، إِلَّا مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ : أَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ حَاضَتْ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ فَلَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْجُمْهُورُ أَنَّهُ يُوقَفُ فَيُطَالَبُ إِمَّا بِهَذَا أَوْ هَذَا وَلَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا بِمُجَرَّدِ مُضِيِّهَا طَلَاقٌ[ ص: 606 ]<br /><br />وَرَوَى مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ لَمْ يَقَعْ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ وَإِنْ مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ ، حَتَّى يُوقَفَ ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ . وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ : أَدْرَكْتُ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كُلُّهُمْ يُوقِفُ الْمُولِي قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ : وَأَقَلُّ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ . وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : أَنَّهُ وَقَفَ الْمُولِيَ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَهَكَذَا نَقُولُ ، وَهُوَ مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا رَوَيْنَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَعَائِشَةَ ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . هَكَذَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُولِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ ، فَكُلُّهُمْ يَقُولُ : لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَيُوقَفُ ، فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَإِلَّا طَلَّقَ . وَرَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُهَيْلٍ .<br /><br />قُلْتُ : وَهُوَ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَعُثْمَانَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، وَعَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ ، وَالْقَاسِمُ . وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَأَصْحَابِهِمْ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ ، وَهُوَ اخْتِيَارُ ابْنِ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّيْثِ [ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ] وَإِسْحَاقَ ابْنِ رَاهْوَيْهِ ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ ، وَأَبِي ثَوْرٍ ، وَدَاوُدَ ، وَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالُوا : إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ أُلْزِمَ بِالطَّلَاقِ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْ طَلَّقَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَاكِمُ ، وَالطَّلْقَةُ تَكُونُ رَجْعِيَّةً لَهُ رَجْعَتُهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ .<br />143<br />دليل مواقع أحكام الطلاق<br />دليل مواقع الطلاق للعدة2<br />تنزيل كتاب أحكام الطلاق بسورة الطلاق<br />حمل كناب احكام الطلاق الحائرة عند الناس بين سورة البقرة وسورة الطلاق<br />حمل كتاب الطلاق الشامل من مشكاة<br /><br />حمل كتاب الطلاق الشامل.rar<br /><br />وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِنْ كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( 228<br />هَذَا الْأَمْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى لِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ الْمَدْخُولِ بِهِنَّ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ الْأَقْرَاءِ ، بِأَنْ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ ، أَيْ : بِأَنْ تَمْكُثَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ بَعْدَ طَلَاقِ زَوْجِهَا لَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ ; ثُمَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ إِنَّ شَاءَتْ ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْأَئِمَّةُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ مِنْ هَذَا الْعُمُومِ الْأَمَةَ إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ ، فَإِنَّهَا تُعْتَدُّ عِنْدَهُمْ بِقُرْءَيْنِ ، لِأَنَّهَا عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنَ الْحُرَّةِ ، وَالْقُرْءُ لَا يَتَبَعَّضُ فَكُمِّلَ لَهَا قُرْءَانِ . وَلِمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْحٍ عَنْ مُظَاهِرِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ الْمَدَنِيِّ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " طَلَاقُ الْأَمَةِ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَعِدَّتُهَا حَيْضَتَانِ "[ص:607]<br />قلت المدون:<br /><br /><br /><br />أحكام سورة البقرة2هــ<br /> <br />1.كانت أي كانت سورة البقرة هي المنسوخ منها أحكام الطلاق التي نزلت فيها وتم النسخ بواسطة سورة الطلاق لأن سورة الطلاق جاءت متراخية في زمن النزول عن سورة البقرة حيث نزلت سورة البقرة في العام الثاني هجريا (2هـ)تقريبا بينما نزلت سورة الطلاق في العام الخامس هجري(5هـ)تقريبا فالسورة ناسخة لأحكام الطلاق في سورة البقرة لنزولها بعدها زمنيا مع تناول نفس الموضوعات بشكل مُبَدَل. ويعني أن أحكام الطلاق فيها منسوخة بالتبديل<br />2.أحكام الطلاق فيها منسوخة<br />3.نوع النسخ بالتبديل <br />4.فيها أحكام مُتَبَدِلة <br />5.موضع العدة (بعد التطليق)<br />التطليق ثم العدة ثم التسريح<br />6.العدة نفسها ثلاثة قروء للمرأة التي تحيض(لكنها كانت بعد التطليق)<br />7. كانت الزيادات التالية في العدد ممتنعة:<br />أ)لم يكن فيها عدة اليائسة من المحيض<br />ب)لم يكن فيها عدة الصغيرة التي لم تحيض<br />ج)لم يكن فيها عدة الحامل<br />8.كان الزوج يُطَلِق إذا أراد ثم تعتد الزوجة المطلقة <br />9.كان حكم إحصاء العدة للطلاق منعدما<br />10.الإحصاء كان منعدما وكان الزوج يُطَلِّق أولا(سورة البقرة)<br />11.التطليق كان في أول العدة لذا لم يكن هناك ضرورة للإحصاء (سورة البقرة)<br />12.لأن الإحصاء هو تكليف بالتسريح في نهاية المعدود(سورة البقرة)<br />13.لم يكن الإحصاء لازماً للتطليق لأن التطليق كان في صدر العدة(سورة البقرة)<br />14.كان التطليق في أول العدة ولم يكن هناك إحصاء(سورة البقرة)<br />15.كان بلوغ الأجل ليس فرضا في وقوع التطليق لأنه وقع فعلاً في صدرالعدة لكنه كان لازماً للتسريح (سورة البقرة)<br />16.كان التكليف لمن طلق فعلاً بالشكل التالي:<br />أي كان ذلك سابقا في سورة البقرة:(سورالبقرة)وكان:<br /> <br />تطليق أولا ثم عدة استبراء ثم تسريح في(سورة البقرة)<br />17.كان التسريح في سورة البقرة يدل علي<br /> تفريق المطلقين أي تفريق بعد تطليق <br />لأن التسريح يدل علي تحريم الزوجة المطلقة تماما بعد تحريمها أولا بالتطليق<br />18.كانت ترتيبات الطلاق هي:<br />تطليق أولاً<br />ثم عدة استبراء:<br /> لايحصيها تكليفا إلا الزوجة <br />ثم التسريح <br />19.كانت المرأة لا تحل للأزواج إلا بعد قضاء عدة استبراء ثم تصل الي نهاية عدة الإستبراء وهي موكولة الي تقواها وضميرها لقوله تعالي(ولا يكتمن ما خلق الله في أرحامهن إن كن يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر) فتُسَرَّح أي تخرج مطلقة من محبسها بعد خروجها من مربطها(معني التسريح في لسان العرب) <br /> <br />20.ترتيبات حل المطلقة للأزواج في تشريع( سورة البقرة) هي: كانت<br />يطلقها زوجها فتصير مطلقة أولا ثم<br />تعتد استبراءا لرحمها ثم: ثم تُسَرَّح <br />فتحل للأزواج بما فيهم مُطلقها مالم يصل بها الي التطليقة الثالثة لأنه إن طلقها ثلاثا فلن تحل له حتي تنكح زوجا غيره بوطء وعسيلة ويلاحظ انعدام الإشهاد في تشريعات سورة البقرة <br />21.وعليه فقد كانت المُطلقة(في تشريع سورة البقرة) لا تحل للأزواج إلا بعد عدة استبراء كانت هي المُكَلَفَةُ دون زوجها بإحصائها والوصول الي نهايتها حتي تُسَرَّح ، ويلاحظ أن هذه المدة(العدة) كانت فقد من عمرها لا ذنب لها فيه غير كونها وعاءاً لطفل مُطلِقَهَا الذي طلقها وذهب حرااً لا قيد عليه ، وسنري أن الله تعالي قد بَدَّلَ هذالفقد في حياة الزوجة التي طلقها زوجها حين سيادة أحكام سورة البقرة بإدخال هذه المدة (العدة)في حسابها حين تنزلت (سورة الطلاق) لا تفقد المرأةُ منها شيئا وذلك بإحصائهما<br />هما الاثنين وهما ما يزالا زوجين لعدة تتصدر التطليق وتحول بينه وبين طلاق امرإته مدتها<br />*والعدد الجديدة(المنزلة في سورة الطلاق) هي:[سيأتي يعد عدة اسطر في خصائص أحكام الطلاق في سورة الطلاق]...<br />رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ . وَلَكِنْ مُظَاهِرٌ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ . وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ : الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ نَفْسِهِ .<br /><br />وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا . قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ : وَالصَّحِيحُ مَا رَوَاهُ سَالِمٌ وَنَافِعٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَوْلَهُ . وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ . قَالُوا : وَلَمْ يُعْرَفْ بَيْنَ الصَّحَابَةِ خِلَافٌ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ : بَلْ عِدَّتُهَا كَعِدَّةِ الْحُرَّةِ لِعُمُومِ الْآيَةِ ; وَلِأَنَّ هَذَا أَمُرُّ جِبِلِّيٌّ فَكَانَ الْإِمَاءُ وَالْحَرَائِرُ فِي هَذَا سَوَاءً ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، حَكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَبَعْضُ أَهْلِ الظَّاهِرِ ، وَضَعَّفَهُ .<br /><br />وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ السَّكَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ قَالَتْ : طُلِّقْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ عِدَّةٌ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، حِينَ طُلِّقَتْ أَسْمَاءُ الْعِدَّةَ لِلطَّلَاقِ ، فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ مَنْ نَزَلَتْ فِيهَا الْعِدَّةُ لِلطَّلَاقِ ، يَعْنِي : وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ .<br /><br />وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ السَّلَفُ وَالْخَلَفُ وَالْأَئِمَّةُ فِي الْمُرَادِ بِالْأَقْرَاءِ مَا هُوَ ؟ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ :<br /><br />أَحَدُهُمَا : أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهَا : الْأَطْهَارُ ، وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتِ : انْتَقَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، حِينَ دَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، فَقَالَتْ : صَدَقَ عُرْوَةُ . وَقَدْ جَادَلَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ نَاسٌ فَقَالُوا : إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : ( ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : صَدَقْتُمْ ، وَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْأَقْرَاءُ ؟ إِنَّمَا الْأَقْرَاءُ : الْأَطْهَارُ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ : مَا أَدْرَكْتُ أَحَدًا مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ، يُرِيدُ قَوْلَ عَائِشَةَ . وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ وَبَرِئَ مِنْهَا . وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهُوَ الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا . وَرُوِيَ مِثْلُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، وَسَالِمٍ ، وَالْقَاسِمِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَأَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَبَقِيَّةِ الْفُقَهَاءِ السَّبْعَةِ ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ [ وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ ، وَدَاوُدَ وَأَبِي ثَوْرٍ ، وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ ، وَاسْتَدَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ ) [ الطَّلَاقِ : 1 ] أَيْ : فِي الْأَطْهَارِ . وَلَمَّا كَانَ الطُّهْرُ الَّذِي يُطَلَّقُ فِيهِ مُحْتَسَبًا ، دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَحَدُ الْأَقْرَاءِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْمَأْمُورِ بِهَا ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ : إِنَّ الْمُعْتَدَّةَ [ ص: 608 ] تَنْقَضِي عِدَّتُهَا وَتَبِينُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِالطَّعْنِ فِي الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ ، وَأَقَلُّ مُدَّةٍ تُصَدَّقُ فِيهَا الْمَرْأَةُ فِي انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا اثْنَانِ وَثَلَاثُونَ يَوْمًا وَلَحْظَتَانِ ] .<br /><br />وَاسْتَشْهَدَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ الشَّاعِرِ وَهُوَ الْأَعْشَى :<br />فَفِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أَنْتَ جَاشِمُ غَزْوَةٍ تَشُدُّ لِأَقْصَاهَا عَزِيمَ عَزَائِكَا مُوَرَّثَةً عَدًّا ، وَفِي الْحَيِّ رِفْعَةٌ لَمَّا<br />ضَاعَ فِيهَا مِنْ قُرُوءِ نِسَائِكَا<br /><br />يَمْدَحُ أَمِيرًا مِنْ أُمَرَاءِ الْعَرَبِ آثَرَ الْغَزْوَ عَلَى الْمَقَامِ ، حَتَّى ضَاعَتْ أَيَّامَ الطُّهْرِ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ لَمْ يُوَاقِعْهُنَّ فِيهَا .<br /><br />وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي : أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْأَقْرَاءِ : الْحَيْضُ ، فَلَا تَنْقَضِي الْعِدَّةُ حَتَّى تُطْهُرَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ ، زَادَ آخَرُونَ : وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنْهَا . وَأَقَلُّ وَقْتٍ تُصَدَّقُ فِيهِ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي انْقِضَاءِ عِدَّتِهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ يَوْمًا وَلَحْظَةٌ . قَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ : عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ : كُنَّا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَجَاءَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ : إِنْ زَوْجِي فَارَقَنِي بِوَاحِدَةٍ أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَجَاءَنِي [ وَقَدْ وَضَعَتُ مَائِي ] وَقَدْ نَزَعْتُ ثِيَابِي وَأَغْلَقْتُ بَابِي . فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ [ مَا تَرَى ؟ قَالَ ] : أَرَاهَا امْرَأَتَهُ ، مَا دُونُ أَنْ تَحِلَّ لَهَا الصَّلَاةُ . قَالَ [ عُمَرُ : ] وَأَنَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ .<br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقِ ، وَعُمَرَ ، وَعُثْمَانَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، وَعُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَمُعَاذٍ ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ ، وَالْأَسْوَدِ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمَكْحُولٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : الْأَقْرَاءُ : الْحَيْضُ .<br /><br />وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ ، وَأَصَحُّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَحَكَى عَنْهُ الْأَثْرَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : الْأَكَابِرُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُونَ : الْأَقْرَاءُ الْحَيْضُ . وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، وَابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، وَابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَيٍّ ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقَ ابْنِ رَاهْوَيْهِ .<br /><br />وَيُؤَيِّدُ هَذَا مَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي حُبَيْشٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَهَا : " دَعِي الصَّلَاةَ أَيَّامَ [ ص: 609 ] أَقْرَائِكِ " . فَهَذَا لَوْ صَحَّ لَكَانَ صَرِيحًا فِي أَنَّ الْقُرْءَ هُوَ الْحَيْضُ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمُنْذِرَ هَذَا قَالَ فِيهِ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : مَجْهُولٌ لَيْسَ بِمَشْهُورٍ . وَذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي الثِّقَاتِ .<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : أَصْلُ الْقُرْءِ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ : " الْوَقْتُ لِمَجِيءِ الشَّيْءِ الْمُعْتَادِ مَجِيئُهُ فِي وَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ ، وَلِإِدْبَارِ الشَّيْءِ الْمُعْتَادِ إِدْبَارُهُ لِوَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ " . وَهَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةُ تَقْتَضِي أَنْ يَكُونَ مُشْتَرِكًا بَيْنَ هَذَا وَهَذَا ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ [ الْعُلَمَاءِ ] الْأُصُولِيِّينَ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ : أَنَّ الْقُرْءَ هُوَ الْوَقْتُ . وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ : الْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي الْحَيْضَ : قُرْءًا ، وَتُسَمِّي الطُّهْرَ : قُرْءًا ، وَتُسَمِّي الْحَيْضَ مَعَ الطُّهْرِ جَمِيعًا : قُرْءًا . وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ : لَا يَخْتَلِفُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِلِسَانِ الْعَرَبِ وَالْفُقَهَاءِ أَنَّ الْقُرْءَ يُرَادُ بِهِ الْحَيْضَ وَيُرَادُ بِهِ الطُّهْرَ ، وَإِنَّمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمُرَادِ مِنَ الْآيَةِ مَا هُوَ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ أَيْ : مِنْ حَبَلٍ أَوْ حَيْضٍ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( إِنْ كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ تَهْدِيدٌ لَهُنَّ عَلَى قَوْلِ خِلَافِ الْحَقِّ . وَدَلَّ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَرْجِعَ فِي هَذَا إِلَيْهِنَّ ; لِأَنَّهُ أَمْرٌ لَا يُعْلَمُ إِلَّا مِنْ جِهَتَيْنِ ، وَتَتَعَذَّرُ إِقَامَةُ الْبَيِّنَةِ غَالِبًا عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، فَرَدَّ الْأَمْرَ إِلَيْهِنَّ ، وَتُوُعِّدْنَ فِيهِ ، لِئَلَّا تُخْبِرَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ إِمَّا اسْتِعْجَالًا مِنْهَا لِانْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ ، أَوْ رَغْبَةً مِنْهَا فِي تَطْوِيلِهَا ، لِمَا لَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَقَاصِدِ . فَأُمِرَتْ أَنْ تُخْبِرَ بِالْحَقِّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ زِيَادَةٍ وَلَا نُقْصَانٍ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا أَيْ : وَزَوْجُهَا الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا أَحَقُّ بِرِدَّتِهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا ، إِذَا كَانَ مُرَادُهُ بِرِدَّتِهَا الْإِصْلَاحَ وَالْخَيْرَ . وَهَذَا فِي الرَّجْعِيَّاتِ . فَأَمَّا الْمُطَلَّقَاتُ الْبَوَائِنُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ حَالَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مُطَلَّقَةٌ بَائِنٌ ، وَإِنَّمَا صَارَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا حُصِرُوا فِي الطَّلَقَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ ، فَأَمَّا حَالُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَقَّ بِرَجْعَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ ، فَلَمَّا قُصِرُوا فِي الْآيَةِ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا عَلَى ثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ صَارَ لِلنَّاسِ مُطَلَّقَةٌ بَائِنٌ وَغَيْرُ بَائِنٍ . وَإِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ هَذَا تَبَيَّنَ لَكَ ضَعْفُ مَا سَلَكَهُ بَعْضُ الْأُصُولِيِّينَ ، مِنَ اسْتِشْهَادِهِمْ عَلَى مَسْأَلَةِ عَوْدِ الضَّمِيرِ هَلْ يَكُونُ مُخَصَّصًا لِمَا تَقَدَّمَهُ مَنْ لَفْظِ الْعُمُومِ أَمْ لَا ؟ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ ، فَإِنَّ التَّمْثِيلَ بِهَا غَيْرُ مُطَابِقٍ لِمَا ذَكَرُوهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ أَيْ : وَلَهُنَّ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ مِثْلُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ ، فَلْيُؤَدِّ كُلٌّ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى الْآخَرِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ ، فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ : " فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ ، فَإِنَّكُمْ أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَلَّا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ أَحَدًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ ، وَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسَوْتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ " . وَفِي حَدِيثِ بِهَزِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَيْدَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا حَقُّ زَوْجَةِ أَحَدِنَا ؟ [ ص: 610 ] قَالَ : " أَنْ تُطْعِمَهَا إِذَا طَعِمْتَ ، وَتَكْسُوَهَا إِذَا اكْتَسَيْتَ ، وَلَا تَضْرِبَ الْوَجْهَ ، وَلَا تُقَبِّحَ ، وَلَا تَهْجُرَ إِلَّا فِي الْبَيْتِ " . وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ أَتَزَيَّنَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ كَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَتَزَيَّنَ لِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ ; لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ : ( وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ أَيْ : فِي الْفَضِيلَةِ فِي الْخُلُقِ ، وَالْمَنْزِلَةِ ، وَطَاعَةِ الْأَمْرِ ، وَالْإِنْفَاقِ ، وَالْقِيَامِ بِالْمَصَالِحٍ ، وَالْفَضْلِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 34 ] .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ أَيْ : عَزِيزٌ فِي انْتِقَامِهِ مِمَّنْ عَصَاهُ وَخَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ ، حَكِيمٌ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَشَرْعِهِ وَقَدْرِهِ .<br />144<br /><br />الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ ( 229 ) فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ ( 230 )<br /><br />هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ رَافِعَةٌ لِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، مِنْ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ ، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا فِيهِ ضَرَرٌ عَلَى الزَّوْجَاتِ قَصَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ طَلْقَاتٍ ، وَأَبَاحَ الرَّجْعَةَ فِي الْمَرَّةِ وَالثِّنْتَيْنِ ، وَأَبَانَهَا بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ ، فَقَالَ : الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ<br /><br />قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، فِي سُنَنِهِ : " بَابٌ فِي نَسْخِ الْمُرَاجِعَةِ بَعْدَ الطَّلْقَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ " : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ الْآيَةَ : وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِرَجْعَتِهَا ، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا ، فَنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ : الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ الْآيَةَ .<br /><br />وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ، بِهِ .[ ص: 611 ]<br /><br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ : لَا أُطَلِّقُكِ أَبَدًا وَلَا آوِيكِ أَبَدًا . قَالَتْ : وَكَيْفَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : أُطَلِّقُكِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَا أَجَلُكِ رَاجَعْتُكِ . فَأَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ )<br /><br />وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، وَابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ . وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ . قَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَقَّ بِرَجْعَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا مَا شَاءَ ، مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ ، وَإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ غَضِبَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَا آوِيكِ وَلَا أُفَارِقُكِ . قَالَتْ : وَكَيْفَ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ : أُطَلِّقُكِ فَإِذَا دَنَا أَجَلُكِ رَاجَعْتُكِ ، ثُمَّ أُطَلِّقُكِ ، فَإِذَا دَنَا أَجَلُكِ رَاجَعْتُكِ . فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ قَالَ : فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ الطَّلَاقَ ، مَنْ كَانَ طَلَّقَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ طَلَّقَ .<br /><br />وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ شَبِيبٍ مَوْلَى الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ . وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ شَبِيبٍ بِهِ . ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُرْسَلًا . قَالَ : هَذَا أَصَحُّ . وَرَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ كَاسِبٍ ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ شَبِيبٍ بِهِ ، وَقَالَ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ .<br /><br />ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةَ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلطَّلَاقِ وَقْتٌ ، يُطَلِّقُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُهَا مَا لَمْ تَنْقُضِ الْعِدَّةُ ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ بَعْضُ مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَأَتْرُكَنَّكِ لَا أَيِّمًا وَلَا ذَاتَ زَوْجٍ ، فَجَعَلَ يُطَلِّقُهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتِ الْعِدَّةُ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ رَاجَعَهَا ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ فَوَقَّتَ الطَّلَاقَ ثَلَاثًا لَا رَجْعَةَ فِيهِ بَعْدَ الثَّالِثَةِ ، حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ . وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ مُرْسَلًا . وَذَكَرَهُ السُّدِّيُّ ، وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ كَذَلِكَ ، وَاخْتَارَ أَنَّ هَذَا تَفْسِيرُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ .<br /><br />وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ أَيْ : إِذَا طَلَّقْتَهَا وَاحِدَةً أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ ، فَأَنْتَ مُخَيَّرٌ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتْ عِدَّتُهَا بَاقِيَةً ، بَيْنَ أَنْ تَرُدَّهَا إِلَيْكَ نَاوِيًا الْإِصْلَاحَ بِهَا وَالْإِحْسَانَ إِلَيْهَا ، وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَتْرُكَهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا ، فَتَبِينَ مِنْكَ ، وَتُطْلِقَ سَرَاحَهَا مُحْسِنًا إِلَيْهَا ، لَا تَظْلِمُهَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا شَيْئًا ، وَلَا [ ص: 612 ] تُضَارُّ بِهَا .<br />قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ ، فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُمْسِكَهَا بِمَعْرُوفٍ فَيَحْسُنُ صَحَابَتَهَا أَوْ يُسَرِّحَهَا [ بِإِحْسَانٍ ] فَلَا يَظْلِمُهَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا شَيْئًا .<br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قِرَاءَةً ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سُمَيْعٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا رَزِينٍ يَقُولُ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَرَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ أَيْنَ الثَّالِثَةُ ؟ قَالَ : " التَّسْرِيحُ بِإِحْسَانٍ " .<br />وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، وَلَفْظُهُ : أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَمِيعٍ ، أَنَّ أَبَا رَزِينٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَرَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ : " الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ " ، فَأَيْنَ الثَّالِثَةُ ؟ قَالَ : " التَّسْرِيحُ بِإِحْسَانٍ الثَّالِثَةُ " . </b></span></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">*************</span></b><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 72pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span>قلت المدون</span></span>: لا يحق الجمع </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span><span>بين أحكام الطلاق في سورتي البقرة2هـ والطلاق5هـ إلا مالم يعين بنص وها نحن نقول :</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</span></b><br /></span>
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b><br /></span>
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 80pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">1.<span style="background-color: #4c1130;"> </span></span></span>لفارق الزمن بينهما في التنزيل فسورة البقرة2هـ نزلت في العامين الأولين للهجرة وسورة الطلاق5هـ نزلت إبان العامين الخامس أو السادس الهجري </span></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white;"> </span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 80pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">2.</span></span> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 72pt;">خصائص الأحكام </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 80pt;">في</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span>
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 72pt;"> سورة الطلاق5هـ:</span></span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white;"> وهو الامر الذي يحتم وجود ناسخ في سورة الطلاق لمنسوخ من سورة البقرة كما يلي :</span></span></b></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 26pt;">1.أصبحت
أحكام الطلاق بسورة الطلاق (لأنها متراخية نزلت إبان العام الخامس هجري 5هـ
تقريباً)</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
أي أصبحت سورة الطلاق هي الناسخة تبديلاً لمعظم أحكام الطلاق التي نزلت قبل ذلك في سورة
البقرة لأن سورة الطلاق 5هـ جاءت متراخية في النزول عن سورة البقرة 1و2هـ حيث نزلت
سورة الطلاق في العام الخامس هجريا (5هـ ) وسورة البقرة في العام الثاني هجريا
وبذلك تكون سورة الطلاق ناسخة تبديلاً لأحكام الطلاق في سورة البقرة كما سنري الآن
</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">:</span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">2. سورة الطلاق 5هـ :أحكام الطلاق فيها ناسخة </span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">3.نوع النسخ: بالتبديل والبداء</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(152, 72, 6); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">4.<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">فيها أحكام
مُبَدِلة</span>، أي حلَّت محل الأحكام التي بدلها الباري جل وعلا السابق تنتزيلها
في سورة البقرة المنزلة بالعامين الأولين للهجرة</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(152, 72, 6); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 36pt;">5.موضع العدة في سورة الطلاق</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 26pt;">: (قبل
التطليق)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;"> العدة</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt;"> ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> التطليق</span> ثم<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> التفريق</span> ثم<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الاشهاد</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt;"><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">6.العدة نفسها ثلاثة قروء للمرأة التي:</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">تحيض(لكنها صارت قبل
التطليق)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">7. زاد
الله تعالي في أحكام العدد: </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
أ )عدة اليائسة من المحيض<br />
ب)عدة الصغير التي لاتحيض<br />
ج )عدة المرأة الحامل</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
<span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">8. في سورة الطلاق 5هـ :لا يتمكن</span> الزوج
من التطليق قبل أن يُحصِي العدة…والإحصاء هو بلوغ نهاية المعدود</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">9. في سورة الطلاق 5هـ :نزل حكم إحصاء العدة فرضاً لمن أراد
التطليق</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-size: 30pt;"> <br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(152, 72, 6); border: 1pt solid; color: white; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">10</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: yellow; border: 1pt solid; color: black; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">.</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">في سورة الطلاق 5هـ</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">:الإحصاء<span style="color: red;">(سورة الطلاق)</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 30pt;"><span>*</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 30pt;"><span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 30pt;"><span>*</span></span></b></span></span></span></b> </span></span></b></span></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">حكم مفروض بقوله
تعالي(وأحصوا العدة) </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وهو لازمٌ لإحداث الطلاق<span style="color: red;"> ولا يتم الطلاق إلا به </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">w</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">وهو مدة يشارك
فيها الزوج زوجته أثناء بقائهما في بيتيهما </span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: white;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">^</span></b></span></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">وفيها يحرم علي
الزوجة أن تخرج من بيتها </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 30pt;"></span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">ويحرم علي الزوج أن يُخرجها منه </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 30pt;"></span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">وعليهما هما
الاثنين الإحصاء حتي بلوغ الأجل الذي يتم فيه تسلم الزوج لفظ الطلاق من بارئه جل
وعلا في نهاية الأجل</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 30pt;">(نهاية عدة الإحصاء)</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">ليحدث به الفراق
إن لم يشأ أن يُمسكها، </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 30pt;"></span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">كما أنه</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 30pt;">(أي الإحصاء)</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">مدة زمنية يعاين الزوج فيها أحوال زوجته معاينة يتم من خلالها:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">.1</span></b></span></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">أن يكون هو الشاهد الوحيد الذي يشهد علي زوجته باستبراء رحمها لأنه
أدري بحاله وحالها خلال مدة العدة اللصيق فيها بزوجته</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">.2</span></b></span></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">حتي إذا انتهيا منها يكون العد والاحصاء واستبراء الرحم واستيفاء كل
متعلقات الزواج قد انتهت بعلم الزوجين علما مستيقنا ولا يبقي عليهما إلا أن يمسكها ان لم يشأ أن يطلقها أو يطلقها فتفارقه
ويُشهدا علي الطلاق المستدبر ثم الفراق حتي إذا أشهد علي فراقها بالتلفظ المستدبر تكون قد استبرأت منه
تماما لتحل بذلك توا للخطاب وبعلمه هو ، </span></b></div>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;">
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">11. </span></span>في سورة الطلاق 5هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> التطليق لا يكون إلا في
نهاية الإحصاء<span style="color: red;">(سورة الطلاق)،وهو أن يتسلم الزوج بإذن ربه
لفظ الطلاق الذي حرزه الباري جل جلاله وراء جدار العدة الخلفي ليجاز للزوج هنا
وهنا فقط إلقاء لفظ الطلاق علي امرأته ليتفرقا وقد أعطاه اللهُ آخر فرصة بقوله
تعالي</span></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #403152; font-size: 23pt;"> </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 36pt;">(فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ)</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 36pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNKR7SZJHL_borlRj4-NZvrn11NpbbMRONvIrLi1YNoILwMvFHpdq3wj_2HuAdVfUb7I358NC2zaOhmQe0Gc7E8HzFrqX8eTEjp8Fl3tF0sAOdQJ14P6d0lkRNIEptqcGzb6BW7FpFp0o/s1600/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNKR7SZJHL_borlRj4-NZvrn11NpbbMRONvIrLi1YNoILwMvFHpdq3wj_2HuAdVfUb7I358NC2zaOhmQe0Gc7E8HzFrqX8eTEjp8Fl3tF0sAOdQJ14P6d0lkRNIEptqcGzb6BW7FpFp0o/s640/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 36pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf-Iy5EtULGMPOm5cYMRvoaXcAguTJpaJ1SW3ChCnGeP33vtB1C94yzz6BvsWal9KMxtsh0vHLdFWcaRzWEogmwapBc0IBhgd5Yx4CJOE_gxEPbOAaWS6EEJHNl5CqwhJcYs-26skye8v7/s1600/Untitled.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="483" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf-Iy5EtULGMPOm5cYMRvoaXcAguTJpaJ1SW3ChCnGeP33vtB1C94yzz6BvsWal9KMxtsh0vHLdFWcaRzWEogmwapBc0IBhgd5Yx4CJOE_gxEPbOAaWS6EEJHNl5CqwhJcYs-26skye8v7/s640/Untitled.png" width="640" /></a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">12.</span></span>وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> فرض الإحصاء لأن الإحصاء
هو تكليف بوصول نهاية المعدود(العدة) ليتمكن الزوج من الحصول علي لفظ الطلاق (سورة
الطلاق)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">13.</span></span>وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أصبح الإحصاء لازماً
للتطليق لأن التطليق صار في دبر العدة(سورة الطلاق)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">14. وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> أصبح التطليق في دبر
العدة أي في نهاية الإحصاء(سورة الطلاق)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">15. وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> أصبح بلوغ الأجل المُحصَي
في دُبُرِ العدة لازما لوقوع التطليق ثم التفريق</span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;">(سورة الطلاق)</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 30pt;"><br />
</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">16. وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> وبذلك يتلخص أن التطليق
لمن أراد أن يطلق امرأته كما نزل بسورة الطلاق حيث صـــار:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">عدةً </span>أولا <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">ثم</span>
<span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);"> إمساك</span> <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">أو</span> <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">تطليق</span> <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">ثم</span> <span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">تفريق</span>
في<b><span style="color: red;">(سورة الطلاق)</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">17. وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> أصبح التفريق دالاً علي
تخلية الوثاق تماما ليس بعده تبعات لأنه صار <b><span style="color: #c00000;">:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
عدةً(تُحصي أي تُعَد إلي نهايتها ولا يتم بلوغ الأجل إلا إذا تم الإحصاء أي:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(192, 80, 77); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">العَـــدُ الي بلوغ آخر المعدود</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">(وهو <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">العدة</span>) أولا ثم
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الإمساك
أو التطليق </span> ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> التفريق</span> ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الإشهاد</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وبهذا
علمنا أن التفريق هو تفريق الزوجين مباشرة وبعد أن كانا زوجين</span><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 30pt;">ï</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أي هو: تفريق (الزوجين) <span style="color: red;">حيث المرأة في تشريعات سورة الطلاق زوجة في العدة</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">18.
وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ أصبحت ترتيبات الطلاق هي:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">1.عدة أولا تحصي بواسطة
الزوجين<br />
2.ثم إمساك أو تطليق . <br />
3.ثم تفريق . <br />
4.ثم إشهاد.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">19.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> وفي سورة الطلاق <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">5 هـ</span> تحل المرأة
مباشرة للأزواج بعد الإشهاد علي التفريق في تشريعات سورة الطلاق لسَبقِ العدة علي
التطليق:أي:عدة الإحصاء أولاً ثم الإمساك أو(الطلاق)</span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 28pt;">(سورة
الطلاق)،وذلك عكس الذي كانت عليه المرأة من حالٍ حين سيادة أحكام الطلاق بسورة
البقرة<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> 2هجري </span>وقبل
أن يبدلها الباري سبحانه بأحكام الطلاق في سورة الطلاق المنزلة بالعام الخامس أو
السادس الهجري<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">5 أو6هجري</span>
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">20.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> وفي سورة الطلاق 5 هـ :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(192, 80, 77); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(192, 80, 77); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">ترتيبات حل المطلقة للأزواج بعد نزول سورة الطلاق هي:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(192, 80, 77); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">احصاء
العدة بينهما ثم الإمساك أو التطليق ببلوغ نهاية العدة</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
ثم التفريق</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="background: aqua; font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
ثم الإشهاد</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(214, 227, 188); border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">21.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(214, 227, 188); font-size: 30pt;"> وعليه
فقد أضحت المرأة في تشريع (سورة الطلاق)تحل للأزواج مباشرة بعد الإشهاد علي
التفريق وزوجها شاهد عليها لفرض بقائهما في بيتهما وهما علي حال الزوجية حتي بلوغ
نهاية الأجل بإنتهاء العدةُ وآخر إجراءات التطليق تماما بحدوث الإشهاد علي التفريق
بعد إحصاء العدة وهي كانت ماتزال زوجة أثنائها</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> <br />
الاجراءات هي:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: white; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">^<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">اعتداد مع إحصاء</span> لبلوغ
نهاية العدة ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> تطليق</span>
ثم ^<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">تفريق</span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">واشهاد علي التفريق</span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">ثم تحل للأزواج</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; mso-shading: transparent; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b><br /></span>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="background: black; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: 32.55pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 474.85pt;" valign="top" width="633"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: yellow; font-size: 30pt; line-height: 115%;">والعِدَدُ الجديدة في سورة الطلاق هي:</span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span>
<div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 33pt;">1.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 33pt;">
ثلاثة قروء لمن تحيض(ممتدة الأثر من سورة البقرة والدليل<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> واو العطف في مبتدأ آية العدد</span>(<span style="color: #c00000;">و</span>اللائي
يئسن من المحيض ...إلي آخر الآيات) ولم يُنسخ منها غير أن موضعي الطلاق والعدة قد
تبدلا وحلت العدة في موضع الطلاق والطلاق في موضع العدة:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وما سيستتبع ذلك من
تبديلات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">كتبديل عدة الاستبراء بعدة
الإحصاء </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وانعدام مسمي الاستبراء
بفرض عدة الإحصاء </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وسقوط كل الحقوق المترتبة
علي تواجد عدة الاستبراء بفرض عدة الإحصاء </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وذلك
كله لأن الطلاق والمترتب عليه من التفريق قد تأجلا لدُبُرِ العدة .</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">2.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> وثلاثة أشهر قمرية لمن
يئست من المحيض أو للصغيرة التي لا تحيض،أو المرضعات اللائي لا يحضن نتيجة إفراز
هرمون اللاكتين والبرولاكتين، أو النساء اللائي لا يحضن نتيجة مرض أصاب المبيضين
عند المرأة بحيث يمتنع عندهن ظهور دم الحيض.</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">3.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> ومدة الحمل كلها أو ما
بقي منها<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> حتي تضع الحامل
حملها بِسَقطٍ أو ولادة</span> فحينها تبلغ نهاية عدتها ثم يمسكها زوجها أو يطلقها
ويتم التفريق والإشهاد وحينئذ تحل للأزواج قال تعالي:(وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ
الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ
وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ
حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا(4)
ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ
عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا </span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">(5)/سورة
الطلاق) </span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">22</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 30pt;">. وفي
سورة الطلاق 5 هـ : التفريق هو: من تشريعات سورة الطلاق إبعاد الزوجين
ليصيرا أغرابا </span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">وبمعني آخر </span>:
فالتفريق هو فك وثاق الزوجين،وإبعادهما أغرابا<br />
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">وبمعني آخر </span>:
فالتفريق هو : تفريق بعد توثيق </span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 28pt; padding: 0in;">وبمعني رابع </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;">:<span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);"> فالتفريق هو:</span> تحريم الزوج علي زوجته بعد أن حالت العدة دون
تطليقها ثم فرقهما الطلاق بعد العدة ذلك لأن الله قدم العدة علي التطليق </span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(227, 108, 10); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;"> العــــدة</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt;">_ثم _<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الإمساك أو الطــــلاق</span>
_ ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> التفريق </span> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 48pt;">_ثم </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;"> الإشهاد </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 36pt;"> –
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ثم تحل للأزواج </span>.</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(227, 108, 10); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">23</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">.صار التطليق في تشريع سورة
الطلاق(5 أو 6هـ) منهجا وشريعة وسيرة بين المؤمنين يجب إشهارة بالإشهاد وإقامة
الشهادة لله ويشهد علي فراقهما اثنان ذوا عدل من المسلمين(وأشهدوا ذوي عدل منكم
وأقيموا الشهادة لله) لأنها ستُحَرَّمُ علي زوجها للتَوَّ وتحل بذات التو للأزواج
والفيصل إقامة الشهادة لله</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">24.يعني
قد صار التطليق يؤدي إلي(التفريق والتفريق بين الزوجين )يلزمه إشهاد بذوي عدلٍ من
المسلمين لأن الزوجة التي خرجت من عدتها وفارقها زوجها بالتطليق في دبر العدة ستحل
تواً للأزواج بهذا التفريق المشهد عليه</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الترتيب
التاريخي في نزول سورة الطلاق(5 هـ) بعــد سورة البقرة(2هـ)</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ترتيب
نزول سورة الطلاق بعد نزول سورة البقرة ب 12 سورة سورة(هي الفارق بين العام 2 هـ
والعام5 هـ) :</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">1.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/2_5.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة البقرة
عدد آياتها 286</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
2.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/8.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الأنفال
75 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
3.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/3.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة آل عمران
200 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
4.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/33.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الأحزاب
73 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
5. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/61.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الممتحنة
13 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
6. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/4.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة
النســــــــــاء176 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
7.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/100.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الزلزلة 8
آيات</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
8. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/58.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة
الحديــــد 29 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
9.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/48.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة محمد 38
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
10.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/13.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الرعـد 43
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
11.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/56.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الرحمن 78
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
12.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/77.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الإنسان
31 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
13.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/66.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الطلاق 12
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
14.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/99.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة البيِّنة
8 آيات</span></b></a></span></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">26.ما الحكم
بالنسبة للمرأة الحامل في سورة الطلاق؟</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">نزل تشريع العدد كلها التي
لم تتنزل قبلاً في سورة البقرة وتكرر ذكر عدة اللآئي يحضن ضمناً علي أساس
فرضها قبلا في سورة البقرة لكن الذي تعدل فيها موضع العدة(ثلاثة قروء) من الطلاق ،
وسائر العدد نزل الشرع بها بكراً في سورة الطلاق وهي:</span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 25pt;"> </span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 25pt;">زاد الله
تعالي في أحكام العدد</span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 25pt;"> ( </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #c00000; font-size: 25pt; padding: 0in;"> و</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 25pt;"> </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #002060; font-size: 25pt; padding: 0in;"> َاللَّائِي
يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #002060; font-size: 25pt;">
فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ</span> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ
حَمْلَهُنَّ</span> وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="mso-bookmark: 65-5;"><span style="color: blue; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(4)</span></span></a>
ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ
عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 22pt;">(5)/سورة
الطلاق)</span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أ
) عدة اليائسة من المحيض<br />
ب) عدة الصغير التي لاتحيض<br />
ج) عدة المرأة الحامل</span></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 48pt;">تحقيق القول
في بطلان طلاق المرأة الحامل في حملها وكيف يكون…هو كالآتي:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">طلاق
الحامل:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"> انذار بإحصاء العدة(الحمل)</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">___<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ثم انتهـــاء الحمل بوضعه أو
سقطٍ</span>__<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ثم
الإمساك أو التطليق </span>_<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ثم التفريق والإشهاد</span></span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وهكذا
فقد تحتم أن المرأة الحامل في آخر تشريعات الطلاق المنزلة في سورة الطلاق <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">5 أو6هـ </span> وهي آخر
سورة تناولت كل تفصيلات الطلاق المُبدلة لا يسري طلاقها إلا في دبر حملها وبعد وضع
حملها وتلك هي عدتها(الحمل المتبوع بوضع وليدها) ولا تطليق للحامل بغير هذا،</span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span>
</span></b><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">شاء الكون كله أم أبي هكذا
قال الله(وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ
يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا (4) ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ
أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ
وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا (5)/سورة الطلاق)،</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الم
يَعِي الناس قوله تعالي ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">‼</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> بل ينُذر الله تعالي
عباده بقوله:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 30pt;">1. ذَلِكَ
أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ</span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 30pt;">2.وَمَنْ
يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا <br />
وقد كلف الله تعالي كل الذين يشرعون في تطليق نسائهم بأن نسائهم صاروا بعد تنزيل
سورة الطلاق هذه أنهن صرن زوجات لم يغيرهن وضع إرادة الزوج في التطليق لأنه سبحانه
وضع العدة عقبة عثرة في طريق كل الأزواج ابتداءاً من تنزيل سورة الطلاق :</span></b></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">عدة (طول مدة الحمل أو ما تبقي منها) </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: #b6dde8; font-size: 30pt;">ثم بعد وضع الحمل</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">: ثم إمساك أو طلاق ثم تفريق ثم إشهاد<br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ثم قال
تعالي:</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: #b6dde8; font-size: 30pt;">1</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 28pt;">.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 72pt;">(أَسْكِنُوهُـــــنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُـــمْ
مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">والمعنى</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
إسكان الزوجة المعتدة إحصاءاً في ذات الموضع الذي يسكن فيه الزوج-(</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 25pt;">أي اسكان الزوجة في نفس
المكان الذي فيه الزوج) انظر قول الأَزهري عن الليث: للعرب في <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> حَيْثُ </span> لغتان
فاللغة العالية...الي قوله:<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> والمعنى</span> زيدٌ في موضع فيه عمرو فعمرو مرتفع بفيه وهو صلة
للموضع وزيدٌ مرتفعٌ بفي الأُولى وهي خَبره وليست بصلة لشيء</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;">)</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="background: rgb(182, 221, 232); border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: -2.9pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 728px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 545.8pt;" valign="top" width="728"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt; line-height: 115%;">هنا
شرع الله تعالي حكم سكني المرأة في العدة ومكانها من حيث يسكن الزوج الراغب في
فراق امرأته عندما يحين أجل الطلاق ولفظ <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> من حيث سكنتم </span> هو للدلالة علي ظرفية المكان التي
ستسكن فيه المرأة المتأهبة للفراق بعد نهاية العدة ألا وهو ذات المكان الذي يسكن
فيه الرجل لأنهما لم يزالا زوجين في العدة والسبب هو تحريز التلفظ بالطلاق جبراً
خلف عدة الإحصاء /جاء في لسان العرب لابن منظور </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt; line-height: 115%;">[حَيْثُ
ظرف مُبْهم من الأَمْكِنةِ مَضموم كقولك قمت حيثُ زيدٌ قائمٌ وأَهلُ الكوفة
يُجيزون حذف قائم ويرفعون زيداً بحيثُ وهو صلة لها فإِذا أَظْهَروا قائماً بعد زيدٍ
أَجازوا فيه الوجهين الرفعَ والنصبَ فيرفعون الاسم أَيضاً وليس بصلة لها
ويَنْصِبُونَ خَبَرَه ويرفعونه فيقولون قامتْ مقامَ صفتين<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> والمعنى</span> زيدٌ في
موضع فيه عمرو فعمرو مرتفع بفيه وهو صلة للموضع وزيدٌ مرتفعٌ بفي الأُولى وهي
خَبره وليست بصلة لشيء ]</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 25pt; line-height: 115%;">
قال الأَزهري عن الليث: للعرب في <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> حَيْثُ </span> لغتان فاللغة العالية...الي قوله:<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> والمعنى</span> زيدٌ في
موضع فيه عمرو فعمرو مرتفع بفيه وهو صلة للموضع وزيدٌ مرتفعٌ بفي الأُولى وهي
خَبره وليست بصلة لشيء</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span>
<div style="background: black; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 26pt;">2.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 90pt;">وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ</span></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></span>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="background: rgb(242, 219, 219); border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: -17.05pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 737px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 552.85pt;" valign="top" width="737"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">جاء في
لسان العرب: روي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنه قال لا ضَرَرَ ولا ضِرارَ في
الإسلام قال ولكل واحد من اللفظين معنى غير الآخر فمعنى <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> قوله لا ضَرَرَ</span> أَي لا
يَضُرّ الرجل أَخاه وهو ضد النفع وقوله <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ولا ضِرار </span> أَي لا يُضَارّ كل واحد منهما صاحبه <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">فالضِّرَارُ</span> منهما
معاً <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> والضَّرَر</span>
فعل واحد ومعنى قوله <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> ولا
ضِرَار </span> أَي لا يُدْخِلُ الضرر على الذي ضَرَّهُ ولكن يعفو عنه
كقوله عز وجل (ادْفَعْ بالتي هي أَحسن فإِذا الذي بينك وبينه عداوة كأَنه ولِيٌّ
حَمِيمٌ) قال ابن الأَثير قوله لا ضَرَرَ أَي لا يَضُرّ الرجل أَخاه فَيَنْقُصه
شيئاً من حقه والضِّرارُ فِعَالٌ من الضرّ أَي لا يجازيه على إِضراره بإِدخال
الضَّرَر عليه <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">والضَّرَر
فعل الواحد</span> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">والضِّرَارُ
فعل الاثنين</span> <span style="border: 1pt solid; color: #003300; padding: 0in;">والضَّرَر ابتداء الفعل والضِّرَار الجزاء عليه</span> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">وقيل الضَّرَر ما تَضُرّ بِه صاحبك
وتنتفع أَنت به والضِّرار أَن تَضُره من غير أَن تنتفع</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">وقيل هما بمعنى وتكرارهما للتأْكيد</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> وهنا
في سورة الطلاق المعني هو النهي عن الضرار بالزوجة في العدة ونوعه أن يمسكها </span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
<div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt;">3</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt;">3.</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 84pt;">وَإِنْ
كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ
فَأَنْفِقُــــوا عَلَيْهِــــــنَّ حَتَّى
يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُـــنَّ</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -9.95pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 737px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: rgb(198, 217, 241); border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 552.85pt;" valign="top" width="737"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #003300; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">في هذه الآية تشريع بكر لم ينزل من قبل في سورة البقرة <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">1و2هـ</span> وهو فرض
الإنفاق علي الزوجة الحامل المتأهبة للطلاق بعد أن تضع حملها وفي عدتها التي هي
مدة حملها طالت أم قصرت حتي تضع حملها بسقط أو ولادة وبوضع حملها ينتهي أمران:<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الأول منهما</span> هو حلول
وقت طلاقها في هذا الموضع وفيه فقط إن لم يشأ الزوج أن يمسكها و يتخلي عن عزمه
بطلاقها <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> والثاني</span>:
هو بانتهاء حملها ووضعه: يحين وقت طلاقها فإذا طلقها زوجها في هذا<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الموضع وفيه فقط</span> فقد
حُرمت عليه وصارت تحل للخطاب وعليه فلا انفاق عليها إنما كان الإنفاق عليها فرضا
علي الزوج لأنها تحمل له وليده في حملها فما لزمة الإنفاق وقد وضعت له ولده ثم
فارقته وولده ألي دار أوليائها لتتأهل للخطاب ؟!! إلا في حالة واحدة أن ترضي أن
ترضع للمطلق ولده فحين ذلك فرض الله علي الزوج أن ينفق عليها وولدها لا لأنها
مطلقته ولكن لكونها مرضعة ابنه وولده برغم كونها أمه ولا يشفع عند الرجل حين ذلك
أنها أمه في حجب النفقة عنها وليست مطالبة بارضاع وليدها بل المطالب باستئجار
مرضعة له هو والده فإن كانت هي التي سترضع فعلي المطلق إذن أن ينفق عليها لا
كمطلقة لكن كمرضعة لولده </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #003300; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"> فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ
لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -17.05pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 747px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 559.95pt;" valign="top" width="747"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #003300; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">إن الإنفاق علي المطلقة بعد انتهاء عدة حملها ومضاء عزم
الزوج علي تطليقها في دبر عدتها وبعد وضع حملها قد أنهاه وضع حملها والولادة
وفتح الطريق للزوج بحصوله علي لفظ الطلاق الذي كان محرزا خلف العدة(خلف جدار مدة
حمل المرأة) وقد وضعت له ولده ثم </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">فارقته وولده</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #003300; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"> ألي دار
أوليائها لتتأهل للخطاب ؟!! إلا في حالة واحدة <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> أن ترضي هي مختارة أن ترضع للمطلق ولده فحين ذلك فرض الله
علي الزوج أن ينفق عليها وولدها</span> لا لأنها مطلقته ولكن لكونها مرضعة لإبنه
وولده برغم كونها أمه ولا يشفع عند الرجل حين ذلك أنها أمه في حجب النفقة عنها
وليست مطالبة بارضاع وليدها بل هو المطالب باستئجار مرضعة له فإن كانت هي التي
سترضع فعلي المطلق إذن أن ينفق عليها لا كمطلقة لكن كمرضعة لولده</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"> فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ
لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"> </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;">وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ
فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى(6) لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ
قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ
اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آَتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ
يُسْرًا(7)/سورة الطلاق)</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #003300; font-size: 55pt;">الباب الثاني</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 48pt;">الزوجة بعد
تنزيل سورة الطلاق مُمَنَّعَةٌ مُحَصَّنَة من التطليق بالعدة</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ولأن الزوجة بعد تنزيل
سورة الطلاق مُمَنَّعَةٌ مُحَصَّنَة من التطليق بالعدة لأجل ذلك فقد فُرِضَ علي
الأزواج الآتي:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">1 .</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
الإنتهاء عن إخراجهن من البيوت.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 29pt; padding: 0in;">2 . </span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 29pt;"> الإنتهاء عن أن تخرج
المرأة من بيتها(آية1/سورة الطلاق)</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">3 . </span>التكليف
بإسكانهن من حيث سكنتم، ولن يتحمل غير الزوج شأن زوجته في المسكن والمطعم والمشرب
والمسكن</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">(ألم
يبقها الله زوجة في عدتها بتنزيل سورة الطلاق وقد بدل سبحانه حالها الذي كان في
سورة البقرة2هـ <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> من
</span> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">مطلقة</span>
وجب عليها عدة الاستبراء<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">
الي </span> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> زوجة
</span> يجمعهما هي وزوجها بيت واحد يعتدان فيه عدة الإحصاء وقد حرز
الله لفظ الطلاق إلي نهاية العدة ؟. بلي) :</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 28pt;">قال
تعالي(أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ)</span></b></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #c00000; font-size: 36pt;">
</span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 28pt; padding: 0in;">4 .</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;"> الانتهاء عن محاولات
الأزواج أن يُضَيِّقوا عليهن فكفي ما بِهِنَّ من الضيق الذي وضعها زوجها فيه من
تحسسٍ مستمرٍ لألم وشبح الفراق وترقب حدوثة طول مدة العدة وترقب انتهائها:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 72pt;">عدة ثم إمساك
أو طلاق</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">قال الله(وَلَا
تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ)</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">5 .</span> وقد أوصي
الله تعالي خاصة بأولات الأحمال في نفس الآيات فقال:(وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ
فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ)<span style="background: black; color: white;">/6 الطلاق</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">6 .</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى <span style="background: black; color: white;">(6)/الطلاق، </span>…<br />
<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">7 .</span>هذه( مرحلة ما
بعد وضع الحامل حملها وانزلاقها لهوة الطلاق وبعده التفريق ثم الإشهاد بعد
العدة(وضع حملها) والذي تم نتيجةً لاستمرار عزم زوجها علي ذلك وقد نفذ سهم الفراق
بينهما وصارت الزوجة (مطلقةً ووليدها من زوجها المطلق لها)لذلك كلف بالآتي في :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">أ ) </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ
مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">ب ) </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وَلَا
تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 29pt;">ج ) </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 29pt;"> وَإِنْ
كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> الي هنا تنتهي مرحلة
الزوجية بالطلاق والتفريق والإشهاد عندما حل ميقات الطلاق في دبر عدة الحامل وهي
وضع حملها </span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 27pt;">ثم بعد
التفريق هناك تبعات ينبه الباري جل وعلي عليها وهي:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">د ) </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> فَإِنْ
أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">هـ)</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وَأْتَمِرُوا
بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">و )</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وَإِنْ
تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">ل )</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">لِيُنْفِقْ
ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا
آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آَتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ
اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا (7)/سورة الطلاق)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الي هنا تمت إجراءات عدة
الحامل وكل أحكامها بدقة ولم يتبقي غير تحقيق القول الشاذ بالطلاق في الحمل وهو
القول الذي تفرد به محمد ابن عبد الرحمن مولي طلحة قال النسائي في كتابه الأقضية
عقب رواية هذا الحديث</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;">(تفرد
به محمد بن عبد الرحمن لا يتابع فيه عليه)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ويكفي ما قاله الحافظ
النسائي ومعناه شذوذ روايته هذه ومخالفته لكل الثقات الضابطين فرواه من حيث لم
يرووه وتفرد به مخالفا لهم أجمعين وهو وإن كان ثقة لكن حديثه لا يناطح حديث العدول
الضابطين عنه في الحفظ كمال عن نافع عن ابن عمر وخلافه ويكفي غمزا فيه أن البخاري
أعرض عن حديثه ولم يرو له في الجامع الصحيح له وامتدح فيه العلم باللغة ولم يمتدح
فيه الضبط والإتقان في الحفظ.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 28pt;">22.</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 48pt;">التفريق
هو:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">إبعاد
الزوجين ليصيروا أغرابا <br />
وبمعني آخر:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">فالتفريق
هو: فك وثاق الزوجين ،وإبعادهم أغرابا <br />
فالتفريق هو :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">تفريق
بعد توثيق</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وبمعني
ثالث:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">فالتفريق
هو:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">تحريم
الزوج علي زوجته بعد أن حالت العدة دون تطليقها ثم فرقهما الطلاق بعد العدة ذلك
لأن الله قدم العدة علي التطليق:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">23.صار
التطليق(في تشريع سورة الطلاق(5هـ) منهجا وشريعة وسيرة بين المؤمنين يجب إشهارة
بالإشهاد وإقامة الشهادة لله ويشهد علي فراقهما اثنان ذوا عدل من المسلمين(وأشهدوا
ذوي عدل منكم وأقيموا الشهادة لله) لأنها ستُحَرَّمُ علي زوجها للتَوَّ وتحل بذات
التو للأزواج والفيصل إقامة الشهادة لله ،</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">24.
يعني قد صارت العدة يليها التطليق في سورة الطلاق(5هـ) التي تؤدي إلي</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-size: 30pt;">--</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> التفريق والتفريق بين
الزوجين </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">--</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">يلزمه إشهاد بذوي عدل من
المسلمين لأن الزوجة التي خرجت من عدتها وفارقها زوجها بالتطليق في دبر العدة ستحل
تو<span style="color: red;">ااً</span> للأزواج بهذا التفريق المشهد عليه <br />
يتبع إن شاء الله ص25</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 36pt;">الترتيب التاريخي في نزول سورة الطلاق(5هـ)بعــد سورة البقرة(2هـ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ترتيب
نزول سورة الطلاق بعد نزول سورة البقرة ب12سورة سورة (هي الفارق بين العام 2 هـ
والعام5 هـ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 15pt;">1.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/2_5.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة البقرة
عدد آياتها 286</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 15pt;"> <br />
</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">2.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/8.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الأنفال
75 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
3.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/3.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة آل عمران
200 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
<span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">4.</span></span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/33.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الأحزاب
73 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 15pt;"> <br />
</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">5. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/61.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الممتحنة
13 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
6. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/4.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة
النســــــــــاء176 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;"> <br />
7.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/100.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الزلزلة 8
آيات</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
8. </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/58.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة
الحديــــد 29 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
9.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/48.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة محمد 38
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
10.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/13.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الرعـد 43
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
11.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/56.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الرحمن 78
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
12.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/77.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الإنسان
31 آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">
<br />
<span style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0);">13.</span></span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/66.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة الطلاق 12
آية</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 15pt;"> <br />
</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 15pt;">14.</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://qouranversewrittenverse.blogspot.com/2014/09/99.html"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 15pt;">سورة البيِّنة
8 آيات</span></b></a></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">26. ما الحكم
بالنسبة للمرأة الحامل في:</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
سور</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ة الطلاق؟</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">^نزل
تشريع العدد كلها التي لم تتنزل قبلاً في سورة البقرة وتكرر ذكر عدة اللآئي يحضن
ضمنا علي أساس فرضها قبلا في سورة البقرة لكن الذي تعدل فيها موضع:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">العدة
(ثلاثة قروء) من الطلاق ، وسائر العدد نزل الشرع بها بكراً في سورة الطلاق وهي: <br />
زاد الله تعالي في أحكام العدد</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أ
)عدة اليائسة من المحيض</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ب)عدة
الصغير التي لاتحيض</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ج)عدة
المرأة الحامل</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: black; border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">تحقيق القول
في طلاق المرأة الحامل وكيف يكون…هو كالآتي:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: red; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"> طـــلاق الحامــل </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> .</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">انذار بإحصاء العدة</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">العدة </span> <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">ثم انتهاء الحمل </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">بالوضع</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;"> الإمساك أو التطليق</span>
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ثم <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">التفريق والإشهاد</span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
وهكذا فقد تحتم أن المرأة الحامل في آخر تشريعات الطلاق المنزلة في آخر سورة
تناولت كل تفصيلات الطلاق المعدلة بالتبديل لا يسري طلاقها إلا في دُبُرِ حملها وبعد
وضع حملها، وتلك هي عدتها(الحمل المتبوع بوضع وليدها أو بسقوطها)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;">ولا تطليق
بغير هذا شاء الكون كله أم أبي هكذا قال الله(وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ
أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ
يُسْرًا (4) ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ
يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا (5)/سورة الطلاق)،</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ألم
يعيَ الناس قوله تعالي ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">‼</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> بل ينُذر الله تعالي
عباده بقوله: <br />
1.<span style="color: red;">ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ</span> <br />
2.<span style="color: #000066;">وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ
سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا</span> <br />
وقد كلف الله تعالي كل الذين يَشْرَعُوَن في تطليق نسائهم بأن نسائهم صِرنَ بعد
تنزيل سورة الطلاق هذه</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #cc0099; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;">5</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #000066; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"> أو</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; color: #cc0099; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;">6</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;">هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
زوجات لم يغيرهن وضع إرادة الزوج أو شروعه في التطليق،لأنه سبحانه وضع العدة
عقبة عثرة في طريق كل الأزواج ابتداءاً من تنزيل سورة الطلاق :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 36pt;">عـــــــدة
أولات الأحمــال </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 36pt;">(طول مدة الحمل أو ما تبقي منها) ثم إمساك أو طلاق بعد وضع الحمل ثم
إمساك أو تفريق ثم إشهاد</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: red; border: 1pt solid; color: white; font-size: 36pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 1pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ويصف
الباري جل وعلا حال النساء في العدة وما ينبغي علي الأزواج أن يكون منهم: <br />
فقال تعالي:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">1.(أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ
مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ <br />
2.وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">3.وَإِنْ
كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">4.فَإِنْ
أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ
وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى (6)</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">5.لِيُنْفِقْ
ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا
آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آَتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ
اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا (7)/سورة الطلاق) <br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ولأن الزوجة بعد تنزيل
سورة الطلاق مُمَنَّعَةٌ مُحَصَّنَةٌ من التطليق بالعدة لأجل ذلك فرض علي الأزواج
الآتي : <br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الإنتهاء عن إخراجهن من
البيوت <br />
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الإنتهاء عن أن تخرج
المرأة من بيتها آية1/سورة الطلاق) <br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">التكليف بإسكانهنَّ من حيث
سكنتم،ولن يتحمل غير الزوج حمل زوجته في المسكن والمطعم والمشرب والمسكن (ألم
يجعلها الله زوجة في عدتها؟ بلي)قال تعالي(أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ
مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ) <br />
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الانتهاء عن محاولات
الأزواج أن يُضَيِّقوا عليهن فكفي ما بها من ضيق ما وضعها زوجها فيه من تحسس مستمر
لألم وشبح الفراق وترقب حدوثة طول مدة العدة وترقب انتهائها:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 46pt;">عدة
الإحصاء ثم الإمساك أو الطلاق</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">قال
الله(وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ) <br />
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وقد أوصي الله تعالي خاصة
علي أولات الأحمال في نفس الآيات فقال: وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا
عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ/6الطلاق <br />
فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 26pt;">(6)/الطلاق،</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">’هذه
مرحلة ما بعد وضع الحامل حملها وانزلاقها لِهُوَةِ الطلاق وبعده التفريق ثم
الإشهاد بعد العدة(يعرف نهايتها بوضع حملها)والذي تم نتيجةً لاستمرار عزم زوجها
علي ذلك وقد نفذ سهم الفراق بينهما وصارت الزوجة (زوجة ووليدها من زوجها المطلق
لها)لذلك كلف بالآتي في: <br />
أ) أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ <br />
ب) وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ <br />
ج)وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ
<br />
الي هنا تنتهي مرحلة الزوجية بالطلاق والتفريق عندما حل ميقات الطلاق في دبر عدة
الحامل وهي وضع حملها ثم بعد التفريق هناك تبعات ينبه الباري جل وعلا عليها وهي: <br />
د)فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ هـ)وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ <br />
و )وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى <br />
ل )لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ
فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا
آَتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا (7)/سورة الطلاق) <br />
الي هنا تمت إجراءات عدة الحامل وكل أحكامها بدقة في سورة الطلاق والتي لم يرد لها
ذكرٌ في أي سورة أخري </span></div>
</div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" dir="rtl" style="background: rgb(99, 36, 35); border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 534.1pt;" valign="top" width="712"><div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 115%;">تحقيق الحديث الشاذ لمحمد بن عبد الرحمن (…فليطلقها طاهرا أو
حاملا)</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وقد
تم توضيح شذوذ حديث محمد بن عبد الرحمن في ذكره الطلاق في الحمل ومعارضته للآيات
في سورة الطلاق ثم لكل الروايات الواردة في حديث ابن عمر التي لم تذكر الطلاق في
الحمل وشذ هو فخالف هذا الجمع من الرواة الذين لم يذكروه وذكره هو مخالفا ويكفي
تعليق الحافظ النسائي علي هذه الرواية في كتاب الأقضية بقوله(لا يتابع علي هذا
الحديث) تتبع.الرابط </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_15.html"><b><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_15.html</span></b></a></span><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;">والرابط:
</span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_97.html"><b><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_97.html</span></b></a></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 80pt;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="border: 1pt solid; font-size: 100pt; padding: 0in;">عدد الطلقات</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
أما عدد الطلقات فقد شرعه الله تعالي في سورة البقرة واستمر إقراره بسورة الطلاق
لأنه لم ينزل بحكمه شيء في سورة الطلاق </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">والقاعدة:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 30pt;">1.</span><span dir="RTL" face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أن الذي
نزل <span style="background: black; color: yellow;">بعـــــــــدُ</span> هو ناســـخ
لما نزل بذات الشأن <span style="background: black; color: yellow;">قَبــــــــل </span>،وما
لم ينزل به تشريع في سورة البقرة شرعهُ الله في سورة الطلاق </span><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
2. </span><span dir="RTL" face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وما نزل
بشأنه تشريعٌ في السورتين فالهيمنة للذي نزل <span style="background: black; color: yellow;">بعــــــــــــد</span> يعني متراخيا (أي لسورة الطلاق) وعليه
فحكم تقييد الطلقات بعدد ثلاثة مستمر ولم يُبَدَّل في سورة الطلاق إنما الذي
بُدِّل هو موضع الطلاق من العدة</span><span style="font-size: 30pt;">:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 39pt;">من</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">طـــــلاق ثم عـــــــــــدة استبراء</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">(في تشريع سورة البقرة</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: yellow; font-size: 39pt;">1 و2 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 39pt;">تبدل
الي:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">عدة إحصاءٍ ثم إمساك أو طلاق</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">(في تشريع سورة الطلاق </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: blue; color: white; font-size: 39pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: blue; color: yellow; font-size: 39pt;">5 أو6 هـ</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlG5gnWyY8nNFW2OzAkvD6PfFGRbrK4HsGQ4UWCYoMzPj7t0qqp0AvQiEQQcIb9WIWm2PkslYN6tmTFXkz5emuPaGw8A6RaUdKaxgwndl7Qpf4iVGI8mxEARvSwFY_KJ-K1j-7OT1S1U/s1600/12+%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AD.bmp"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJlG5gnWyY8nNFW2OzAkvD6PfFGRbrK4HsGQ4UWCYoMzPj7t0qqp0AvQiEQQcIb9WIWm2PkslYN6tmTFXkz5emuPaGw8A6RaUdKaxgwndl7Qpf4iVGI8mxEARvSwFY_KJ-K1j-7OT1S1U/s640/12+%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AD.bmp" border="0" height="400" src="file:///C:\Users\AHMEDA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" width="640" /></span></span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPE9FzGG_5HSg9xumy6dzzn7bMMuWJ3VWfH8VDJg2zzyuOWBfp8wd9wmccaW3LR55hcrjM9k3XVWAtShetAlK03ymasjyG-SCXghyJKO8N8qcZ8zxSpO81DumGCmi3S0NvdC5su7ubRSg/s1600/21.bmp"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPE9FzGG_5HSg9xumy6dzzn7bMMuWJ3VWfH8VDJg2zzyuOWBfp8wd9wmccaW3LR55hcrjM9k3XVWAtShetAlK03ymasjyG-SCXghyJKO8N8qcZ8zxSpO81DumGCmi3S0NvdC5su7ubRSg/s640/21.bmp" border="0" height="434" src="file:///C:\Users\AHMEDA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg" width="640" /></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-VFr8FboXVgXv4GB3IMckUz-3JqyUKGRXkGDLrxR9K-YCRPawOFsixRUTmQcEbuHhZoijX6Iy5VhT0c9g658UJwqDr7SUB-jehyatkBe3ojgt8LSd_eV-YnTxGnDCQF7LJu4RE2QBv4A/s1600/30.bmp"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-VFr8FboXVgXv4GB3IMckUz-3JqyUKGRXkGDLrxR9K-YCRPawOFsixRUTmQcEbuHhZoijX6Iy5VhT0c9g658UJwqDr7SUB-jehyatkBe3ojgt8LSd_eV-YnTxGnDCQF7LJu4RE2QBv4A/s640/30.bmp" border="0" height="382" src="file:///C:\Users\AHMEDA~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg" width="640" /></span></span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 39pt;">من</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">طـــــلاق ثم عـــــــــــدة استبراء</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 39pt;">تبدل
الي:</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: navy; color: white; font-size: 39pt;">عدة إحصاءٍ ثم إمساك أو طلاق</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">فالطلاق موضعه من العدة
كالآتي في سائر أحوال المرأة بعد تنزيل سورة الطلاق في العام5هـ تقريبا:
<br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">طلاق اللائي يحضن من
النساء هو : <br />
عدة قدرها ثلاثة قروء أولا ثم طلاق ثم التفريق ثم الإشهاد</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">طلاق اليائسة(الآيسة) من المحيض والصغيرة التي لم تحض والمرضع التي غابت
عنها الحيض نتيجة وفرة هرمون اللاكتين والبرو لاكتين:هو: </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">عدة قدرها <span style="background: purple; color: white;">ثلاثة أشهر قمرية </span>ثم <span style="background: purple; color: white;">الإمساك أو التطليق</span> ثم </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: purple; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">التفريق</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
ثم <span style="background: purple; color: white;">الإشهاد</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">*</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">طلاق المرأة الحامل:</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> <span style="background: red; color: white;">عدة إحصاء</span> قدرها طول مدة الحمل </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">أو
ما تبقي منها ثم <span style="background: red; color: white;">وضع الحمل</span>
ثم <span style="background: red; color: white;">الإمساك أو التطليق </span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ثم
<span style="background: red; color: white;">التفريق </span>ثم <span style="background: red; color: white;">الإشهاد</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">طلاق الأمة</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
:عدة قدرها حيضة واحدة (للائي يحضن منهن)ثم التطليق ثم التفريق ثم الإشهاد</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 30pt;">طلاق الأمة الحامل من سيدها</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
مثل طلاق المرأة الحرة الحامل يعني:عدة قدرها طول مدة الحمل ثم تضع حملها ثم
التطليق ثم التفريق ثم الاشهاد</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 36pt;">أما أحكام عدد
الطلقات التي قيدها الله تعالي في سورة البقرة واستمر هذا التقييد لم يتبدل منه
شيئ إلي آخر تنزيل القرآن والي يوم القيامة </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">قال
تعالي (الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ
وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آَتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ
يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا
حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ
اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ
الظَّالِمُونَ (229) فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى
تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ
يَتَرَاجَعَا إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ
يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (230)/سورة البقرة) </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">وقد تعدَّل ترتيب <span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in;">موضع الطلاق من العدة</span>
في سورة الطلاق</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxeICzredREf3RW1ZINbxihYHSgdqOYdP4U1Ah25d79q59aGysqpHrOsMgtJVzdgFJnHTGjShOEBZHKsWXwP5fJveE8WnYT2zdBUpoVzb9brJMM-ZdMVYBcT5KhHR4J4q8v8IxtTDnxx3/s1600/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A+%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA+6---0039.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxeICzredREf3RW1ZINbxihYHSgdqOYdP4U1Ah25d79q59aGysqpHrOsMgtJVzdgFJnHTGjShOEBZHKsWXwP5fJveE8WnYT2zdBUpoVzb9brJMM-ZdMVYBcT5KhHR4J4q8v8IxtTDnxx3/s640/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A+%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA+6---0039.jpg" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuDwyC_UTHZSC6u1sgPCsMP6_GeQPAqd3xGa1cxQ75x-QaiwS54PEjbl_xJsyHrZsDt6MDlXIL1sfv0b9FWcdwkRAod_ycleFx1E9xDW01VeqtjIA6OVwNjrabp_tyGXkcVdCcvuToNm7/s1600/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A+%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA+6---0041.jpg"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq7MQCy1iQOnNCpWV5k-n74DOO5WvJb9a9RqQehj_9K3RTtgguaoLbXZHotZRKidu2_nads95UmXlP51d87AhQ8MszLkOJrrOUqoOj43ff_lOPpep3csROjMpK3IAI5Eof3-z9Jro2IJI_/s640/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A+%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA+6---0040.jpg" /><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuDwyC_UTHZSC6u1sgPCsMP6_GeQPAqd3xGa1cxQ75x-QaiwS54PEjbl_xJsyHrZsDt6MDlXIL1sfv0b9FWcdwkRAod_ycleFx1E9xDW01VeqtjIA6OVwNjrabp_tyGXkcVdCcvuToNm7/s640/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF+%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A+%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA+6---0041.jpg" /></a></div>
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">فصـــــــــــــــــــــار
:</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: black; color: white; font-size: 30pt;">عدة احصاء ثم إمساك أو طلاق في سورة الطلاق </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span><br />
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">بعد أن كان </span><br />
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="background: black; color: white;">طلاقا ثم عدة استبراء في سورة البقرة</span> </span><br />
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">لكن بقي حكم تقييد العدد بثلاث مرات مرتين يحق للزوج إرجاع زوجته
فيهما بحرية لكن بتشريع تقديم العدة علي الطلاق كما نزل بسورة الطلاق5هـ..والثالثة إن حدثت فلا تحل له حتي تنكح زوجا غيره<span style="color: red;">[والنكاح هنا يتم
بعقد وصداق وشهود وولي + وجوب الوطء وتذوق العسيلة ثم إن طلقها الزوج الثاني
<span style="color: blue;">بِعِدَّةٍ </span>أولاً <span style="color: blue;">ثم</span> <span style="color: blue;">طلاق ثم تفريق ثم إشهاد</span> فيجوز أن تُرد إلي زوجها الأول بعقد
وصداق وولي وشهود؛ علي وضع وعدد جديد من الطلقات شأنه في ذلك شأن سائر الأزواج</span></span><span style="color: red;"><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;">(راجع الآيات السابق ذكرها
هنا في سورة البقرة)</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;"> </span></b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); border: 1pt solid; color: yellow; font-size: 30pt; padding: 0in;"> أما حكم الخُلع </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> فقد تنزل تشريعه في
سورة البقرة واستمر التشريع قائماً لم يُبدَّلَ فيه شيئ من أصله إلا ما سري عليه
من عموم التبديل العام لوضع الطلاق من العدة، يعني من أرادت أن تفتدي من زوجها
بفدية أقسط شيئ فيها هو أن ترد عليه مهره أو صداقه<b>(وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ
تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آَتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا
حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ
عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا
وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ (229)/البقرة)</b>فعليها
أن تعرض رغبتها في الإفتداء فتُفدي أي تُخلع، ولا يمانع الزوج من افتدائها وأقسط
شيء يطلبه الزوج هو مهرها الذي أمهرها إياها كصداق وعليها أن ترده إن أرادت أن
تختلع (أو تَفدِي نفسها من قيد زواج زوجها) <br />
<span style="color: red;">2.</span>يسمي التفريق بينهما تفريقا وليس تطليقا ويجب أن يُشَهد عليه كي تحل بهذه
الشهادة.للخطاب</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-%20post_11.html"><span dir="LTR" face=""" sans-serif "" , "serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog</span><span style="color: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: "\0022sans-serif\0022"; mso-hansi-font-family: "\0022sans-serif\0022";">-
</span><span dir="LTR" face=""" sans-serif "" , "serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;">post_11.html</span></a></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">.عدة
المختلعة التي تحيض هي حَيضَةٌ واحدة تستبرأ فيها لرحمها ثم تحل بعد هذه العدة
للخُطَّاب </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;"><br />
4.لا يحسب هذا التفريق من حق الزوج في ثلاث طلقات لأن الزوج مُجبر علي فراقها
والحق الذي أعطاه الله للزوج من عدد الطلقات هو حق يُنفِقه هو بإرادته واختياره
وقد ورد في أصح لفظ لحديث التفريق بين ثابت بن قيس وزوجته بأنه تفريق وليس تطليق
وروايات التطليق في صحيح البخاري وسائر المصنفات أقل ضبطا وحفظاً من روايات
التفريق (انظر تحقيق روايات حادثة اختلاع فاطمة بنت قيس وثابت</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">رابط
صفحة التحقيق بالمدونة هو: <br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_5.htm"><span dir="LTR" face=""" sans-serif "" , "serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-size: 11pt;">http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_5.htm</span></a></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 20pt;"> </span><span dir="LTR" face=""" sans-serif "" , "serif"" style="color: white; font-size: 20pt;">l</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">الآيات.بسورة الطلاق(5هـ) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">قال الله تعالي بعد سنوات
من نزول سورة البقرة في تنزيل جديد أنزله بالحق وبالحق نزل في سورة الطلاق <br />
من آية رقم1 الي آيةرقم7 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-size: 26pt;"> (يَا
أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ
وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ
بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ
وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ
نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا (1) فَإِذَا
بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ
بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ
لِلَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ
وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا (2) وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا
يَحْتَسِبُ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
بَالِغُ أَمْرِهِ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرًا (3) وَاللَّائِي
يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ
ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ
أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ
أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا (4) ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ
اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا (5) /سورة الطلاق)
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">ثم
من آية رقم 6الي رقم 7 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: #cc0099; font-size: 28pt;"> (أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ
مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا
عَلَيْهِنَّ وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى
يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآَتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ
وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ
أُخْرَى (6) لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ
فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آَتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا
آَتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا (7</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 18pt;">)/سورة الطلاق</span></b><b><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 18pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 30pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: red;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">حوادث الطلاق ابان العمل بتشريع سورة الطلاق(5هـ) </span></span><br />
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">{</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">حديث عبد الله بن عمر من
أوثق طرقه وأحفظ رواياته وهو من رواية السلسلة الذهبية كما نص علي ذلك البخاري
وابن حجر العسقلاني في كتاب سلسلة الذهب(رابط التنزيل للكتاب هو<span style="color: red;"> </span></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://www.google.com.eg/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0ahUKEwjptMTwkJPNAhWHXBoKHbakA-sQFgg1MAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fd1.islamhouse.com%2Fdata%2Far%2Fih_books%2Fsingle6%2Far_a7adeeth_As_Slslt_Az_Zhbeet.doc&usg=AFQjCNGZGV4idah_7JOLh1hSTSi4Ei0aBA&cad=rja"><span style="color: white; font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: red;">تنزيل كتاب
السلسلة الذهبية</span></span></a></span><span style="color: red;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span><br /><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_6.html"><span dir="LTR" face=""" sans-serif "" , "serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: white; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: red;">http://altalak.blogspot.com.eg/2016/06/blog-post_6.h</span>ئء</span></a></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">اتفق
علي نصه الشيخان(البخاري ومسلم وغيرهما من الحفاظ وما جاء فيه مخالفةً لنصه من
روايات أخري فقد حدث به عللة من علل المتن راجع الرابط:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: right; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span style="color: red;"><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://wwwaltalaaklleddh.blogspot.com.eg/2015/12/blog-post_26.html"><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;">http://wwwaltalaaklleddh.blogspot.com.eg/2015/12/blog-post_26.html</span></a></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="color: white; font-size: 30pt;"><br />
</span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">والحديث
نصا :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">حدثنا </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 28pt;">إسماعيل بن عبد الله قال
حدثني مالك عن نافع عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما أنه طلق امرأته وهي حائض
على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فسأل عمر بن الخطاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه
وسلم عن ذلك فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم (مره فليراجعها ثم ليمسكها حتى
تطهر ثم تحيض ثم تطهر ثم إن شاء أمسك بعد وإن شاء طلق قبل أن يمس فتلك العدة التي
أمر الله أن تطلق لها النساء </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 153); color: white; font-size: 18pt;">(البخاري رقم4954 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 24pt;">راجع الرابط: </span><span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://wwwaltalaaklleddh.blogspot.com.eg/2015/12/blog-post_19.html"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">مدونة الطلاف
للعدة</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 30pt;">والذي ستجد فيه تحقيق كل
روايات حديث ابن عمر والخلافات في النقد وعللها في السند وهو تحقيق رائع فاذهب
اليه انقر في مستطيل الروابط عبارة: مدونة الطلاق للعدة</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="border: medium none; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span face=""(ah) manal black"" lang="AR-SA" style="background: maroon; color: white; font-size: 26pt;">يتبع إن شاء الله <span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span><b><span><a href="https://www.4shared.com/rar/a4-aKlKbba/___online.html">حمل كتاب الطلاق الشامل.rar</a></span></b></div>
</div>
*************</span></b><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَرَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا وَأَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سُمَيْعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ ، بِهِ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سُمَيْعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ بِهِ مُرْسَلًا . وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ [أَيْضًا] مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سُمَيْعٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَائِشَةَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الطَّلَاقَ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، فَأَيْنَ الثَّالِثَةُ ؟ قَالَ : " إِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ " . </span></b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span><a href="https://www.4shared.com/rar/a4-aKlKbba/___online.html">حمل كتاب الطلاق الشامل.rar</a></span></b></span></b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا [ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ] أَيْ : لَا [ ص: 613 ] يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُضَاجِرُوهُنَّ وَتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ ، لِيَفْتَدِينَ مِنْكُمْ بِمَا أَعْطَيْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنَ الْأَصْدِقَةِ أَوْ بِبَعْضِهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 19 ] فَأَمَّا إِنْ وَهَبَتْهُ الْمَرْأَةُ شَيْئًا عَنْ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهَا . فَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا)[النِّسَاءِ : 4] وَأَمَّا إِذَا تَشَاقَقَ الزَّوْجَانِ ، وَلَمْ تَقُمِ الْمَرْأَةُ بِحُقُوقِ الرَّجُلِ وَأَبْغَضَتْهُ وَلَمْ تَقْدِرْ عَلَى مُعَاشَرَتِهِ ، فَلَهَا أَنْ تَفْتَدِيَ مِنْهُ بِمَا أَعْطَاهَا ، وَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهَا فِي بَذْلِهَا ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبُولِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ الْآيَةَ . <br /><br /> فَأَمَّا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا عُذْرٌ وَسَأَلَتِ الِافْتِدَاءَ مِنْهُ ، فَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ وَحَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ قَالَا جَمِيعًا : حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ سَأَلَتْ زَوْجَهَا طَلَاقَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ بَأْسٍ فَحَرَامٌ عَلَيْهَا رَائِحَةُ الْجَنَّةِ " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ بِهِ . وَقَالَ حَسَنٌ : قَالَ : وَيُرْوَى ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي أَسْمَاءَ ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ . وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ . وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ قَالَ : وَذَكَرَ أَبَا أَسْمَاءَ وَذَكَرَ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ سَأَلَتْ زَوْجَهَا الطَّلَاقَ فِي غَيْرِ مَا بَأْسٍ فَحَرَامٌ عَلَيْهَا رَائِحَةُ الْجَنَّةِ " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ سَأَلَتْ زَوْجَهَا الطَّلَاقَ فِي غَيْرِ مَا بَأْسٍ ، حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ " . وَقَالَ : " الْمُخْتَلِعَاتُ هُنَّ الْمُنَافِقَاتُ " . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنْ مُزَاحِمِ بْنِ ذَوَّادِ بْنِ عُلْبَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ : [ص:614] <br /><br /> قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْمُخْتَلِعَاتُ هُنَّ الْمُنَافِقَاتُ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ، وَلَيْسَ إِسْنَادُهُ بِالْقَوِيِّ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ الْمُخْتَلِعَاتِ الْمُنْتَزِعَاتِ هُنَّ الْمُنَافِقَاتُ " غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ضَعِيفٌ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ أَبُو بِشْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا تَسْأَلُ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا الطَّلَاقَ فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ فَتَجِدَ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ ، وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لُيُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا " . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْمُخْتَلِعَاتُ وَالْمُنْتَزِعَاتُ هُنَّ الْمُنَافِقَاتُ " . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَدْ قَالَ طَائِفَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَأَئِمَّةِ الْخَلَفِ : إِنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ الْخُلْعُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الشِّقَاقُ وَالنُّشُوزُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الْمَرْأَةِ ، فَيَجُوزُ لِلرَّجُلِ حِينَئِذٍ قَبُولُ الْفِدْيَةِ ، وَاحْتَجُّوا بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا [ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ] . قَالُوا : فَلَمْ يَشْرَعِ الْخُلْعَ إِلَّا فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ فِي غَيْرِهَا إِلَّا بِدَلِيلٍ ، وَالْأَصْلُ عَدَمُهُ ، وَمِمَّنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، [ وَالْحَسَنُ ] وَالْجُمْهُورُ ، حَتَّى قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ : لَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ مَضَارٌّ لَهَا وَجَبَ رَدُّهُ إِلَيْهَا ، وَكَانَ الطَّلَاقُ رَجْعِيًّا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَهُوَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهِ . وَذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ الْخُلْعُ فِي حَالَةِ الشِّقَاقِ ، وَعِنْدَ الِاتِّفَاقِ بِطَرِيقِ الْأَوْلَى وَالْأَحْرَى ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ جَمِيعِ أَصْحَابِهِ قَاطِبَةً . وَحَكَى الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي كِتَابِ " الِاسْتِذْكَارُ " لَهُ ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُزَنِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْخُلْعَ مَنْسُوخٌ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَآتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنْطَارًا فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 20 ] . وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْهُ وَهَذَا قَوْلٌ ضَعِيفٌ وَمَأْخَذٌ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَى قَائِلِهِ . وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي شَأْنِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ وَامْرَأَتِهِ حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ . وَلْنَذْكُرْ طُرُقَ حَدِيثِهَا ، وَاخْتِلَافَ أَلْفَاظِهِ :[ ص: 615 ] <br /><br /> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ فِي مُوَطَّئِهِ : عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زَرَارَةَ ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصُّبْحِ فَوَجَدَ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ عِنْدَ بَابِهِ فِي الْغَلَسِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ هَذِهِ ؟ " قَالَتْ : أَنَا حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ . فَقَالَ : " مَا شَأْنُكِ ؟ " فَقَالَتْ : لَا أَنَا وَلَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ لِزَوْجِهَا فَلَمَّا جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَذِهِ حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ قَدْ ذَكَرَتْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَذْكُرَ " . فَقَالَتْ حَبِيبَةُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، كُلُّ مَا أَعْطَانِي عِنْدِي . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " خُذْ مِنْهَا " . فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَجَلَسَتْ فِي أَهْلِهَا . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ . وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ . وَالنَّسَائِيِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِهِ <br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو السَّدُوسِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ سَهْلٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ ، فَضَرَبَهَا فَكَسَرَ نُغْضَهَا فَأَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ فَاشْتَكَتْهُ إِلَيْهِ ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَابِتًا فَقَالَ : " خُذْ بَعْضَ مَالِهَا وَفَارِقْهَا " . قَالَ : وَيَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : " نَعَمْ " . قَالَ : فَإِنِّي أَصْدَقْتُهَا حَدِيقَتَيْنِ ، فَهُمَا بِيَدِهَا . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " خُذْهُمَا وَفَارِقْهَا " . فَفَعَلَ . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا لَفْظُ ابْنِ جَرِيرٍ . وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو السَّدُوسِيُّ هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُسَامِ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ فِيهِ : عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : <br /><br /> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَزْهَرُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا أَعْتِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي خُلُقٍ وَلَا دِينٍ ، وَلَكِنْ أَكْرَهُ الْكُفْرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اقْبَلِ الْحَدِيقَةَ وَطَلِّقْهَا تَطْلِيقَةً " . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ أَزْهَرَ بْنَ جَمِيلٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ ، مِثْلَهُ . وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ الْوَاسِطِيِّ ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّحَّانُ ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ ، هُوَ ابْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْحَذَّاءُ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بِهِ ، [ص:616] نَحْوَهُ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، بِهِ . وَفِي بَعْضِهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : لَا أُطِيقُهُ ، تَعْنِي : بُغْضًا . وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ أَفْرَادِ الْبُخَارِيِّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، أَنْ جَمِيلَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا . كَذَا قَالَ ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّ اسْمَهَا حَبِيبَةُ [ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ] . <br /><br /> قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَزْهَرُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الرَّقَاشِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّ جَمِيلَةَ بِنْتَ سَلُولَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا أَعْتِبُ عَلَى ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ فِي دِينٍ وَلَا خُلُقٍ ، وَلَكِنَّنِي أَكْرَهُ الْكُفْرَ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ ، لَا أُطِيقُهُ بُغْضًا . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " تَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا حَدِيقَتَهُ وَلَا يَزْدَادَ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ عَنْ أَزْهَرَ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلِهِ سَوَاءٍ ، وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ . وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، مِثْلَهُ ، لَكِنْ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ وَاضِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ عَنْ جَمِيلَةَ بِنْتِ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ:أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، فَنَشَزَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " يَا جَمِيلَةُ ، مَا كَرِهْتِ مِنْ ثَابِتٍ ؟ " قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا كَرِهْتُ مِنْهُ دِينًا وَلَا خُلُقًا ، إِلَّا أَنِّي كَرِهْتُ دَمَامَتَهُ ! فَقَالَ لَهَا : " أَتَرُدِّينَ الْحَدِيقَةَ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . فَرَدَّتِ الْحَدِيقَةَ ، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا . <br /><br />قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ : قَرَأْتُ عَلَى فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي جَرِيرٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عِكْرِمَةَ : هَلْ كَانَ لِلْخُلْعِ أَصْلٌ ؟ قَالَ : كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ أَوَّلَ خُلْعٍ كَانَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فِي أُخْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ، أَنَّهَا أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، لَا يَجْمَعُ رَأْسِي وَرَأْسَهُ شَيْءٌ أَبَدًا ، إِنِّي رَفَعْتُ جَانِبَ الْخِبَاءِ ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ أَقْبَلَ فِي عِدَّةٍ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ أَشُدُّهُمْ سَوَادًا ، وَأَقْصَرُهُمْ قَامَةً وَأَقْبَحُهُمْ وَجْهًا . قَالَ زَوْجُهَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُهَا أَفْضَلَ مَالِي ، حَدِيقَةً لِي ، فَإِنْ رَدَّتْ عَلَيَّ حَدِيقَتِي ؟ قَالَ : " مَا تَقُولِينَ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ زِدْتُهُ . قَالَ : فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا [ ص: 617 ] <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ : كَانَتْ حَبِيبَةُ بِنْتُ سَهْلٍ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا دَمِيمًا ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا مَخَافَةُ اللَّهِ إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ بَصَقْتُ فِي وَجْهِهِ ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتَرُدِّينَ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ ؟ " قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ . فَرَدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ حَدِيقَتَهُ . قَالَ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . <br /><br /> وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْأَئِمَّةُ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ ، فِي أَنَّهُ : هَلْ يَجُوزُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُفَادِيَهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَاهَا ؟ فَذَهَبَ الْجُمْهُورُ إِلَى جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ ، لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مَوْلَى سَمُرَةَ : أَنَّ عُمَرَ أُتِيَ بِامْرَأَةٍ نَاشِزٍ ، فَأَمَرَ بِهَا إِلَى بَيْتٍ كَثِيرِ الزِّبْلِ ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِهَا فَقَالَ : كَيْفَ وَجَدْتِ ؟ فَقَالَتْ : مَا وَجَدْتُ رَاحَةً مُنْذُ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي حَبَسْتَنِي . فَقَالَ لِزَوْجِهَا : اخْلَعْهَا وَلَوْ مِنْ قُرْطِهَا وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مَوْلَى سَمُرَةَ ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَزَادَ : فَحَبَسَهَا فِيهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ . <br /><br /> قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، فَشَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا ، فَأَبَاتَهَا فِي بَيْتِ الزِّبْلِ . فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَتْ قَالَ لَهَا : كَيْفَ وَجَدْتِ مَكَانَكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : مَا كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَيْلَةً أَقَرُّ لِعَيْنِي مِنْ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ . فَقَالَ : خُذْ وَلَوْ عِقَاصَهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : وَأَجَازَ عُثْمَانُ الْخُلْعَ دُونَ عِقَاصِ رَأْسِهَا . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ : أَنَّ الرُّبَيِّعَ بِنْتَ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ حَدَّثَتْهُ قَالَتْ : كَانَ لِي زَوْجٌ يُقِلُّ عَلَيَّ الْخَيْرَ إِذَا حَضَرَنِي ، وَيَحْرِمُنِي إِذَا غَابَ عَنِّي . قَالَتْ : فَكَانَتْ مِنِّي زَلَّةٌ يَوْمًا ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : أَخْتَلِعُ مِنْكَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَمْلِكُهُ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَتْ : فَفَعَلَتْ . قَالَتْ فَخَاصَمَ عَمِّي مُعَاذُ بْنُ عَفْرَاءَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، فَأَجَازَ الْخُلْعَ ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عِقَاصَ رَأْسِي فَمَا دُونَهُ ، أَوْ قَالَتْ : مَا دُونُ عِقَاصَ الرَّأْسِ . <br /><br /> وَمَعْنَى هَذَا : أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا كُلَّ مَا بِيَدِهَا مِنْ قَلِيلٍ وَكَثِيرٍ ، وَلَا يَتْرُكُ لَهَا سِوَى عِقَاصَ شَعْرِهَا . وَبِهِ يَقُولُابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، وَعُثْمَانُ الْبَتِّيُّ . وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَاللَّيْثِ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَأَبِي ثَوْرٍ ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ[ص: 618] <br /><br /> وَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ : إِنْ كَانَ الْإِضْرَارُ مِنْ قِبَلِهَا جَازَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا مَا أَعْطَاهَا ، وَلَا تَجُوزُ الزِّيَادَةُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَإِنِ ازْدَادَ جَازَ فِي الْقَضَاءِ : وَإِنْ كَانَ الْإِضْرَارُ مِنْ جِهَتِهِ لَمْ يُجِزْ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا ، فَإِنْ أَخَذَ جَازَ فِي الْقَضَاءِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ : لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَاهَا . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ، وَالْحَكَمُ : كَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَقُولُ : لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنَ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ فَوْقَ مَا أَعْطَاهَا . وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ : الْقُضَاةُ لَا يُجِيزُونَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا سَاقَ إِلَيْهَا . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَيُسْتَدَلُّ لِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، فِي قِصَّةِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ : فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا الْحَدِيقَةَ وَلَا يَزْدَادَ ، وَبِمَا رَوَى عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ حَيْثُ قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا قَبِيصَةُ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَاهَا يَعْنِي الْمُخْتَلِعَةَ وَحَمَلُوا مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ عَلَى مَعْنَى فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ أَيْ : مِنَ الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا ; لِتَقَدُّمِ قَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا [ يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ ] تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ أَيْ : مِنْ ذَلِكَ . وَهَكَذَا كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : " فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ مِنْهُ " رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ بَعْدَهُ : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ</span></b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span><b><a href="http://dc590.4shared.com/download/IPItYvANce/My_Pictures____.rar?tsid=20170129-152350-37f91f72&sbsr=4308935294cad859ac7558c092744244998&bip=MTU2LjE5Ni4yMTYuMTI4&lgfp=2000"><span>تنزيل كتاب أحكام الطلاق بسورة الطلاق</span></a></b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><a href="http://dc593.4shared.com/download/SLo2ugnPba/___.rar?tsid=20170131-120841-f7a53350&sbsr=b2c66e074d6a9f510bba8dadaeb19a8e998&bip=MTU2LjE5NC4xNTIuMTE4&lgfp=2000"><b>حمل كناب احكام الطلاق الحائرة عند الناس بين سورة البقرة وسورة الطلاق</b></a><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span><b>حمل <a href="http://www.almeshkat.net/books/archive/books/tlakkamel.rar">كتاب الطلاق الشامل من مشكاة</a><br /> </b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span><a href="https://www.4shared.com/rar/a4-aKlKbba/___online.html">حمل كتاب الطلاق الشامل.rar</a></span></b><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> 145</span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;"> فَصْلٌ </span></b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ : اخْتَلَفَ أَصْحَابُنَا فِي الْخُلْعِ ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ بَعْدُ ، يَتَزَوَّجُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ قَرَأَ إِلَى : ( أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ : وَأَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو [ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ] عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ : كُلُّ شَيْءٍ أَجَازَهُ الْمَالُ فَلَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى غَيْرُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ سَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ : رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ ، أَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، لَيْسَ الْخُلْعُ بِطَلَاقٍ ، ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الطَّلَاقَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْآيَةِ وَآخِرِهَا ، وَالْخُلْعَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ ، فَلَيْسَ الْخُلْعُ بِشَيْءٍ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ وَقَرَأَ : ( فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ <span style="font-size: small;">[ ص: 619 ]</span> وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا مِنْ أَنَّ الْخُلْعَ لَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ فَسْخٌ هُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ طَاوُسٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ ، وَدَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الظَّاهِرِيُّ . وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ ، وَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي فِي الْخُلْعِ:</span>إِنَّهُ طَلَاقٌ بَائِنٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْوِيَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جُمْهَانَ مَوْلَى الْأَسْلَمِيِّينَ عَنْ أُمِّ بَكْرٍ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةِ : أَنَّهَا اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ أُسَيْدٍ ، فَأَتَيَا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : تَطْلِيقَةٌ ; إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ سَمَّيْتَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ مَا سَمَّيْتَ . قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ : وَلَا أَعْرِفُ جُمْهَانُ . وَكَذَا ضَعَّفَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ هَذَا الْأَثَرَ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ نَحْوُهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَشُرَيْحٌ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ . وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ مَالِكٌ ، وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، وَعُثْمَانُ الْبَتِّيُّ ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ . غَيْرَ أَنَّ الْحَنَفِيَّةَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّهُ مَتَى نَوَى الْمُخَالِعُ بِخُلْعِهِ تَطْلِيقَةً أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَطْلَقَ فَهُوَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ . وَإِنَّ نَوَى ثَلَاثًا فَثَلَاثٌ . وَلِلشَّافِعِيِّ قَوْلٌ آخَرُ فِي الْخُلْعِ ، وَهُوَ : أَنَّهُ مَتَى لَمْ يَكُنْ بِلَفْظِ الطَّلَاقِ ، وَعُرِّيَ عَنِ النِّيَّةِ فَلَيْسَ هُوَ بِشَيْءٍ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">مَسْأَلَةٌ :</span> وَذَهَبَ مَالِكٌ ، وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ، وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُمَا ، وَهِيَ الْمَشْهُورَةُ ; إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُخْتَلِعَةَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ بِثَلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ ، إِنْ كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ تَحِيضُ . وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ ، وَعُرْوَةُ ، وَسَالِمٌ ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، وَابْنُ شِهَابٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَأَبُو عِيَاضٍ ، وَجِلَاسُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَسُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ . قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ . وَمَأْخَذُهُمْ فِي هَذَا أَنَّ الْخُلْعَ طَلَاقٌ ، فَتَعْتَدُّ كَسَائِرِ الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي :</span> أَنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ بِحَيْضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَسْتَبْرِئُ بِهَا رَحِمَهَا . قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ الرُّبَيِّعَ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا ، فَأَتَى عَمُّهَا عُثْمَانَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : تَعْتَدُّ حَيْضَةً . قَالَ : وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ : تَعْتَدُّ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ ، حَتَّى قَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ ، فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُفْتِي بِهِ وَيَقُولُ : عُثْمَانُ خَيْرُنَا وَأَعْلَمُنَا . <br /><br /> وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : عِدَّةُ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ حَيْضَةٌ . <br /><br /> وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : عِدَّتُهَا حَيْضَةٌ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ عِكْرِمَةُ ، وَأَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ، وَكُلُّ مَنْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ مِمَّنْ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ الْخُلْعَ فَسْخٌ يَلْزَمُهُ [ص: 620]الْقَوْلُ بِهَذَا ، وَاحْتَجُّوا لِذَلِكَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، حَيْثُ قَالَ كُلٌّ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ بِحَيْضَةٍ . ثُمَّ قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مُرْسَلًا . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ :</span> قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ مَوْلَى آلِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ : أَنَّهَا اخْتَلَعَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ أَوْ أُمِرَتْ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ بِحَيْضَةٍ . قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهَا أُمِرَتْ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ بِحَيْضَةٍ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;">طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : </span></span>قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهَا : حَدِّثِينِي حَدِيثَكِ . قَالَتِ : اخْتَلَعْتُ مِنْ زَوْجِي ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ عُثْمَانَ ، فَسَأَلْتُ : مَاذَا عَلَيَّ مِنَ الْعِدَّةِ ؟ قَالَ :لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْكِ ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ حَدِيثَ عَهْدٍ بِكِ فَتَمْكُثِينَ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى تَحِيضِي حَيْضَةً . قَالَتْ : وَإِنَّمَا تَبِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَرْيَمَ الْمُغَالِيَةِ ، وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، فَاخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ ، عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذٍ قَالَتْ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْمُرُ امْرَأَةَ ثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ حِينَ اخْتَلَعَتْ مِنْهُ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ بِحَيْضَةٍ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">مَسْأَلَةٌ : وَلَيْسَ لِلْمُخَالِعِ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ الْمُخْتَلِعَةَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ بِغَيْرِ رِضَاهَا </span>عِنْدَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ وَجُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ ; لِأَنَّهَا قَدْ مَلَكَتْ نَفْسَهَا بِمَا بَذَلَتْ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَطَاءِ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى ، وَمَاهَانَ الْحَنَفِيِّ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : إِنْ رَدَّ إِلَيْهَا الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا جَازَ لَهُ رَجْعَتَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ بِغَيْرِ رِضَاهَا ، وَهُوَ اخْتِيَارُ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ : إِنْ كَانَ الْخُلْعُ بِغَيْرِ لَفْظِ الطَّلَاقِ فَهُوَ فُرْقَةٌ وَلَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا . وَإِنْ كَانَ سَمَّى طَلَاقًا فَهُوَ أَمَلَكُ لَرَجْعَتِهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الظَّاهِرِيُّ : وَاتَّفَقَ الْجَمِيعُ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْمُخْتَلِعِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فِي الْعِدَّةِ . وَحَكَى الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ [ ص: 621 ] بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ ، عَنْ فِرْقَةٍ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا لَا يَجُوزُ لِغَيْرِهِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ شَاذٌّ مَرْدُودٌ . <br /><br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : وَهَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ عَلَيْهَا طَلَاقًا آخَرَ فِي الْعِدَّةِ ؟ فِيهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَقْوَالٍ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ : <br /><br /> أَحَدُهُمَا : لَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّهَا قَدْ مَلَكَتْ نَفْسَهَا وَبَانَتْ مِنْهُ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقُ ابْنُ رَاهْوَيْهِ ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">وَالثَّانِي :</span> قَالَ مَالِكٌ : إِنْ أَتْبَعَ الْخُلْعَ طَلَاقًا مِنْ غَيْرِ سُكُوتٍ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَعَ ، وَإِنْ سَكْتَ بَيْنَهُمَا لَمْ يَقَعْ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ : وَهَذَا يُشْبِهُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">وَالثَّالِثُ : </span>أَنَّهُ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقُ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ مَا دَامَتْ فِي الْعِدَّةِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ ، وَالثَّوْرِيِّ ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ . وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، وَشُرَيْحٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَالْحَكَمُ وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ . وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ : وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِثَابِتٍ عَنْهُمَا . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ أَيْ : هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعُ الَّتِي شَرَعَهَا لَكُمْ هِيَ حُدُودُهُ ، فَلَا تَتَجَاوَزُوهَا . كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ : " إِنِ اللَّهَ حَدَّ حُدُودًا فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا ، وَفَرَضَ فَرَائِضَ فَلَا تُضَيِّعُوهَا ، وَحَرَّمَ مَحَارِمَ فَلَا تَنْتَهِكُوهَا ، وَسَكَتَ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ رَحْمَةً لَكُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِسْيَانٍ ، فَلَا تَسْأَلُوا عَنْهَا " . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ يَسْتَدِلُّ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ جَمْعَ الطَّلْقَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ بِكَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ حَرَامٌ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ الْمَالِكِيَّةِ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ ، وَإِنَّمَا السُّنَّةُ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَاحِدَةً وَاحِدَةً ، لِقَوْلِهِ : ( الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ ثُمَّ قَالَ : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ وَيُقَوُّونَ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ فِي سُنَنِهِ حَيْثُ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ قَالَ : أُخْبِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثَ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ جَمِيعًا فَقَامَ غَضْبَانَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ :<span style="color: red;">" أَيُلْعَبُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ ؟ ! " حَتَّى قَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلَا أَقْتُلُهُ ؟ </span>فِيهِ انْقِطَاعٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ أَيْ : أَنَّهُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلْقَةً ثَالِثَةً بَعْدَ مَا أَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقَ مَرَّتَيْنِ ، فَإِنَّهَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ ، أَيْ : حَتَّى يَطَأَهَا [ ص: 622 ] زَوْجٌ آخَرُ فِي نِكَاحٍ صَحِيحٍ ، فَلَوْ وَطِئَهَا وَاطِئٌ فِي غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ ، وَلَوْ فِي مِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِلْأَوَّلِ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِزَوْجٍ ، وَهَكَذَا لَوْ تَزَوَّجَتْ ، وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا الزَّوْجُ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِلْأَوَّلِ ، وَاشْتُهِرَ بَيْنَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ : يَحْصُلُ الْمَقْصُودُ مِنْ تَحْلِيلِهَا لِلْأَوَّلِ بِمُجَرَّدِ الْعَقْدِ عَلَى الثَّانِي . وَفِي صِحَّتِهِ عَنْهُ نَظَرٌ ، عَلَى أَنَّ الشَّيْخَ أَبَا عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ قَدْ حَكَاهُ عَنْهُ فِي الِاسْتِذْكَارِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الرَّجُلُ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا الْبَتَّةَ ، فَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا زَوْجٌ آخَرُ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا : أَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا " . <br /><br /> هَكَذَا وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ جَرِيرٍ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ فَقَالَ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ ، سَمِعْتُ سَالِمَ بْنَ رَزِينٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، يَعْنِي : ابْنَ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فِي الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا ، ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا رَجُلٌ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا ، فَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْعُسَيْلَةَ " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْفَلَّاسِ ، وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ بُنْدَارٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ غُنْدَرٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، بِهِ كَذَلِكَ . فَهَذَا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا ، عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا يُحْكَى عَنْهُ ، فَبِعِيدٌ أَنْ يُخَالِفَ مَا رَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ مُسْتَنَدٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ رَزِينِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْمَرِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا آخَرُ ، فَيُغْلِقُ الْبَابَ وَيُرْخِي السِّتْرَ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا : هَلْ تَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْعُسَيْلَةَ " . <br /><br /> وَهَذَا لَفْظُ أَحْمَدَ ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِأَحْمَدَ : سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ رَزِينٍ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْهَنَائِيُّ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ بَعْدَهُ رَجُلًا فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا : أَتَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ الْآخَرُ قَدْ ذَاقَ مِنْ عُسَيْلَتِهَا وَذَاقَتْ مِنْ عُسَيْلَتِهِ <span style="font-size: small;">"[ ص: 623 ] </span><br /><br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَنْمَاطِيِّ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دِينَارِ بْنِ صَنْدَلٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ ثُمَّ الطَّاحِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ : ابْنُ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ : اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ ضَعَّفَهُ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَوَّاهُ وَقَبِلَهُ وَحَسُنَ لَهُ . وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : أَنَّهُ تَغَيَّرَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَارِثِ الْغِفَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا ثَلَاثًا فَتَتَزَوَّجُ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ ، فَيُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا ، فَيُرِيدُ الْأَوَّلُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا ، قَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْآخَرُ عُسَيْلَتَهَا " . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شَيْبَانَ ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، بِهِ . وَأَبُو الْحَارِثِ غَيْرُ مَعْرُوفٍ . <br /><br /> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا ، فَتَزَوَّجَتْ زَوْجًا فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا ، فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَتَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ ؟ فَقَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ مِنْ عُسَيْلَتِهَا كَمَا ذَاقَ الْأَوَّلُ " . <br /><br />أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، وَمُسْلِمٌ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيِّ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْهَبَّارِيُّ ، وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ ، وَأَبُو هِشَامٍ الرِّفَاعِيُّ قَالُوا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ، فَتَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا غَيْرَهُ ، فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا : أَتَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ حَتَّى يَذُوقَ الْآخَرُ عُسَيْلَتَهَا وَتَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهُ " . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ الضَّرِيرُ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ : [ ص: 624 ] <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الرَّجُلُ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا ، فَتَتَزَوَّجُ رَجُلًا فَيُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا : أَتَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا " . <br /><br /> قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ : وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ : وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ بِهِ . وَتَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ مِنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ الْآخَرَيْنِ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مَرْفُوعًا بِنَحْوِهِ أَوْ مِثْلِهِ . وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ ، عَنِ امْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ أَمِينَةَ أَمِّ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِهِ . وَهَذَا السِّيَاقُ مُخْتَصَرٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَحَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيَّ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا ، فَتَزَوَّجَتْ آخَرَ فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَتْ لَهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِيهَا ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا مِثْلُ هُدْبَةِ الثَّوْبِ فَقَالَ : " لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ " . تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مِنْ هَذَيْنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : دَخَلَتِ امْرَأَةُ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ وَأَنَا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ رِفَاعَةَ طَلَّقَنِي الْبَتَّةَ ، وَإِنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ تَزَوَّجَنِي ، وَإِنَّمَا عِنْدُهُ مِثْلُ الْهُدْبَةِ ، وَأَخَذَتْ هُدْبَةً مِنْ جِلْبَابِهَا ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِالْبَابِ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، أَلَا تَنْهَى هَذِهِ عَمَّا تَجْهَرُ بِهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ! فَمَا زَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى التَّبَسُّمِ ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " كَأَنَّكِ تُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ ، لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ " . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ ، ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ بِهِ . وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ : أَنَّ [ ص: 625 ] رِفَاعَةَ طَلَّقَهَا آخِرَ ثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْجَمَاعَةُ إِلَّا أَبَا دَاوُدَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، وَالْبُخَارِيَّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَقِيلٍ ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ طَرِيقِ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ [وَعِنْدَهُ ثَلَاثُ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى ، وَرَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَخْضَرِ ] كُلُّهُمْ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ : أَنَّ رِفَاعَةَ بْنَ سِمْوَالٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَمِيمَةَ بِنْتَ وَهْبٍ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثًا ، فَنَكَحَتْ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ ، فَاعْتَرَضَ عَنْهَا فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا ، فَفَارَقَهَا ، فَأَرَادَ رِفَاعَةُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا ، وَهُوَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ الَّذِي كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا ، فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَهَاهُ عَنْ تَزْوِيجِهَا ، وَقَالَ : " لَا تَحِلُّ لَكَ حَتَّى تَذُوقَ الْعُسَيْلَةَ " كَذَا رَوَاهُ أَصْحَابُ الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَفِيهِ انْقِطَاعٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، فَوَصَلَهُ . <span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></b></span><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">146</span></span></b></span><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">فَصْلٌ </span></span></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الثَّانِي أَنْ يَكُونَ رَاغِبًا فِي الْمَرْأَةِ ، قَاصِدًا لِدَوَامِ عَشَرَتِهَا ، كَمَا هُوَ الْمَشْرُوعُ مِنَ التَّزْوِيجِ ، وَاشْتَرَطَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا الثَّانِي وَطْئًا مُبَاحًا ، فَلَوْ وَطِئَهَا وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ أَوْ صَائِمَةٌ أَوْ مُعْتَكِفَةٌ أَوْ حَائِضٌ أَوْ نُفَسَاءُ أَوْ وَالزَّوْجُ صَائِمٌ أَوْ مُحْرِمٌ أَوْ مُعْتَكِفٌ ، لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِلْأَوَّلِ بِهَذَا الْوَطْءِ . وَكَذَا لَوْ كَانَ الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي ذِمِّيًّا لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِ بِنِكَاحِهِ ; لَأَنَّ أَنْكِحَةَ الْكُفَّارِ بَاطِلَةٌ عِنْدَهُ . وَاشْتَرَطَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ فِيمَا حَكَاهُ عَنْهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ أَنْ يُنْزِلَ الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي ، وَكَأَنَّهُ تَمَسَّكَ بِمَا فَهِمَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ : " حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ " ، وَيَلْزَمُ عَلَى هَذَا أَنْ تُنْزِلَ الْمَرْأَةُ أَيْضًا . وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْعُسَيْلَةِ الْمَنِيَّ لِمَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَلَا إِنَّ الْعُسَيْلَةَ الْجِمَاعُ " فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ الثَّانِي إِنَّمَا قَصْدُهُ أَنْ يُحِلَّهَا لِلْأَوَّلِ ، فَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُحَلِّلُ الَّذِي وَرَدَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ بِذَمِّهِ وَلَعْنِهِ ، وَمَتَى صَرَّحَ بِمَقْصُودِهِ فِي الْعَقْدِ بِطَلَ النِّكَاحُ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْأَئِمَّةِ . <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">147</span><br /> ذِكْرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ : </span>عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ:[ ص: 626 ] <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ ، عَنِ الْهُذَيْلِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْوَاشِمَةَ وَالْمُسْتَوْشِمَةَ ، وَالْوَاصِلَةَ وَالْمُسْتَوْصِلَةَ ، وَالْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ ، وَآكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، وَهُوَ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ وَاسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ ثَرْوَانَ الْأَوْدِيُّ ، عَنْ هُزَيْلِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ الْأَوْدِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . قَالَ : وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ، مِنْهُمْ : عُمَرُ ، وَعُثْمَانُ ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنَ التَّابِعَيْنِ ، وَيُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ عَدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَاصِلِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ " . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : آكِلُ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلُهُ ، وَشَاهِدَاهُ وَكَاتِبُهُ إِذَا عَلِمُوا بِهِ ، وَالْوَاصِلَةُ ، وَالْمُسْتَوْصِلَةُ ، وَلَاوِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَالْمُتَعَدِّي فِيهَا ، وَالْمُرْتَدُّ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ إِعْرَاضًا بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ ، وَالْمُحَلِّلُ وَالْمُحَلَّلُ لَهُ ، مَلْعُونُونَ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . <br /><br /><span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي : </span>عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ [ وَهُوَ ابْنُ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيُّ ] عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ ، وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَكَاتِبَهُ ، وَالْوَاشِمَةَ وَالْمُسْتَوْشِمَةَ لِلْحُسْنِ ، وَمَانِعَ الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَالْمُحَلِّلَ ، وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ ، وَكَانَ يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّوْحِ . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيُّ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، بِهِ . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ ، وَحُصَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَمُجَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، وَابْنِ عَوْنٍ ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، بِهِ <span style="font-size: small;">[ ص: 627 ] </span>وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، بِهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ : لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَاحِبَ الرِّبَا ، وَآكِلَهُ ، وَكَاتِبَهُ ، وَشَاهِدَهُ ، وَالْمُحَلِّلَ ، وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ <br /> <span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ : </span>عَنْ جَابِرٍ : قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زُبَيْدٍ الْيَامِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُجَالِدٌ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَعَنَ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَلَيْسَ إِسْنَادُهُ بِالْقَائِمِ ، وَمُجَالِدٌ ضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرٌ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ، مِنْهُمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ . قَالَ : وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ . قَالَ : وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ مِنَ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ ، وَالْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ </span>: </span>عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ : قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مَاجَهْ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، سَمِعْتُ اللَّيْثَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ يَقُولُ : قَالَ أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ مِشْرَحٌ هُوَ : ابْنُ عَاهَانَ ، قَالَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِالتَّيْسِ الْمُسْتَعَارِ ؟ " قَالُوا : بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : " هُوَ الْمُحَلِّلُ ، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ " . <br /><br /> تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْجَوْزَجَانِيُّ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ ، بِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : كَانُوا يُنْكِرُونَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِنْكَارًا شَدِيدًا . <br /><br /> قُلْتُ : عُثْمَانُ هَذَا أَحَدُ الثِّقَاتِ ، رَوَى عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ . ثُمَّ قَدْ تَابَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ ، فَرَوَاهُ جَعْفَرٌ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِابْنِ فَرِيقٍ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بِهِ ، فَبَرِئَ مِنْ عُهْدَتِهِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ </span>: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَهْرَامَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ . <br /><br /> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ الْحَافِظُ خَطِيبُ دِمَشْقَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْجُوزْجَانِيُّ السَّعْدِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُحَلِّلِ قَالَ : " لَا إِلَّا نِكَاحَ [ ص: 628 ] رَغْبَةٍ ، لَا نِكَاحَ دُلْسَةٍ وَلَا اسْتِهْزَاءٍ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، ثُمَّ يَذُوقُ عُسَيْلَتَهَا " . <br /><br /> وَيَتَقَوَّى هَذَانِ الْإِسْنَادَانِ بِمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ هَذَا فَيَتَقَوَّى كُلٌّ مِنْ هَذَا الْمُرْسَلِ وَالَّذِي قَبْلَهُ بِالْآخَرِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ السَّادِسُ </span>: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ، هُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَالْجُوزْجَانِيُّ ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْقُرَشِيِّ . وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ . وَأَخْرَجَ لَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَخْنَسِيِّ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، وَهُوَ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ . <br /><br /> <span style="color: red;">الْحَدِيثُ السَّابِعُ</span> : عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ . قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَخٌ لَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُؤَامَرَةٍ مِنْهُ ، لِيُحِلَّهَا لِأَخِيهِ : هَلْ تَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ ؟ فَقَالَ : لَا إِلَّا نِكَاحَ رَغْبَةٍ ، كُنَّا نَعُدُّ هَذَا سِفَاحًا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، بِهِ . وَهَذِهِ الصِّيغَةُ مُشْعِرَةٌ بِالرَّفْعِ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَالْجُوزْجَانِيُّ ، وَحَرْبٌ الْكَرْمَانِيُّ ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَثْرَمُ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَا أَوُتَى بِمُحَلِّلٍ وَلَا مُحَلَّلٍ لَهُ إِلَّا رَجَمْتُهُمَا . <br /> وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ : أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً لِيُحِلَّهَا لِزَوْجِهَا ، فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا . وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، [ ص: 629 ] وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا أَيِ : الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي بَعْدَ الدُّخُولِ بِهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا أَيِ : الْمَرْأَةُ وَالزَّوْجُ الْأَوَّلُ إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ أَيْ : يَتَعَاشَرَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : إِنَّ ظَنًّا أَنَّ نِكَاحَهُمَا عَلَى غَيْرِ دُلْسَةٍ ] وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ أَيْ : شَرَائِعُهُ وَأَحْكَامُهُ ( يُبَيِّنُهَا ) أَيْ : يُوَضِّحُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ <br /><br /> وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْأَئِمَّةُ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ ، فِيمَا إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلْقَةً أَوْ طَلْقَتَيْنِ ، وَتَرَكَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ بِآخَرَ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَانْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ، ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا الْأَوَّلُ : هَلْ تَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ بِمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الثَّلَاثِ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ؟ أَوْ يَكُونُ الزَّوْجُ الثَّانِي قَدْ هَدَمَ مَا قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ ، فَإِذَا عَادَتْ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ تَعُودُ بِمَجْمُوعِ الثَّلَاثِ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ ؟ وَحُجَّتُهُمْ أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ الثَّانِيَ إِذَا هَدَمَ الثَّلَاثَ فَلَأَنْ يَهْدِمَ مَا دُونَهَا بِطَرِيقِ الْأَوْلَى وَالْأَحْرَى ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br />148<br /> ( وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ( 231 ) ) <br /><br /> هَذَا أَمْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلرِّجَالِ إِذَا طَلَّقَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْمَرْأَةَ طَلَاقًا لَهُ عَلَيْهَا فِيهِ رَجْعَةٌ ، أَنْ يُحْسِنَ فِي أَمْرِهَا إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهَا إِلَّا مِقْدَارَ مَا يُمْكِنُهُ فِيهِ رَجْعَتُهَا ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يُمْسِكَهَا ، أَيْ : يَرْتَجِعَهَا إِلَى عِصْمَةِ نِكَاحِهِ بِمَعْرُوفٍ ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يُشْهِدَ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا ، وَيَنْوِيَ عِشْرَتَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، أَوْ يُسَرِّحَهَا ، أَيْ : يَتْرُكُهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا ، وَيُخْرِجُهَا مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ، مِنْ غَيْرِ شِقَاقٍ وَلَا مُخَاصَمَةٍ وَلَا تَقَابُحٍ ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَمَسْرُوقٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ ، فَإِذَا قَارَبَتِ انْقِضَاءَ الْعِدَّةِ رَاجَعَهَا ضِرَارًا ، لِئَلَّا تَذْهَبَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ ، ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَتَعْتَدُّ ، فَإِذَا شَارَفَتْ عَلَى انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ طَلَّقَ لِتَطُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ ، فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَتَوَعَّدَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ : ( وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ ) أَيْ : بِمُخَالَفَتِهِ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : عِنْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : <br /><br /> أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ الْأَوْدِيِّ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ [ ص: 630 ] صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَضِبَ عَلَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو مُوسَى فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَغَضِبْتَ عَلَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ ؟ ! فَقَالَ : يَقُولُ أَحَدُكُمْ : قَدْ طَلَّقْتُ ، قَدْ رَاجَعْتُ ، لَيْسَ هَذَا طَلَاقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، طَلِّقُوا الْمَرْأَةَ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهَا " . <br /><br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الدَّالَانِيِّ ، وَهُوَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَفِيهِ كَلَامٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ : هُوَ الَّذِي يُطَلِّقُ فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ ، وَيُضَارُّ امْرَأَتَهُ بِطَلَاقِهَا وَارْتِجَاعِهَا ، لِتَطُولَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا أَوْ يُعْتِقُ أَوْ يَنْكِحُ وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) فَأَلْزَمَ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السِّمْسَارُ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : طَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ يَلْعَبُ ، لَا يُرِيدُ الطَّلَاقَ ; فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) فَأَلْزَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الطَّلَاقَ . <br /><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عِصَامُ بْنُ زَوَّادٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُبَارَكُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، هُوَ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، قَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا أَوْ يُعْتِقُ وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا وَيَنْكِحُ وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ طَلَّقَ أَوْ أَعْتَقَ أَوْ نَكَحَ أَوْ أَنْكَحَ ، جَادًّا أَوْ لَاعِبًا ، فَقَدْ جَازَ عَلَيْهِ " . <br /><br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، مِثْلَهُ . وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، مَوْقُوفًا عَلَيْهِ . وَقَالَ أَيْضًا : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) قَالَ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ : زَوَّجْتُكَ ابْنَتِي ثُمَّ يَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا . وَيَقُولُ : قَدْ أَعْتَقْتُ ، وَيَقُولُ : كُنْتُ لَاعِبًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ قَالَهُنَّ لَاعِبًا أَوْ غَيْرَ لَاعِبٍ ، فَهُنَّ جَائِزَاتٌ عَلَيْهِ : الطَّلَاقُ ، وَالْعِتَاقُ ، وَالنِّكَاحُ " . [ ص: 631 ] <br /><br /> وَالْمَشْهُورُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَرْدَكَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَاهَكَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " ثَلَاثٌ جَدُّهُنَّ جَدٌّ ، وَهَزْلُهُنَّ جَدٌّ : النِّكَاحُ ، وَالطَّلَاقُ ، وَالرَّجْعَةُ " . وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ) أَيْ : فِي إِرْسَالِهِ الرَّسُولَ بِالْهُدَى وَالْبَيِّنَاتِ إِلَيْكُمْ ( وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ ) أَيِ : السُّنَّةُ ( يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ ) أَيْ : يَأْمُرُكُمْ وَيَنْهَاكُمْ وَيَتَوَعَّدُكُمْ عَلَى ارْتِكَابِ الْمَحَارِمِ ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ) أَيْ : فِيمَا تَأْتُونَ وَفِيمَا تَذَرُونَ ( وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : فَلَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أُمُورِكُمُ السِّرِّيَّةِ وَالْجَهْرِيَّةِ ، وَسَيُجَازِيكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ . <br /><br />149<br /> ( وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ذَلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ذَلِكُمْ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ( 232 ) ) <br /><br /> قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ طَلْقَةً أَوْ طَلْقَتَيْنِ ، فَتَنْقَضِي عِدَّتُهَا ، ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَأَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا ، وَتُرِيدَ الْمَرْأَةُ ذَلِكَ ، فَيَمْنَعُهَا أَوْلِيَاؤُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَنَهَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَمْنَعُوهَا . وَكَذَا رَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنْهُ ، وَكَذَا قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ وَالضَّحَّاكُ إِنَّهَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ . وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالُوهُ ظَاهِرٌ مِنَ الْآيَةِ ، وَفِيهَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَمْلِكُ أَنْ تُزَوِّجَ نَفْسَهَا ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ فِي تَزْوِيجِهَا مِنْ وَلِيٍّ ، كَمَا قَالَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عِنْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : لَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمَرْأَةَ ، وَلَا تُزَوِّجُ الْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا ، فَإِنَّ الزَّانِيَةَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُزَوِّجُ نَفْسَهَا . وَفِي الْأَثَرِ الْآخَرِ : لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ مُرْشِدٍ ، وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ . وَفِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ نِزَاعٌ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مُحَرَّرٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْفُرُوعِ ، وَقَدْ قَرَّرْنَا ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ " الْأَحْكَامُ " ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /><br /> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَأُخْتِهِ ، فَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، فِي كِتَابِهِ الصَّحِيحِ عِنْدَ تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : <br /><br /> حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ قَالَ : كَانَتْ لِي أُخْتٌ تُخْطَبُ إِلَيَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ : حَدَّثَنِي مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ . وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ : أَنَّ أُخْتَ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا ، فَتَرَكَهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا ، فَخَطَبَهَا ، فَأَبَى مَعْقِلٌ[ ص: 632 ] <br /><br /> فَنَزَلَتْ : ( فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ ) . <br /><br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، بِهِ . وَصَحَّحَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ أَيْضًا ، وَلَفْظُهُ عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ : أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَ أُخْتَهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ مَا كَانَتْ ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً لَمْ يُرَاجِعْهَا حَتَّى انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ ، فَهَوِيَهَا وَهَوِيَتْهُ ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا مَعَ الْخُطَّابِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : يَا لُكَعُ أَكْرَمْتُكَ بِهَا وَزَوَّجْتُكَهَا ، فَطَلَّقْتَهَا ! وَاللَّهِ لَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْكَ أَبَدًا ، آخِرُ مَا عَلَيْكَ . قَالَ : فَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ حَاجَتَهُ إِلَيْهَا وَحَاجَتَهَا إِلَى بَعْلِهَا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ) فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهَا مَعْقِلٌ قَالَ : سَمْعٌ لِرَبِّي وَطَاعَةٌ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُ ، فَقَالَ : أُزَوِّجُكَ وَأُكْرِمُكَ ، زَادَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : وَكَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي . <br /><br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ : هِيَ جُمَلُ بِنْتُ يَسَارٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ أَبِي الْبَدَّاحِ ، وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ قَالَ : هِيَ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ يَسَارٍ . وَهَكَذَا ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ : أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَأُخْتِهِ . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : نَزَلَتْ فِي جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَابْنَةِ عَمٍّ لَهُ ، وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( ذَلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ) أَيْ : هَذَا الَّذِي نَهَيْنَاكُمْ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَنْعِ الْوَلَايَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، يَأْتَمِرُ بِهِ وَيَتَّعِظُ بِهِ وَيَنْفَعِلُ لَهُ ( مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ ) أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ( يُؤْمِنُ بِالْلَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ) أَيْ : يُؤْمِنُ بِشَرْعِ اللَّهِ ، وَيَخَافُ وَعِيدَ اللَّهِ وَعَذَابَهُ فِي الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْجَزَاءِ ( ذَلِكُمْ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ ) أَيِ : اتِّبَاعُكُمْ شَرْعَ اللَّهِ فِي رَدِّ الْمُولِيَاتِ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ ، وَتَرْكِ الْحَمِيَّةِ فِي ذَلِكَ ، أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ ( وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ ) أَيْ : مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ فِيمَا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ وَيَنْهَى عَنْهُ ( وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ) أَيِ : الْخَيْرَةُ فِيمَا تَأْتُونَ وَلَا فِيمَا تَذَرُونَ . </span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Oswald;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">---- <br /></span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Oswald;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: Oswald;">
</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-44103379483435002282017-02-09T05:28:00.002-08:002017-02-15T00:43:44.085-08:0017 من قوله تعالي(ثم أفيضوا من حيث أفاض الناس..)الي(وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ..) <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;">126</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br />(ثم أفيضوا من حيث أفاض الناس واستغفروا الله إن الله غفور رحيم ( 199 ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> " ثم " هاهنا لعطف خبر على خبر وترتيبه عليه ، كأنه تعالى أمر الواقف بعرفات أن يدفع إلى المزدلفة ، ليذكر الله عند المشعر الحرام ، وأمره أن يكون وقوفه مع جمهور الناس بعرفات ، كما كان جمهور الناس يصنعون ، يقفون بها إلا قريشا ، فإنهم لم يكونوا يخرجون من الحرم ، فيقفون في طرف الحرم عند أدنى الحل ، ويقولون : نحن أهل الله في بلدته ، وقطان بيته . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال البخاري : حدثنا علي بن عبد الله ، حدثنا محمد بن حازم ، حدثنا هشام ، عن أبيه ، عن عائشة قالت : كانت قريش ومن دان دينها يقفون بالمزدلفة ، وكانوا يسمون الحمس ، وكان سائر العرب يقفون بعرفات . فلما جاء الإسلام أمر الله نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يأتي عرفات ، ثم يقف بها ثم يفيض [ ص: 556 ] منها ، فذلك قوله : ( من حيث أفاض الناس ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وكذا قال ابن عباس ، ومجاهد ، وعطاء ، وقتادة ، والسدي ، وغيرهم . واختاره ابن جرير ، وحكى عليه الإجماع ، رحمهم الله </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال الإمام أحمد ، حدثنا سفيان ، عن عمرو ، عن محمد بن جبير بن مطعم ، عن أبيه ، قال : أضللت بعيرا لي بعرفة ، فذهبت أطلبه ، فإذا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم واقف ، قلت : إن هذا من الحمس ما شأنه هاهنا ؟ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> أخرجاه في الصحيحين . ثم روى البخاري من حديث موسى بن عقبة ، عن كريب ، عن ابن عباس ما يقتضي أن المراد بالإفاضة هاهنا هي الإفاضة من المزدلفة إلى منى لرمي الجمار . فالله أعلم . وحكاه ابن جرير ، عن الضحاك بن مزاحم فقط . قال : والمراد بالناس : إبراهيم ، عليه السلام . وفي رواية عنه : الإمام . قال ابن جرير ولولا إجماع الحجة على خلافه لكان هو الأرجح . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقوله : ( واستغفروا الله إن الله غفور رحيم ) كثيرا ما يأمر الله بذكره بعد قضاء العبادات ; ولهذا ثبت في صحيح مسلم أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا فرغ من الصلاة يستغفر ثلاثا . وفي الصحيحين أنه ندب إلى التسبيح والتحميد والتكبير ، ثلاثا وثلاثين ، ثلاثا وثلاثين . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقد روى ابن جرير هاهنا حديث ابن عباس بن مرداس السلمي في استغفاره ، عليه السلام ، لأمته عشية عرفة ، وقد أوردناه في جزء جمعناه في فضل يوم عرفة . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وأورد ابن مردويه هاهنا الحديث الذي رواه البخاري ، عن شداد بن أوس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " سيد الاستغفار أن يقول العبد : اللهم أنت ربي ، لا إله إلا أنت ، خلقتني وأنا عبدك ، وأنا على عهدك ووعدك ما استطعت ، أعوذ بك من شر ما صنعت ، أبوء لك بنعمتك علي ، وأبوء بذنبي ، فاغفر لي ، فإنه لا يغفر الذنوب إلا أنت . من قالها في ليلة فمات في ليلته دخل الجنة ، ومن قالها في [ ص: 557 ] يومه فمات دخل الجنة " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وفي الصحيحين عن عبد الله بن عمرو : أن أبا بكر قال : يا رسول الله ، علمني دعاء أدعو به في صلاتي ؟ فقال : " قل : اللهم إني ظلمت نفسي ظلما كثيرا ولا يغفر الذنوب إلا أنت ، فاغفر لي مغفرة من عندك وارحمني ، إنك أنت الغفور الرحيم " والأحاديث في الاستغفار كثيرة . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">127</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">( فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ( 200 ) وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ( 201 ) أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ ( 202 ) )</span></span> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى بِذِكْرِهِ وَالْإِكْثَارِ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ قَضَاءِ الْمَنَاسِكِ وَفَرَاغِهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ ) اخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَاهُ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ : هُوَ كَقَوْلِ الصَّبِيِّ : " أَبَهْ أُمَّهْ " ، يَعْنِي : كَمَا يَلْهَجُ الصَّبِيُّ بِذِكْرِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ أَنْتُمْ ، فَالْهَجُوا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ قَضَاءِ النُّسُكِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ . وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعَوْفِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوَهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ [ قَالَ ] : كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَقِفُونَ فِي الْمَوْسِمِ فَيَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ : كَانَ أَبِي يُطْعِمُ وَيَحْمِلُ الْحَمَالَاتِ [ وَيَحْمِلُ الدِّيَاتِ ] . لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذِكْرٌ غَيْرُ فِعَالِ آبَائِهِمْ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، وَأَبِي وَائِلٍ ، وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ فِي إِحْدَى رِوَايَاتِهِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . وَهَكَذَا حَكَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْهُ الْحَثُّ عَلَى كَثْرَةِ الذِّكْرِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ; وَلِهَذَا كَانَ انْتِصَابُ قَوْلِهِ : ( أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا ) عَلَى التَّمْيِيزِ ، تَقْدِيرُهُ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا . وَ " أَوْ " هَاهُنَا لِتَحْقِيقِ الْمُمَاثِلَةِ فِي الْخَبَرِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ : ( فَهِيَ كَالْحِجَارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدُّ قَسْوَةً ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 74 ] ، وَقَوْلِهِ : ( يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 77 ] ، [ ص: 558 ] ) وَأَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَى مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ أَوْ يَزِيدُونَ ) [ الصَّافَّاتِ : 147 ] ، ( فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَى ) [ النَّجْمِ : 9 ] . فَلَيْسَتْ هَاهُنَا لِلشَّكِّ قَطْعًا ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ لِتَحْقِيقِ الْخَبَرِ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ أَوْ أَزْيَدَ مِنْهُ . ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَعَالَى أَرْشَدَ إِلَى دُعَائِهِ بَعْدَ كَثْرَةِ ذِكْرِهِ ، فَإِنَّهُ مَظِنَّةُ الْإِجَابَةِ ، وَذَمَّ مَنْ لَا يَسْأَلُهُ إِلَّا فِي أَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ ، وَهُوَ مُعْرِضٌ عَنْ أُخْرَاهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ) أَيْ : مِنْ نَصِيبٍ وَلَا حَظٍّ . وَتَضَمَّنَ هَذَا الذَّمُّ التَّنْفِيرَ عَنِ التَّشَبُّهِ بِمَنْ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ . قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : كَانَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ يَجِيئُونَ إِلَى الْمَوْقِفِ ، فَيَقُولُونَ : اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ عَامَ غَيْثٍ وَعَامَ خِصْبٍ وَعَامَ وَلَادٍ حَسَنٍ . لَا يَذْكُرُونَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْآخِرَةِ شَيْئًا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ : ( فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ) وَكَانَ يَجِيءُ بَعَدَهُمْ آخَرُونَ [ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ] فَيَقُولُونَ : ( رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ) فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ ) وَلِهَذَا مَدَحَ مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ لِلدُّنْيَا وَالْأُخْرَى ، فَقَالَ : ( وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ) فَجَمَعَتْ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةُ كُلَّ خَيْرٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا ، وَصَرَفَتْ كُلَّ شَرٍّ ، فَإِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا تَشْمَلُ كُلَّ مَطْلُوبٍ دُنْيَوِيٍّ ، مِنْ عَافِيَةٍ ، وَدَارٍ رَحْبَةٍ ، وَزَوْجَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ ، وَرِزْقٍ وَاسِعٍ ، وَعِلْمٍ نَافِعٍ ، وَعَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ ، وَمَرْكَبٍ هَنِيءٍ ، وَثَنَاءٍ جَمِيلٍ ، إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ عِبَارَاتُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ ، وَلَا مُنَافَاةَ بَيْنَهَا ، فَإِنَّهَا كُلَّهَا مُنْدَرِجَةٌ فِي الْحَسَنَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا . وَأَمَّا الْحَسَنَةُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَأَعْلَى ذَلِكَ دُخُولُ الْجَنَّةِ وَتَوَابِعُهُ مِنَ الْأَمْنِ مِنَ الْفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَرِ فِي الْعَرَصَاتِ ، وَتَيْسِيرِ الْحِسَابِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أُمُورِ الْآخِرَةِ الصَالِحٍةِ ، وَأَمَّا النَّجَاةُ مِنَ النَّارِ فَهُوَ يَقْتَضِي تَيْسِيرَ أَسْبَابِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا ، مِنَ اجْتِنَابِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَالْآثَامِ وَتَرْكِ الشُّبَهَاتِ وَالْحَرَامِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : مَنْ أُعْطِيَ قَلْبًا شَاكِرًا ، وَلِسَانًا ذَاكِرًا ، وَجَسَدًا صَابِرًا ، فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً ، وَوُقِيَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَلِهَذَا وَرَدَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِالتَّرْغِيبِ فِي هَذَا الدُّعَاءِ . فَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ : كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا ، آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ " </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ أَكْثَرُ دَعْوَةٍ يَدْعُو بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [ يَقُولُ ] : " اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا ، آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً ، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ " . [ ص: 559 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَكَانَ أَنَسٌ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِدَعْوَةٍ دَعَا بِهَا ، وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِدُعَاءٍ دَعَا بِهَا فِيهِ ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ يَعْنِي أَبَا طَالُوتَ قَالَ : كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ثَابِتٌ : إِنَّ إِخْوَانَكَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لَهُمْ . فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً ، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ . وَتَحَدَّثُوا سَاعَةً حَتَّى إِذَا أَرَادُوا الْقِيَامَ ، قَالَ : يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ ، إِنَّ إِخْوَانَكَ يُرِيدُونَ الْقِيَامَ فَادْعُ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ : تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ أُشَقِّقَ لَكُمُ الْأُمُورَ ، إِذَا آتَاكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً ، وَوَقَاكُمْ عَذَابَ النَّارِ فَقَدْ آتَاكُمُ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ ، [ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ السَّهْمِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ ] عَنْ أَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَادَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ صَارَ مِثْلَ الْفَرْخِ . فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَلْ تَدْعُو اللَّهَ بِشَيْءٍ أَوْ تَسْأَلُهُ إِيَّاهُ ؟ " قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، كُنْتُ أَقُولُ : اللَّهُمَّ مَا كُنْتَ مُعَاقِبِي بِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَعَجِّلْهُ لِي فِي الدُّنْيَا . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ! لَا تُطِيقُهُ ، أَوْ لَا تَسْتَطِيعُهُ ، فَهَلَّا قُلْتَ : ( رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ) " . قَالَ : فَدَعَا اللَّهَ ، فَشَفَاهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> انْفَرَدَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ مُسْلِمٌ ، فَرَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ بِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ : أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْقَدَّاحُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ مَوْلَى السَّائِبِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ : أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِيمَا بَيْنُ الرُّكْنِ الْيَمَانِيِّ وَالرُّكْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ : ( رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ) . وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ كَذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . وَفِي سَنَدِهِ ضَعْفٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُسَاوِرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا مَرَرْتُ عَلَى الرُّكْنِ إِلَّا رَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكًا يَقُولُ : آمِينَ . فَإِذَا مَرَرْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَقُولُوا : ( رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ )</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 560 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَنْبَرِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَجَّرْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَحْمِلُونِي ، وَوَضَعْتُ لَهُمْ مِنْ أُجْرَتِي عَلَى أَنْ يَدَعُونِي أَحُجَّ مَعَهُمْ ، أَفَيُجْزِي ذَلِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَنْتَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ [ فِيهِمْ ] : ( أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ ) ثُمَّ قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: purple;">128</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><br />( وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ ( 203 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : " الْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْدُودَاتُ " أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ ، وَ " الْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْلُومَاتُ " أَيَّامُ الْعَشْرِ . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ : ( وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ ) يَعْنِي : التَّكْبِيرُ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ : اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ وَيَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ عِيدُنَا أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَهِيَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ ، عَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ الْهُذَلِيِّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا وَتَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ : " عَرَفَةُ كُلُّهَا مَوْقِفٌ ، وَأَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ كُلُّهَا ذَبْحٌ " . وَتَقَدَّمَ [ أَيْضًا ] حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْمُرَ الدِّيلِيِّ " وَأَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثَةٌ ، فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَخَلَادُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ طُعْمٍ وَذِكْرٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حُذَافَةَ يَطُوفُ فِي مِنًى : " لَا تَصُومُوا هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ ، فَإِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ ، وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " . [ ص: 561 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ حُذَافَةَ ، فَنَادَى فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ، إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ مِنْ هَدْيٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> زِيَادَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ وَلَكِنْ مُرْسَلَةٌ . وَبِهِ قَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ بِشْرَ بْنَ سُحَيْمٍ ، فَنَادَى فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ صَوْمِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ، قَالَ : " هِيَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ الْحَاكِمِ الزُّرَقَيِّ ، عَنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَتْ : لَكَأَنِيٍّ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ عَلَى بَغْلَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْبَيْضَاءَ ، حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى شِعْبِ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِأَيَّامِ صِيَامٍ ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مِقْسَمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : الْأَيَّامُ الْمَعْدُودَاتُ : أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ ، أَرْبَعَةُ أَيَّامٍ : يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ ، وَثَلَاثَةُ [ أَيَّامٍ ] بَعْدَهُ ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبِي مَالِكٍ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ ، [ وَيَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ] وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : هِيَ ثَلَاثَةٌ ، يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وَيَوْمَانِ بَعْدَهُ ، اذْبَحْ فِي أَيِّهِنَّ شِئْتَ ، وَأَفْضَلُهَا أَوَّلُهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَلَّ ظَاهِرُ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ ، حَيْثُ قَالَ : ( فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ) فَدَلَّ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ بَعْدَ النَّحْرِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَيَتَعَلَّقُ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ ( ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْأَضَاحِيِّ ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ، وَأَنَّ الرَّاجِحَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ وَقْتَ الْأُضْحِيَّةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ إِلَى آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ . وَيَتَعَلَّقُ بِهِ أَيْضًا الذَّكَرُ الْمُؤَقَّتُ خَلْفَ الصَّلَوَاتِ ، وَالْمُطْلَقُ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَحْوَالِ . وَفِي وَقْتِهِ أَقْوَالٌ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ ، وَأَشْهَرُهَا الذِي عَلَيْهِ الْعَمَلُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ، وَهُوَ آخِرُ النَّفْرِ الْآخِرِ . وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَصِحُّ مَرْفُوعًا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ فِي قُبَّتِهِ ، فَيُكَبِّرُ أَهْلُ السُّوقِ [ ص: 562 ] بِتَكْبِيرِهِ ، حَتَّى تَرْتَجَّ مِنًى تَكْبِيرًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَيَتَعَلَّقُ بِذَلِكَ أَيْضًا التَّكْبِيرُ وَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ رَمْيِ الْجَمَرَاتِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ . وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَغَيْرُهُ : " إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الطَّوَافُ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَالسَّعْيُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ وَرَمْيُ الْجِمَارِ ، لِإِقَامَةِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى النَّفْرَ الْأَوَّلَ وَالثَّانِيَ ، وَهُوَ تَفَرُّقُ النَّاسِ مِنْ مَوْسِمِ الْحَجِّ إِلَى سَائِرِ الْأَقَالِيمِ وَالْآفَاقِ بَعْدَ اجْتِمَاعِهِمْ فِي الْمَشَاعِرِ وَالْمَوَاقِفِ ، قَالَ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ ) [ أَيْ : تَجْتَمِعُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ] ، كَمَا قَالَ : ( وَهُوَ الذِي ذَرَأَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ ) [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ : 79 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">129</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br />( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ ( 204 ) وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ وَالنَّسْلَ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ ( 205 ) وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَلِبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ ( 206 ) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ ( 207 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَخْنَسِ بْنِ شَرِيقٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ ، جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَأَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ وَفِي بَاطِنِهِ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ . وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ تَكَلَّمُوا فِي خُبَيْبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا بِالرَّجِيعِ وَعَابُوهُمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَمِّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَمَدْحِ خُبَيْبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقِيلَ : بَلْ ذَلِكَ عَامٌّ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ كُلِّهِمْ وَفِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كُلِّهِمْ . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ قَتَادَةَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ ، عَنِ الْقُرَظِيِّ ، عَنْ نَوْفٍ وَهُوَ الْبِكَالِيُّ ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ يَقْرَأُ الْكُتُبَ قَالَ : إِنِّي لَأَجِدُ صِفَةَ نَاسٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَزَّلِ : قَوْمٌ يَحْتَالُونَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا بِالدِّينِ ، أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ ، وَقُلُوبُهُمْ أَمَرُّ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ ، يَلْبَسُونَ لِلنَّاسِ مُسُوكَ الضَّأْنِ ، وَقُلُوبُهُمْ قُلُوبُ الذِّئَابِ . يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : فَعَلِيَّ يَجْتَرِئُونَ ! وَبِي يَغْتَرُّونَ ! حَلَفْتُ بِنَفْسِي لَأَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِتْنَةً تَتْرُكُ الْحَلِيمَ فِيهَا حَيْرَانَ . قَالَ الْقُرَظِيُّ : تَدَبَّرْتُهَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ ، فَإِذَا هُمُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ ، فَوَجَدْتُهَا : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ ) الْآيَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ نَجِيحٌ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدًا الْمَقْبُرِيَّ يُذَاكِرُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيَّ ، فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ : إِنَّ فِي بَعْضِ الْكُتُبِ : إِنَّ [ لِلَّهِ ] عِبَادًا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ أَحْلَى مِنَ [ ص: 563 ] الْعَسَلِ ، وَقُلُوبُهُمْ أَمَرُّ مِنَ الصَّبْرِ ، لَبِسُوا لِلنَّاسِ مُسُوكَ الضَّأْنِ مِنَ اللِّينِ ، يَجْتَرُّونَ الدُّنْيَا بِالدِّينِ . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : عَلِيَّ تَجْتَرِئُونَ ! وَبِي تَغْتَرُّونَ ! . وَعِزَّتِي لَأَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِتْنَةً تُتْرَكُ الْحَلِيمَ مِنْهُمْ حَيْرَانَ . فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ : هَذَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ : وَأَيْنَ هُوَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : قَوْلُ اللَّهِ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُعْجِبُكَ قَوْلُهُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ) الْآيَةَ . فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ : قَدْ عَرَفْتُ فِيمَنْ أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ : إِنَّ الْآيَةَ تَنْزِلُ فِي الرَّجُلِ ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَامَّةً بَعْدُ . وَهَذَا الذِي قَالَهُ الْقُرَظِيُّ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ : ( وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ ) فَقَرَأَهُ ابْنُ مُحَيْصِنٍ : " وَيَشْهَدُ اللَّهُ " بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ ، وَضَمِّ الْجَلَالَةِ ( عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ ) وَمَعْنَاهَا : أَنَّ هَذَا وَإِنْ أَظْهَرَ لَكُمُ الْحِيَلَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ الْقَبِيحِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لِرَسُولِهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ ) [ الْمُنَافِقُونَ : 1 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقِرَاءَةُ الْجُمْهُورِ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ ، وَنَصْبِ الْجَلَالَةِ ( وَيُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِهِ ) وَمَعْنَاهُ : أَنَّهُ يُظْهِرُ لِلنَّاسِ الْإِسْلَامَ وَيُبَارِزُ اللَّهَ بِمَا فِي قَلْبِهِ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَالنِّفَاقِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ ) الْآيَةَ [ النِّسَاءِ : 108 ] هَذَا مَعْنَى مَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَظْهَرَ لِلنَّاسِ الْإِسْلَامَ حَلَفَ وَأَشْهَدَ اللَّهَ لَهُمْ : أَنَّ الذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مُوَافِقٌ لِلِسَانِهِ . وَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى صَحِيحٌ ، وَقَالَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، وَعَزَاهُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَحَكَاهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ ) الْأَلَدُّ فِي اللُّغَةِ : [ هُوَ ] الْأَعْوَجُ ، ( وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْمًا لُدًّا ) [ مَرْيَمَ : 97 ] أَيْ : عُوجًا . وَهَكَذَا الْمُنَافِقُ فِي حَالِ خُصُومَتِهِ ، يَكْذِبُ ، وَيَزْوَرُّ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يَسْتَقِيمُ مَعَهُ ، بَلْ يَفْتَرِي وَيَفْجُرُ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ : إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا قَبِيصَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ تَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ : " أَبْغَضُ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الْأَلَدُّ الْخَصِمُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ : وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ أَبْغَضَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الْأَلَدُّ الْخَصِمُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَهُوَ أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ ) عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ أَبْغَضَ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الْأَلَدُّ الْخَصِمُ " . [ ص: 564 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِذَا تَوَلَّى سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ وَالنَّسْلَ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ ) أَيْ : هُوَ أَعْوَجُ الْمَقَالِ ، سَيِّئُ الْفِعَالِ ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ، وَهَذَا فِعْلُهُ : كَلَامُهُ كَذِبٌ ، وَاعْتِقَادُهُ فَاسِدٌ ، وَأَفْعَالُهُ قَبِيحَةٌ .</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالسَّعْيُ هَاهُنَا هُوَ : الْقَصْدُ . كَمَا قَالَ إِخْبَارًا عَنْ فِرْعَوْنَ : ( ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ يَسْعَى فَحَشَرَ فَنَادَى فَقَالَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلَى فَأَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ نَكَالَ الْآخِرَةِ وَالْأُولَى إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِمَنْ يَخْشَى ) [ النَّازِعَاتِ : 2226 ] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ) [ الْجُمْعَةِ : 9 ] أَيِ : اقْصُدُوا وَاعْمَدُوا نَاوِينَ بِذَلِكَ صَلَاةَ الْجُمْعَةِ ، فَإِنَّ السَّعْيَ الْحِسِّيَّ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ بِالسُّنَّةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ : " إِذَا أَتَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا تَأْتُوهَا وَأَنْتُمْ تَسْعَوْنَ ، وَأْتُوهَا وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ وَالْوَقَارُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَهَذَا الْمُنَافِقُ لَيْسَ لَهُ هِمَّةٌ إِلَّا الْفَسَادَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، وَإِهْلَاكَ الْحَرْثِ ، وَهُوَ : مَحَلُّ نَمَاءِ الزُّرُوعِ وَالثِّمَارِ وَالنَّسْلِ ، وَهُوَ : نِتَاجُ الْحَيَوَانَاتِ الَّذِينَ لَا قِوَامَ لِلنَّاسِ إِلَّا بِهِمَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : إِذَا سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا ، مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الْقَطْرَ ، فَهَلَكَ الْحَرْثُ وَالنَّسْلُ . ( وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ ) أَيْ : لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ ، وَلَا مَنْ يَصْدُرُ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعِزَّةُ بِالْإِثْمِ ) أَيْ : إِذَا وُعِظَ هَذَا الْفَاجِرُ فِي مَقَالِهِ وَفِعَالِهِ ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ : اتَّقِ اللَّهَ ، وَانْزَعْ عَنْ قَوْلِكَ وَفِعْلِكَ ، وَارْجِعْ إِلَى الْحَقِّ امْتَنَعَ وَأَبَى ، وَأَخَذَتْهُ الْحَمِيَّةُ وَالْغَضَبُ بِالْإِثْمِ ، أَيْ : بِسَبَبِ مَا اشْتَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْآثَامِ ، وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ شَبِيهَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمُنْكَرَ يَكَادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِالَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِنَا قُلْ أَفَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِشَرٍّ مِنْ ذَلِكُمُ النَّارُ وَعَدَهَا اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 72 ] ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( فَحَسْبُهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَلَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ ) أَيْ : هِيَ كَافِيَتُهُ عُقُوبَةً فِي ذَلِكَ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ ) لَمَّا أَخْبَرَ عَنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِصِفَاتِهِمُ الذَّمِيمَةِ ، ذَكَرَ صِفَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْحَمِيدَةَ ، فَقَالَ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَنَسٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَأَبُو عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيُّ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ : نَزَلَتْ فِي صُهَيْبِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ الرُّومِيِّ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَسْلَمَ بِمَكَّةَ وَأَرَادَ الْهِجْرَةَ ، مَنَعَهُ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ بِمَالِهِ ، وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتَجَرَّدَ مِنْهُ وَيُهَاجِرَ ، فَعَلَ . فَتَخَلَّصَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَعْطَاهُمْ مَالَهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ، فَتَلَقَّاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَجَمَاعَةٌ إِلَى طَرَفِ الْحَرَّةِ . فَقَالُوا : رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ . فَقَالَ : وَأَنْتُمْ فَلَا أَخْسَرَ اللَّهُ تِجَارَتَكُمْ ، وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ . وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَهُ : " رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ صُهَيْبُ ، رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ صُهَيْبُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رُسْتَهْ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الضُّبَعِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا أَرَدْتُ الْهِجْرَةَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ لِي قُرَيْشٌ : يَا صُهَيْبُ ، قَدِمْتَ إِلَيْنَا وَلَا مَالَ لَكَ ، [ ص: 565 ] وَتَخْرُجُ أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ ! وَاللَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ أَبَدًا . فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ : أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ دَفَعْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ مَالِي تُخَلُّونَ عَنِّي ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ مَالِي ، فَخَلَّوْا عَنِّي ، فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ . فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " رَبِحَ صُهَيْبٌ ، رَبِحَ صُهَيْبٌ " مَرَّتَيْنِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ : أَقْبَلَ صُهَيْبٌ مُهَاجِرًا نَحْوَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاتَّبَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ، فَنَزَلَ عَنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ ، وَانْتَثَلَ مَا فِي كِنَانَتِهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ ، قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنِّي مِنْ أَرْمَاكُمْ رَجُلًا ، وَأَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ لَا تَصِلُونَ إِلِيَّ حَتَّى أَرْمِيَ كُلَّ سَهْمٍ فِي كِنَانَتِي ، ثُمَّ أَضْرِبَ بِسَيْفِي مَا بَقِيَ فِي يَدِي مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ ، ثُمَّ افْعَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ دَلَلْتُكُمْ عَلَى مَالِي وَقُنْيَتِي بِمَكَّةَ وَخَلَّيْتُمْ سَبِيلِي ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ ، رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ " . قَالَ : وَنَزَلَتْ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَأَمَّا الْأَكْثَرُونَ فَحَمَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي كُلِّ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَبْشِرُوا بِبَيْعِكُمُ الذِي بَايَعْتُمْ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 111 ] . وَلَمَّا حُمِلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ ، أَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمَا ، وَتَلَوْا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ بِالْعِبَادِ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">130</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br />( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ ( 208 ) فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( 209 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى آمِرًا عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِهِ الْمُصَدِّقِينَ بِرَسُولِهِ : أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا بِجَمِيعِ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَشَرَائِعِهِ ، وَالْعَمَلِ بِجَمِيعِ أَوَامِرِهِ ، وَتَرْكِ جَمِيعِ زَوَاجِرِهِ مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَابْنِ زَيْدٍ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ ) يَعْنِي : الْإِسْلَامُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : ( ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ ) يَعْنِي : الطَّاعَةُ . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ أَيْضًا : الْمُوَادَعَةُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( كَافَّةً ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَقَتَادَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ : جَمِيعًا ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : أَيِ اعْمَلُوا بِجَمِيعِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَوُجُوهِ الْبِرِّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَزَعَمَ عِكْرِمَةُ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي نَفَرٍ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، كَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ ، وَثَعْلَبَةَ وَأَسَدِ [ ص: 566 ] بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَطَائِفَةٍ اسْتَأْذَنُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَنْ يُسْبِتُوا ، وَأَنْ يَقُومُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ لَيْلًا . فَأَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِإِقَامَةِ شَعَائِرِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالِاشْتِغَالِ بِهَا عَمَّا عَدَاهَا . وَفِي ذِكْرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ مَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ نَظَرٌ ، إِذْ يَبْعُدُ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ فِي إِقَامَةِ السَّبْتِ ، وَهُوَ مَعَ تَمَامِ إِيمَانِهِ يَتَحَقَّقُ نَسْخَهُ وَرَفْعَهُ وَبُطْلَانَهُ ، وَالتَّعْوِيضَ عَنْهُ بِأَعْيَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَمِنَ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ مَنْ يَجْعَلُ قَوْلَهُ : ( كَافَّةً ) حَالًا مِنَ الدَّاخِلِينَ ، أَيِ : ادْخُلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ كُلُّكُمْ . وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُمْ أُمِرُوا [ كُلُّهُمْ ] أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِجَمِيعِ شُعَبِ الْإِيمَانِ وَشَرَائِعِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، وَهِيَ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا مَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْهَا . وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ يَمَانٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً ) كَذَا قَرَأَهَا بِالنَّصْبِ يَعْنِي مُؤْمِنِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ، فَإِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مَعَ الْإِيمَانِ بِالْلَّهِ مُسْتَمْسِكِينَ بِبَعْضِ أَمْرِ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالشَّرَائِعِ التِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِيهِمْ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ : ( ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً ) يَقُولُ : ادْخُلُوا فِي شَرَائِعِ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا تَدَعُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا وَحَسْبُكُمْ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَمَا فِيهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ) أَيِ : اعْمَلُوا الطَّاعَاتِ ، وَاجْتَنِبُوا مَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِهِ الشَّيْطَانُ فَ ( إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 169 ] ، وَ ( إِنَّمَا يَدْعُو حِزْبَهُ لِيَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ ) [ فَاطِرٍ : 6 ] ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ ( قَالَ مُطَرِّفٌ : أَغَشُّ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ لِعَبِيدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْطَانُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنْ زَلَلْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْكُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ ) أَيْ : عَدَلْتُمْ عَنِ الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا قَامَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْحُجَجُ ، فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ [ أَيْ ] فِي انْتِقَامِهِ ، لَا يَفُوتُهُ هَارِبٌ ، وَلَا يَغْلِبُهُ غَالِبٌ . حَكِيمٌ فِي أَحْكَامِهِ وَنَقْضِهِ وَإِبْرَامِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَقَتَادَةُ وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : عَزِيزٌ فِي نِقْمَتِهِ ، حَكِيمٌ فِي أَمْرِهِ . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : الْعَزِيزُ فِي نَصْرِهِ مِمَّنْ كَفَرَ بِهِ إِذَا شَاءَ ، الْحَكِيمُ فِي عُذْرِهِ وَحُجَّتِهِ إِلَى عِبَادِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #351c75;">131</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #351c75;"><br />( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ ( 210 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُهَدِّدًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ : ( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ ) يَعْنِي : يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ بَيْنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخَرِينَ ، فَيَجْزِي كُلَّ عَامِلٍ بِعَمَلِهِ ، إِنْ خَيْرًا فَخَيْرٌ ، وَإِنْ شَرًّا فَشَرٌّ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ ) كَمَا قَالَ : ( كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى ) [ الْفَجْرِ : 21 23 ] ، وَقَالَ : ( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ ) الْآيَةَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 158 ]</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 567 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ هَاهُنَا حَدِيثَ الصُّورِ بِطُولِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ مَشْهُورٌ سَاقَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْمَسَانِيدِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، وَفِيهِ : " أَنَّ النَّاسَ إِذَا اهْتَمُّوا لِمَوْقِفِهِمْ فِي الْعَرَصَاتِ تَشَفَّعُوا إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ بِالْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا ، مِنْ آدَمَ فَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ ، فَكُلُّهُمْ يَحِيدُ عَنْهَا حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَإِذَا جَاءُوا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ : أَنَا لَهَا ، أَنَا لَهَا . فَيَذْهَبُ فَيَسْجُدُ لِلَّهِ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ ، وَيَشْفَعُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فِي أَنْ يَأْتِيَ لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ بَيْنَ الْعِبَادِ ، فَيُشَفِّعُهُ اللَّهُ ، وَيَأْتِي فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ بَعْدَ مَا تَنْشَقُّ السَّمَاءُ الدُّنْيَا ، وَيَنْزِلُ مَنْ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ، ثُمَّ الثَّانِيَةُ ، ثُمَّ الثَّالِثَةُ إِلَى السَّابِعَةِ ، وَيَنْزِلُ حَمَلَةُ الْعَرْشِ وَالْكَرُوبِيُّونَ ، قَالَ : وَيَنْزِلُ الْجَبَّارُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ ، وَلَهُمْ زَجَلٌ مِنْ تَسْبِيحِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ : سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْمُلْكِ وَالْمَلَكُوتِ ، سُبْحَانَ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ ذِي الْجَبَرُوتِ ، سُبْحَانَ الْحَيِّ الذِي لَا يَمُوتُ ، سُبْحَانَ الذِي يُمِيتُ الْخَلَائِقَ وَلَا يَمُوتُ ، سُبُّوحٌ قُدُّوسٌ ، رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالرُّوحِ ، قُدُّوسٌ قُدُّوسٌ ، سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا الْأَعْلَى ، سُبْحَانَ ذِي السُّلْطَانِ وَالْعَظْمَةِ ، سُبْحَانَهُ أَبَدًا أَبَدًا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ هَاهُنَا أَحَادِيثَ فِيهَا غَرَابَةٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ; فَمِنْهَا مَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخَرِينَ لِمِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ ، قِيَامًا شَاخِصَةً أَبْصَارُهُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ ، يَنْتَظِرُونَ فَصْلَ الْقَضَاءِ ، وَيَنْزِلُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ مِنَ الْعَرْشِ إِلَى الْكُرْسِيِّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ مُقَدَّمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْجَلِيلِ الْقَيْسِيَّ ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو : ( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ ) الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ : يَهْبِطُ حِينَ يَهْبِطُ ، وَبَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ حِجَابٍ ، مِنْهَا : النُّورُ ، وَالظُّلْمَةُ ، وَالْمَاءُ . فَيُصَوِّتُ الْمَاءُ فِي تِلْكَ الظُّلْمَةِ صَوْتًا تَنْخَلِعُ لَهُ الْقُلُوبُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبِي : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَزِيرِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ زُهَيْرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ ) قَالَ : ظُلَلٌ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ ، مَنْظُومٌ مِنَ الْيَاقُوتِ مُكَلَّلٌ بِالْجَوْهَرِ وَالزَّبَرْجَدِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ( فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ ) قَالَ : هُوَ غَيْرُ السَّحَابِ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَطُّ إِلَّا لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي تِيهِهِمْ حِينَ تَاهُوا </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ : ( هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ )[ ص: 568 ]</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ قَالَ ] : يَقُولُ : وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَجِيئُونَ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَجِيءُ فِيمَا يَشَاءُ وَهِيَ فِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَةِ : " هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ فِي ظُلَلٍ مِنَ الْغَمَامِ " وَهِيَ كَقَوْلِهِ : ( وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَاءُ بِالْغَمَامِ وَنُزِّلَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَنْزِيلًا ) [ الْفُرْقَانِ : 25 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;">132</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;"><br />( سَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ وَمَنْ يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( 211 ) زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ ( 212 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ : كَمْ قَدْ شَاهَدُوا مَعَ مُوسَى ( مِنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ ) أَيْ : حُجَّةٌ قَاطِعَةٌ عَلَى صِدْقِهِ فِيمَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ ، كَيَدِهِ وَعَصَاهُ وَفَلْقِهِ الْبَحْرَ وَضَرْبِهِ الْحَجَرَ ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ تَظْلِيلِ الْغَمَامِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ ، وَمِنْ إِنْزَالِ الْمَنِّ وَالسَّلْوَى وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الدَّالَّاتِ عَلَى وُجُودِ الْفَاعِلِ الْمُخْتَارِ ، وَصِدْقِ مَنْ جَرَتْ هَذِهِ الْخَوَارِقُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ، وَمَعَ هَذَا أَعْرَضَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ عَنْهَا ، وَبَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ [ كُفْرًا ] أَيِ : اسْتَبْدَلُوا بِالْإِيمَانِ بِهَا الْكُفْرَ بِهَا ، وَالْإِعْرَاضَ عَنْهَا . ( وَمَنْ يُبَدِّلْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ) كَمَا قَالَ إِخْبَارًا عَنْ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ : ( أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 28 ، 29 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ تَعَالَى عَنْ تَزْيِينِهِ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ الَّذِينَ رَضُوا بِهَا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا إِلَيْهَا ، وَجَمَعُوا الْأَمْوَالَ وَمَنَعُوهَا عَنْ مَصَارِفِهَا التِي أُمِرُوا بِهَا مِمَّا يُرْضِي اللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ ، وَسَخِرُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ أَعْرَضُوا عَنْهَا ، وَأَنْفَقُوا مَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا فِي طَاعَةِ رَبِّهِمْ ، وَبَذَلُوا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ ; فَلِهَذَا فَازُوا بِالْمَقَامِ الْأَسْعَدِ وَالْحَظِّ الْأَوْفَرِ يَوْمَ مَعَادِهِمْ ، فَكَانُوا فَوْقَ أُولَئِكَ فِي مَحْشَرِهِمْ وَمَنْشَرِهِمْ ، وَمَسِيرِهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ ، فَاسْتَقَرُّوا فِي الدَّرَجَاتِ فِي أَعْلَى عِلِّيِّينَ ، وَخُلِّدَ أُولَئِكَ فِي الدَّرَكَاتِ فِي أَسْفَلِ السَّافِلِينَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ ) أَيْ : يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ ، وَيُعْطِيهِ عَطَاءً كَثِيرًا جَزِيلًا بِلَا حَصْرٍ وَلَا تَعْدَادٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : " ابْنَ آدَمَ ، أَنْفِقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْكَ " ، وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالَا " . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ ) [ سَبَأٍ : 39 ] ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّ مَلَكَيْنِ يَنْزِلَانِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ صَبِيحَةَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ ، يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا : اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُنْفِقًا خَلَفًا . وَيَقُولُ الْآخَرُ : اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُمْسِكًا تَلَفًا . وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ " يَقُولُ [ ص: 569 ] ابْنُ آدَمَ : مَالِي ، مَالِي ! وَهَلْ لَكَ مِنْ مَالِكَ إِلَّا مَا أَكَلْتَ فَأَفْنَيْتَ ، وَمَا لَبِسْتَ فَأَبْلَيْتَ ، وَمَا تَصَدَّقْتَ فَأَمْضَيْتَ ؟ وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَذَاهِبٌ وَتَارِكُهُ لِلنَّاسِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي مُسْنَدِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " الدُّنْيَا دَارُ مَنْ لَا دَارَ لَهُ ، وَمَالُ مَنْ لَا مَالَ لَهُ ، وَلَهَا يَجْمَعُ مَنْ لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;">133</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;"><br />( كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ ( 213 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا هَمَّامٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَآدَمَ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ ، كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى شَرِيعَةٍ مِنَ الْحَقِّ . فَاخْتَلَفُوا ، فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ . قَالَ : وَكَذَلِكَ هِيَ فِي قِرَاءَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : " كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ بُنْدَارٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحٌ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رَوَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا : " كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّيِّنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ) قَالَ : كَانُوا عَلَى الْهُدَى جَمِيعًا ، " فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ مُنْذِرِينَ " فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ نَبِيٍّ بُعِثَ نُوحًا . وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَوَّلًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ) يَقُولُ : كَانُوا كُفَّارًا ، ( فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَصَحُّ سَنَدًا وَمَعْنًى ; لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا عَلَى مِلَّةِ آدَمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، حَتَّى عَبَدُوا الْأَصْنَامَ ، فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ نُوحًا ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ رَسُولٍ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ) [ ص: 570 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> أَيْ : مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُجَجُ وَمَا حَمَلَهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْبَغْيُ مِنْ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ، ( فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ ) قَالَ : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " نَحْنُ الْآخِرُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، نَحْنُ أَوَّلُ النَّاسِ دُخُولًا الْجَنَّةَ ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلَنَا وَأُوتِينَاهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ، فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، فَهَذَا الْيَوْمُ الذِي اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ ، فَهَدَانَا لَهُ فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ ، فَغَدًا لِلْيَهُودِ ، وَبَعْدَ غَدٍ لِلنَّصَارَى " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ ) فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ ، فَاتَّخَذَ الْيَهُودُ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ ، وَالنَّصَارَى يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ . فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْقِبْلَةِ ; فَاسْتَقْبَلَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَشْرِقَ ، وَالْيَهُودُ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لِلْقِبْلَةِ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ ; فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْكَعُ وَلَا يَسْجُدُ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْجُدُ وَلَا يَرْكَعُ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ يَمْشِي ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لِلْحَقِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الصِّيَامِ ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَصُومُ بَعْضَ النَّهَارِ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَصُومُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الطَّعَامِ ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لِلْحَقِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ : كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا ، وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى : كَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا ، وَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ حَنِيفًا مُسْلِمًا ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ لِلْحَقِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي عِيسَى ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَكَذَّبَتْ بِهِ الْيَهُودُ ، وَقَالُوا لِأُمِّهِ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا ، وَجَعَلَتْهُ النَّصَارَى إِلَهًا وَوَلَدًا ، وَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ رُوحَهُ ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ ، فَهَدَى اللَّهُ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْحَقِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ ) أَيْ : عِنْدَ الِاخْتِلَافِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ قَبْلَ الِاخْتِلَافِ ، أَقَامُوا عَلَى الْإِخْلَاصِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَحْدَهُ ، وَعِبَادَتِهِ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ ، فَأَقَامُوا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ الْأَوَّلِ الذِي كَانَ قَبْلَ الِاخْتِلَافِ ، وَاعْتَزَلُوا الِاخْتِلَافَ ، وَكَانُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُهُودًا عَلَى قَوْمِ نُوحٍ ، وَقَوْمِ هُودٍ ، وَقَوْمِ صَالِحٍ ، وَقَوْمِ شُعَيْبٍ ، وَآلِ فِرْعَوْنَ ، أَنَّ رُسُلَهُمْ قَدْ بَلَّغُوهُمْ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَذَّبُوا رُسُلَهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي قِرَاءَةِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ : " وَلِيَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ " ، وَكَانَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ يَقُولُ : فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْمَخْرَجُ مِنَ الشُّبَهَاتِ وَالضَّلَالَاتِ وَالْفِتَنِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( بِإِذْنِهِ ) أَيْ : بِعِلْمِهِ ، بِمَا هَدَاهُمْ لَهُ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : ( وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ) أَيْ : مِنْ [ ص: 571 ] خَلْقِهِ ( إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ ) أَيْ : وَلَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَالْحُجَّةُ الْبَالِغَةُ . وَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَمُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ يُصَلِّي يَقُولُ : " اللَّهُمَّ ، رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ ، فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ ، إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ " . وَفِي الدُّعَاءِ الْمَأْثُورِ : اللَّهُمَّ ، أَرِنَا الْحَقَّ حَقًّا وَارْزُقْنَا اتِّبَاعَهُ ، وَأَرِنَا الْبَاطِلَ بَاطِلًا وَوَفِّقْنَا لِاجْتِنَابِهِ ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهُ مُلْتَبِسًا عَلَيْنَا فَنَضِلَّ ، وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">134</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><br />( أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ ( 214 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ ) قَبْلَ أَنْ تُبْتَلُوا وَتُخْتَبَرُوا وَتُمْتَحَنُوا ، كَمَا فُعِلِ بِالَّذِينِ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ ) وَهِيَ : الْأَمْرَاضُ ; وَالْأَسْقَامُ ، وَالْآلَامُ ، وَالْمَصَائِبُ وَالنَّوَائِبُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُرَّةُ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : ( الْبَأْسَاءُ ) الْفَقْرُ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَالضَّرَّاءُ ) السَّقَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ( وَزُلْزِلُوا ) خَوْفًا مِنَ الْأَعْدَاءِ زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا ، وَامْتُحِنُوا امْتِحَانًا عَظِيمًا ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ خَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ قَالَ : قُلْنَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلَا تَسْتَنْصِرُ لَنَا ؟ أَلَا تَدْعُو اللَّهَ لَنَا ؟ فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ يُوضَعُ الْمِنْشَارُ عَلَى مِفْرَقِ رَأْسِهِ فَيَخْلُصُ إِلَى قَدَمَيْهِ ، لَا يَصْرِفُهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ ، وَيُمْشَّطُ بِأَمْشَاطِ الْحَدِيدِ مَا بَيْنَ لَحْمِهِ وَعَظْمِهِ ، لَا يَصْرِفُهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ : " وَاللَّهِ لَيُتِمَّنَّ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى يَسِيرَ الرَّاكِبُ مِنْ صَنْعَاءَ إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَالذِّئْبَ عَلَى غَنَمِهِ ، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( الم أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُتْرَكُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لَا يُفْتَنُونَ وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْكَاذِبِينَ ) [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ : 1 3 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ حَصَلَ مِنْ هَذَا جَانِبٌ عَظِيمٌ لِلصَّحَابَةِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ، فِي يَوْمِ الْأَحْزَابِ ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتِ الْأَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِالْلَّهِ الظُّنُونَا هُنَالِكَ ابْتُلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَزُلْزِلُوا زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا ) [ ص: 572 ] الْآيَاتِ [ الْأَحْزَابِ : 10 - 12 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَلَمَّا سَأَلَ هِرَقْلُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ : هَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : فَكَيْفَ كَانَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَكُمْ ؟ قَالَ : سِجَالًا يُدَالُ عَلَيْنَا وَنُدَالُ عَلَيْهِ . قَالَ : كَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْتَلَى ، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ لَهَا الْعَاقِبَةُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ:(مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ ) أَيْ : سُنَّتُهُمُ . كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى:(فَأَهْلَكْنَا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا وَمَضَى مَثَلُ الْأَوَّلِينَ )[الزُّخْرُفِ : 8 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ ) أَيْ : يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ ، وَيَدْعُونَ بِقُرْبِ الْفَرَجِ وَالْمَخْرَجِ ، عِنْدَ ضِيقِ الْحَالِ وَالشِّدَّةِ . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ ) كَمَا قَالَ : ( فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ) [ الشَّرْحِ : 5 ، 6 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَمَا تَكُونُ الشِّدَّةُ يَنْزِلُ مِنَ النَّصْرِ مِثْلُهَا ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ ) وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي رَزِينٍ : " عَجِبَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ قُنُوطِ عِبَادِهِ ، وَقُرْبِ غَيْثِهِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَنِطِينَ ، فَيَظَلُّ يَضْحَكُ ، يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فَرَجَهُمْ قَرِيبٌ " الْحَدِيثَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;">135</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br />( يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلْ مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ ( 215 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي نَفَقَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : نَسَخَتْهَا الزَّكَاةُ . وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ . وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ : يَسْأَلُونَكَ كَيْفَ يُنْفِقُونَ ؟ قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، فَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : ( قُلْ مَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ) أَيِ : اصْرِفُوهَا فِي هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ . كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : " أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ ، وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ ، ثُمَّ أَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاكَ " . وَتَلَا مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : هَذِهِ مَوَاضِعُ النَّفَقَةِ مَا ذَكَرَ فِيهَا طَبْلًا وَلَا مِزْمَارًا ، وَلَا تَصَاوِيرَ الْخَشَبِ ، وَلَا كِسْوَةَ الْحِيطَانِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : مَهْمَا صَدَرَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ فِعْلِ مَعْرُوفٍ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُهُ ، وَسَيَجْزِيكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَوْفَرَ الْجَزَاءِ ; فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَظْلِمُ أَحَدًا مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: yellow;">136</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: yellow;"><br />( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَعَسَى أَنْ تُحِبُّوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ( 216 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> هَذَا إِيجَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِلْجِهَادِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ : أَنْ يَكُفُّوا شَرَّ الْأَعْدَاءِ عَنْ حَوْزَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ . [ ص: 573 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : الْجِهَادُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ أَحَدٍ ، غَزَا أَوْ قَعَدَ ; فَالْقَاعِدُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا اسْتُعِينَ أَنْ يُعِينَ ، وَإِذَا اسْتُغِيثَ أَنْ يُغِيثَ ، وَإِذَا اسْتُنْفِرَ أَنْ يَنْفِرَ ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُحْتَجْ إِلَيْهِ قَعَدَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قُلْتُ : وَلِهَذَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ " مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَغْزُ ، وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ بِغَزْوٍ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً " . وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ : " لَا هِجْرَةَ ، وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ ، إِذَا اسْتُنْفِرْتُمْ فَانْفِرُوا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَكُمْ ) أَيْ : شَدِيدٌ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَشَقَّةٌ . وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ ، فَإِنَّهُ إِمَّا أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَوْ يُجْرَحَ مَعَ مَشَقَّةِ السَّفَرِ وَمُجَالَدَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَعَسَى أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ) أَيْ : لِأَنَّ الْقِتَالَ يَعْقُبُهُ النَّصْرُ وَالظَّفَرُ عَلَى الْأَعْدَاءِ ، وَالِاسْتِيلَاءُ عَلَى بِلَادِهِمْ ، وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ ، وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ ، وَأَوْلَادِهِمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ( وَعَسَى أَنْ تُحِبُّوا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَكُمْ ) وَهَذَا عَامٌّ فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا ، قَدْ يُحِبُّ الْمَرْءُ شَيْئًا ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهِ خِيَرَةٌ وَلَا مَصْلَحَةٌ . وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْقُعُودُ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ ، قَدْ يَعْقُبُهُ اسْتِيلَاءُ الْعَدُوِّ عَلَى الْبِلَادِ وَالْحُكْمِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ) أَيْ : هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِعَوَاقِبِ الْأُمُورِ مِنْكُمْ ، وَأَخْبَرُ بِمَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُكُمْ فِي دُنْيَاكُمْ وَأُخْرَاكُمْ ; فَاسْتَجِيبُوا لَهُ ، وَانْقَادُوا لِأَمْرِهِ ، لَعَلَّكُمْ تَرْشُدُونَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;">137</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;"><br />( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ( 217 ) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( 218 ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدِّمِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، حَدَّثَنِي الْحَضْرَمِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي السَّوَّارِ ، عَنْ جُنْدَبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ رَهْطًا ، وَبَعَثَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ [ أَوْ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ ] فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ يَنْطَلِقُ ، بَكَى صَبَابَةً إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَجَلَسَ ، فَبَعَثَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَكَانَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَلَّا يَقْرَأَ [ ص: 574 ] الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، وَقَالَ : لَا تُكْرِهَنَّ أَحَدًا عَلَى السَّيْرِ مَعَكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ . فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ اسْتَرْجَعَ ، وَقَالَ : سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ . فَخَبَّرَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ ، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْكِتَابَ ، فَرَجَعَ رَجُلَانِ ، وَبَقِيَ بَقِيَّتُهُمْ ، فَلَقُوا ابْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ ، وَلَمْ يَدْرُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ أَوْ مِنْ جُمَادَى . فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : قَتَلْتُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ! فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ) الْآيَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ ، وَعَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ) وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً ، وَكَانُوا سَبْعَةَ نَفَرٍ ، عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ ، وَفِيهِمْ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ ، وَأَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ، وَعَتَبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ السُّلَمِيُّ حَلِيفٌ لِبَنِي نَوْفَلٍ وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ بَيْضَاءَ ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ ، وَوَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ ، حَلِيفٌ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ . وَكَتَبَ لِابْنِ جَحْشٍ كِتَابًا ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَلَّا يَقْرَأَهُ حَتَّى يَنْزِلَ بَطْنَ مَلَلٍ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ بَطْنَ مَلَلٍ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ : أَنْ سِرْ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ بَطْنَ نَخْلَةَ . فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ : مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْمَوْتَ فَلْيَمْضِ وَلْيُوصِ ، فَإِنَّنِي مُوصٍ وَمَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَسَارَ ، فَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ، وَعُتْبَةُ ، وَأَضَلَّا رَاحِلَةً لَهُمَا فَأَتَيَا بُحْرَانَ يَطْلُبَانِهَا ، وَسَارَ ابْنُ جَحْشٍ إِلَى بَطْنِ نَخْلَةَ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِالْحَكَمِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ . وَانْفَلَتَ [ ابْنُ ] الْمُغِيرَةِ ، [ فَأَسَرُوا الْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ وَالْمُغِيرَةَ ] وَقُتِلَ عَمْرٌو ، قَتَلَهُ وَاقَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ . فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ غَنِيمَةٍ غَنِمَهَا أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بِالْأَسِيرَيْنِ وَمَا أَصَابُوا الْمَالَ ، أَرَادَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ يُفَادُوا الْأَسِيرَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ مَا فَعَلَ صَاحِبَانَا " فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ سَعْدٌ وَصَاحِبُهُ ، فَادَى بِالْأَسِيرَيْنِ ، فَفَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَقَالُوا : إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ يَتْبَعُ طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ ، وَقَتَلَ صَاحِبَنَا فِي رَجَبٍ . فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ : إِنَّمَا قَتَلْنَاهُ فِي جُمَادَى وَقِيلَ : فِي أَوَّلِ رَجَبٍ ، وَآخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ جُمَادَى وَغَمَدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ سُيُوفَهُمْ حِينَ دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَجَبٍ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ يُعَيِّرُ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ) لَا يَحِلُّ ، وَمَا صَنَعْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ، حِينَ كَفَرْتُمْ بِالْلَّهِ ، وَصَدَدْتُمْ عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ، وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ مِنْهُ ، حِينَ أَخْرَجُوا مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ :(يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ) وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ صَدُّوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَرَدُّوهُ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ [ الْحَرَامِ ] فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ ، فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ . فَعَابَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْقِتَالَ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ . فَقَالَ اللَّهُ : ( وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ ) مِنَ الْقِتَالِ فِيهِ . وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً فَلَقُوا عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، وَهُوَ مُقْبِلٌ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ جُمَادَى ، وَأَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ [ ص: 575 ] رَجَبٍ . وَأَنَّ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانُوا يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ مِنْ جُمَادَى ، وَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ رَجَبٍ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا ، فَقَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ وَأَخَذُوا مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ . وَأَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَرْسَلُوا يُعَيِّرُونَهُ بِذَلِكَ . فَقَالَ اللَّهُ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ) وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ : صَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ، وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ ، إِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الذِي أَصَابَ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَالشَّرَكُ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا رَوَى أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْبَقَّالُ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي سَرِيَّةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ ، وَقَتْلِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : نَزَلَ فِيمَا كَانَ مِنْ مُصَابِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ رَاوِي السِّيرَةِ ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَكَّائِيِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، فِي كِتَابِ السِّيرَةِ لَهُ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : وَبَعَثَ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشِ بْنِ رِئَابٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ فِي رَجَبٍ ، مَقْفَلَهُ مِنْ بَدْرٍ الْأُولَى ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رَهْطٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَحَدٌ ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَلَّا يَنْظُرَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَسِيرَ يَوْمَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَنْظُرَ فِيهِ ، فَيَمْضِي لِمَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ ، وَلَا يَسْتَكْرِهَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَحَدًا . وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ . ثُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ : أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ ، وَمِنْ حُلَفَائِهِمْ : عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْقَوْمِ ، وَعُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنِ بْنِ حُرْثَانَ ، أَحَدُ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ . وَمِنْ بَنِي نَوْفَلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ : عُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ . وَمِنْ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ بْنِ كِلَابٍ : سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ . وَمِنْ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ : عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ مِنْ عَنْزِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ ، وَوَاقِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَرِينِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ ، أَحَدُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ . وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الْبُكَيْرِ أَحَدُ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ ، حَلِيفٌ لَهُمْ . وَمِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ : سُهَيْلُ بْنُ بَيْضَاءَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَلَمَّا سَارَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ يَوْمَيْنِ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ فَنَظَرَ فِيهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ : " إِذَا نَظَرْتَ فِي كِتَابِي هَذَا فَامْضِ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ نَخْلَةَ ، بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ ، تَرْصُدَ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا ، وَتَعْلَمَ لَنَا مِنْ أَخْبَارِهِمْ " . فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ فِي الْكِتَابِ قَالَ : سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً . ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ : قَدْ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ أَمْضِيَ إِلَى نَخْلَةَ ، أَرْصُدُ بِهَا قُرَيْشًا ، حَتَّى آتِيَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِخَبَرٍ ، وَقَدْ نَهَانِي أَنْ أَسْتَكْرِهَ أَحَدًا مِنْكُمْ . فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُرِيدُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَيَرْغَبُ فِيهَا فَلْيَنْطَلِقْ ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ ، فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَمَاضٍ لِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَمَضَى وَمَضَى مَعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ . فَسَلَكَ عَلَى الْحِجَازِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِمَعْدِنٍ ، فَوْقَ الْفُرْعِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : بُحْرَانَ أَضَلَّ سَعْدُ بْنُ [ ص: 576 ] أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُمَا ، كَانَا يَعْتَقِبَانِهِ ، فَتَخَلَّفَا عَلَيْهِ فِي طَلَبِهِ ، وَمَضَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَبَقِيَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِنَخْلَةَ ، فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ عِيرٌ لِقُرَيْشٍ تَحْمِلُ زَبِيبًا وَأُدْمًا وَتِجَارَةً مِنْ تِجَارَةِ قُرَيْشٍ ، فِيهَا : عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، وَأَخُوهُ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَخْزُومِيَّانِ ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ ، مَوْلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَوْمُ هَابُوهُمْ وَقَدْ نَزَلُوا قَرِيبًا مِنْهُمْ ، فَأَشْرَفَ لَهُمْ عُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنٍ ، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ أَمِنُوا وَقَالُوا : عُمَّارٌ ، لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ . وَتَشَاوَرَ الْقَوْمُ فِيهِمْ ، وَذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَجَبٍ ، فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ : وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ تَرَكْتُمُ الْقَوْمَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ لَيَدْخُلُنَّ الْحَرَمَ ، فَلَيَمْتَنِعُنَّ مِنْكُمْ بِهِ ، وَلَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ لَتَقْتُلُنَّهُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ . فَتَرَدَّدَ الْقَوْمُ ، وَهَابُوا الْإِقْدَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، ثُمَّ شَجَّعُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى قَتْلِ مَنْ قَدَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ ، وَأَخْذِ مَا مَعَهُمْ . فَرَمَى وَاقْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ التَّمِيمِيُّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَتَلَهُ ، وَاسْتَأْسَرَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالْحَكَمَ بْنَ كَيْسَانَ ، وَأَفْلَتَ الْقَوْمَ نَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَعْجَزَهُمْ . وَأَقْبَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِالْعِيرِ وَالْأَسِيرَيْنِ ، حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ : أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ : إِنَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا غَنِمْنَا الْخُمُسَ ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرِضَ اللَّهُ الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْمَغَانِمِ ، فَعَزَلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خُمُسَ الْعِيرِ ، وَقَسَمَ سَائِرَهَا بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : " مَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِقِتَالٍ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ " . فَوَقَفَ الْعِيرَ وَالْأَسِيرَيْنِ ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُسْقِطَ فِي أَيْدِي الْقَوْمِ ، وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ هَلَكُوا ، وَعَنَّفَهُمْ إِخْوَانُهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيمَا صَنَعُوا . وَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ : قَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ ، وَسَفَكُوا فِيهِ الدَّمَ ، وَأَخَذُوا فِيهِ الْأَمْوَالَ ، وَأَسَرُوا فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ . فَقَالَ مَنْ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ : إِنَّمَا أَصَابُوا مَا أَصَابُوا فِي شَعْبَانَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَتْ يَهُودُ تَفَاءَلُ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَتَلَهُ وَاقَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : عَمْرٌو : عَمَرَتِ الْحَرْبُ ، وَالْحَضْرَمِيُّ : حَضَرَتِ الْحَرْبُ ، وَوَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : وَقَدَتِ الْحَرْبُ . فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ لَا لَهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ :(يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ) أَيْ : إِنْ كُنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمْ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَقَدْ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَعَ الْكُفْرِ بِهِ ، وَعَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ، وَإِخْرَاجُكُمْ مِنْهُ وَأَنْتُمْ أَهْلُهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ مَنْ قَتَلْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ ، ( وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ) أَيْ : قَدْ كَانُوا يَفْتِنُونَ الْمُسْلِمَ فِي دِينِهِ ، حَتَّى يَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى الْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ فَذَلِكَ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ : [ ص: 577 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ( وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا ) أَيْ : ثُمَّ هُمْ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَى أَخْبَثِ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْظَمِهِ ، غَيْرُ تَائِبِينَ وَلَا نَازِعِينَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِهَذَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ ، وَفَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الشَّفَقِ قَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْعِيرَ وَالْأَسِيرَيْنِ ، وَبَعَثَتْ إِلَيْهِ قُرَيْشٌ فِي فِدَاءِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَالْحَكَمِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : لَا نُفْدِيكُمُوهُمَا حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ صَاحِبَانَا يَعْنِي سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعُتْبَةَ بْنَ غَزْوَانَ فَإِنَّا نَخْشَاكُمْ عَلَيْهِمَا ، فَإِنْ تَقْتُلُوهُمَا نَقْتُلْ صَاحِبَيْكُمْ . فَقَدِمَ سَعْدٌ وَعُتْبَةُ ، فَأَفْدَاهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَأَمَّا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ فَأَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ ، وَأَقَامَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ يَوْمَ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ شَهِيدًا . وَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَلَحِقَ بِمَكَّةَ ، فَمَاتَ بِهَا كَافِرًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ حِينَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ ، طَمِعُوا فِي الْأَجْرِ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَنَطْمَعُ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَنَا غَزْوَةٌ نُعْطَى فِيهَا أَجْرَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ [ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ] ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ) فَوَضَعَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَعْظَمِ الرَّجَاءِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ . وَرَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ نَفْسِهِ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ نَحْوًا مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضًا ، وَفِيهِ : فَكَانَ ابْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَوَّلَ قَتِيلٍ قُتِلَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَرَكِبَ وَفْدٌ مِنْ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالُوا : أَيَحِلُّ الْقِتَالُ فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ [ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ] ) الْآيَةَ . وَقَدِ اسْتَقْصَى ذَلِكَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ " دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ عَنْ زِيَادٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ : وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ عَنْ بَعْضِ آلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ [ بْنِ جَحْشٍ ] أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَسَمَ الْفَيْءَ حِينَ أَحَلَّهُ ، فَجَعَلَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسٍ لِمَنْ أَفَاءَهُ ، وَخُمُسًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ . فَوَقَعَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ صَنَعَ فِي تِلْكَ الْعِيرِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ : وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ غَنِيمَةٍ غَنِمَهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ . وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَتَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَسَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فِي غَزْوَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ ، وَيُقَالُ : بَلْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ قَالَهَا ، حِينَ قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ : قَدْ أَحَلَّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ ، فَسَفَكُوا فِيهِ [ ص: 578 ] الدَّمَ ، وَأَخَذُوا فِيهِ الْمَالَ ، وَأَسَرُوا فِيهِ الرِّجَالَ . قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ : هِيَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ : </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">تَعُدُّونَ قَتْلًا فِي الْحَرَامِ عَظِيمَةً وَأَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ لَوْ يَرَى الرُّشْدَ رَاشِدُ صُدُودُكُمُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ مُحَمَّدٌ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ رَاءٍ وَشَاهِدُ وَإِخْرَاجُكُمْ مِنْ مَسْجِدِ اللَّهِ أَهْلَهُ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">لِئَلَّا يُرَى لِلَّهِ فِي الْبَيْتِ سَاجِدُ فَإِنَّا وَإِنْ عَيَّرْتُمُونَا بِقَتْلِهِ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَأَرْجَفَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ بَاغٍ وَحَاسِدُ سَقَيْنَا مِنَ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ رِمَاحَنَا </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">بِنَخْلَةَ لَمَّا أَوْقَدَ الْحَرْبَ وَاقِدُ دَمًا وَابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عُثْمَانُ بَيْنَنَا </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">يُنَازِعُهُ غُلٌّ مِنَ الْقَدِّ عَانِدُ </span></b><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gNVjwDOCPfwI_2TrtWg4Pidza-AkPdcYDEyY_-9cqEuxN4QTJOlEGc8_12269sJhepzdrJgP5FmodtYzzRJT97xWOwKd-TPzMv-zDeAa5gJo9887tYqh_uJGAIATR5Uo4cI6FY7Acuuq/s1600/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8.png"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gNVjwDOCPfwI_2TrtWg4Pidza-AkPdcYDEyY_-9cqEuxN4QTJOlEGc8_12269sJhepzdrJgP5FmodtYzzRJT97xWOwKd-TPzMv-zDeAa5gJo9887tYqh_uJGAIATR5Uo4cI6FY7Acuuq/s640/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8.png" width="640" /></a><b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;">138</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><br />( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ ( 219 ) فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( 220 ) ) </span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا . فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ التِي فِي الْبَقَرَةِ :(يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ [ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ ] ) فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا . فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ التِي فِي النِّسَاءِ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 43 ] ، فَكَانَ مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ نَادَى : أَلَّا يَقْرَبَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ سَكْرَانُ . فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا . فَنَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ التِي فِي الْمَائِدَةِ . فَدَعِي عُمَرُ ، فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ : ( فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 91 ] ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ : انْتَهَيْنَا ، انْتَهَيْنَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ ، وَاسْمُهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ . وَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَنْهُ سِوَاهُ ، لَكِنْ قَالَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ : لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ : هَذَا الْإِسْنَادُ صَالِحٌ وَصَحَّحَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ . وَزَادَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ : انْتَهَيْنَا : إِنَّهَا تُذْهِبُ الْمَالَ وَتُذْهِبُ الْعَقْلَ . وَسَيَأْتِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَيْضًا مَعَ مَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ مِنْ [ ص: 579 ] طَرِيقِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَيْضًا عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ : (إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 90 ] الْآيَاتِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَقَوْلُهُ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ ) أَمَّا الْخَمْرُ فَكَمَا قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : إِنَّهُ كُلُّ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ . كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ ، وَكَذَا الْمَيْسِرُ ، وَهُوَ الْقِمَارُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ ) أَمَّا إِثْمُهُمَا فَهُوَ فِي الدِّينِ ، وَأَمَّا الْمَنَافِعُ فَدُنْيَوِيَّةٌ ، مِنْ حَيْثُ إِنَّ فِيهَا نَفْعَ الْبَدَنِ ، وَتَهْضِيمَ الطَّعَامِ ، وَإِخْرَاجَ الْفَضَلَاتِ ، وَتَشْحِيذَ بَعْضِ الْأَذْهَانِ ، وَلَذَّةَ الشِّدَّةِ الْمُطْرِبَةِ التِي فِيهَا ، كَمَا قَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِ : وَنَشْرَبُهَا فَتَتْرُكُنَا مُلُوكًا وَأُسْدًا لَا يُنَهْنِهُهَا اللَّقَاءُ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا بَيْعُهَا وَالِانْتِفَاعُ بِثَمَنِهَا . وَمَا كَانَ يُقَمِّشُهُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنَ الْمَيْسِرِ فَيُنْفِقُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَوْ عِيَالِهِ . وَلَكِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَصَالِحِ لَا تُوَازِي مَضَرَّتُهُ وَمَفْسَدَتُهُ الرَّاجِحَةُ ، لِتَعَلُّقِهَا بِالْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا);وَلِهَذَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مُمَهِّدَةً لِتَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ عَلَى الْبَتَاتِ ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ مُصَرِّحَةً بَلْ مُعَرِّضَةً ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ عُمَرُ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، لَمَّا قُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ : اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ التَّصْرِيحُ بِتَحْرِيمِهَا فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ : (يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 90 ، 91 ] وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، وَبِهِ الثِّقَةُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : هَذِهِ أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْخَمْرِ : ( يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ [ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ ] ) ثُمَّ نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ التِي فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ ، ثُمَّ التِي فِي الْمَائِدَةِ ، فَحُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ) قُرِئَ بِالنَّصْبِ وَبِالرَّفْعِ وَكِلَاهُمَا حَسَنٌ مُتَّجِهٌ قَرِيبٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ : أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ وَثَعْلَبَةَ أَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنْ لَنَا أَرِقَّاءَ وَأَهْلِينَ [فَمَا نُنْفِقُ ] مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ ، عَنْ مِقْسَمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ) قَالَ : مَا يَفْضُلُ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ . [ ص: 580 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالْقَاسِمِ ، وَسَالِمٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ : أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ) يَعْنِي الْفَضْلَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ : الْيَسِيرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ ، وَعَنِ الرَّبِيعِ أَيْضًا : أَفْضَلُ مَالِكَ ، وَأَطْيَبُهُ . وَالْكُلُّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْفَضْلِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا هَوْذَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ ، عَنْ عَوْفٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ : ( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ) قَالَ : ذَلِكَ أَلَّا تُجْهِدَ مَالِكَ ثُمَّ تَقْعُدُ تَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، عِنْدِي دِينَارٌ ؟ قَالَ : " أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ " . قَالَ : عِنْدِي آخَرُ ؟ قَالَ : " أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ " . قَالَ : عِنْدِي آخَرُ ؟ قَالَ : " أَنْفِقْهُ عَلَى وَلَدِكَ " . قَالَ : عِنْدِي آخَرُ ؟ قَالَ : " فَأَنْتَ أَبْصَرُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ . وَأَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا عَنْ جَابِرٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ : " ابْدَأْ بِنَفْسِكَ فَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْهَا ، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ شَيْءٌ فَلِأَهْلِكَ ، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ شَيْءٌ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ فَلِذِي قَرَابَتِكَ ، فَإِنْ فَضُلَ عَنْ ذِي قَرَابَتِكَ شَيْءٌ فَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَعِنْدَهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " خَيْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى ، وَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى ، وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولَ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ أَيْضًا : " ابْنَ آدَمَ ، إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَبْذُلِ الْفَضْلَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ ، وَإِنْ تُمْسِكْهُ شَرٌّ لَكَ ، وَلَا تُلَامُ عَلَى كَفَافٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَدْ قِيلَ : إِنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِآيَةِ الزَّكَاةِ ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، وَالْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَقَالَهُ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَقِيلَ : مُبَيَّنَةٌ بِآيَةِ الزَّكَاةِ ، قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَهُوَ أَوْجُهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ:(كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ) أَيْ : كَمَا فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَحْكَامَ وَبَيَّنَهَا وَأَوْضَحَهَا ، كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ سَائِرَ الْآيَاتِ فِي أَحْكَامِهِ وَوَعْدِهِ ، وَوَعِيدِهِ ، لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ . [ ص: 581 ]</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : يَعْنِي فِي زَوَالِ الدُّنْيَا وَفَنَائِهَا ، وَإِقْبَالِ الْآخِرَةِ وَبَقَائِهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الطَّنَافَسِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، عَنِ الصَّعْقِ الْعَيْشِيِّ قَالَ : شَهِدْتُ الْحَسَنَ وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مِنَ الْبَقَرَةِ : ( لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ) قَالَ : هِيَ وَاللَّهِ لِمَنْ تَفَكَّرَ فِيهَا ، لِيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا دَارُ بَلَاءٍ ، ثُمَّ دَارُ فَنَاءٍ ، وَلِيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الْآخِرَةَ دَارُ جَزَاءٍ ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَقَاءٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : لِتَعْلَمُوا فَضْلَ الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : فَآثِرُوا الْآخِرَةَ عَلَى الْأُولَى . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ ) [آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 190]آثَارًا كَثِيرَةً عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي مَعْنَى التَّفَكُّرِ وَالِاعْتِبَارِ ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ:(وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ ) الْآيَةَ : قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : ( وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ) [ الْإِسْرَاءِ : 34 ] وَ ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 10 ] انْطَلَقَ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ يَتِيمٌ فَعَزَلَ طَعَامَهُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ ، وَشَرَابَهُ مِنْ شَرَابِهِ ، فَجَعَلَ يَفْضُلُ لَهُ الشَّيْءُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ فَيُحْبَسُ لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَهُ أَوْ يَفْسَدَ ، فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ :(وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ ) فَخَلَطُوا طَعَامَهُمْ بِطَعَامِهِمْ وَشَرَابَهُمْ بِشَرَابِهِمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، بِهِ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ السُّدِّيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ وَعَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بِمِثْلِهِ . وَهَكَذَا ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ كَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ ، وَابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ : قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : [ ص: 582 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> إِنِّي لَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَالُ الْيَتِيمِ عِنْدِي عُرَّةً حَتَّى أَخْلِطَ طَعَامَهُ بِطَعَامِي وَشَرَابَهُ بِشَرَابِي . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَقَوْلُهُ : ( قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ ) أَيْ : عَلَى حِدَةٍ ( وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ ) أَيْ : وَإِنْ خَلَطْتُمْ طَعَامَكُمْ بِطَعَامِهِمْ وَشَرَابَكُمْ بِشَرَابِهِمْ ، فَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ ) أَيْ : يَعْلَمُ مَنْ قَصْدُهُ وَنِيَّتُهُ الْإِفْسَادَ أَوِ الْإِصْلَاحَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ) أَيْ : وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَحْرَجَكُمْ وَلَكِنَّهُ وَسَّعَ عَلَيْكُمْ ، وَخَفَّفَ عَنْكُمْ ، وَأَبَاحَ لَكُمْ مُخَالَطَتَهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ، كَمَا قَالَ : ( وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 152 ] ، ، بَلْ قَدْ جَوَّزَ الْأَكْلَ مِنْهُ لِلْفَقِيرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، إِمَّا بِشَرْطِ ضَمَانِ الْبَدَلِ لِمَنْ أَيْسَرَ ، أَوْ مَجَّانًا كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، وَبِهِ الثِّقَةُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">139</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"></span></span></span></b></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw5ipLJGr2G-K_FVDW-h1W-UXUxZLXjGPKwBb0zLL8yWpL4fdFoK1stx0B2LeYGh_OWRxqy1DU_HllNh0GuhNLF3woFF6Scycq6uDyXOOxL2vDcyy4p_E2yLnIiNOrMhmv0G6Co3VSlIOf/s1600/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw5ipLJGr2G-K_FVDW-h1W-UXUxZLXjGPKwBb0zLL8yWpL4fdFoK1stx0B2LeYGh_OWRxqy1DU_HllNh0GuhNLF3woFF6Scycq6uDyXOOxL2vDcyy4p_E2yLnIiNOrMhmv0G6Co3VSlIOf/s640/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A7.png" /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"></span></span></span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"></span></span></span></b></a><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">( وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ( 221 )</span></span> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> هَذَا تَحْرِيمٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ مِنْ عَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ . ثُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ عُمُومُهَا مُرَادًا ، وَأَنَّهُ يَدْخُلُ فِيهَا كُلُّ مُشْرِكَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِيَّةٍ وَوَثَنِيَّةٍ ، فَقَدْ خَصَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ [ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ ] ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 5 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ) اسْتَثْنَى اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ . وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمَكْحُولٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقِيلَ : بَلِ الْمُرَادُ بِذَلِكَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ عَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ ، وَلَمْ يُرِدْ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ ، وَالْمَعْنَى قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ بْنُ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ الْفَزَارِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ أَصْنَافِ النِّسَاءِ ، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ ، وَحَرَّمَ كُلَّ ذَاتِ دِينٍ غَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 5 ] . وَقَدْ نَكَحَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ يَهُودِيَّةً ، وَنَكَحَ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ نَصْرَانِيَّةً ، فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا ، حَتَّى هَمَّ أَنْ يَسْطُوَ عَلَيْهِمَا . فَقَالَا : نَحْنُ نُطَلِّقُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، وَلَا تَغْضَبُ ! فَقَالَ : لَئِنْ حَلَّ طَلَاقُهُنَّ لَقَدْ حَلَّ نِكَاحُهُنَّ ، وَلَكِنِّي أَنْتَزِعُهُنَّ مِنْكُمْ صَغَرَةً قَمَأَةً فَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا . وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ غَرِيبٌ أَيْضًا . [ ص: 583 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، بَعْدَ حِكَايَتِهِ الْإِجْمَاعَ عَلَى إِبَاحَةِ تَزْوِيجِ الْكِتَابِيَّاتِ : وَإِنَّمَا كَرِهَ عُمَرُ ذَلِكَ ، لِئَلَّا يَزْهَدَ النَّاسُ فِي الْمُسَلَّمَاتِ ، أَوْ لِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَعَانِي ، كَمَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الصَّلْتُ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ : تَزَوَّجَ حُذَيْفَةُ يَهُودِيَّةً ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ : خَلِّ سَبِيلَهَا ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ : أَتَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا حَرَامٌ فَأُخَلِّي سَبِيلَهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : لَا أَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا حَرَامٌ ، وَلَكِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تَعَاطَوُا الْمُومِسَاتِ مِنْهُنَّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَرَوَى الْخَلَّالُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ ، عَنِ الصَّلْتِ نَحْوَهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَسْرُوقِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ : قَالَ [ لِي ] عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : الْمُسْلِمُ يَتَزَوَّجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ ، وَلَا يَتَزَوَّجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّ الْمُسْلِمَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ : وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ إِسْنَادًا مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْتَصِرِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْأَزْرَقُ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " نَتَزَوَّجُ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا يَتَزَوَّجُونَ نِسَاءَنَا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَهَذَا الْخَبَرُ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَا فِيهِ فَالْقَوْلُ بِهِ لِإِجْمَاعِ الْجَمِيعِ مِنَ الْأُمَّةِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ الْقَوْلِ بِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> كَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأَحْمَسِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ، وَتَأَوَّلَ ( وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : لَا أَعْلَمَ شِرْكًا أَعْظَمَ مِنْ أَنْ تَقُولَ : رَبُّهَا عِيسَى . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْخَلَّالُ الْحَنْبَلِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ( ح ) وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ : أَنَّهُمَا سَأَلَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ ، عَنْ قَوْلِ [ ص: 584 ] اللَّهِ : ( وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ ) قَالَ : مُشْرِكَاتُ الْعَرَبِ الَّذِينَ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ ) قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : نَزَلَتْ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ ، كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ ، فَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهَا فَلَطَمَهَا ، ثُمَّ فَزِعَ ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَهَا . فَقَالَ لَهُ : " مَا هِيَ ؟ " قَالَ : تَصُومُ ، وَتَصِلِي ، وَتُحْسِنُ الْوُضُوءَ ، وَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، هَذِهِ مُؤْمِنَةٌ " . فَقَالَ : وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَأُعْتِقَنَّهَا وَلَأَتَزَوَّجَنَّهَا . فَفَعَلَ ، فَطَعَنَ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَقَالُوا : نَكَحَ أَمَةً . وَكَانُوا يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، وَيُنْكِحُوهُمْ رَغْبَةً فِي أَحْسَابِهِمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ ) ( وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا تَنْكِحُوا النِّسَاءَ لِحُسْنِهِنَّ ، فَعَسَى حُسْنُهُنَّ أَنْ يُرْدِيَهُنَّ ، وَلَا تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِنَّ فَعَسَى أَمْوَالُهُنَّ أَنْ تُطْغِيَهُنَّ ، وَانْكِحُوهُنَّ عَلَى الدِّينِ ، فَلَأَمَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ خَرْمَاءُ ذَاتُ دِينٍ أَفْضَلُ " . وَالْإِفْرِيقِيُّ ضَعِيفٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ لِأَرْبَعٍ : لِمَالِهَا ، وَلِحَسَبِهَا وَلِجَمَالِهَا ، وَلِدِينِهَا ; فَاظْفَرْ بِذَاتِ الدِّينِ تَرِبَتْ يَدَاكَ " . وَلِمُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ مِثْلُهُ . وَلَهُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " الدُّنْيَا مَتَاعٌ ، وَخَيْرُ مَتَاعِ الدُّنْيَا الْمَرْأَةُ الصَالِحٍةُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا ) أَيْ : لَا تُزَوِّجُوا الرِّجَالَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ النِّسَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ ) [ الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ : 10 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ ) أَيْ : وَلَرَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ رَئِيسًا سَرِيًّا ( أُولَئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ ) أَيْ : مُعَاشَرَتُهُمْ وَمُخَالَطَتُهُمْ تَبْعَثُ عَلَى حُبِّ الدُّنْيَا وَاقْتِنَائِهَا وَإِيثَارِهَا عَلَى الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ ، وَعَاقِبَةُ ذَلِكَ وَخِيمَةٌ ( وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ ) أَيْ : بِشَرْعِهِ وَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ وَمَا نَهَى عَنْهُ ( وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">140</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><br />( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ ( 222 ) نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ مُلَاقُوهُ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( 223 ) )</span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 585 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ : أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ كَانُوا إِذَا حَاضَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْهُمْ لَمْ يُؤَاكِلُوهَا وَلَمْ يُجَامِعُوهَا فِي الْبُيُوتِ ، فَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ [ النَّبِيَّ ] صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ ) حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْآيَةِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا النِّكَاحَ " . فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْيَهُودَ ، فَقَالُوا : مَا يُرِيدُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يَدَعَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا خَالَفَنَا فِيهِ ! فَجَاءَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ فَقَالَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَالَتْ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، أَفَلَا نُجَامِعُهُنَّ ؟ فَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنْ قَدْ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِمَا ، فَخَرَجَا ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَتْهُمَا هَدِيَّةٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَرْسَلَ فِي آثَارِهِمَا ، فَسَقَاهُمَا ، فَعَرَفَا أَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ عَلَيْهِمَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ ) يَعْنِي [ فِي ] الْفَرْجِ ، لِقَوْلِهِ : " اصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا النِّكَاحَ " ; وَلِهَذَا ذَهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَوْ أَكْثَرِهِمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ تَجُوزُ مُبَاشَرَةُ الْحَائِضِ فِيمَا عَدَا الْفَرْجِ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ مِنَ الْحَائِضِ شَيْئًا ، أَلْقَى عَلَى فَرْجِهَا ثَوْبًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ غَانِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غُرَابٍ : أَنَّ عَمَّةً لَهُ حَدَّثَتْهُ : أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : إِحْدَانَا تَحِيضُ ، وَلَيْسَ لَهَا وَلِزَوْجِهَا فِرَاشٌ إِلَّا فِرَاشٌ وَاحِدٌ ؟ قَالَتْ : أُخْبِرُكِ بِمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : دَخَلَ فَمَضَى إِلَى مَسْجِدِهِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : تَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ بَيْتِهَا فَمَا انْصَرَفَ حَتَّى غَلَبَتْنِي عَيْنِي ، وَأَوْجَعَهُ الْبَرْدُ ، فَقَالَ : " ادْنِي مِنِّي " . فَقُلْتُ : إِنِّي حَائِضٌ . فَقَالَ : " اكْشِفِي عَنْ فَخِذَيْكِ " . فَكَشَفْتُ فَخِذِي ، فَوَضَعَ خَدَّهُ وَصَدْرَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي ، وَحَنَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى دَفِئَ وَنَامَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَقَالَ : أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنْ كِتَابِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ : أَنَّ مَسْرُوقًا رَكِبَ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ، فَقَالَ : السَّلَامُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَعَلَى أَهْلِهِ . فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : أَبُو [ ص: 586 ] عَائِشَةَ ! مَرْحَبًا مَرْحَبًا . فَأَذِنُوا لَهُ فَدَخَلَ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكِ عَنْ شَيْءٍ ، وَأَنَا أَسْتَحِي . فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّمَا أَنَا أُمُّكَ ، وَأَنْتَ ابْنِي . فَقَالَ : مَا لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ ؟ فَقَالَتْ : لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فَرْجَهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ مَسْعَدَةَ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ ، عَنْ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جَوْشَنٍ ، عَنْ مَرْوَانَ الْأَصْفَرِ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ : مَا يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا كَانَتْ حَائِضًا ؟ قَالَتْ : كُلُّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا الْجِمَاعَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : لَهُ مَا فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قُلْتُ : وَتَحُلُّ مُضَاجَعَتَهَا وَمُؤَاكَلَتَهَا بِلَا خِلَافٍ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْمُرُنِي فَأَغْسِلُ رَأْسَهُ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ ، وَكَانَ يَتَّكِئُ فِي حِجْرِي وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ ، فَيَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ : كُنْتُ أَتَعَرَّقُ الْعَرْقَ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ ، فَأُعْطِيهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَيَضَعُ فَمَهُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي وَضَعْتُ فَمِي فِيهِ ، وَأَشْرَبُ الشَّرَابَ فَأُنَاوِلُهُ ، فَيَضَعُ فَمَهُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي كُنْتُ أَشْرَبُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ صُبْحٍ سَمِعْتُ خِلَاسًا الْهَجَرِيَّ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ تَقُولُ : كُنْتُ أَنَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيتُ فِي الشِّعَارِ الْوَاحِدِ ، وَإِنِّي حَائِضٌ طَامِثٌ ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ مِنِّي شَيْءٌ ، غَسَلَ مَكَانَهُ لَمْ يَعْدُهُ ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَ يَعْنِي ثَوْبَهُ شَيْءٌ غَسَلَ مَكَانَهُ لَمْ يَعْدُهُ ، وَصَلَّى فِيهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ ، عَنْ أُمِّ ذَرَّةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : كُنْتُ إِذَا حُضْتُ نَزَلْتُ عَنِ الْمِثَالِ عَلَى الْحَصِيرِ ، فَلَمْ نَقْرَبْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ نَدْنُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى نَطْهُرَ فَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى التَّنَزُّهِ وَالِاحْتِيَاطِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : إِنَّمَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مُبَاشَرَتُهَا فِيمَا عَدَا مَا تَحْتَ الْإِزَارِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ الْهِلَالِيَّةِ قَالَتْ : كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُبَاشِرَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِهِ أَمَرَهَا فَاتَّزَرَتْ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ . وَهَذَا لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ . وَلَهُمَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ نَحْوُهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ حِزَامِ [ ص: 587 ] بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ : أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا يَحِلُّ لِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِي وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ ؟ قَالَ : " مَا فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَمَّا يَحِلُّ لِي مِنَ امْرَأَتِي وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ . قَالَ : " مَا فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ ، وَالتَّعَفُّفُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ " . وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَشُرَيْحٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ وَمَا شَابَهَهَا حُجَّةُ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ مَا فَوْقَ الْإِزَارِ مِنْهَا ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ فِي مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، الَّذِي رَجَّحَهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ . وَمَأْخَذُهُمْ أَنَّهُ حَرِيمُ الْفَرْجِ ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ ، لِئَلَّا يُتَوَصَّلَ إِلَى تَعَاطِي مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، الَّذِي أَجْمَعَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ ، وَهُوَ الْمُبَاشِرَةُ فِي الْفَرْجِ . ثُمَّ مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَثِمَ ، فَيَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَيَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ . وَهَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةٌ أَمْ لَا ؟ فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ : </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> أَحَدُهُمَا : نَعَمْ ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الَّذِي يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ : " يَتَصَدَّقُ بِدِينَارٍ ، أَوْ نِصْفِ دِينَارٍ " . وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِلتِّرْمِذِيَ : " إِذَا كَانَ دَمًا أَحْمَرَ فَدِينَارٌ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ دَمًا أَصْفَرَ فَنِصْفُ دِينَارٍ " . وَلِلْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ أَيْضًا ، عَنْهُ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَعَلَ فِي الْحَائِضِ تُصَابُ ، دِينَارًا فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا وَقَدْ أَدْبَرَ الدَّمُ عَنْهَا وَلَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ ، فَنِصْفُ دِينَارٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي : وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ الْجَدِيدُ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَقَوْلِ الْجُمْهُورِ : أَنَّهُ لَا شَيْءَ فِي ذَلِكَ ، بَلْ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ عِنْدَهُمْ رَفْعُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، فَإِنَّهُ [ قَدْ ] رُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَمَوْقُوفًا ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ ، فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ ) تَفْسِيرٌ لِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ ) وَنَهْيٌ عَنْ قُرْبَانِهِنَّ بِالْجِمَاعِ مَا دَامَ الْحَيْضُ مَوْجُودًا ، وَمَفْهُومُهُ حِلُّهُ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ ، [ وَقَدْ قَالَ بِهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ . قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَطَاوُسٌ : انْقِطَاعُ الدَّمِ يُحِلُّهَا لِزَوْجِهَا وَلَكِنْ بِأَنْ تَتَوَضَّأَ ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) فِيهِ نَدْبٌ وَإِرْشَادٌ إِلَى غِشْيَانِهِنَّ بَعْدَ الِاغْتِسَالِ . وَذَهَبَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ إِلَى وُجُوبِ الْجِمَاعِ بَعْدَ كُلِّ حَيْضَةٍ ، لِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مُسْتَنَدٌ ، لِأَنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ بَعْدَ الْحَظْرِ . وَفِيهِ أَقْوَالٌ لِعُلَمَاءَ الْأُصُولِ ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ : إِنَّهُ لِلْوُجُوبِ كَالْمُطْلَقِ . وَهَؤُلَاءِ يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى جَوَابِ ابْنِ حَزْمٍ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ : إِنَّهُ لِلْإِبَاحَةِ ، وَيَجْعَلُونَ تَقَدُّمَ النَّهْيِ عَلَيْهِ قَرِينَةً صَارِفَةً لَهُ عَنِ الْوُجُوبِ ، وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ . وَالَّذِي يَنْهَضُ عَلَيْهِ الدَّلِيلُ أَنَّهُ يُرَدُّ الْحُكْمُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ قَبْلَ النَّهْيِ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ وَاجِبًا فَوَاجِبٌ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : [ ص: 588 ] ) فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 5 ] ، أَوْ مُبَاحًا فَمُبَاحٌ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 2 ] ، ( فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانْتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ ) [ الْجُمْعَةِ : 10 ] وَعَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ تَجْتَمِعُ الْأَدِلَّةُ ، وَقَدْ حَكَاهُ الْغَزَّالِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَاخْتَارَهُ بَعْضُ أَئِمَّةِ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدِ اتَّفَقَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ حَيْضُهَا لَا تَحِلُّ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلَ بِالْمَاءِ أَوْ تَتَيَمَّمَ ، إِنَّ تَعَذَّرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا بِشَرْطِهِ ، [ إِلَّا يَحْيَى بْنَ بُكَيْرٍ مِنَ الْمَالِكِيَّةِ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ شُيُوخِ الْبُخَارِيِّ ، فَإِنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى إِبَاحَةِ وَطْءِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِمُجَرَّدِ انْقِطَاعِ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْقُلُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ أَيْضًا ، وَقَدْ حَكَاهُ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَعِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ] . إِلَّا أَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ، يَقُولُ فِيمَا إِذَا انْقَطَعَ دَمُهَا لِأَكْثَرِ الْحَيْضِ ، وَهُوَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ عِنْدَهُ : إِنَّهَا تَحِلُّ بِمُجَرَّدِ الِانْقِطَاعِ وَلَا تَفْتَقِرُ إِلَى غُسْلٍ [ وَلَا يَصِحُّ لِأَقَلِّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَزِيدِ فِي حِلِّهَا مِنَ الْغُسْلِ وَيَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا وَقْتُ صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ دَمِثَةً ، فَيَدْخُلُ بِمُجَرَّدِ انْقِطَاعِهِ ] وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ( حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ ) أَيْ : مِنَ الدَّمِ ( فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ ) أَيْ : بِالْمَاءِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : يَعْنِي الْفَرْجَ ; قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) يَقُولُ فِي الْفَرْجِ وَلَا تَعْدُوهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدِ اعْتَدَى . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ : ( فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) أَيْ : أَنْ تَعْتَزِلُوهُنَّ . وَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ حِينَئِذٍ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ الْوَطْءِ فِي الدُّبُرِ ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي تَقْرِيرُهُ قَرِيبًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو رَزِينٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : ( فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ) يَعْنِي : طَاهِرَاتٌ غَيْرُ حُيَّضٍ ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ ) أَيْ : مِنَ الذَّنْبِ وَإِنَّ تَكَرَّرَ غِشْيَانُهُ ، ( وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ ) أَيِ : الْمُتَنَزِّهِينَ عَنِ الْأَقْذَارِ وَالْأَذَى ، وَهُوَ مَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ إِتْيَانِ الْحَائِضِ ، أَوْ فِي غَيْرِ الْمَأْتَى . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : الْحَرْثُ مَوْضِعُ الْوَلَدِ ( فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) أَيْ : كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ مُقْبِلَةً وَمُدْبِرَةً فِي صِمَامٍ وَاحِدٍ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَتْ بِذَلِكَ الْأَحَادِيثُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ جَابِرًا قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَقُولُ : إِذَا جَامَعَهَا مِنْ وَرَائِهَا جَاءَ الْوَلَدُ أَحْوَلَ ، فَنَزَلَتْ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) وَرَوَاهُ دَاوُدُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ بِهِ . [ ص: 589 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ : أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْمُنْكَدِرِ حَدَّثَهُمْ : أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَهُ : أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَالُوا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً وَهِيَ مُدْبِرَةٌ جَاءَ الْوَلَدُ أَحْوَلَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مُقْبِلَةٌ وَمُدْبِرَةٌ ، إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْفَرْجِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي حَدِيثِ بَهْزِ بْنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَيْدَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، نِسَاؤُنَا مَا نَأْتِي مِنْهَا وَمَا نَذَرَ ؟ قَالَ : " حَرْثُكَ ، ائْتِ حَرْثَكَ أَنَّى شِئْتَ ، غَيْرَ أَلَّا تَضْرِبَ الْوَجْهَ ، وَلَا تُقَبِّحَ ، وَلَا تَهْجُرَ إِلَّا فِي الْمَبِيتِ . الْحَدِيثُ ، رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : أَتَى نَاسٌ مِنْ حِمْيَرَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ : إِنِّي أَجْبِي النِّسَاءَ ، فَكَيْفَ تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ " مُشْكِلُ الْحَدِيثِ " : حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ مُوسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ كَاسِبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَصَابَ امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا ، فَأَنْكَرَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ وَعَنْ يَعْقُوبَ ، بِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَابِطٍ قَالَ : دَخَلْتُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ ابْنَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ : إِنِّي سَائِلُكِ عَنْ أَمْرٍ ، وَإِنَّى أَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ . قَالَتْ : فَلَا تَسْتَحْيِي يَا ابْنَ أَخِي . قَالَ : عَنْ إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ ؟ قَالَتْ : حَدَّثَتْنِي أَمُّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ كَانُوا لَا يَجُبُّونَ النِّسَاءَ ، وَكَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَقُولُ : إِنَّهُ مَنْ جَبَّى امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَ الْوَلَدُ أَحْوَلَ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ الْمَدِينَةَ نَكَحُوا فِي نِسَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَجَبُّوهُنَّ ، فَأَبَتِ امْرَأَةٌ أَنْ تُطِيعَ زَوْجَهَا وَقَالَتْ : لَنْ تَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى آتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَتْ لَهَا ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَتِ : اجْلِسِي حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَحْيَتِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُ ، فَخَرَجَتْ ، فَحَدَثَتْ أَمُّ سَلَمَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " ادْعِي الْأَنْصَارِيَّةَ " : فَدُعِيَتْ ، فَتَلَا عَلَيْهَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : " ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) صِمَامًا وَاحِدًا " . [ ص: 590 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ بِهِ . وَقَالَ : حَسَنٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قُلْتُ : وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهَكَ ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ : أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْهَا فَقَالَتْ : إِنْ زَوِّجِي يَأْتِينِي مُحَيِّيَةً وَمُسْتَقْبِلَةً فَكَرِهْتُهُ ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي صِمَامٍ وَاحِدٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا حَسَنٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ يَعْنِي الْقَمِّيَّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : جَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَلَكْتُ ! قَالَ : " مَا الَّذِي أَهْلَكَكَ ؟ " قَالَ : حَوَّلْتُ رَحْلَيِ الْبَارِحَةَ ! قَالَ : فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا . قَالَ : فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) أَقْبِلْ وَأَدْبِرْ ، وَاتَّقِ الدُّبُرَ وَالْحَيْضَةَ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْأَشْيَبِ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ : حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ غَيْلَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا رِشْدِينُ ، حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ ثَوْبَانَ ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْمُعَافِرِيِّ ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ ) فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلُوهُ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " آتِهَا عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ ، إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْفَرْجِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : أَثْفَرَ رَجَلٌ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالُوا : أَثْفَرَ فُلَانٌ امْرَأَتَهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَبُو الْأَصْبَغِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ أَوْهَمَ ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَهْلُ هَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ وَثَنٍ مَعَ أَهْلِ هَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنْ يَهُودَ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ وَكَانُوا يَرَوْنَ لَهُمْ فَضْلًا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْعِلْمِ ، فَكَانُوا يَقْتَدُونَ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَا يَأْتُونَ النِّسَاءَ إِلَّا عَلَى حَرْفٍ ، وَذَلِكَ أَسْتَرُ مَا تَكُونُ الْمَرْأَةُ ، فَكَانَ هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَدْ أَخَذُوا بِذَلِكَ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ ، وَكَانَ هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَشْرَحُونَ النِّسَاءَ شَرْحًا مُنْكَرًا ، وَيَتَلَذَّذُونَ بِهِنَّ مُقْبِلَاتٍ وَمُدْبِرَاتٍ وَمُسْتَلْقِيَاتٍ . فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ الْمَدِينَةَ تَزَوَّجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمُ امْرَأَةً مِنَ [ ص: 591 ] الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَذَهَبَ يَصْنَعُ بِهَا ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْكَرَتْهُ عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَتْ : إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نُؤَتَّى عَلَى حَرْفٍ . فَاصْنَعْ ذَلِكَ وَإِلَّا فَاجْتَنِبْنِي ، فَسَرَى أَمْرُهُمَا ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) أَيْ : مُقْبِلَاتٌ ، وَمُدْبِرَاتٌ ، وَمُسْتَلْقِيَاتٌ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ مَوْضِعَ الْوَلَدِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَيَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالصِّحَّةِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا رِوَايَةَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، فَإِنَّهَا مُشَابَهَةٌ لِهَذَا السِّيَاقِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ : عَرَضْتُ الْمُصْحَفَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ فَاتِحَتِهِ إِلَى خَاتِمَتِهِ ، أُوقِفُهُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ آيَةٍ مِنْهُ وَأَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهَا ، حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : إِنَّ هَذَا الْحَيَّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانُوا يَشْرَحُونَ النِّسَاءَ بِمَكَّةَ ، وَيَتَلَذَّذُونَ بِهِنَّ . . فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ بِتَمَامِ سِيَاقِهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : " إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَاللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ أَوْهَمَ " . كَأَنَّهُ يُشِيرُ إِلَى مَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ : </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ : كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ حَتَّى يَفْرَغَ مِنْهُ ، فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَكَانٍ قَالَ : أَتُدْرِي فِيمَ أُنْزِلَتْ ؟ قُلْتُ : لَا . قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا . ثُمَّ مَضَى . وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنِي أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : ( فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) قَالَ : يَأْتِيهَا فِي </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، وَقَدْ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ : قَرَأْتُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : أَتُدْرِي فِيمَ نَزَلَتْ ؟ قُلْتُ : لَا . قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : ( فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) قَالَ : فِي الدُّبُرِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا ، فَوَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ [ ص: 592 ] وَجْدًا شَدِيدًا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ : لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا عِنْدَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ لَمَا أُولِعَ النَّاسُ بِنَافِعٍ . وَهَذَا تَعْلِيلٌ مِنْهُ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَذَا مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى مَا تَقَدَّمَ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ يَأْتِيهَا فِي قُبُلِهَا مِنْ دُبُرِهَا ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ النُّفَيْلِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عِيسَى ، عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الطَّوِيلِ ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ : أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِنَافِعٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَكْثَرَ عَلَيْكَ الْقَوْلَ : إِنَّكَ تَقُولُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ إِنَّهُ أَفْتَى أَنْ تُؤْتَى النِّسَاءُ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ قَالَ : كَذَبُوا عَلَيَّ ، وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ كَيْفَ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ : إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَرَضَ الْمُصْحَفَ يَوْمًا وَأَنَا عِنْدَهُ ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) فَقَالَ : يَا نَافِعُ ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ؟ قُلْتُ : لَا . قَالَ : إِنَّا كُنَّا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ نُجَبِّي النِّسَاءَ ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَنَكَحْنَا نِسَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، أَرَدْنَا مِنْهُنَّ مِثْلَ مَا كُنَّا نُرِيدُ فَإِذَا هُنَّ قَدْ كَرِهْنَ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْظَمْنَهُ ، وَكَانَتْ نِسَاءُ الْأَنْصَارِ قَدْ أَخَذْنَ بِحَالِ الْيَهُودِ ، إِنَّمَا يُؤْتَيْنَ عَلَى جَنُوبِهِنَّ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ ) . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، عَنِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ يَحْيَى الْكَاتِبِ الْعُمَرِيِّ ، عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ . وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ خِلَافَ ذَلِكَ صَرِيحًا ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يُبَاحُ وَلَا يَحِلُّ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ نُسِبَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ إِلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، وَعَزَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ فِي كِتَابِ السِّرِّ وَأَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ يَنْكَرُ أَنْ يَصِحَّ ذَلِكَ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . وَقَدْ وَرَدَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ الْمَرْوِيَّةُ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ بِالزَّجْرِ عَنْ فِعْلِهِ وَتَعَاطِيهِ ; فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ : </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اسْتَحْيُوا ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، لَا يَحِلُّ مَأْتَى النِّسَاءِ فِي حُشُوشِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ ص: 593 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ ، سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ ابْنِ الْهَادِ : أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَصِينِ الْوَالِبِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ هَرَمِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَاقِفِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ : أَنَّ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ الْخَطْمِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا يَسْتَحْيِي اللَّهُ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، لَا يَسْتَحْيِي اللَّهُ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ثَلَاثًا لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَعْجَازِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ طُرُقٍ ، عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ . وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ اخْتِلَافٌ كَثِيرٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ مَخْرَمَةَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَتَى رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً فِي الدُّبُرِ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَهَكَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ . وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ أَيْضًا . وَلَكِنْ رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ هَنَّادٍ ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ ، بِهِ مَوْقُوفًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدٌ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ إِتْيَانِ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي دُبُرِهَا ، قَالَ : تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْكُفْرِ ! [ إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ بِهِ نَحْوَهُ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُمَامٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " الَّذِي يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا هِيَ اللُّوطِيَّةُ الصُّغْرَى " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ : حَدَّثَنِي هُدْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُمَامٌ ، قَالَ : سُئِلَ قَتَادَةُ عَنِ الَّذِي يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا . فَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " هِيَ اللُّوطِيَّةُ الصُّغْرَى " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ قَتَادَةُ : وَحَدَّثَنِي عُقْبَةُ بْنُ وَسَّاجٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ : وَهَلْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا كَافِرٌ ؟ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ يَحْيَىُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ، قَوْلَهُ . وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، مَوْقُوفًا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادِ بْنِ أنْعُمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " سَبْعَةٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ [ ص: 594 ] اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ ، وَيَقُولُ : ادْخُلُوا النَّارَ مَعَ الدَّاخِلِينَ : الْفَاعِلُ وَالْمَفْعُولُ بِهِ ، وَالنَّاكِحُ يَدَهُ ، وَنَاكِحُ الْبَهِيمَةِ ، وَنَاكِحُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي دُبُرِهَا ، وَجَامِعٌ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَابْنَتِهَا ، وَالزَّانِي بِحَلِيلَةِ جَارِهِ ، وَالْمُؤْذِي جَارَهُ حَتَّى يَلْعَنَهُ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ وَشَيْخُهُ ضَعِيفَانِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حَطَّانَ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ طَلْقٍ ، قَالَ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تُؤْتَى النِّسَاءُ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ ; فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، وَأَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ أَيْضًا ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ [ بِهِ ] وَفِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ ، وَقَالَ : هُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُورِدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي مُسْنَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، كَمَا وَقَعَ فِي مُسْنَدِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ طَلْقٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ الَّذِي يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيْلٌ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ جَامَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي دُبُرِهَا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُهَيْلٍ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ وَكِيعٍ ، بِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا " . [ ص: 595 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> لَيْسَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ هَكَذَا فِي سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ، وَإِنَّمَا الَّذِي فِيهِ عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ شَيْخُنَا الْحَافِظُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الذَّهَبِيُّ : وَرِوَايَةُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ بِهَذَا السَّنَدِ ، وَهْمٌ مِنْهُ ، وَقَدْ ضَعَّفُوهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : رَوَاهَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ أَتَى النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ فِيهِ كَلَامٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : رَوَاهَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ حَكِيمٍ الْأَثْرَمِ ، عَنْ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ الْهُجَيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ أَتَى حَائِضًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا ، أَوْ كَاهِنًا فَصَدَّقَهُ ، فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : ضَعَّفَ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ . وَالَّذِي قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ حَكِيمٍ [ الْأَثْرَمِ ] عَنْ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ : لَا يُتَابَعُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " اسْتَحْيُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ حَقَّ الْحَيَاءِ ، لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ النَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِنَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ بَاطِلٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدٍ ; فَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ سَعِيدٍ ، فَإِنَّمَا سَمِعَهُ بَعْدَ الِاخْتِلَاطِ ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَمَّا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَا . انْتَهَى كَلَامُهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ أَجَادَ وَأَحْسَنَ الِانْتِقَادَ ; إِلَّا أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ [ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ] الصَّنْعَانِيَّ لَا يُعْرَفُ أَنَّهُ اخْتَلَطَ ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُ حَمْزَةَ الْكِنَانِيِّ ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ ، وَلَكِنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ دُحَيْمٌ ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَقَالَ : لَا يَجُوزُ الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ . وَرُوِيَ مِنْ طَرِيقَيْنِ آخَرَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ . وَلَا يَصِحُّ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : إِتْيَانُ الرِّجَالِ النِّسَاءِ فِي [ ص: 596 ] أَدْبَارِهِنَّ كُفْرٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ ، عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، بِهِ . قَالَ : مَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا مَلَكَ كُفْرَهُ . هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْقُوفًا . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَلِيِّ ابْنِ بَذِيمَةَ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَوْقُوفًا . وَرَوَاهُ بَكْرُ بْنُ خُنَيْسٍ ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ أَتَى شَيْئًا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ فِي الْأَدْبَارِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ " وَالْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ ، وَبَكْرُ بْنُ خُنَيْسٍ ضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ، وَتَرَكَهُ آخَرُونَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ الْبَلْخِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا زَمْعَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ قَالَا قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الطَّالِقَانِيُّ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ : " لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ اللَّيْثِيِّ قَالَ : قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : اسْتَحْيُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ . الْمَوْقُوفُ أَصَحُّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حِطَّانَ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَوْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ طَلْقٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ ، لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَسْتَاهِهِنَّ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ . وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حِطَّانَ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ، وَالْأَشْبَهُ أَنَّهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ طَلْقٍ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ : قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَثْرَمُ فِي سُنَنِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْحَرَمِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَخِي أُنَيْسِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ أَخْبَرَهُ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَبِي الْقَعْقَاعِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، [ ص: 597 ] رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَحَاشِ النِّسَاءِ حَرَامٌ " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، وَسُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَشُعْبَةُ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّقِرِيِّ وَاسْمُهُ سَلَمَةَ بْنُ تَمَامٍ : ثِقَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْقَعْقَاعِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَوْقُوفًا . وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> طَرِيقٌ أُخْرَى : قَالَ ابْنُ عَدِيٍّ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُحَامِلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأُمَوِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَعْجَازِهِنَّ " مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ هُوَ الْجَزَرِيُّ وَشَيْخُهُ ، فِيهِمَا مَقَالٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَالْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ ، وَعُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ . وَفِي كُلٍّ مِنْهَا مَقَالٌ لَا يَصِحُّ مَعَهُ الْحَدِيثُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنِ الصَّلْتِ بْنِ بَهْرَامَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُعْتَمِرِ ، عَنْ أَبِي جُوَيْرِيَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيًّا عَنْ إِتْيَانِ امْرَأَةٍ فِي دُبُرِهَا ، فَقَالَ : سَفَلْتَ ، سَفَّلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ ! أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُمْ بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ ) [ الْأَعْرَافِ : 80 ] </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فِي تَحْرِيمِ ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ الثَّابِتُ بِلَا شَكٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، أَنَّهُ يُحَرِّمُهُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَبِي الْحُبَابِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : مَا تَقُوُلُ فِي الْجَوَارِي ، أَنُحْمِضُ لَهُنَّ ؟ قَالَ : وَمَا التَّحْمِيضُ ؟ فَذَكَرَ الدُّبُرَ . فَقَالَ : وَهَلْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَقُتَيْبَةُ ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ ، بِهِ . وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَنَصٌّ صَرِيحٌ مِنْهُ بِتَحْرِيمِ ذَلِكَ ، فَكُلُّ مَا وَرَدَ عَنْهُ مِمَّا يَحْتَمِلُ وَيَحْتَمِلُ فَهُوَ مَرْدُودٌ إِلَى هَذَا الْمُحْكَمِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَيْدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي الْغَمْرِ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كَذَبَ الْعَبْدُ ، أَوِ الْعِلْجُ ، عَلَى أَبِي [ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ] فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : أَشْهَدُ عَلَى يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَنِي ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ . فَقِيلَ لَهُ : فَإِنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ يَعْقُوبَ يَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِيِ الْحُبَابِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ : أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، إِنَّا نَشْتَرِي الْجَوَارِيَ أَفَنُحْمِضُ لَهُنَّ ؟ فَقَالَ : وَمَا التَّحْمِيضُ ؟ فَذَكَرُ لَهُ الدُّبُرَ . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : أُفٍّ ! أُفٍّ ! أَيَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مُؤْمِنٌ أَوْ قَالَ : مُسْلِمٌ . فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : أَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَبِيعَةَ [ ص: 598 ] لَأَخْبَرَنِي عَنْ أَبِي الْحُبَابِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ أَصْبُغَ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ الْفَقِيهِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِمَالِكٍ : إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا بِمِصْرَ اللَّيْثَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّا نَشْتَرِي الْجَوَارِيَ ، فَنُحَمِّضُ لَهُنَّ ؟ قَالَ : وَمَا التَّحْمِيضُ ؟ قُلْتُ : نَأْتِيهِنَّ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ . فَقَالَ : أُفٍّ ! أُفٍّ ! أَوْ يَعْمَلُ هَذَا مُسْلِمٌ ؟ فَقَالَ لِي مَالِكٌ : فَأَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَبِيعَةَ لَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ : لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى النَّسَائِيُّ أَيْضًا مِنْ طَرِيقِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي دُبُرِهَا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَى مَعْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ : أَنَّ ذَلِكَ حَرَامٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ : حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ رَوْحٍ : سَأَلْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ : مَا تَقُولُ فِي إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فِي أَدْبَارِهِنَّ : قَالَ : مَا أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَرَبٌ . هَلْ يَكُونُ الْحَرْثُ إِلَّا مَوْضِعَ الزَّرْعِ ، لَا تَعْدُو الْفَرْجَ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ : إِنَّكَ تَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ؟ ! قَالَ : يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيَّ ، يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيَّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> فَهَذَا هُوَ الثَّابِتُ عَنْهُ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِمْ قَاطِبَةً . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَمُجَاهِدِ بْنِ جَبْرٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ السَّلَفِ : أَنَّهُمْ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ أَشَدَّ الْإِنْكَارِ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُطْلِقُ عَلَى فَاعِلِهِ الْكُفْرَ ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ جُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ حُكِيَ فِي هَذَا شَيْءٌ عَنْ بَعْضِ فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ ، حَتَّى حَكَوْهُ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ ، وَفِي صِحَّتِهِ عَنْهُ نَظَرٌ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ لَهُ وَجَمَعَهُ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ إِبَاحَتُهُ ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ : رَوَى أَصْبُغُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ : مَا أَدْرَكْتُ أَحَدًا أَقْتَدِي بِهِ فِي دِينِي يَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ . يَعْنِي وَطْءَ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي دُبُرِهَا ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : ( نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَكُمْ ) ثُمَّ قَالَ : فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَبْيَنُ مِنْ هَذَا ؟ هَذِهِ حِكَايَةُ الطَّحَاوِيِّ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَاكِمُ ، وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ ، وَالْخَطِيبُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مَا يَقْتَضِي [ ص: 599 ] إِبَاحَةَ ذَلِكَ . وَلَكِنْ فِي الْأَسَانِيدِ ضَعْفٌ شَدِيدٌ ، وَقَدِ اسْتَقْصَاهَا شَيْخُنَا الْحَافِظُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الذَّهَبِيُّ فِي جُزْءٍ جَمَعَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الطَّحَاوِيُّ : حَكَى لَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ : مَا صَحَّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تَحْلِيلِهِ وَلَا تَحْرِيمِهِ شَيْءٌ . وَالْقِيَاسُ أَنَّهُ حَلَالٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَى ذَلِكَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْخَطِيبُ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمِّ ، سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ، سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ . . . فَذَكَرَ . قَالَ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الصَّبَّاغُ : كَانَ الرَّبِيعُ يَحْلِفُ بِالْلَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ : لَقَدْ كَذَبَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ نَصَّ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهِ فِي سِتَّةِ كُتُبٍ مِنْ كُتُبِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : وَمِمَّنْ يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ وَهُوَ إِبَاحَةُ وَطْءِ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي دُبُرِهَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَنَافِعٌ وَابْنُ عُمَرَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ . وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ فِي الْعُتْبِيَّةِ . وَحَكَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي كِتَابٍ لَهُ أَسْمَاهُ كِتَابُ السِّرِّ ، وَحُذَّاقُ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ وَمَشَايِخُهُمْ يُنْكِرُونَ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ ، وَمَالِكٌ أَجَلُّ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ كِتَابُ السِّرِّ وَوَقَعَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ فِي الْعُتْبِيَّةِ ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ الْعَرَبِيِّ أَنَّ ابْنَ شَعْبَانَ أَسْنَدَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ إِلَى زُمْرَةٍ كَبِيرَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَإِلَى مَالِكٍ مِنْ رِوَايَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ جِمَاعِ النِّسْوَانِ وَأَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ هَذَا لَفْظُهُ قَالَ : وَحَكَى الْكَيَا الْهَرَّاسِيُّ الطَّبَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ أَنَّهُ اسْتَدَلَّ عَلَى جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( أَتَأْتُونَ الذُّكْرَانَ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ وَتَذَرُونَ مَا خَلَقَ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ بَلْ أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَادُونَ ) الشُّعَرَاءِ : [ 165 ، 166 ] . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَعْنِي مِثْلَهُ مِنَ الْمُبَاحِ ثُمَّ رَدَّهُ بِأَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ مِنْ فُرُوجِ النِّسَاءِ لَا أَدْبَارِهِنَّ . قُلْتُ : وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ وَمَا قَالَهُ الْقُرَظِيُّ إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا إِلَيْهِ فَخَطَأٌ . وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ النَّاسُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ مُصَنَّفَاتٍ مِنْهُمْ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ وَسَمَّى كِتَابَهُ إِظْهَارُ إِدْبَارِ مَنْ أَجَازَ الْوَطْءَ فِي الْأَدْبَارِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ) أَيْ : مِنْ فِعْلِ الطَّاعَاتِ ، مَعَ امْتِثَالِ مَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ مِنْ تَرْكِ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ مُلَاقُوهُ ) أَيْ : فَيُحَاسِبُكُمْ عَلَى أَعْمَالِكُمْ جَمِيعًا . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ( وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ) أَيِ : الْمُطِيعِينَ لِلَّهِ فِيمَا أَمَرَهُمْ ، التَّارِكِينَ مَا عَنْهُ زَجَرَهُمْ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ : أَرَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ ) قَالَ : يَقُولُ : " بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ " ، التَّسْمِيَةُ عِنْدَ الْجِمَاعِ . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ : بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ ، اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنَا ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ يُقَدَّرْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ فِي ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَبَدًا " . </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">يأتي ان شاء الله صفحة 141 </span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-86186268879401871702017-02-09T05:00:00.002-08:002017-02-15T00:05:05.186-08:0016 من قوله تعالي(شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن..)الي(لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ..)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">يأتي ان شاء الله 115<br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;">115</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;"><br />(شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن هدى للناس وبينات من الهدى والفرقان فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ولتكملوا العدة ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ولعلكم تشكرون ( 185 ) </span></span> <br /> يمدح تعالى شهر الصيام من بين سائر الشهور ، بأن اختاره من بينهن لإنزال القرآن العظيم فيه ، وكما اختصه بذلك ، قد ورد الحديث بأنه الشهر الذي كانت الكتب الإلهية تنزل فيه على الأنبياء . <br /> قال الإمام أحمد بن حنبل ، رحمه الله : حدثنا أبو سعيد مولى بني هاشم ، حدثنا عمران أبو العوام ، عن قتادة ، عن أبي المليح ، عن واثلة يعني ابن الأسقع أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " أنزلت صحف إبراهيم في أول ليلة من رمضان . وأنزلت التوراة لست مضين من رمضان ، والإنجيل لثلاث عشرة خلت من رمضان ، وأنزل الله القرآن لأربع وعشرين خلت من رمضان <br /> وقد روي من حديث جابر بن عبد الله وفيه : أن الزبور أنزل لثنتي عشرة [ ليلة ] خلت من رمضان ، والإنجيل لثماني عشرة ، والباقي كما تقدم . رواه ابن مردويه . <br /> أما الصحف والتوراة والزبور والإنجيل فنزل كل منها على النبي الذي أنزل عليه جملة واحدة ، وأما القرآن فإنما نزل جملة واحدة إلى بيت العزة من السماء الدنيا ، وكان ذلك في شهر رمضان ، في ليلة القدر منه ، كما قال تعالى : ( إنا أنزلناه في ليلة القدر ) [ القدر : 1 ] . وقال : ( إنا أنزلناه في ليلة مباركة ) [ الدخان : 3 ] ، ثم نزل بعد مفرقا بحسب الوقائع على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . هكذا روي من غير وجه ، عن ابن عباس ، كما قال إسرائيل ، عن السدي ، عن محمد بن أبي المجالد عن مقسم ، عن ابن عباس أنه سأله عطية بن الأسود ، فقال : وقع في قلبي الشك من قول الله تعالى : ( شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن ) وقوله : ( إنا أنزلناه في ليلة مباركة ) وقوله : ( إنا أنزلناه في ليلة القدر ) وقد أنزل في شوال ، وفي ذي القعدة ، وفي ذي الحجة ، وفي المحرم ، وصفر ، وشهر ربيع . فقال ابن عباس : إنه أنزل في رمضان ، في ليلة القدر وفي ليلة مباركة جملة واحدة ، ثم أنزل على مواقع النجوم ترتيلا في الشهور والأيام . رواه ابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه ، وهذا لفظه . [ ص: 502 ] <br /> وفي رواية سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس قال : أنزل القرآن في النصف من شهر رمضان إلى سماء الدنيا فجعل في بيت العزة ، ثم أنزل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في عشرين سنة لجواب كلام الناس . <br /> وفي رواية عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : نزل القرآن في شهر رمضان في ليلة القدر إلى هذه السماء الدنيا جملة واحدة ، وكان الله يحدث لنبيه ما يشاء ، ولا يجيء المشركون بمثل يخاصمون به إلا جاءهم الله بجوابه ، وذلك قوله : ( وقال الذين كفروا لولا نزل عليه القرآن جملة واحدة كذلك لنثبت به فؤادك ورتلناه ترتيلا ولا يأتونك بمثل إلا جئناك بالحق وأحسن تفسيرا ) [ الفرقان : 32 ، 33 ] . <br /> [ قال فخر الدين : ويحتمل أنه كان ينزل في كل ليلة قدر ما يحتاج الناس إلى إنزاله إلى مثله من اللوح إلى سماء الدنيا ، وتوقف ، هل هذا أولى أو الأول ؟ وهذا الذي جعله احتمالا نقله القرطبي عن مقاتل بن حيان ، وحكى الإجماع على أن القرآن نزل جملة واحدة من اللوح المحفوظ إلى بيت العزة في السماء الدنيا ، وحكى الرازي عن سفيان بن عيينة وغيره أن المراد بقوله : ( الذي أنزل فيه القرآن ) أي : في فضله أو وجوب صومه ، وهذا غريب جدا ] . <br /> وقوله : ( هدى للناس وبينات من الهدى والفرقان ) هذا مدح للقرآن الذي أنزله الله هدى لقلوب العباد ممن آمن به وصدقه واتبعه ) وبينات ) أي : ودلائل وحجج بينة واضحة جلية لمن فهمها وتدبرها دالة على صحة ما جاء به من الهدى المنافي للضلال ، والرشد المخالف للغي ، ومفرقا بين الحق والباطل ، والحلال ، والحرام . <br /> وقد روي عن بعض السلف أنه كره أن يقال : إلا " شهر رمضان " ولا يقال : " رمضان " ; قال ابن أبي حاتم : <br /> حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا محمد بن بكار بن الريان ، حدثنا أبو معشر ، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي ، وسعيد هو المقبري عن أبي هريرة ، قال : لا تقولوا : رمضان ، فإن رمضان اسم من أسماء الله تعالى ، ولكن قولوا : شهر رمضان . <br /> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وقد روي عن مجاهد ، ومحمد بن كعب نحو ذلك ، ورخص فيه ابن عباس وزيد بن ثابت . <br /> قلت : أبو معشر هو نجيح بن عبد الرحمن المدني إمام [ في ] المغازي ، والسير ، ولكن فيه ضعف ، وقد رواه ابنه محمد عنه فجعله مرفوعا ، عن أبي هريرة ، وقد أنكره عليه الحافظ ابن عدي وهو جدير بالإنكار فإنه متروك ، وقد وهم في رفع هذا الحديث ، وقد انتصر البخاري ، رحمه الله ، في كتابه لهذا فقال : " باب يقال رمضان " وساق أحاديث في ذلك منها : " من صام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه " ونحو ذلك[ ص: 503 ] وقوله : ( فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه ) هذا إيجاب حتم على من شهد استهلال الشهر أي كان مقيما في البلد حين دخل شهر رمضان ، وهو صحيح في بدنه أن يصوم لا محالة . ونسخت هذه الآية الإباحة المتقدمة لمن كان صحيحا مقيما أن يفطر ويفدي بإطعام مسكين عن كل يوم ، كما تقدم بيانه . ولما حتم الصيام أعاد ذكر الرخصة للمريض وللمسافر في الإفطار ، بشرط القضاء فقال : ( ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر ) معناه : ومن كان به مرض في بدنه يشق عليه الصيام معه ، أو يؤذيه أو كان على سفر أي في حال سفر فله أن يفطر ، فإذا أفطر فعليه بعدة ما أفطره في السفر من الأيام ; ولهذا قال : ( يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ) أي : إنما رخص لكم في الفطر في حال المرض وفي السفر ، مع تحتمه في حق المقيم الصحيح ، تيسيرا عليكم ورحمة بكم . <br /> وهاهنا مسائل تتعلق بهذه الآية : <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">إحداها :</span></span> أنه قد ذهب طائفة من السلف إلى أن من كان مقيما في أول الشهر ثم سافر في أثنائه ، فليس له الإفطار بعذر السفر والحالة هذه ، لقوله : ( فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه ) وإنما يباح الإفطار لمسافر استهل الشهر وهو مسافر ، وهذا القول غريب نقله أبو محمد بن حزم في كتابه المحلى ، عن جماعة من الصحابة والتابعين . وفيما حكاه عنهم نظر ، والله أعلم . فإنه قد ثبتت السنة عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه خرج في شهر رمضان لغزوة الفتح ، فسار حتى بلغ الكديد ، ثم أفطر ، وأمر الناس بالفطر . أخرجه صاحبا الصحيح . <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">الثانية : </span></span>ذهب آخرون من الصحابة والتابعين إلى وجوب الإفطار في السفر ، لقوله : ( فعدة من أيام أخر ) والصحيح قول الجمهور ، أن الأمر في ذلك على التخيير ، وليس بحتم ; لأنهم كانوا يخرجون مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في شهر رمضان . قال : " فمنا الصائم ومنا المفطر ، فلم يعب الصائم على المفطر ، ولا المفطر على الصائم " . فلو كان الإفطار هو الواجب لأنكر عليهم الصيام ، بل الذي ثبت من فعل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه كان في مثل هذه الحالة صائما ، لما ثبت في الصحيحين عن أبي الدرداء [ قال ] خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم [ في شهر رمضان ] في حر شديد ، حتى إن كان أحدنا ليضع يده على رأسه [ من شدة الحر ] وما فينا صائم إلا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعبد الله بن رواحة . <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">الثالثة :</span></span> قالت طائفة منهم الشافعي : الصيام في السفر أفضل من الإفطار ، لفعل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كما تقدم ، وقالت طائفة : بل الإفطار أفضل ، أخذا بالرخصة ، ولما ثبت عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : أنه سئل عن الصوم في السفر ، فقال : " من أفطر فحسن ، ومن صام فلا جناح عليه " . وقال في حديث آخر : [ ص: 504 ] <br /> <span style="color: red;">"عليكم برخصة الله التي رخص لكم "</span> وقالت طائفة : هما سواء لحديث عائشة : أن حمزة بن عمرو الأسلمي قال : يا رسول الله ، إني كثير الصيام ، أفأصوم في السفر ؟ فقال : " إن شئت فصم ، وإن شئت فأفطر " . وهو في الصحيحين . وقيل : إن شق الصيام فالإفطار أفضل لحديث جابر : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأى رجلا قد ظلل عليه ، فقال : " ما هذا ؟ " قالوا : صائم ، فقال : " ليس من البر الصيام في السفر " . أخرجاه . فأما إن رغب عن السنة ، ورأى أن الفطر مكروه إليه ، فهذا يتعين عليه الإفطار ، ويحرم عليه الصيام ، والحالة هذه ، لما جاء في مسند الإمام أحمد وغيره ، عن ابن عمر وجابر ، وغيرهما : من لم يقبل رخصة الله كان عليه من الإثم مثل جبال عرفة . <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">الرابعة : </span></span>القضاء ، هل يجب متتابعا أو يجوز فيه التفريق ؟ فيه قولان :</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"> أحد هما </span></span>: أنه يجب التتابع ، لأن القضاء يحكي الأداء .</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"> والثاني </span></span> : لا يجب التتابع ، بل إن شاء فرق ، وإن شاء تابع . وهذا قول جمهور السلف والخلف ، وعليه ثبتت الدلائل ; لأن التتابع إنما وجب في الشهر لضرورة أدائه في الشهر ، فأما بعد انقضاء رمضان فالمراد صيام أيام عدة ما أفطر . ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فعدة من أيام أخر ) ثم قال : ( يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ) قال الإمام أحمد : <br /> حدثنا أبو سلمة الخزاعي ، حدثنا ابن هلال ، عن حميد بن هلال العدوي ، عن أبي قتادة ، عن الأعرابي الذي سمع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " إن خير دينكم أيسره ، إن خير دينكم أيسره <br /> وقال أحمد أيضا : حدثنا يزيد بن هارون ، أخبرنا عاصم بن هلال ، حدثنا غاضرة بن عروة الفقيمي ، حدثني أبي عروة ، قال : كنا ننتظر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فخرج رجلا يقطر رأسه من وضوء أو غسل ، فصلى ، فلما قضى الصلاة جعل الناس يسألونه : علينا حرج في كذا ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن دين الله في يسر " ثلاثا يقولها . <br /> ورواه الإمام أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسير هذه الآية من حديث مسلم بن إبراهيم ، عن عاصم بن هلال ، به . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا محمد بن جعفر ، حدثنا شعبة قال : حدثنا أبو التياح ، سمعت أنس بن مالك يقول : إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " يسروا ، ولا تعسروا ، وسكنوا ولا تنفروا " . أخرجاه في الصحيحين . وفي الصحيحين أيضا : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لمعاذ وأبي موسى حين بعثهما إلى اليمن : " بشرا ولا تنفرا ، ويسرا ولا تعسرا ، وتطاوعا ولا تختلفا " . وفي السنن والمسانيد أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم [ ص: 505 ] قال : " بعثت بالحنيفية السمحة " . <br /> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسيره : حدثنا عبد الله بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم ، حدثنا يحيى ابن أبي طالب ، حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن عطاء ، حدثنا أبو مسعود الجريري ، عن عبد الله بن شقيق ، عن محجن بن الأدرع : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأى رجلا يصلي فتراءاه ببصره ساعة ، فقال : " أتراه يصلي صادقا ؟ " قال : قلت : يا رسول الله ، هذا أكثر أهل المدينة صلاة ، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " لا تسمعه فتهلكه " . وقال : " إن الله إنما أراد بهذه الأمة اليسر ، ولم يرد بهم العسر " . <br /> ومعنى قوله : ( يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ولتكملوا العدة ) أي : إنما أرخص لكم في الإفطار للمرض والسفر ونحوهما من الأعذار لإرادته بكم اليسر ، وإنما أمركم بالقضاء لتكملوا عدة شهركم . <br /> وقوله : ( ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ) أي : ولتذكروا الله عند انقضاء عبادتكم ، كما قال : ( فإذا قضيتم مناسككم فاذكروا الله كذكركم آباءكم أو أشد ذكرا ) [ البقرة : 200 ] وقال : [ ( فإذا قضيتم الصلاة فاذكروا الله قياما وقعودا وعلى جنوبكم ) ] [ النساء : 103 ] ، ( فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض وابتغوا من فضل الله واذكروا الله كثيرا لعلكم تفلحون ) [ الجمعة : 10 ] وقال : ( وسبح بحمد ربك قبل طلوع الشمس وقبل الغروب ومن الليل فسبحه وأدبار السجود ) [ ق : 39 ، 40 ] ; ولهذا جاءت السنة باستحباب التسبيح ، والتحميد والتكبير بعد الصلوات المكتوبات . <br />وقال ابن عباس : ما كنا نعرف انقضاء صلاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلا بالتكبير ; ولهذا أخذ كثير من العلماء مشروعية التكبير في عيد الفطر من هذه الآية : ( ولتكملوا العدة ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ) حتى ذهب داود بن علي الأصبهاني الظاهري إلى وجوبه في عيد الفطر ; لظاهر الأمر في قوله ( ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ) وفي مقابلته مذهب أبي حنيفة رحمه الله أنه لا يشرع التكبير في عيد الفطر . والباقون على استحبابه ، على اختلاف في تفاصيل بعض الفروع بينهم . <br /> وقوله : ( ولعلكم تشكرون ) أي : إذا قمتم بما أمركم الله من طاعته بأداء فرائضه ، وترك محارمه ، وحفظ حدوده ، فلعلكم أن تكونوا من الشاكرين بذلك .<br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;">116</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><br />( وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان فليستجيبوا لي وليؤمنوا بي لعلهم يرشدون ( 186 ) </span></span><br /> قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا يحيى بن المغيرة ، أخبرنا جرير ، عن عبدة بن أبي برزة السجستاني عن الصلب بن حكيم بن معاوية بن حيدة القشيري ، عن أبيه ، عن جده ، أن [ ص: 506 ] أعرابيا قال : يا رسول الله ، أقريب ربنا فنناجيه أم بعيد فنناديه ؟ فسكت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأنزل الله : ( وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان ) . <br /> ورواه ابن مردويه ، وأبو الشيخ الأصبهاني ، من حديث محمد بن أبي حميد ، عن جرير ، به . وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا جعفر بن سليمان ، عن عوف ، عن الحسن ، قال : سأل أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم [ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ] : أين ربنا ؟ فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان ) الآية . <br /> وقال ابن جريج عن عطاء : أنه بلغه لما نزلت : ( وقال ربكم ادعوني أستجب لكم ) [ غافر : 60 ] قال الناس : لو نعلم أي ساعة ندعو ؟ فنزلت : ( وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان ) <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن عبد المجيد الثقفي ، حدثنا خالد الحذاء ، عن أبي عثمان النهدي ، عن أبي موسى الأشعري ، قال : كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزاة فجعلنا لا نصعد شرفا ، ولا نعلو شرفا ، ولا نهبط واديا إلا رفعنا أصواتنا بالتكبير . قال : فدنا منا فقال : " يا أيها الناس ، اربعوا على أنفسكم ; فإنكم لا تدعون أصم ولا غائبا ، إنما تدعون سميعا بصيرا ، إن الذي تدعون أقرب إلى أحدكم من عنق راحلته . يا عبد الله بن قيس ، ألا أعلمك كلمة من كنوز الجنة ؟ لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله " . <br /> أخرجاه في الصحيحين ، وبقية الجماعة من حديث أبي عثمان النهدي ، واسمه عبد الرحمن بن مل ، عنه ، بنحوه . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا سليمان بن داود ، حدثنا شعبة ، حدثنا قتادة ، عن أنس رضي الله عنه : أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " يقول الله تعالى : أنا عند ظن عبدي بي ، وأنا معه إذا دعاني " . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا علي بن إسحاق ، أخبرنا عبد الله ، أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن يزيد بن جابر ، حدثنا إسماعيل بن عبيد الله ، عن كريمة بنت الخشخاش المزنية ، قالت : حدثنا أبو هريرة : أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " قال الله : أنا مع عبدي ما ذكرني ، وتحركت بي شفتاه " . <br /> قلت : وهذا كقوله تعالى : ( إن الله مع الذين اتقوا والذين هم محسنون ) [ النحل : 128 ] ، وكقوله لموسى وهارون ، عليهما السلام : ( إنني معكما أسمع وأرى ) [ طه : 46 ] . والمراد من هذا : أنه تعالى لا يخيب دعاء داع ، ولا يشغله عنه شيء ، بل هو سميع الدعاء . وفيه ترغيب في الدعاء ، وأنه لا يضيع لديه تعالى ، كما قال الإمام أحمد :[ ص: 507 ] <br /> حدثنا يزيد ، حدثنا رجل أنه سمع أبا عثمان هو النهدي يحدث عن سلمان يعني الفارسي رضي الله عنه ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " إن الله تعالى ليستحيي أن يبسط العبد إليه يديه يسأله فيهما خيرا فيردهما خائبتين " . <br /> قال يزيد : سموا لي هذا الرجل ، فقالوا : جعفر بن ميمون . <br /> وقد رواه أبو داود ، والترمذي ، وابن ماجه من حديث جعفر بن ميمون ، صاحب الأنماط ، به . وقال الترمذي : حسن غريب . ورواه بعضهم ، ولم يرفعه . <br /> وقال الشيخ الحافظ أبو الحجاج المزي ، رحمه الله ، في أطرافه : وتابعه أبو همام محمد بن الزبرقان ، عن سليمان التيمي ، عن أبي عثمان النهدي ، به . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد أيضا : حدثنا أبو عامر ، حدثنا علي بن دؤاد أبو المتوكل الناجي ، عن أبي سعيد : أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ما من مسلم يدعو الله عز وجل بدعوة ليس فيها إثم ولا قطيعة رحم ، إلا أعطاه الله بها إحدى ثلاث خصال : إما أن يعجل له دعوته ، وإما أن يدخرها له في الآخرة ، وإما أن يصرف عنه من السوء مثلها " قالوا : إذا نكثر . قال : " الله أكثر " . <br /> وقال عبد الله بن الإمام أحمد : حدثنا إسحاق بن منصور الكوسج ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا ابن ثوبان ، عن أبيه ، عن مكحول ، عن جبير بن نفير ، أن عبادة بن الصامت حدثهم أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ما على ظهر الأرض من رجل مسلم يدعو الله ، عز وجل ، بدعوة إلا آتاه الله إياها ، أو كف عنه من السوء مثلها ، ما لم يدع بإثم أو قطيعة رحم " . <br /> ورواه الترمذي ، عن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الدارمي ، عن محمد بن يوسف الفريابي ، عن ابن ثوبان وهو عبد الرحمن بن ثابت بن ثوبان به . وقال : حسن صحيح غريب من هذا الوجه . <br /> وقال الإمام مالك ، عن ابن شهاب ، عن أبي عبيد مولى ابن أزهر عن أبي هريرة : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " يستجاب لأحدكم ما لم يعجل ، يقول : دعوت فلم يستجب لي " . <br />أخرجاه في الصحيحين من حديث مالك ، به . وهذا لفظ البخاري ، رحمه الله ، وأثابه الجنة . <br /> وقال مسلم أيضا : حدثني أبو الطاهر ، حدثنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني معاوية بن صالح ، عن ربيعة بن يزيد ، عن أبي إدريس الخولاني ، عن أبي هريرة ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " لا يزال يستجاب للعبد ما لم يدع بإثم أو قطيعة رحم ما لم يستعجل " . قيل : يا رسول الله ، ما الاستعجال ؟ قال : " يقول : قد [ص: 508 ] دعوت ، وقد دعوت ، فلم أر يستجاب لي ، فيستحسر عند ذلك ، ويترك الدعاء " . <br /> <span style="color: red;">وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الصمد ، حدثنا ابن هلال ، عن قتادة ، عن أنس : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لا يزال العبد بخير ما لم يستعجل " . قالوا : وكيف يستعجل ؟ قال : " يقول : قد دعوت ربي فلم يستجب لي " . </span><br /> وقال الإمام أبو جعفر الطبري في تفسيره : حدثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، حدثنا ابن وهب ، حدثني أبو صخر : أن يزيد بن عبد الله بن قسيط حدثه ، عن عروة بن الزبير ، عن عائشة ، رضي الله عنها ، أنها قالت : ما من عبد مؤمن يدعو الله بدعوة فتذهب ، حتى تعجل له في الدنيا أو تدخر له في الآخرة ، إذا لم يعجل أو يقنط . قال عروة : قلت : يا أماه كيف عجلته وقنوطه ؟ قالت : يقول : سألت فلم أعط ، ودعوت فلم أجب . <br /> قال ابن قسيط : وسمعت سعيد بن المسيب يقول كقول عائشة سواء . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا حسن ، حدثنا ابن لهيعة ، حدثنا بكر بن عمرو ، عن أبي عبد الرحمن الحبلي ، عن عبد الله بن عمرو ، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " القلوب أوعية ، وبعضها أوعى من بعض ، فإذا سألتم الله أيها الناس فاسألوه وأنتم موقنون بالإجابة ، فإنه لا يستجيب لعبد دعاه عن ظهر قلب غافل " . <br /> وقال ابن مردويه : حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق بن أيوب ، حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن أبي بن نافع بن معد يكرب ببغداد ، حدثني أبي بن نافع ، حدثني أبي بن نافع بن معد يكرب ، قال : كنت أنا وعائشة سألت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الآية : ( أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان ) قال : " يا رب ، مسألة عائشة " . فهبط جبريل فقال : الله يقرؤك السلام ، هذا عبدي الصالح بالنية الصادقة ، وقلبه نقي يقول : يا رب ، فأقول : لبيك . فأقضي حاجته . هذا حديث غريب من هذا الوجه .</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> وروى ابن مردويه من حديث الكلبي ، عن أبي صالح ، عن ابن عباس : حدثني جابر بن عبد الله أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قرأ : ( وإذا سألك عبادي عني فإني قريب أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان ) الآية . فقال رسول [ ص: 509 ] الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " اللهم أمرت بالدعاء ، وتوكلت بالإجابة ، لبيك اللهم لبيك ، لبيك لا شريك لك ، لبيك إن الحمد والنعمة لك ، والملك لا شريك لك ، أشهد أنك فرد أحد صمد لم تلد ولم تولد ولم يكن لك كفوا أحد ، وأشهد أن وعدك حق ، ولقاءك حق ، والجنة حق ، والنار حق ، والساعة آتية لا ريب فيها ، وأنت تبعث من في القبور " . <br /> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر البزار : حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى الأرزي ومحمد بن يحيى القطعي قالا : حدثنا الحجاج بن منهال ، حدثنا صالح المري ، عن الحسن ، عن أنس ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " يقول الله تعالى : يا ابن آدم ، واحدة لك وواحدة لي ، وواحدة فيما بيني وبينك ; فأما التي لي فتعبدني لا تشرك بي شيئا ، وأما التي لك فما عملت من شيء وفيتكه وأما التي بيني وبينك فمنك الدعاء وعلي الإجابة " . <br /> وفي ذكره تعالى هذه الآية الباعثة على الدعاء ، متخللة بين أحكام الصيام ، إرشاد إلى الاجتهاد في الدعاء عند إكمال العدة ، بل وعند كل فطر،كما رواه الإمام أبو داود الطيالسي في مسنده : <br /> حدثنا أبو محمد المليكي ، عن عمرو هو ابن شعيب بن محمد بن عبد الله بن عمرو ، عن أبيه ، عن جده عبد الله بن عمرو ، قال : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " للصائم عند إفطاره دعوة مستجابة " . فكان عبد الله بن عمرو إذ أفطر دعا أهله ، وولده ودعا . <br /> وقال أبو عبد الله محمد بن يزيد بن ماجه في سننه : حدثنا هشام بن عمار ، أخبرنا الوليد بن مسلم ، عن إسحاق بن عبيد الله المدني ، عن عبد الله بن أبي مليكة ، عن عبد الله بن عمرو ، قال : قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن للصائم عند فطره دعوة ما ترد " . قال عبد الله بن أبي مليكة : سمعت عبد الله بن عمرو يقول إذا أفطر : اللهم إني أسألك برحمتك التي وسعت كل شيء أن تغفر لي . <br /> وفي مسند الإمام أحمد ، وسنن الترمذي ، والنسائي ، وابن ماجه ، عن أبي هريرة قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ثلاثة لا ترد دعوتهم : الإمام العادل ، والصائم حتى يفطر ، ودعوة المظلوم يرفعها الله دون الغمام يوم القيامة ، وتفتح لها أبواب السماء ، ويقول : بعزتي لأنصرنك ولو بعد حين " . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">117</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br />( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ ( 187 ) </span></span>[ ص: 510 ] <br /> هَذِهِ رُخْصَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَرَفْعٌ لِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ أَحَدُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ الْأَكْلُ وَالشُّرْبُ وَالْجِمَاعُ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ أَوْ يَنَامُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ ، فَمَتَى نَامَ أَوْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالْجِمَاعُ إِلَى اللَّيْلَةِ الْقَابِلَةِ . فَوَجَدُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَشَقَّةً كَبِيرَةً . وَالرَّفَثُ هُنَا هُوَ : الْجِمَاعُ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَسَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : يَعْنِي هُنَّ سَكَنٌ لَكُمْ ، وَأَنْتُمْ سَكَنٌ لَهُنَّ . <br /> وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : هُنَّ لِحَافٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِحَافٌ لَهُنَّ . <br /> وَحَاصِلُهُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا يُخَالِطُ الْآخَرَ وَيُمَاسُّهُ وَيُضَاجِعُهُ ، فَنَاسَبَ أَنْ يُرَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِي الْمُجَامَعَةِ فِي لَيْلِ رَمَضَانَ ، لِئَلَّا يَشُقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، وَيُحْرَجُوا ، قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ <br />إِذَا مَا الضَّجِيعُ ثَنَى جِيدَهَا تَدَاعَتْ فَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ لِبَاسَا <br /> وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ الطَّوِيلِ ، وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ : كَانَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ صَائِمًا فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ ، لَمْ يَأْكُلْ إِلَى مِثْلَهَا ، وَإِنَّ قَيْسَ بْنَ صِرْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ كَانَ صَائِمًا ، وَكَانَ يَوْمُهُ ذَاكَ يَعْمَلُ فِي أَرْضِهِ ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ الْإِفْطَارَ أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ : هَلْ عِنْدَكِ طَعَامٌ ؟ قَالَتْ : لَا وَلَكِنْ أَنْطَلِقُ فَأَطْلُبُ لَكَ . فَغَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنُهُ فَنَامَ ، وَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ نَائِمًا قَالَتْ : خَيْبَةٌ لَكَ ! أَنِمْتَ ؟ فَلَمَّا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ) فَفَرِحُوا بِهَا فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا . <br /> وَلَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ هَاهُنَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ : سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ كَانُوا لَا [ ص: 511 ] يَقْرَبُونَ النِّسَاءَ ، رَمَضَانَ كُلَّهُ ، وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ يَخُونُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ ) . <br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِذَا صَلَّوُا الْعِشَاءَ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِمُ النِّسَاءُ وَالطَّعَامُ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنَ الْقَابِلَةِ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَصَابُوا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالطَّعَامِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ ، مِنْهُمْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ ) وَكَذَا رَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِي الصَّوْمِ مَا نَزَلَ فِيهِمْ يَأْكُلُونَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ ، وَيَحِلُّ لَهُمْ شَأْنُ النِّسَاءِ ، فَإِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ لَمْ يَطْعَمْ وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ وَلَا يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرَ مِنَ الْقَابِلَةِ ، فَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بَعْدَمَا نَامَ وَوَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّوْمُ وَقَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : أَشْكُو إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَيْكَ الذِي صَنَعْتُ . قَالَ : " وَمَاذَا صَنَعْتَ ؟ " قَالَ : إِنِّي سَوَّلَتْ لِي نَفْسِي ، فَوَقَعْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي بَعْدَ مَا نِمْتُ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ . فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَا كُنْتَ خَلِيقًا أَنْ تَفْعَلَ " . فَنَزَلَ الْكِتَابُ : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) قَالَ : كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ إِذَا صَلَّوُا الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالنِّسَاءُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرُوا ، وَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَصَابَ أَهْلَهُ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ، وَأَنَّ صِرْمَةَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ غَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنُهُ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ ، فَنَامَ وَلَمْ يَشْبَعْ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَيْقِظْ حَتَّى صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْعِشَاءَ ، فَقَامَ فَأَكَلَ وَشَرِبَ ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) يَعْنِي بِالرَّفَثِ : مُجَامَعَةُ النِّسَاءِ ( هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ) يَعْنِي : تُجَامِعُونَ النِّسَاءَ ، وَتَأْكُلُونَ وَتَشْرَبُونَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ ( فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ ) يَعْنِي : جَامِعُوهُنَّ ( وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ) يَعْنِي : الْوَلَدُ ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَفْوًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةً . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، قَالَ : قَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ أَهْلِي الْبَارِحَةَ عَلَى مَا يُرِيدُ الرَّجُلُ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّهَا قَدْ نَامَتْ ، فَظَنَنْتُهَا تَعْتَلُّ ، فَوَاقَعْتُهَا ، فَنَزَلَ فِي عُمَرَ : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ )[ ص: 512 ] <br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، بِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا سَوَيْدٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي سَلِمَةَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : كَانَ النَّاسُ فِي رَمَضَانَ إِذَا صَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَمْسَى فَنَامَ ، حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالنِّسَاءُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرَ مِنَ الْغَدِ . فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مِنْ عِنْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ وَقَدْ سَمُرَ عِنْدَهُ ، فَوَجَدَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَدْ نَامَتْ ، فَأَرَادَهَا ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ ! فَقَالَ : مَا نِمْتِ ! ثُمَّ وَقَعَ بِهَا . وَصَنَعَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ . فَغَدَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ ) [ الْآيَةَ ] . <br /> وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فِي عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَمَنْ صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ ، وَفِي صِرْمَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ; فَأَبَاحَ الْجِمَاعَ وَالطَّعَامَ وَالشَّرَابَ فِي جَمِيعِ اللَّيْلِ رَحْمَةً وَرُخْصَةً وَرِفْقًا . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ) قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَسٌ ، وَشُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ : يَعْنِي الْوَلَدَ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : ( وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ) يَعْنِي : الْجِمَاعُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ النُّكْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ :(وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ) قَالَ : لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ قَالَ : قَالَ قَتَادَةُ : وَابْتَغَوُا الرُّخْصَةَ التِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ . وَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : ( وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ) يَقُولُ : مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَيْضًا : أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : كَيْفَ تَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( وَابْتَغُوا ) أَوْ : " اتَّبِعُوا " ؟ قَالَ : أَيَّتُهُمَا شِئْتَ : عَلَيْكَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ الْأُولَى . <br /> وَاخْتَارَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ أَعَمُّ مِنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) أَبَاحَ تَعَالَى الْأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ ، مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ إِبَاحَةِ الْجِمَاعِ فِي أَيِّ اللَّيْلِ شَاءَ الصَّائِمُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ ضِيَاءُ الصَّبَاحِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ ، وَعَبَّرَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِالْخَيْطِ الْأَبْيَضِ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، وَرَفَعَ اللَّبْسَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ) كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي [ ص: 513 ] مَرْيَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ : ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ ) وَلَمْ يُنْزَلْ ( مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ) وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ إِذَا أَرَادُوا الصَّوْمَ ، رَبَطَ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ الْخَيْطَ الْأَبْيَضَ وَالْخَيْطَ الْأَسْوَدَ ، فَلَا يَزَالُ يَأْكُلُ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ رُؤْيَتَهُمَا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَعْدُ : ( مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ) فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّمَا يَعْنِي : اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُصَيْنٌ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ ) عَمَدْتُ إِلَى عِقَالَيْنِ ، أَحَدُهُمَا أَسْوَدُ وَالْآخَرُ أَبْيَضُ ، قَالَ : فَجَعَلْتُهُمَا تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِي ، قَالَ : فَجَعَلْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمَا فَلَا تَبَيَّنَ لِي الْأَسْوَدُ مِنَ الْأَبْيَضِ ، وَلَا الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْأَسْوَدِ ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالَّذِي صَنَعْتُ . فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ وِسَادَكَ إِذًا لَعَرِيضٌ ، إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ وَسَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ " . <br /> أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ . وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : " إِنَّ وِسَادَكَ إِذًا لَعَرِيضٌ " أَيْ : إِنْ كَانَ يَسَعُ لِوَضْعِ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَالْخَيْطِ الْأَبْيَضِ الْمُرَادَيْنِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تَحْتَهَا ، فَإِنَّهُمَا بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ وَسَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ . فَيَقْتَضِي أَنْ يَكُونَ بِعَرْضِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ . <br /> <span style="color: #783f04;">وَهَكَذَا وَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْبُخَارِيِّ مُفَسَّرًا بِهَذَا : أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ : أَخَذَ عَدِيٌّ عِقَالَا أَبْيَضَ وَعِقَالَا أَسْوَدَ ، حَتَّى كَانَ بَعْضُ اللَّيْلِ نَظَرَ فَلَمْ يَتَبَيَّنَا . فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، جَعَلْتُ تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِي . قَالَ : " إِنَّ وِسَادَكَ إِذًا لَعَرِيضٌ ، إِنْ كَانَ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ وَالْأَسْوَدُ تَحْتَ وِسَادَتِكَ " .</span> <br /> وَجَاءَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَلْفَاظِ : إِنَّكَ لَعَرِيضُ الْقَفَا . فَفَسَّرَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْبَلَادَةِ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ . بَلْ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى هَذَا ; لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ وِسَادُهُ عَرِيضًا فَقَفَاهُ أَيْضًا عَرِيضٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَيُفَسِّرُهُ رِوَايَةُ الْبُخَارِيِّ أَيْضًا : <br /> <span style="color: #660000;">حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، أَهُمَا الْخَيْطَانِ ؟ قَالَ : " إِنَّكَ لَعَرِيضُ الْقَفَا إِنْ أَبْصَرْتَ الْخَيْطَيْنِ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ : " لَا بَلْ هُوَ سَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ وَبَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ " . </span><br /> وَفِي إِبَاحَتِهِ تَعَالَى جَوَازَ الْأَكْلِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ ، دَلِيلٌ عَلَى اسْتِحْبَابِ السُّحُورِ ; لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ بَابِ الرُّخْصَةِ ، وَالْأَخْذُ بِهَا مَحْبُوبٌ ; وَلِهَذَا وَرَدَتِ السُّنَّةُ الثَّابِتَةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْحَثِّ عَلَى السُّحُورِ [ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ بَابِ الرُّخْصَةِ وَالْأَخْذِ بِهَا ] فَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " تَسَحَّرُوا فَإِنَّ فِي السَّحُورِ بَرَكَةٌ " . وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ [ ص: 514 ] رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ فَصْلَ مَا بَيْنَ صِيَامِنَا وَصِيَامِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَكْلَةُ السَّحَرِ " . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى هُوَ ابْنُ الطَّبَّاعِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " السَّحُورُ أَكْلُهُ بَرَكَةٌ ; فَلَا تَدَعُوهُ ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يَجْرَعُ جُرْعَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى الْمُتَسَحِّرِينَ " . <br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي التَّرْغِيبِ فِي السُّحُورِ أَحَادِيثُ كَثِيرَةٌ حَتَّى وَلَوْ بِجُرْعَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ ، تَشَبُّهًا بِالْآكِلِينَ . وَيُسْتَحَبُّ تَأْخِيرُهُ إِلَى قَرِيبِ انْفِجَارِ الْفَجْرِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، قَالَ : تَسَحَّرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ قُمْنَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ . قَالَ أَنَسٌ : قُلْتُ لِزَيْدٍ : كَمْ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْأَذَانِ وَالسُّحُورِ ؟ قَالَ : قَدْرُ خَمْسِينَ آيَةً . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الْحِمْصِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَزَالُ أُمَّتِي بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْإِفْطَارَ وَأَخَّرُوا السُّحُورَ " . وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَمَّاهُ الْغَدَاءَ الْمُبَارَكَ ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ قَالَ : تَسَحَّرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكَانَ النَّهَارُ إِلَّا أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ لَمْ تَطْلُعْ . وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَاصِمُ بْنُ أَبِي النَّجُودِ ، قَالَهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، وَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ قُرْبُ النَّهَارِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى:( فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ)[ الطَّلَاقِ : 2 ] أَيْ : قَارَبْنَ انْقِضَاءَ الْعِدَّةِ ، فَإِمَّا إِمْسَاكٌ أَوْ تَرْكٌ لِلْفِرَاقِ . وَهَذَا الذِي قَالَهُ هُوَ الْمُتَعَيَّنُ حَمْلُ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَيْهِ : أَنَّهُمْ تَسَحَّرُوا وَلَمْ يَتَيَقَّنُوا طُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ ، حَتَّى أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ ظَنَّ طُلُوعَهُ وَبَعْضَهُمْ لَمْ يَتَحَقَّقْ ذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ طَائِفَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ أَنَّهُمْ تَسَامَحُوا فِي السُّحُورِ عِنْدَ مُقَارَبَةِ الْفَجْرِ . رُوِيَ مِثْلُ هَذَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَعُمَرَ ، وَعَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَحُذَيْفَةَ ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَعَنْ طَائِفَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ ، مِنْهُمْ : مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ، وَأَبُو مِجْلَزٍ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَأَبُو الضُّحَى ، وَأَبُو وَائِلٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَأَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ . وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ الْأَعْمَشُ وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ . وَقَدْ حَرَّرْنَا أَسَانِيدَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ [ ص: 515 ] الصِّيَامِ الْمُفْرَدِ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ . <br /> وَحَكَى أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ : أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَجِبُ الْإِمْسَاكُ مِنْ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ كَمَا يَجُوزُ الْإِفْطَارُ بِغُرُوبِهَا . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ مَا أَظُنُّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَسْتَقِرُّ لَهُ قَدَمٌ عَلَيْهِ ، لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ نَصَّ الْقُرْآنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ سُحُورِكُمْ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُنَادِي بِلَيْلٍ ، فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى تَسْمَعُوا أَذَانَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُؤَذِّنُ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ " . لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ طَلْقٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَيْسَ الْفَجْرُ الْمُسْتَطِيلُ فِي الْأُفُقِ وَلَكِنَّهُ الْمُعْتَرِضُ الْأَحْمَرُ " . وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَلَفْظُهُمَا : " كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا وَلَا يَهِيدَنَّكُمُ السَّاطِعُ الْمُصْعِدُ ، فَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَعْتَرِضَ لَكُمُ الْأَحْمَرُ " . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُشَيْرٍ : سَمِعْتُ سَمُرَةَ بْنَ جُنْدُبٍ يَقُولُ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ نِدَاءُ بِلَالٍ وَهَذَا الْبَيَاضُ حَتَّى يَنْفَجِرَ الْفَجْرُ ، أَوْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ " . <br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ ، عَنْ سَوَادَةَ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ مِنْ سُحُورِكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ وَلَا الْفَجْرُ الْمُسْتَطِيلُ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْفَجْرَ الْمُسْتَطِيرَ فِي الْأُفُقِ " . <br /> قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَوَادَةَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ وَلَا هَذَا الْبَيَاضُ ، لِعَمُودِ الصُّبْحِ حَتَّى يَسْتَطِيرَ " . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَعْنِي بْنَ عُلَيَّةَ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَمْنَعَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ أَذَانُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ سُحُورِهِ أَوْ قَالَ نِدَاءُ بِلَالٍ فَإِنَّ بِلَالًا يُؤَذِّنُ أَوْ [ قَالَ ] يُنَادِي لِيُنَبِّهَ نَائِمَكُمْ وَلِيَرْجِعَ قَائِمُكُمْ ، وَلَيْسَ الْفَجْرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ [ ص: 516 ] هَكَذَا أَوْ هَكَذَا ، حَتَّى يَقُولَ هَكَذَا " . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ ، بِهِ . <br /> وَحَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ النَّخَعِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْفَجْرُ فَجْرَانِ ، فَالذِي كَأَنَّهُ ذَنْبُ السِّرْحَانِ لَا يُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا ، وَأَمَّا الْمُسْتَطِيرُ الذِي يَأْخُذُ الْأُفُقَ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُحِلُّ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُحَرِّمُ الطَّعَامَ " . وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ : هُمَا فَجْرَانِ ، فَأَمَّا الذِي يَسْطَعُ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَيْسَ يُحِلُّ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُ شَيْئًا ، وَلَكِنَّ الْفَجْرَ الذِي يَسْتَبِينُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ ، هُوَ الذِي يُحَرِّمُ الشَّرَابَ . قَالَ عَطَاءٌ : فَأَمَّا إِذَا سَطَعَ سُطُوعًا فِي السَّمَاءِ ، وَسُطُوعُهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ فِي السَّمَاءِ طُولًا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحْرُمُ بِهِ شَرَابٌ لِصِيَامٍ وَلَا صَلَاةٌ ، وَلَا يَفُوتُ بِهِ حَجٌّ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا انْتَشَرَ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ ، حَرَّمَ الشَّرَابَ لِلصِّيَامِ وَفَاتَ الْحَجُّ <br /> وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : وَمِنْ جَعْلِهِ تَعَالَى الْفَجْرَ غَايَةً لِإِبَاحَةِ الْجِمَاعِ وَالطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ الصِّيَامَ ، يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ جُنُبًا فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ ، وَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ ، وَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ . وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ وَجُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ سَلَفًا وَخَلَفًا ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَتَا : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ، ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ وَيَصُومُ . وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عِنْدَهُمَا : ثُمَّ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَلَا يَقْضِي . وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، تُدْرِكُنِي الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنَا جُنُبٌ ، فَأَصُومُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَنَا تُدْرِكُنِي الصَّلَاةُ وَأَنَا جُنُبٌ ، فَأَصُومُ " . فَقَالَ : لَسْتَ مِثْلَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، قَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ . فَقَالَ : " وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُكُمْ بِمَا أَتَّقِي " . </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَأَحَدُكُمْ جُنُبٌ فَلَا يَصُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ " فَإِنَّهُ حَدِيثٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِسْنَادِ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، </span>كَمَا تَرَى وَهُوَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ [ ص: 517 ] صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفِي سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ عَنْهُ ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، وَالْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ . فَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ عَلَّلَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِهَذَا ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ، وَيُحْكَى هَذَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَسَالِمٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ . وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى التَّفْرِقَةِ بَيْنَ أَنْ يُصْبِحَ جُنُبًا نَائِمًا فَلَا عَلَيْهِ ، لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، أَوْ مُخْتَارًا فَلَا صَوْمَ لَهُ ، لِحَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . يُحْكَى هَذَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ . وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْفَرْضِ فَيُتِمُّهُ وَيَقْضِيهِ وَأَمَّا النَّفْلُ فَلَا يَضُرُّهُ . رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ . وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَيْضًا ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنِ ادَّعَى نَسْخَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِحَدِيثَيْ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، وَلَكِنْ لَا تَارِيخَ مَعَهُ . <br /> وَادَّعَى ابْنُ حَزْمٍ أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ ، وَهُوَ بَعِيدٌ أَيْضًا ، وَأَبْعَدُ ; إِذْ لَا تَارِيخَ ، بَلِ الظَّاهِرُ مِنَ التَّارِيخِ خِلَافُهُ . وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَمَلَ حَدِيثَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَلَى نَفْيِ الْكَمَالِ " فَلَا صَوْمَ لَهُ " لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ الدَّالَّيْنِ عَلَى الْجَوَازِ . وَهَذَا الْمَسْلَكُ أَقْرَبُ الْأَقْوَالِ وَأَجْمَعُهَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى :(ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) يَقْتَضِي الْإِفْطَارَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ حُكْمًا شَرْعِيًّا ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِذَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا وَأَدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ مِنْ هَاهُنَا ، فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ " . <br /> وَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ " أَخْرَجَاهُ أَيْضًا . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : إِنَّ أَحَبَّ عِبَادِي إِلِيَّ أَعْجَلُهُمْ فِطْرًا " . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِيَادٍ ، سَمِعْتُ إِيَادَ بْنَ لَقِيطٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ لَيْلَى امْرَأَةَ بَشِيرِ بْنِ الْخَصَاصِيَةِ ، قَالَتْ : أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ يَوْمَيْنِ مُوَاصَلَةً ، فَمَنَعَنِي بَشِيرٌ وَقَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْهُ . وَقَالَ : " يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ النَّصَارَى ، وَلَكِنْ صُومُوا كَمَا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ، وَأَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ، فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ فَأَفْطِرُوا " . <br /> [ وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ ، حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ [ ص: 518 ] حَمْزَةَ ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاصَلَ يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَيْلَةً ; فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ قَبِلَ وِصَالَكَ ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ ، وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ : ( ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) فَلَا صِيَامَ بَعْدَ اللَّيْلِ ، وَأَمَرَنِي بِالْوِتْرِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ ، أَوْرَدَهُ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ فِي تَارِيخِهِ ] . <br /> وَلِهَذَا وَرَدَ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْوِصَالِ ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يَصِلَ صَوْمَ يَوْمٍ بِيَوْمٍ آخَرَ ، وَلَا يَأْكُلَ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تُوَاصِلُوا " . قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ . قَالَ : " فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ ، إِنِّي أَبِيتُ يُطْعِمُنِي رَبِّي وَيَسْقِينِي " . قَالَ : فَلَمْ يَنْتَهُوا عَنِ الْوِصَالِ ، فَوَاصَلَ بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَيْلَتَيْنِ ، ثُمَّ رَأَوُا الْهِلَالَ ، فَقَالَ : " لَوْ تَأَخَّرَ الْهِلَالُ لَزِدْتُكُمْ " كَالْمُنَكِّلِ بِهِمْ . <br /> وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهِ . وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْرَجَا النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْوِصَالِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ . <br /> وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْوِصَالِ ، رَحْمَةً لَهُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : إِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ . قَالَ : " إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ ، إِنِّي يُطْعِمُنِي رَبِّي وَيَسْقِينِي " . <br /> فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ النَّهْيُ عَنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ ، وَثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَوَّى عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَيُعَانُ ، وَالْأَظْهَرُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الطَّعَامَ وَالشَّرَابَ فِي حَقِّهِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مَعْنَوِيًّا لَا حِسِّيًّا ، وَإِلَّا فَلَا يَكُونُ مُوَاصِلًا مَعَ الْحِسِّيِّ ، وَلَكِنْ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ : <br />لَهَا أَحَادِيثُ مِنْ ذِكْرَاكَ تَشْغَلُهَا عَنِ الشَّرَابِ وَتُلْهِيهَا عَنِ الزَّادِ <br /> وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ بَعْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى وَقْتِ السَّحَرِ فَلَهُ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تُوَاصِلُوا ، فَأَيُّكُمْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَاصِلَ فَلْيُوَاصِلْ إِلَى السَّحَرِ " . قَالُوا : فَإِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : " إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ ، إِنِّي أَبَيْتُ لِي مُطْعِمٌ يُطْعِمُنِي ، وَسَاقٍ يَسْقِينِي " . أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَيْضًا . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْرَائِيلَ الْعَبْسِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ ، عَنْ أُمِّ وَلَدِ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ : أَنَّهَا مَرَّتْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَتَسَحَّرُ ، فَدَعَاهَا إِلَى الطَّعَامِ . فَقَالَتْ : إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ . قَالَ : وَكَيْفَ تَصُومِينَ ؟ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " أَيْنَ أَنْتِ مِنْ [ ص: 519 ] وِصَالِ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ،مِنَ السَّحَرِ إِلَى السَّحَرِ " <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يُوَاصِلُ مِنَ السَّحَرِ إِلَى السَّحَرِ . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ، أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُوَاصِلُونَ الْأَيَّامَ الْمُتَعَدِّدَةَ [ وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ] وَحَمَلَهُ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ رِيَاضَةً لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ، لَا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَهُ عِبَادَةً . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْهَمُونَ مِنَ النَّهْيِ أَنَّهُ إِرْشَادٌ ، [ أَيْ ] مِنْ بَابِ الشَّفَقَةِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ : " رَحْمَةً لَهُمْ " ، فَكَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَابْنُهُ عَامِرٌ وَمَنْ سَلَكَ سَبِيلَهُمْ يَتَجَشَّمُونَ ذَلِكَ وَيَفْعَلُونَهُ ، لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَجِدُونَ قُوَّةً عَلَيْهِ . وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَوَّلَ مَا يُفْطِرُونَ عَلَى السَّمْنِ وَالصَّبْرِ لِئَلَّا تَتَخَرَّقَ الْأَمْعَاءُ بِالطَّعَامِ أَوَّلًا . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُوَاصِلُ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَيُصْبِحُ فِي الْيَوْمِ السَّابِعِ أَقْوَاهُمْ وَأَجْلَدُهُمْ . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : إِنَّمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصِّيَامَ بِالنَّهَارِ فَإِذَا جَاءَ بِالْلَّيْلِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَكَلَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : <span style="color: red;">( وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ )</span> قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : هَذَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَعْتَكِفُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فِي رَمَضَانَ أَوْ فِي غَيْرِ رَمَضَانَ ، فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ النِّسَاءَ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اعْتِكَافَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا اعْتَكَفَ فَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ ، جَامَعَ إِنْ شَاءَ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ) أَيْ : لَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ مَا دُمْتُمْ عَاكِفِينَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَلَا فِي غَيْرِهِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَقَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلٍ ، قَالُوا : لَا يَقْرَبُهَا وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ . وَهَذَا الذِي حَكَاهُ عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ هُوَ الْأَمْرُ الْمُتَّفَقُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْعُلَمَاءِ : أَنَّ الْمُعْتَكِفَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ مَا دَامَ مُعْتَكِفًا فِي مَسْجِدِهِ ، وَلَوْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ لِحَاجَةٍ لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْهَا فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَلَبَّثَ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِمِقْدَارِ مَا يَفْرَغُ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ تِلْكَ ، مِنْ قَضَاءِ الْغَائِطِ ، أَوْ أَكْلٍ ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُقَبِّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ ، وَلَا يَضُمَّهَا إِلَيْهِ ، وَلَا يَشْتَغِلَ بِشَيْءٍ سِوَى اعْتِكَافِهِ ، وَلَا يَعُودَ الْمَرِيضَ ، لَكِنْ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ مَارٌّ فِي طَرِيقِهِ . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">وَلِلْاعْتِكَافِ أَحْكَامٌ مُفَصَّلَةٌ فِي بَابِهِ ، مِنْهَا مَا هُوَ مَجْمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ ، وَمِنْهَا مَا هُوَ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ . وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا قِطْعَةً صَالِحٍةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ . </span></span><br /> وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الْفُقَهَاءُ الْمُصَنِّفُونَ يُتْبِعُونَ كِتَابَ الصِّيَامِ بِكِتَابِ الِاعْتِكَافِ ، اقْتِدَاءً بِالْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ ، فَإِنَّهُ نَبَّهَ عَلَى ذِكْرِ الِاعْتِكَافِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ الصَّوْمِ . وَفِي ذِكْرِهِ تَعَالَى الِاعْتِكَافَ بَعْدَ الصِّيَامِ إِرْشَادٌ وَتَنْبِيهٌ عَلَى [ ص: 520 ] الِاعْتِكَافِ فِي الصِّيَامِ ، أَوْ فِي آخِرِ شَهْرِ الصِّيَامِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَتِ السُّنَّةُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ، حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ . أَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ حُيَيٍّ كَانَتْ تَزُورُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ مُعْتَكَفٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَتَحَدَّثَتْ عِنْدَهُ سَاعَةً ، ثُمَّ قَامَتْ لِتَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلَهَا وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ لَيْلًا فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَمْشِيَ مَعَهَا حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ دَارَهَا ، وَكَانَ مَنْزِلُهَا فِي دَارِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي جَانِبِ الْمَدِينَةِ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ لَقِيَهُ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَسْرَعَا وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : تَوَارَيَا أَيْ حَيَاءً مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِكَوْنِ أَهْلِهِ مَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " عَلَى رِسْلِكُمَا إِنَّهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيٍّ " أَيْ : لَا تُسْرِعَا ، وَاعْلَمَا أَنَّهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيٍّ ، أَيْ : زَوْجَتِي . فَقَالَا سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ : " إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنَ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ ، وَإِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَقْذِفَ فِي قُلُوبِكُمَا شَيْئًا " أَوْ قَالَ : " شَرًّا " . <br /> قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : أَرَادَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ أُمَّتَهُ التَّبَرِّيَ مِنَ التُّهْمَةِ فِي مَحَلَهَا ، لِئَلَّا يَقَعَا فِي مَحْذُورٍ ، وَهُمَا كَانَا أَتْقَى لِلَّهِ أَنْ يَظُنَّا بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> ثُمَّ الْمُرَادُ بِالْمُبَاشِرَةِ : إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْجِمَاعُ وَدَوَاعِيهِ مِنْ تَقْبِيلٍ ، وَمُعَانَقَةٍ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَمَّا مُعَاطَاةُ الشَّيْءِ وَنَحْوَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ ; فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُدْنِي إِلِيَّ رَأْسَهُ فَأُرَجِّلُهُ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ ، وَكَانَ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : وَلَقَدْ كَانَ الْمَرِيضُ يَكُونُ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَمَا أَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا وَأَنَا مَارَّةٌ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ) أَيْ : هَذَا الذِي بَيَّنَّاهُ ، وَفَرَضْنَاهُ ، وَحَدَّدْنَاهُ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ ، وَأَحْكَامِهِ ، وَمَا أَبَحْنَا فِيهِ وَمَا حَرَّمْنَا ، وَذِكْرِ غَايَاتِهِ وَرُخَصِهِ وَعَزَائِمِهِ ، حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ، أَيْ : شَرَعَهَا اللَّهُ وَبَيَّنَهَا بِنَفْسِهِ ( فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ) أَيْ : لَا تُجَاوِزُوهَا ، وَتَعْتَدُوهَا . <br /> وَكَانَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ يَقُولَانِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ) أَيِ : الْمُبَاشَرَةُ فِي الِاعْتِكَافِ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : يَعْنِي هَذِهِ الْحُدُودَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ ، وَيَقْرَأُ ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) حَتَّى بَلَغَ : ( ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) قَالَ : وَكَانَ أَبِي وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ مَشْيَخَتِنَا يَقُولُونَ هَذَا وَيَتْلُونَهُ عَلَيْنَا . <br /> ( كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ ) أَيْ : كَمَا بَيَّنَ الصِّيَامَ وَأَحْكَامَهُ وَشَرَائِعَهُ وَتَفَاصِيلَهُ ، كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ سَائِرَ الْأَحْكَامِ عَلَى لِسَانِ عَبْدِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ( لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ ) أَيْ : يَعْرِفُونَ كَيْفَ يَهْتَدُونَ ، وَكَيْفَ يُطِيعُونَ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( هُوَ الذِي يُنَزِّلُ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ لِيُخْرِجَكُمْ مِنَ الظُّلَمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ [ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ ) ] . [ الْحَدِيدِ : 9 ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;">118</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br />[ ص: 521 ] ) ولا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل وتدلوا بها إلى الحكام لتأكلوا فريقا من أموال الناس بالإثم وأنتم تعلمون( 188) </span></span><br /> قال علي ابن أبي طلحة ، وعن ابن عباس : هذا في الرجل يكون عليه مال ، وليس عليه فيه بينة ، فيجحد المال ويخاصم إلى الحكام ، وهو يعرف أن الحق عليه ، وهو يعلم أنه آثم آكل حرام</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <br /> وكذا روي عن مجاهد ، وسعيد بن جبير ، وعكرمة ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، والسدي ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم أنهم قالوا : لا تخاصم وأنت تعلم أنك ظالم . وقد ورد في الصحيحين عن أم سلمة : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ألا إنما أنا بشر ، وإنما يأتيني الخصم فلعل بعضكم أن يكون ألحن بحجته من بعض فأقضي له ، فمن قضيت له بحق مسلم ، فإنما هي قطعة من نار ، فليحملها ، أو ليذرها " . فدلت هذه الآية الكريمة ، وهذا الحديث على أن حكم الحاكم لا يغير الشيء في نفس الأمر ، فلا يحل في نفس الأمر حراما هو حرام ، ولا يحرم حلالا هو حلال ، وإنما هو يلزم في الظاهر ، فإن طابق في نفس الأمر فذاك ، وإلا فللحاكم أجره وعلى المحتال وزره ; ولهذا قال تعالى : ( ولا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل وتدلوا بها إلى الحكام لتأكلوا فريقا ) [ أي : طائفة ] ( من أموال الناس بالإثم وأنتم تعلمون ) أي : تعلمون بطلان ما تدعونه وتروجون في كلامكم . <br />قال قتادة : اعلم يا ابن آدم أن قضاء القاضي لا يحل لك حراما ، ولا يحق لك باطلا وإنما يقضي القاضي بنحو ما يرى ويشهد به الشهود ، والقاضي بشر يخطئ ويصيب ، واعلموا أن من قضي له بباطل أن خصومته لم تنقض حتى يجمع الله بينهما يوم القيامة ، فيقضي على المبطل للمحق بأجود مما قضي به للمبطل على المحق في الدنيا . <br /> وقال أبو حنيفة : حكم الحاكم بطلاق الزوجة إذا شهد عنده شاهدا زور في نفس الأمر ، ولكنهما عدلان عنده يحلها للأزواج حتى للشاهدين ويحرمها على زوجها الذي حكم بطلاقها منه ، وقالوا : هذا كلعان المرأة ، إنه يبينها من زوجها ويحرمها عليه ، وإن كانت كاذبة في نفس الأمر ، ولو علم الحاكم بكذبها لحدها ولما حرمها وهذا أولى . <br /> مسألة : قال القرطبي : أجمع أهل السنة على أن من أكل مالا حراما ولو ما يصدق عليه اسم المال أنه يفسق ، وقال بشر بن المعتمر في طائفة من المعتزلة : لا يفسق إلا بأكل مائتي درهم فما زاد ، ولا يفسق بما دون ذلك ، وقال الجبائي : يفسق بأكل درهم فما فوقه إلا بما دونه . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;">119</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><br />( يسألونك عن الأهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس والحج وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها ولكن البر من اتقى وأتوا البيوت من أبوابها واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحون ( 189 ) </span></span>[ ص: 522 ]قال العوفي عن ابن عباس : سأل الناس رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الأهلة ، فنزلت هذه الآية : ( يسألونك عن الأهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس [ والحج ] ) يعلمون بها حل دينهم ، وعدة نسائهم ، ووقت حجهم . <br /> وقال أبو جعفر ، عن الربيع ، عن أبي العالية : بلغنا أنهم قالوا : يا رسول الله ، لم خلقت الأهلة ؟ فأنزل الله ( يسألونك عن الأهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس ) يقول : جعلها الله مواقيت لصوم المسلمين وإفطارهم ، وعدة نسائهم ، ومحل دينهم . <br /> وكذا روي عن عطاء ، والضحاك ، وقتادة ، والسدي ، والربيع بن أنس ، نحو ذلك . <br /> وقال عبد الرزاق ، عن عبد العزيز بن أبي رواد ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " جعل الله الأهلة مواقيت للناس ، فصوموا لرؤيته ، وأفطروا لرؤيته ، فإن غم عليكم فعدوا ثلاثين يوما " . <br /> ورواه الحاكم في مستدركه ، من حديث ابن أبي رواد ، به . وقال : كان ثقة عابدا مجتهدا شريف النسب ، فهو صحيح الإسناد ، ولم يخرجاه . <br /> وقال محمد بن جابر ، عن قيس بن طلق ; عن أبيه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " جعل الله الأهلة ، فإذا رأيتم الهلال فصوموا ، وإذا رأيتموه فأفطروا ، فإن أغمي عليكم فأكملوا العدة ثلاثين " . وكذا روي من حديث أبي هريرة ، ومن كلام علي بن أبي طالب ، رضي الله عنه . <br /> وقوله : ( وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها ولكن البر من اتقى وأتوا البيوت من أبوابها ) قال البخاري : حدثنا عبيد الله بن موسى ، عن إسرائيل ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء قال : كانوا إذا أحرموا في الجاهلية أتوا البيت من ظهره ، فأنزل الله ( وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها ولكن البر من اتقى وأتوا البيوت من أبوابها ) . <br /> وكذا رواه أبو داود الطيالسي ، عن شعبة ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء ، قال : كانت الأنصار إذا قدموا من سفر لم يدخل الرجل من قبل بابه ، فنزلت هذه الآية . <br /> وقال الأعمش ، عن أبي سفيان ، عن جابر : كانت قريش تدعى الحمس ، وكانوا يدخلون من الأبواب في الإحرام ، وكانت الأنصار وسائر العرب لا يدخلون من باب في الإحرام ، فبينا رسول الله [ ص: 523 ] صلى الله عليه وسلم في بستان إذ خرج من بابه ، وخرج معه قطبة بن عامر الأنصاري ، فقالوا : يا رسول الله ، إن قطبة بن عامر رجل تاجر وإنه خرج معك من الباب . فقال له : " ما حملك على ما صنعت ؟ " قال : رأيتك فعلته ففعلت كما فعلت . فقال : " إني [ رجل ] أحمس " . قال له : فإن ديني دينك . فأنزل الله ( وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها ولكن البر من اتقى وأتوا البيوت من أبوابها ) رواه ابن أبي حاتم . ورواه العوفي عن ابن عباس بنحوه . وكذا روي عن مجاهد ، والزهري ، وقتادة ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، والسدي ، والربيع بن أنس . <br />وقال الحسن البصري : كان أقوام من أهل الجاهلية إذا أراد أحدهم سفرا وخرج من بيته يريد سفره الذي خرج له ، ثم بدا له بعد خروجه أن يقيم ويدع سفره ، لم يدخل البيت من بابه ، ولكن يتسوره من قبل ظهره ، فقال الله تعالى : ( وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها [ ولكن البر من اتقى ] ) الآية . <br /> وقال محمد بن كعب : كان الرجل إذا اعتكف لم يدخل منزله من باب البيت ، فأنزل الله هذه الآية . <br /> وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح : كان أهل يثرب إذا رجعوا من عيدهم دخلوا منازلهم من ظهورها ويرون أن ذلك أدنى إلى البر ، فقال الله تعالى : ( وليس البر بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها ) <br /> وقوله : ( واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحون ) أي : اتقوا الله فافعلوا ما أمركم به ، واتركوا ما نهاكم عنه ( لعلكم تفلحون ) غدا إذا وقفتم بين يديه ، فيجزيكم بأعمالكم على التمام ، والكمال . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">120</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br />( وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ( 190 ) وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ ( 191 ) فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( 192 ) وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ( 193 ) </span></span><br /> قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ ) قَالَ : هَذِهِ أَوَّلُ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقِتَالِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقَاتِلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَهُ ، وَيَكُفُّ عَمَّنْ كَفَّ عَنْهُ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ بَرَاءَةٍ وَكَذَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ حَتَّى قَالَ:هَذِهِ مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 5 ] وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ ; لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ : ( الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ ) إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَهْيِيجٌ وَإِغْرَاءٌ بِالْأَعْدَاءِ الَّذِينَ هِمَّتُهُمْ قِتَالُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ ، أَيْ : كَمَا [ ص: 524 ] يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ فَقَاتِلُوهُمْ أَنْتُمْ ، كَمَا قَالَ : ( وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 36 ] ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ) أَيْ : لِتَكُنْ هِمَّتُكُمْ مُنْبَعِثَةً عَلَى قِتَالِهِمْ ، كَمَا أَنَّ هِمَّتَهُمْ مُنْبَعِثَةٌ عَلَى قِتَالِكُمْ ، وَعَلَى إِخْرَاجِهِمْ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمُ التِي أَخْرَجُوكُمْ مِنْهَا ، قِصَاصًا . <br /> وَقَدْ حُكِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، أَنَّ أَوَّلَ آيَةٍ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقِتَالِ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ ، ( أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا ) الْآيَةَ [ الْحَجِّ : 39 ] وَهُوَ الْأَشْهَرُ وَبِهِ وَرَدَ الْحَدِيثُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ) أَيْ : قَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ ارْتِكَابُ الْمَنَاهِي كَمَا قَالَهُ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ مِنَ الْمَثُلَةِ ، وَالْغُلُولِ ، وَقَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالشُّيُوخِ الَّذِينَ لَا رَأْيَ لَهُمْ وَلَا قِتَالَ فِيهِمْ ، وَالرُّهْبَانِ وَأَصْحَابِ الصَّوَامِعِ ، وَتَحْرِيقِ الْأَشْجَارِ وَقَتْلِ الْحَيَوَانِ لِغَيْرِ مَصْلَحَةٍ ، كَمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ . وَلِهَذَا جَاءَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ : " اغْزُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِالْلَّهِ ، اغْزُوا وَلَا تَغُلُّوا ، وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا ، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا ، وَلَا أَصْحَابَ الصَّوَامِعِ " . رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ . <br /> وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بَعَثَ جُيُوشَهُ قَالَ : " اخْرُجُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ ، قَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَنْ كَفَرَ بِالْلَّهِ ، لَا تَغْدِرُوا وَلَا تَغُلُّوا ، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا الْوِلْدَانَ وَلَا أَصْحَابَ الصَّوَامِعِ " . رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ . <br />وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا ، نَحْوَهُ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : وُجِدَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِي النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَقْتُولَةً ، فَأَنْكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَتْلَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَجْلَحُ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ رِبْعَيِ بْنِ حِرَاشٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ حُذَيْفَةَ يَقُولُ : ضَرَبَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمْثَالًا وَاحِدًا ، وَثَلَاثَةً ، وَخَمْسَةً ، وَسَبْعَةً ، وَتِسْعَةً ، وَأَحَدَ عَشَرَ ، فَضَرَبَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْهَا مَثَلًا وَتَرَكَ سَائِرَهَا ، قَالَ : " إِنَّ قَوْمًا كَانُوا أَهْلَ ضَعْفٍ وَمَسْكَنَةٍ ، قَاتَلَهُمْ أَهْلُ تَجَبُّرٍ وَعَدَاءٍ ، فَأَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ أَهْلَ الضَّعْفِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَعَمَدُوا إِلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ فَاسْتَعْمَلُوهُمْ وَسَلَّطُوهُمْ فَأَسْخَطُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ " . <br /> هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنُ الْإِسْنَادِ . وَمَعْنَاهُ : أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الضُّعَفَاءَ لَمَّا قَدَرُوا عَلَى الْأَقْوِيَاءِ ، فَاعْتَدَوْا عَلَيْهِمْ وَاسْتَعْمَلُوهُمْ فِيمَا لَا يَلِيقُ بِهِمْ ، أَسْخَطُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِسَبَبِ هَذَا الِاعْتِدَاءِ . وَالْأَحَادِيثُ وَالْآثَارُ فِي هَذَا كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا . <br /> وَلَمَّا كَانَ الْجِهَادُ فِيهِ إِزْهَاقُ النُّفُوسِ وَقَتْلُ الرِّجَالِ ، نَبَّهَ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَنَّ مَا هُمْ مُشْتَمَلُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ [ ص: 525 ] الْكُفْرِ بِالْلَّهِ وَالشِّرْكِ بِهِ وَالصَّدِّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ أَبْلَغُ وَأَشَدُّ وَأَعْظَمُ وَأَطَمُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ) قَالَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ : أَيْ : مَا أَنْتُمْ مُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ) يَقُولُ : الشِّرْكُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : " إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لِي إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ، وَإِنَّهَا سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ ، حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، لَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهُ ، وَلَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهُ . فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُولُوا : إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ " . <br /> يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ قِتَالَهُ أَهْلَهَا يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ ، فَإِنَّهُ فَتَحَهَا عَنْوَةً ، وَقُتِلَتْ رِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ الْخَنْدَمَةِ ، وَقِيلَ : صُلْحًا ; لِقَوْلِهِ : مَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ . <br /> [ وَقَدْ حَكَى الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ مَنْسُوخٌ . قَالَ قَتَادَةُ : نَسَخَهَا قَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 5 ] . قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : نَسَخَهَا قَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ ) وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ :(حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ كَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : لَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَبْدَأُوكُمْ بِالْقِتَالِ فِيهِ ، فَلَكُمْ حِينَئِذٍ قِتَالُهُمْ وَقَتْلُهُمْ دَفْعًا لِلصِّيَالِ كَمَا بَايَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَصْحَابَهُ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ ، لَمَّا تَأَلَّبَتْ عَلَيْهِ بُطُونُ قُرَيْشٍ وَمَنْ وَالَاهُمْ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ ثَقِيفٍ وَالْأَحَابِيشِ عَامَئِذٍ ، ثُمَّ كَفَّ اللَّهُ الْقِتَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ : ( وَهُوَ الذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ ) [ الْفَتْحِ : 24 ] ، ، وَقَالَ : ( وَلَوْلَا رِجَالٌ مُؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَاءٌ مُؤْمِنَاتٌ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَنْ تَطَئُوهُمْ فَتُصِيبَكُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَعَرَّةٌ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ لِيُدْخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا لَعَذَّبْنَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا ) [ الْفَتْحِ : 25 ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ) أَيْ : فَإِنْ تَرَكُوا الْقِتَالَ فِي الْحَرَمِ ، وَأَنَابُوا إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ [ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ] يَغْفِرُ ذُنُوبَهُمْ ، وَلَوْ كَانُوا قَدْ قَتَلُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ ، فَإِنَّهُ تَعَالَى لَا يَتَعَاظَمُهُ ذَنْبٌ أَنْ يَغْفِرَهُ لِمَنْ تَابَ مِنْهُ إِلَيْهِ . <br /> ثُمَّ أَمَرَ تَعَالَى بِقِتَالِ الْكُفَّارِ : ( حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ ) أَيْ : شِرْكٌ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ . <br /> ( وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ ) أَيْ : يَكُونَ دِينُ اللَّهِ هُوَ الظَّاهِرُ [ الْعَالِي ] عَلَى سَائِرِ الْأَدْيَانِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ، قَالَ : سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقَاتِلُ شُجَاعَةً ، وَيُقَاتِلُ حَمِيَّةً ، وَيُقَاتِلُ رِيَاءً ، أَيُّ ذَلِكَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ : " مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا فَهُوَ [ ص: 526 ] فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا : لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا ، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ " وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ) يَقُولُ : فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا عَمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ ، وَقِتَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، فَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ ، فَإِنَّ مَنْ قَاتَلَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ ، وَلَا عُدْوَانَ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ ، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ مُجَاهِدٍ : لَا يُقَاتَلُ إِلَّا مَنْ قَاتَلَ . أَوْ يَكُونُ تَقْدِيرُهُ ; فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَقَدْ تَخَلَّصُوا مِنَ الظُّلْمِ ، وَهُوَ الشِّرْكُ . فَلَا عُدْوَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْعُدْوَانِ هَاهُنَا الْمُعَاقَبَةُ وَالْمُقَاتَلَةُ ، كَقَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ ) وَقَوْلِهِ : ( وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلَهَا ) [ الشُّورَى : 40 ] ، ( وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ ) [ النَّحْلِ : 126 ] . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ : الظَّالِمُ : الذِي أَبَى أَنْ يَقُولَ : لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : قَوْلُهُ : ( وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ [ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ ] ) الْآيَةَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : أَتَاهُ رَجُلَانِ فِي فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَا : إِنَّ النَّاسَ صَنَعُوا وَأَنْتَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَصَاحِبُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ ؟ قَالَ : يَمْنَعُنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دَمَ أَخِي . قَالَا : أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللَّهُ : ( وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ ) ؟ قَالَ : قَاتَلْنَا حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ وَكَانَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ ، وَأَنْتُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا حَتَّى تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ . زَادَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي فُلَانٌ وَحَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمُعَافِرِيِّ أَنَّ بُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ : أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ [ لَهُ ] : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا وَتَعْتَمِرَ عَامًا ، وَتَتْرُكَ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا رَغَّبَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ ؟ فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ أَخِي ، بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ : الْإِيمَانُ بِالْلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ ، وَصِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ ، وَأَدَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ ، وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ . قَالَ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ : ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا التِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ) [ الْحُجُرَاتِ : 9 ] ، ( وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ ) قَالَ : فَعَلْنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَلِيلًا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِي دِينِهِ : إِمَّا قَتَلُوهُ أَوْ عَذَّبُوهُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ ، قَالَ : فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ ؟ قَالَ : أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفَا عَنْهُ ، وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَكَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ تَعْفُوا عَنْهُ ، وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَخَتَنَهُ ، وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ : هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ . <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #073763;">121<br />( الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ( 194 ) ) </span></span>[ ص: 527 ] قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمِقْسَمٍ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ : لَمَّا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُعْتَمِرًا فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ ، وَحَبَسَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَنِ الدُّخُولِ وَالْوُصُولِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ ، وَصَدُّوهُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ ، وَهُوَ شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ ، حَتَّى قَاضَاهُمْ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ ، فَدَخَلَهَا فِي السَّنَةِ الْآتِيَةِ ، هُوَ وَمَنْ كَانَ [ مَعَهُ ] مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَأَقَصَّهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ ) <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَغْزُو فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُغْزَى وَيُغْزَوْا فَإِذَا حَضَرَهُ أَقَامَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ . <br /> هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ; وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ مُخَيِّمٌ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَكَانَ قَدْ بَعَثَهُ فِي رِسَالَةٍ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ بَايَعَ أَصْحَابَهُ ، وَكَانُوا أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ عَلَى قِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ كَفَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَجَنَحَ إِلَى الْمُسَالِمَةِ وَالْمُصَالِحٍةِ ، فَكَانَ مَا كَانَ . <br /> وَكَذَلِكَ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قِتَالِ هَوَازِنَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ وَتَحَصَّنَ فَلُّهُمْ بِالطَّائِفِ ، عَدَلَ إِلَيْهَا ، فَحَاصَرَهَا وَدَخَلَ ذُو الْقِعْدَةِ وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرُهَا بِالْمَنْجَنِيقِ ، وَاسْتَمَرَّ عَلَيْهَا إِلَى كَمَالِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ . فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ الْقَتْلُ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا وَلَمْ تُفْتَحْ ، ثُمَّ كَرَّ رَاجِعًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَاعْتَمَرَ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ ، حَيْثُ قَسَّمَ غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ . وَكَانَتْ عُمْرَتُهُ هَذِهِ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ أَيْضًا عَامَ ثَمَانٍ ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ :(فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ) أَمَرَ بِالْعَدْلِ حَتَّى فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ : كَمَا قَالَ : ( وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُمْ بِهِ ) [ النَّحْلِ : 126 ] . وَقَالَ : ( وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا ) [ الشُّورَى : 40 ] . <br /> وَرَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ : ( فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ ) نَزَلَتْ بِمَكَّةَ حَيْثُ لَا شَوْكَةَ وَلَا جِهَادَ ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِآيَةِ الْجِهَادِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ . وَقَدْ رَدَّ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، وَقَالَ : بَلْ [ هَذِهِ ] الْآيَةُ مَدَنِيَّةٌ بَعْدَ عُمْرَةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ ، وَعَزَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى مُجَاهِدٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ . <br /> وَقَدْ أُطْلِقَ هَاهُنَا الِاعْتِدَاءُ عَلَى الِاقْتِصَاصِ ، مِنْ بَابِ الْمُقَابَلَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمِّ كُلْثُومَ : <br />أَلَا لَا يَجْهَلَنْ أَحَدٌ عَلَيْنَا فَنَجَهَلْ فَوْقَ جَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِينَا <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ دُرَيْدٍ : [ ص: 528 ] لِيَ اسْتِوَاءٌ إِنْ مَوالِيَّ اسْتَوَا لِيَ الْتِوَاءٌ إِنْ مُعَادِيَّ الْتَوَا <br /> وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : <br />وَلِي فَرَسٌ لِلْحِلْمِ بِالْحِلْمِ مُلْجَمٌ وَلِي فَرَسٌ لِلْجَهْلِ بِالْجَهْلِ مُسْرَجُ <br />وَمَنْ رَامَ تَقْوِيمِي فَإِنِّي مُقَوَّمٌ وَمَنْ رَامَ تَعْوِيجِي فَإِنِّي مُعَوَّجُ <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ) أَمْرٌ لَهُمْ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَتَقْوَاهُ ، وَإِخْبَارٌ بِأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا بِالنَّصْرِ وَالتَّأْيِيدِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ . <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #20124d;">122</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #20124d;"><br />( وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ وَأَحْسِنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ( 195 ) ) </span></span><br /> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ : ( وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّفَقَةِ . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، بِهِ مِثْلُهُ . قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ قَالَ : حَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ بِالْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ عَلَى صَفِّ الْعَدُوِّ حَتَّى خَرَقَهُ ، وَمَعَنَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ، فَقَالَ نَاسٌ : أَلْقَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ : نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِينَا ، صَحِبْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَشَهِدْنَا مَعَهُ الْمُشَاهِدَ وَنَصَرْنَاهُ ، فَلَمَّا فَشَا الْإِسْلَامُ وَظَهَرَ ، اجْتَمَعْنَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ نَجِيًّا ، فَقُلْنَا : قَدْ أَكْرَمَنَا اللَّهُ بِصُحْبَةِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَنَصْرِهِ ، حَتَّى فَشَا الْإِسْلَامُ وَكَثُرَ أَهْلُهُ ، وَكُنَّا قَدْ آثَرْنَاهُ عَلَى الْأَهْلِينَ وَالْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ ، وَقَدْ وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ، فَنَرْجِعُ إِلَى أَهْلِينَا وَأَوْلَادِنَا فَنُقِيمُ فِيهِمَا . فَنَزَلَ فِينَا : ( وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) فَكَانَتِ التَّهْلُكَةُ [ فِي ] الْإِقَامَةِ فِي الْأَهْلِ وَالْمَالِ وَتَرْكِ الْجِهَادِ . <br /> رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، وَالْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى فِي مُسْنَدِهِ ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ، بِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ . وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ : عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . وَلَفْظُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ عَنْ أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ : كُنَّا بِالْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ مِصْرَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ ;[ ص: 529 ] <br /> وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ رَجُلٌ ، يُرِيدُ فَضَالَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ فَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ صَفٌّ عَظِيمٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ ، فَصَفَفْنَا لَهُمْ فَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ : ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا فَصَاحَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا : سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ، أَلْقَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ : يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّكُمْ لَتَتَأَوَّلُونَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ التَّأْوِيلِ ، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، وَإِنَّا لَمَّا أَعَزَّ اللَّهُ دِينَهُ ، وَكَثُرَ نَاصِرُوهُ قُلْنَا فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا : لَوْ أَقْبَلْنَا عَلَى أَمْوَالِنَا فَأَصْلَحْنَاهَا . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ : إِنْ حَمَلْتُ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَحْدِي فَقَتَلُونِي أَكُنْتُ أَلْقَيْتُ بِيَدِي إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ؟ قَالَ : لَا . قَالَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ:( فَقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفْسَكَ ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 84 ] ، إِنَّمَا هَذَا فِي النَّفَقَةِ . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . وَرَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ فَذَكَرَهُ . وَقَالَ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ : ( لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفْسَكَ ) وَلَكِنَّ التَّهْلُكَةَ أَنْ يُذْنِبَ الرَّجُلُ الذَّنْبَ ، فَيُلْقِي بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ وَلَا يَتُوبُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ : أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ أَخْبَرَهُ : أَنَّهُمْ حَاصَرُوا دِمَشْقَ ، فَانْطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ أَزْدِ شَنُوءَةَ ، فَأَسْرَعَ إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَحْدَهُ لِيَسْتَقْبِلَ ، فَعَابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَرَفَعُوا حَدِيثَهُ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عَمْرٌو فَرَدَّهُ ، وَقَالَ عَمْرٌو : قَالَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) <br /> وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْقِتَالِ ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي النَّفَقَةِ أَنْ تُمْسِكَ بِيَدِكَ عَنِ النَّفَقَةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ . وَلَا تُلْقِ بِيَدِكَ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ . <br /> وَقَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ أَبِي جُبَيْرَةَ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَتَصَدَّقُونَ وَيُنْفِقُونَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ، فَأَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ ، فَأَمْسَكُوا عَنِ النَّفَقَةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَنَزَلَتْ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) <br />وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) قَالَ : هُوَ الْبُخْلُ . <br /> وَقَالَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) أَنْ يُذْنِبَ الرَّجُلُ الذَّنْبَ ، فَيَقُولُ : لَا يُغْفَرُ لِي ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ وَأَحْسِنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ) رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ ، وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . يَعْنِي : نَحْوُ قَوْلِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ : إِنَّهَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يُذْنِبُ الذَّنْبَ فَيَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُغْفَرُ لَهُ ، فَيُلْقِي بِيَدِهِ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ، أَيْ : يَسْتَكْثِرُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيَهْلَكُ . وَلِهَذَا رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : [ ص: 530 ] التَّهْلُكَةُ : عَذَابُ اللَّهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ جَمِيعًا : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ ، عَنِ الْقُرَظِيِّ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) قَالَ : كَانَ الْقَوْمُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، فَيَتَزَوَّدُ الرَّجُلُ . فَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ زَادًا مِنَ الْآخَرِ ، أَنْفَقَ الْبَائِسُ مِنْ زَادِهِ ، حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْ زَادِهِ شَيْءٌ ، أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُوَاسِيَ صَاحِبَهُ ،فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ:(وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ) </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَيْضًا : أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ) وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رِجَالًا كَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ فِي بُعُوثٍ يَبْعَثُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، بِغَيْرِ نَفَقَةٍ ، فَإِمَّا يُقْطَعُ بِهِمْ ، وَإِمَّا كَانُوا عِيَالًا فَأَمَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ ، وَلَا يُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ ، وَالتَّهْلُكَةُ أَنْ يَهْلَكَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْجُوعِ أَوِ الْعَطَشِ أَوْ مِنَ الْمَشْيِ . وَقَالَ لِمَنْ بِيَدِهِ فَضْلٌ : ( وَأَحْسِنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ) <br /> وَمَضْمُونُ الْآيَةِ : الْأَمْرُ بِالْإِنْفَاقِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فِي سَائِرِ وُجُوهِ الْقُرُبَاتِ وَوُجُوهِ الطَّاعَاتِ ، وَخَاصَّةً صَرْفُ الْأَمْوَالِ فِي قِتَالِ الْأَعْدَاءِ ، وَبَذْلُهَا فِيمَا يَقْوَى بِهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ ، وَالْإِخْبَارُ عَنْ تَرْكِ فِعْلِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُ هَلَاكٌ وَدَمَارٌ إِنْ لَزِمَهُ وَاعْتَادَهُ . ثُمَّ عَطَفَ بِالْأَمْرِ بِالْإِحْسَانِ ، وَهُوَ أَعْلَى مَقَامَاتِ الطَّاعَةِ ، فَقَالَ : ( وَأَحْسِنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ) <br /><span style="background-color: lime;">123</span><span style="background-color: lime;"><br />( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( 196 ) )</span> <br /> لَمَّا ذَكَرَ تَعَالَى أَحْكَامَ الصِّيَامِ وَعَطَفَ بِذِكْرِ الْجِهَادِ ، شَرَعَ فِي بَيَانِ الْمَنَاسِكِ ، فَأَمَرَ بِإِتْمَامِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ ، وَظَاهِرُ السِّيَاقِ إِكْمَالُ أَفْعَالِهِمَا بَعْدَ الشُّرُوعِ فِيهِمَا ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ بَعْدَهُ : ( فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ ) أَيْ : صُدِدْتُمْ عَنِ الْوُصُولِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ وَمُنِعْتُمْ مِنْ إِتْمَامِهِمَا . وَلِهَذَا اتَّفَقَ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَلَى أَنَّ الشُّرُوعَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ مُلْزِمٌ ، سَوَاءٌ قِيلَ بِوُجُوبِ الْعُمْرَةِ أَوْ بِاسْتِحْبَابِهَا ، كَمَا هُمَا قَوْلَانِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ . وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُمَا [ص: 531]بِدَلَائِلِهِمَا فِي كِتَابِنَا " الْأَحْكَامُ " مُسْتَقْصًى وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /> وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ : أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) قَالَ : أَنْ تُحْرِمَ مِنْ دُوَيْرَةِ أَهْلِكَ . <br /> وَكَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَطَاوُسٌ . وَعَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : إِتْمَامُهُمَا أَنْ تُحْرِمَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ ، لَا تُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ ، وَتُهِلُّ مِنَ الْمِيقَاتِ لَيْسَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ لِتِجَارَةٍ وَلَا لِحَاجَةٍ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ مَكَّةَ قُلْتَ : لَوْ حَجَجْتُ أَوِ اعْتَمَرْتُ ، وَذَلِكَ يُجْزِئُ ، وَلَكِنَّ التَّمَامَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ لَهُ ، وَلَا تَخْرُجَ لِغَيْرِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ مَكْحُولٌ : إِتْمَامُهُمَا إِنْشَاؤُهُمَا جَمِيعًا مِنَ الْمِيقَاتِ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ : بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) [ قَالَ ] : مِنْ تَمَامِهِمَا أَنْ تُفْرِدَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ ، وَأَنْ تَعْتَمِرَ فِي غَيْرِ أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ ; إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ : (الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ ) . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ : إِنِ الْعُمْرَةَ فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحَجِّ لَيْسَتْ بِتَامَّةٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ : الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ ؟ قَالَ : كَانُوا يَرَوْنَهَا تَامَّةً . وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ دِعَامَةَ ، رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ . <br /> وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اعْتَمَرَ أَرْبَعَ عُمَرٍ كُلُّهَا فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ : عُمْرَةُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ ، وَعُمْرَةُ الْقَضَاءِ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ ، وَعُمْرَةُ الْجِعِرَّانَةِ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ ، وَعُمْرَتُهُ التِي مَعَ حَجَّتِهِ أَحْرَمَ بِهِمَا مَعًا فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ ، وَلَا اعْتَمَرَ قَطُّ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ ، وَلَكِنْ قَالَ لِأُمِّ هَانِئٍّ " عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً مَعِي " . وَمَا ذَاكَ إِلَّا لِأَنَّهَا [ كَانَتْ ] قَدْ عَزَمَتْ عَلَى الْحَجِّ مَعَهُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَاعْتَاقَتْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِسَبَبِ الطُّهْرِ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَبْسُوطٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ الْبُخَارِيِّ ، وَنَصَّ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مِنْ خَصَائِصِهَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) أَيْ : أَقِيمُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ . وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) يَقُولُ : مَنْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ أَوْ بِالْعُمْرَةِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَحُلَّ حَتَّى يُتِمَّهُمَا ، تَمَامُ الْحَجِّ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ ، إِذَا رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ ، وَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَبِالصَّفَا ، وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، فَقَدْ حَلَّ . <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : الْحَجُّ عَرَفَةُ ، وَالْعُمْرَةُ الطَّوَافُ . وَكَذَا رَوَى الْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) قَالَ : هِيَ [ فِي ] قِرَاءَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : [ ص: 532 ] " وَأَقِيمُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ " لَا تُجَاوِزْ بِالْعُمْرَةِ الْبَيْتَ . قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، فَقَالَ : كَذَلِكَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " وَأَقِيمُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ " وَكَذَا رَوَى الثَّوْرِيُّ أَيْضًا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ : " وَأَقِيمُوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ " . <br /> وَقَرَأَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : " وَأَتَمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ لِلَّهِ " بِرَفْعِ الْعُمْرَةِ ، وَقَالَ : لَيْسَتْ بِوَاجِبَةٍ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَتْ أَحَادِيثُ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ وَجَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَمَعَ فِي إِحْرَامِهِ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ ، وَثَبَتَ عَنْهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ : " مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيُهِلَّ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ " . <br /> وَقَالَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَيْضًا : " دَخَلَتِ الْعُمْرَةُ فِي الْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ " . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ حَدِيثًا غَرِيبًا فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَرَوِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا غَسَّانُ الْهَرَوِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَضَمِّخٌ بِالزَّعْفَرَانِ ، عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ ، فَقَالَ : كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي عُمْرَتِي ؟ قَالَ : فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ ؟ " فَقَالَ : هَا أَنَا ذَا . فَقَالَ لَهُ : " أَلْقِ عَنْكَ ثِيَابَكَ ، ثُمَّ اغْتَسِلْ ، وَاسْتَنْشِقْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ ، ثُمَّ مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ فَاصْنَعْهُ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ وَسِيَاقٌ عَجِيبٌ ، <span style="color: purple;">وَالذِي وَرَدَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ </span>، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الذِي سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ بِالْجِعِرَّانَةِ فَقَالَ : كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ وَخَلُوقٌ ؟ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ الْوَحْيُ ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ : " أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ ؟ " فَقَالَ : هَا أَنَا ذَا ، فَقَالَ : " أَمَّا الْجُبَّةُ فَانْزَعْهَا ، وَأَمَّا الطِّيبُ الذِي بِكَ فَاغْسِلْهُ ، ثُمَّ مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعًا فِي حَجِّكَ فَاصْنَعْهُ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ " . وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْغُسْلَ وَالِاسْتِنْشَاقَ وَلَا ذَكَرَ نُزُولَ الْآيَةِ ، وَهُوَ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ، لَا [ عَنْ ] صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ ، أَيْ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، حِينَ حَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ الْوُصُولِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ سُورَةَ الْفَتْحِ بِكَمَالِهَا ، وَأَنْزَلَ لَهُمْ رُخْصَةً : أَنْ يَذْبَحُوا مَا مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ وَكَانَ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً ، وَأَنْ يَتَحَلَّلُوا مِنْ [ ص: 533 ] إِحْرَامِهِمْ ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمَرَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِأَنْ يَحْلِقُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ وَيَتَحَلَّلُوا . فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا انْتِظَارًا لِلنَّسْخِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ فَحَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ ، فَفَعَلَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَصَّرَ رَأْسَهُ وَلَمْ يَحْلِقْهُ ، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الْمُحَلِّقِينَ " . قَالُوا : وَالْمُقَصِّرِينَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ : " وَالْمُقَصِّرِينَ " . وَقَدْ كَانُوا اشْتَرَكُوا فِي هَدْيِهِمْ ذَلِكَ ، كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ فِي بَدَنَةٍ ، وَكَانُوا أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ ، وَكَانَ مَنْزِلُهُمْ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ خَارِجَ الْحَرَمِ ، وَقِيلَ : بَلْ كَانُوا عَلَى طَرَفِ الْحَرَمِ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَلِهَذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ هَلْ يُخْتَصُّ الْحَصْرُ بِالْعَدُوِّ ، فَلَا يَتَحَلَّلُ إِلَّا مَنْ حَصَرَهُ عَدُوٌّ ، لَا مَرَضٌ وَلَا غَيْرُهُ ؟ <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ :</span></span> <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">1.</span></span> فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ [ وَمُجَاهِدٍ ] عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَا حَصْرَ إِلَّا حَصْرُ الْعَدُوِّ ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَصَابَهُ مَرَضٌ أَوْ وَجَعٌ أَوْ ضَلَالٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ ) فَلَيْسَ الْأَمْنُ حَصْرًا . <br /> قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">2.</span></span> وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي </span>: أَنَّ الْحَصْرَ أَعَمُّ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِعَدُوٍّ أَوْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ ضَلَالٍ وَهُوَ التَّوَهَانُ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ الصَّوَّافِ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " مَنْ كُسِرَ أَوْ عَرِجَ فَقَدْ حَلَّ ، وَعَلَيْهِ حَجَّةٌ أُخْرَى " . <br /> قَالَ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَالَا : صَدَقَ . <br /> وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَصْحَابُ الْكُتُبِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، بِهِ . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ : مَنْ عَرَجَ أَوْ كُسِرَ أَوْ مَرِضَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ . وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَرَفَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الصَّوَّافِ ، بِهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : الْإِحْصَارُ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ ، أَوْ مَرَضٍ ، أَوْ كَسْرٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ : الْإِحْصَارُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ آذَاهُ . وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ عَلَى ضُبَاعَةَ بِنْتِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ وَأَنَا شَاكِيَةٌ . فَقَالَ : " حُجِّي وَاشْتَرِطِي : أَنَّ مَحِلِّي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي " . وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِمِثْلِهِ . فَذَهَبَ مِنْ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِلَى صِحَّةِ الِاشْتِرَاطِ فِي الْحَجِّ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . وَقَدْ عَلَّقَ الْإِمَامُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ [ ص: 534 ] الشَّافِعِيُّ الْقَوْلَ بِصِحَّةِ هَذَا الْمَذْهَبِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ . قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ : فَقَدْ صَحَّ ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) قَالَ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : ( فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) شَاةٌ . وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : الْهَدْيُ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ الثَّمَانِيَةِ : مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْمَعْزِ وَالضَّأْنِ . <br /> وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) قَالَ : شَاةٌ . وَكَذَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ، وَالشَّعْبِيُّ ، وَالنَّخَعِيُّ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يَرَيَانِ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ إِلَّا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ . <br /> قَالَ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، وَالْقَاسِمِ ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ مُسْتَنَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِيمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ قَضِيَّةُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُنْقَلْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ ذَبَحَ فِي تَحَلِلَّهِ ذَاكَ شَاةً ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَبَحُوا الْإِبِلَ وَالْبَقَرَ ، فَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَشْتَرِكَ فِي الْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ كُلُّ سَبْعَةٍ مِنَّا فِي بَقَرَةٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) قَالَ : بِقَدْرِ يَسَارَتِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَمِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، وَإِلَّا فَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ ، وَإِلَّا فَمِنَ الْغَنَمِ . وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ :(فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ)قَالَ:إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الرِّخَصِ وَالْغَلَاءِ </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ قَوْلِ الْجُمْهُورِ فِيمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ إِجْزَاءِ ذَبْحِ الشَّاةِ فِي الْإِحْصَارِ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْجَبَ ذَبْحَ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ، أَيْ : مَهْمَا تَيَسَّرَ مِمَّا يُسَمَّى هَدْيًا ، وَالْهَدْيُ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ ، وَهِيَ الْإِبِلُ وَالْبَقَرُ وَالْغَنَمُ ، كَمَا قَالَهُ الْحَبْرُ الْبَحْرُ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقُرْآنِ وَابْنُ عَمِّ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : أَهْدَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّةً غَنَمًا . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : (وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ) مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) وَلَيْسَ مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) كَمَا زَعَمَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ; لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ لَمَّا حَصَرَهُمْ كُفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ عَنِ الدُّخُولِ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ ، حَلَقُوا وَذَبَحُوا هَدْيَهُمْ خَارِجَ الْحَرَمِ ، فَأَمَّا فِي حَالِ الْأَمْنِ وَالْوُصُولِ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ الْحَلْقُ(حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ )[ص: 535] <br /> وَيَفْرَغُ النَّاسِكُ مِنْ أَفْعَالِ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ ، إِنْ كَانَ قَارِنًا ، أَوْ مِنْ فِعْلِ أَحَدِهِمَا إِنْ كَانَ مُفْرِدًا أَوْ مُتَمَتِّعًا ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ حَلُّوا مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ ، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ أَنْتَ مِنْ عُمْرَتِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : " إِنِّي لَبَّدْتُ رَأْسِي وَقَلَّدْتُ هَدْيِي ، فَلَا أَحِلُّ حَتَّى أَنْحَرَ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَعْقِلٍ ، قَالَ : فَعُدْتُ إِلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ يَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ الْكُوفَةِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ ) فَقَالَ : حُمِلْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَى وَجْهِي . فَقَالَ : " مَا كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّ الْجَهْدَ بَلَغَ بِكَ هَذَا ! أَمَا تَجِدُ شَاةً ؟ " قُلْتُ : لَا . قَالَ : " صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ ، وَاحْلِقْ رَأْسَكَ " . فَنَزَلَتْ فِيَّ خَاصَّةً ، وَهِيَ لَكُمْ عَامَّةً . <br /> <span style="color: #990000;">وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ قَالَ : أَتَى عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا أُوقِدُ تَحْتَ قِدْرٍ ، وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَى وَجْهِي أَوْ قَالَ : حَاجِبِي فَقَالَ : " يُؤْذِيكَ هَوَامُّ رَأْسِكَ ؟ " . قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : " فَاحْلِقْهُ ، وَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ ، أَوِ انْسَكْ نَسِيكَةً " . قَالَ أَيُّوبُ : لَا أَدْرِي بِأَيَّتِهِنَّ بَدَأَ . </span><br /> وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ قَالَ : كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، وَنَحْنُ مُحْرِمُونَ وَقَدْ حَصَرَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَكَانَتْ لِي وَفْرَةٌ ، فَجَعَلَتِ الْهَوَامُّ تَسَاقَطُ عَلَى وَجْهِي ، فَمَرَّ بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " أَيُؤْذِيكَ هَوَامُّ رَأْسِكَ ؟ " فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ . قَالَ : وَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) . <br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَفَّانُ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ ، وَهُوَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ إِيَاسٍ ، بِهِ . وَعَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، بِهِ . وَعَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ : أَنَّهُ [ ص: 536 ] سَمِعَ كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ يَقُولُ : فَذَبَحْتُ شَاةً . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، سَنْدَلٌ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " النُّسُكُ شَاةٌ ، وَالصِّيَامُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامِ ، وَالطَّعَامُ فَرَقٌ بَيْنَ سِتَّةٍ " . <br /> وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ [ النَّخَعِيِّ ] وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ : أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْجَزَرِيِّ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَآذَاهُ الْقَمْلُ فِي رَأْسِهِ ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ رَأْسَهُ ، وَقَالَ : " صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ ، مُدَّيْنِ مُدَّيْنِ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ ، أَوِ انْسُكْ شَاةً ، أَيَّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلْتَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْكَ " . <br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَى لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) قَالَ : إِذَا كَانَ " أَوْ " فَأَيُّهَ أَخَذْتَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْكَ . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَحُمَيْدِ الْأَعْرَجِ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ وَعَامَّةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَنَّهُ يُخَيَّرُ فِي هَذَا الْمَقَامِ ، إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَصَدَّقُ بِفَرَقٍ ، وَهُوَ ثَلَاثَةٌ آصُعٍ ، لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ ، وَهُوَ مُدَّانِ ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ ذَبَحَ شَاةً وَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عَلَى الْفُقَرَاءِ ، أَيَّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ أَجْزَأَهُ . وَلَمَّا كَانَ لَفْظُ الْقُرْآنِ فِي بَيَانِ الرُّخْصَةِ جَاءَ بِالْأَسْهَلِ فَالْأَسْهَلِ : ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) وَلَمَّا أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَعْبَ بْنَ عُجْرَةَ بِذَلِكَ ، أَرْشَدَهُ إِلَى الْأَفْضَلِ ، فَالْأَفْضَلِ فَقَالَ : انْسُكْ شَاةً ، أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ . فَكُلٌّ حَسَنٌ فِي مَقَامِهِ . وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثْنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثْنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ : ذَكَرَ الْأَعْمَشُ قَالَ : سَأَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) فَأَجَابَهُ يَقُولُ : يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ اشْتَرَى شَاةً ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُوِّمَتِ الشَّاةُ دَرَاهِمَ ، وَجُعِلَ مَكَانَهَا طَعَامٌ فَتَصَدَّقَ ، وَإِلَّا صَامَ بِكُلِّ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ يَوْمًا ، قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ : كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْتُ عَلْقَمَةَ يَذْكُرُ . قَالَ : لَمَّا قَالَ لِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : مَنْ هَذَا ؟ مَا أَظْرَفَهُ ! قَالَ : قُلْتُ : هَذَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ . فَقَالَ : مَا أَظْرَفَهُ ! كَانَ يُجَالِسُنَا . قَالَ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ ، قَالَ : فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ : " يُجَالِسُنَا " انْتَفَضَ مِنْهَا.[ ص: 537 ] <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) قَالَ : إِذَا كَانَ بِالْمُحْرِمِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ ، حَلَقَ وَافْتَدَى بِأَيِّ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةِ شَاءَ ، وَالصِّيَامُ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ ، وَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ ، كُلُّ مِسْكِينٍ مَكُّوكَيْنِ : مَكُّوكًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، وَمَكُّوكًا مِنْ بُرٍّ ، وَالنُّسُكُ شَاةٌ . <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَعِكْرِمَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ) قَالَ : إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ . <br /> وَهَذَانَ الْقَوْلَانِ مِنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعَلْقَمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ قَوْلَانِ غَرِيبَانِ فِيهِمَا نَظَرٌ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ ثَبَتَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ، [ لَا عَشْرَةَ وَ ] لَا سِتَّةَ ، أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ نُسُكُ شَاةٍ ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى التَّخْيِيرِ كَمَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ سِيَاقُ الْقُرْآنِ . وَأَمَّا هَذَا التَّرْتِيبُ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَعْرُوفٌ فِي قَتْلِ الصَّيْدِ ، كَمَا هُوَ نَصُّ الْقُرْآنِ . وَعَلَيْهِ أَجْمَعَ الْفُقَهَاءُ هُنَاكَ ، بِخِلَافِ هَذَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ : أَخْبَرَنَا لَيْثٌ ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : مَا كَانَ مِنْ دَمٍ أَوْ طَعَامٍ فَبِمَكَّةَ ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ صِيَامٍ فَحَيْثُ شَاءَ . وَكَذَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ : أَخْبَرَنَا حَجَّاجٌ وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ : أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : مَا كَانَ مِنْ دَمٍ فَبِمَكَّةَ ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَصِيَامٍ فَحَيْثُ شَاءَ . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ : أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَسْمَاءَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ، قَالَ : حَجَّ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَمَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ، فَارْتَحَلَ عُثْمَانُ . قَالَ أَبُو أَسْمَاءَ : وَكُنْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ، فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بَرْجَلٍ نَائِمٍ وَنَاقَتُهُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ ، قَالَ : فَقُلْتُ : أَيُّهَا النَّؤُومُ . فَاسْتَيْقَظَ ، فَإِذَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ . قَالَ : فَحَمَلَهُ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا بِهِ السُّقْيَا . قَالَ : فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَمَعَهُ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ . قَالَ : فَمَرَّضْنَاهُ نَحْوًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً . قَالَ : قَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِلْحُسَيْنِ : مَا الذِي تَجِدُ ؟ قَالَ : فَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ . قَالَ : فَأَمَرَ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ فَحُلِقَ رَأْسُهُ ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِبَدَنَةٍ فَنَحَرَهَا . فَإِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ النَّاقَةُ عَنِ الْحَلْقِ فَفِيهِ أَنَّهُ نَحَرَهَا دُونَ مَكَّةَ . وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَنِ التَّحَلُّلِ فَوَاضِحٌ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) أَيْ : إِذَا تَمَكَّنْتُمْ مِنْ أَدَاءِ الْمَنَاسِكِ ، فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مُتَمَتِّعًا بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ ، وَهُوَ يَشْمَلُ مَنْ أَحْرَمَ بِهِمَا ، أَوْ أَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ أَوَّلًا فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْهَا أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ وَهَذَا هُوَ التَّمَتُّعُ الْخَاصُّ ، وَهُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ فِي كَلَامِ الْفُقَهَاءِ . وَالتَّمَتُّعُ الْعَامُّ يَشْمَلُ الْقِسْمَيْنِ ، كَمَا دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ الصِّحَاحُ ، فَإِنَّ مِنَ الرُواةِ مَنْ يَقُولُ : تَمَتَّعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَآخَرُ يَقُولُ : قَرَنَ . وَلَا خِلَافَ أَنَّهُ سَاقَ الْهَدْيَ . <br /> وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ) أَيْ : فَلْيَذْبَحْ مَا قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ، وَأَقَلُّهُ شَاةٌ ، وَلَهُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ الْبَقَرَ ; لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَبَحَ عَنْ نِسَائِهِ الْبَقَرَ . وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ،[ص: 538 ] عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَبَحَ بَقَرَةً عَنْ نِسَائِهِ ، وَكُنْ مُتَمَتِّعَاتٍ . رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . <br /> وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى شَرْعِيَّةِ التَّمَتُّعِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنِ قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمُتْعَةِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، وَفَعَلْنَاهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ قُرْآنٌ يُحَرِّمُهُ ، وَلَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهَا ، حَتَّى مَاتَ . قَالَ رَجُلٌ بِرَأْيِهِ مَا شَاءَ . قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : يُقَالُ : إِنَّهُ عُمَرُ . وَهَذَا الذِي قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَدْ جَاءَ مُصَرَّحًا بِهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، كَانَ يَنْهَى النَّاسَ عَنِ التَّمَتُّعِ ، وَيَقُولُ : إِنْ نَأْخُذْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالتَّمَامِ . يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ : ( وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ) وَفِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، يَنْهَى عَنْهَا مُحَرِّمًا لَهَا ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْهَا لِيَكْثُرَ قَصْدُ النَّاسِ لِلْبَيْتِ حَاجِّينَ وَمُعْتَمِرِينَ ، كَمَا قَدْ صَرَّحَ بِهِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ ، أَيْ : فِي أَيَّامِ الْمَنَاسِكِ . قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ : وَالْأَوْلَى أَنْ يَصُومَهَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فِي الْعَشْرِ ، قَالَهُ عَطَاءٌ . أَوْ مِنْ حِينِ يَحْرِمُ ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ ، لِقَوْلِهِ : ( فِي الْحَجِّ ) وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُجَوِّزُ صِيَامَهَا مَنْ أَوَّلِ شَوَّالَ ، قَالَهُ طَاوُسٌ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ . وَجَوَّزَ الشَّعْبِيُّ صِيَامَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَقَبْلَهُ يَوْمَيْنِ ، وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَالْحَكَمُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَحَمَّادٌ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ . وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ ، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ الثَّالِثُ فَقَدْ تَمَّ صَوْمُهُ وَسَبْعَةٌ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ . وَكَذَا رَوَى أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ وَبَرَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : يَصُومُ يَوْمًا قَبْلَ التَّرْوِيَةِ ، وَيَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ ، وَيَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ . وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَيْضًا . <br /> فَلَوْ لَمْ يَصُمْهَا أَوْ بَعْضَهَا قَبْلَ [ يَوْمِ ] الْعِيدِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَصُومَهَا فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ؟ فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ ، وَهُمَا لِلْإِمَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَيْضًا ، الْقَدِيمُ مِنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ يَجُوزُ لَهُ صِيَامُهَا لِقَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ : لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ أَنْ يُصَمْنَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ لَا يَجِدُ الْهَدْيَ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ . وَعَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ [ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا ذَلِكَ لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِهِ : ( فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ ) ] . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْهُمَا . وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ فَاتَهُ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ صَامَهُنَّ أَيَّامَ [ ص: 539 ] التَّشْرِيقِ . وَبِهَذَا يَقُولُ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ; وَإِنَّمَا قَالُوا ذَلِكَ لِعُمُومِ قَوْلِهِ : ( فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ ) وَالْجَدِيدُ مِنَ الْقَوْلِيْنِ : أَنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ صِيَامُهَا أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ نُبَيْشَةَ الْهُذَلِيِّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ) فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ : <br /> أَحَدُهُمَا : إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : هِيَ رُخْصَةٌ إِذَا شَاءَ صَامَهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ . <br /> وَالْقَوْلُ الثَّانِي : إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَى أَوْطَانِكُمْ ; قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ : ( فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ) قَالَ : إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ ، وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ . وَحَكَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ الْإِجْمَاعَ . <br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ : تَمَتَّعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ وَأَهْدَى فَسَاقَ مَعَهُ الْهَدْيَ مِنْ ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ ، وَبَدَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَهَلَّ بِالْعُمْرَةِ ، ثُمَّ أَهَلَّ بِالْحَجِّ ، فَتَمَتَّعَ النَّاسُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ . فَكَانَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ أَهْدَى فَسَاقَ الْهَدْيَ ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يُهْدِ . فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ : " مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ أَهْدَى فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِشَيْءٍ حَرُمَ مِنْهُ حَتَى يَقْضِيَ حَجَّهُ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أَهْدَى فَلْيَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، وَلْيُقَصِّرْ وَلْيَحْلِلْ ثُمَّ لِيُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا فَلْيَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةً إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ " . وَذَكَرَ تَمَامَ الْحَدِيثِ . <br /> قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : وَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِمِثْلِ مَا أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، بِهِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ) قِيلَ : تَأْكِيدٌ ، كَمَا تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ : رَأَيْتُ بِعَيْنِي ، وَسَمِعْتُ بِأُذُنِي وَكَتَبْتُ بِيَدِي . وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 38 ] وَقَالَ : ( وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ ) [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ : 48 ] ، وَقَالَ : (وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً)<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">[الْأَعْرَافِ : 142 ] . </span></span><br /> وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَى ( كَامِلَةٌ ) الْأَمْرُ بِإِكْمَالِهَا وَإِتْمَامِهَا ، اخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَى ( كَامِلَةٌ ) أَيْ : مُجْزِئَةٌ عَنِ الْهَدْيِ . قَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ) قَالَ : مِنَ الْهَدْيِ.[ ص: 540 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ التَّأْوِيلِ فِيمَنْ عُنِيَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) بَعْدَ إِجْمَاعِ جَمِيعِهِمْ عَلَى أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْحَرَمِ مَعْنِيُّونَ بِهِ ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا مُتْعَةَ لَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : عُنِيَ بِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الْحَرَمِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ . <br /> حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ هُوَ الثَّوْرِيُّ قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ : هُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَرَمِ . وَكَذَا رَوَى ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، وَزَادَ : الْجَمَاعَةُ عَلَيْهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ : يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ ، لَا مُتْعَةَ لَكُمْ ، أُحِلَّتْ لِأَهْلِ الْآفَاقِ وَحُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ ، إِنَّمَا يَقْطَعُ أَحَدُكُمْ وَادِيًا أَوْ قَالَ : يَجْعَلُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْحَرَمِ وَادِيًا ثُمَّ يُهِلُّ بِعُمْرَةٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : الْمُتْعَةُ لِلنَّاسِ لَا لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ . وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) قَالَ : وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ طَاوُسٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : هُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَرَمِ وَمَنْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمَوَاقِيتِ ، كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، قَالَ : مَنْ كَانَ أَهْلُهُ دُونَ الْمَوَاقِيتِ ، فَهُوَ كَأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ ، لَا يَتَمَتَّعُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) قَالَ : مَنْ كَانَ دُونَ الْمِيقَاتِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ : ( ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ) قَالَ : عَرَفَةُ ، وَمَرٌّ ، وَعُرَنَةُ ، وَضَجْنَانُ ، وَالرَّجِيعُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ يَقُولُ : مَنْ كَانَ أَهْلُهُ عَلَى يَوْمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِهِ تَمَتَّعَ . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ : الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ . وَاخْتَارَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ مَذْهَبَ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَرَمِ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُ عَلَى مَسَافَةٍ لَا تُقْصَرُ مِنْهَا الصَّلَاةُ ; لِأَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ يُعَدُّ حَاضِرًا لَا مُسَافِرًا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ) أَيْ : فِيمَا أَمَرَكُمْ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ ( وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَشَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ) أَيْ : لِمَنْ خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ ، وَارْتَكَبَ مَا عَنْهُ زَجَرَهُ</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></b></div>
<br /><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZP04LqhwEnlwPw8Ciz-7bzpsW39n7SwrLIQ_dvW2mvchF7H7F1VExMdBXwnJOt4lY8E93i_Br-WKAxfEWYmrjroP8JGD_PKvZKkAkVLXubrC46mqGFHi6CASWa3VG9CsMMZyntAH8Ozg/s1600/%25D8%25A4++%25D8%25A8.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZP04LqhwEnlwPw8Ciz-7bzpsW39n7SwrLIQ_dvW2mvchF7H7F1VExMdBXwnJOt4lY8E93i_Br-WKAxfEWYmrjroP8JGD_PKvZKkAkVLXubrC46mqGFHi6CASWa3VG9CsMMZyntAH8Ozg/s640/%25D8%25A4++%25D8%25A8.png" /></a></span><br /><span style="background-color: #274e13;"></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">124</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">(الحج أشهر معلومات فمن فرض فيهن الحج فلا رفث ولا فسوق ولا جدال في الحج وما تفعلوا من خير يعلمه الله وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى واتقون ياأولي الألباب ( 197 ) ) </span></span></span><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><span></span></span></span><br /> اختلف أهل العربية في قوله : ( الحج أشهر معلومات ) فقال بعضهم : [ تقديره ] الحج حج أشهر معلومات ، فعلى هذا التقدير يكون الإحرام بالحج فيها أكمل من الإحرام به فيما عداها ، وإن كان ذاك صحيحا ، والقول بصحة الإحرام بالحج في جميع السنة مذهب مالك ، وأبي حنيفة ، وأحمد [ ص: 541 ] بن حنبل ، وإسحاق ابن راهويه ، وبه يقول إبراهيم النخعي ، والثوري ، والليث بن سعد . واحتج لهم بقوله تعالى : ( يسألونك عن الأهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس والحج ) [ البقرة : 189 ] وبأنه أحد النسكين . فصح الإحرام به في جميع السنة كالعمرة . <br /> وذهب الشافعي ، رحمه الله ، إلى أنه لا يصح الإحرام بالحج إلا في أشهره فلو أحرم به قبلها لم ينعقد إحرامه به ، وهل ينعقد عمرة ؟ فيه قولان عنه . والقول بأنه لا يصح الإحرام بالحج إلا في أشهره مروي عن ابن عباس ، وجابر ، وبه يقول عطاء ، وطاوس ، ومجاهد ، رحمهم الله ، والدليل عليه قوله تعالى : ( الحج أشهر معلومات ) وظاهره التقدير الآخر الذي ذهب إليه النحاة ، وهو أن : وقت الحج أشهر معلومات ، فخصصه بها من بين سائر شهور السنة ، فدل على أنه لا يصح قبلها ، كميقات الصلاة . <br /> قال الشافعي ، رحمه الله : أخبرنا مسلم بن خالد ، عن ابن جريج ، أخبرني عمر بن عطاء ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، أنه قال : لا ينبغي لأحد أن يحرم بالحج إلا في شهور الحج ، من أجل قول الله : ( الحج أشهر معلومات ) وكذا رواه ابن أبي حاتم ، عن أحمد بن يحيى بن مالك السوسي ، عن حجاج بن محمد الأعور ، عن ابن جريج ، به . ورواه ابن مردويه في تفسيره من طريقين ، عن حجاج بن أرطاة ، عن الحكم بن عتيبة عن مقسم ، عن ابن عباس : أنه قال : من السنة ألا يحرم [ بالحج ] إلا في أشهر الحج . <br /> وقال ابن خزيمة في صحيحه : حدثنا أبو كريب ، حدثنا أبو خالد الأحمر ، عن شعبة ، عن الحكم ، عن مقسم ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : لا يحرم بالحج إلا في أشهر الحج ، فإن من سنة الحج أن يحرم بالحج في أشهر الحج . وهذا إسناد صحيح ، وقول الصحابي : " من السنة كذا " في حكم المرفوع عند الأكثرين ، ولا سيما قول ابن عباس تفسيرا للقرآن ، وهو ترجمانه . <br /> وقد ورد فيه حديث مرفوع ، قال ابن مردويه : حدثنا عبد الباقي بن قانع حدثنا الحسن بن المثنى ، حدثنا أبو حذيفة ، حدثنا سفيان ، عن أبي الزبير ، عن جابر ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " لا ينبغي لأحد أن يحرم بالحج إلا في أشهر الحج " . <br /> وإسناده لا بأس به . لكن رواه الشافعي ، والبيهقي من طرق ، عن ابن جريج ، عن أبي الزبير ، أنه سمع جابر بن عبد الله يسأل : أيهل بالحج قبل أشهر الحج ؟ فقال : لا . <br /> وهذا الموقوف أصح وأثبت من المرفوع ، ويبقى حينئذ مذهب صحابي ، يتقوى بقول ابن عباس : " من السنة أن لا يحرم بالحج إلا في أشهره " . والله أعلم . <br /> وقوله : ( أشهر معلومات ) قال البخاري : قال ابن عمر : هي شوال ، وذو القعدة ، وعشر من ذي الحجة . وهذا الذي علقه البخاري عنه بصيغة الجزم رواه ابن جرير موصولا حدثنا أحمد بن [ ص: 542 ] حازم بن أبي غرزة حدثنا أبو نعيم ، حدثنا ورقاء ، عن عبد الله بن دينار ، عن ابن عمر : ( الحج أشهر معلومات ) قال : شوال ، وذو القعدة وعشر من ذي الحجة . <br /> إسناد صحيح ، وقد رواه الحاكم أيضا في مستدركه ، عن الأصم ، عن الحسن بن علي بن عفان ، عن عبد الله بن نمير ، عن عبيد الله عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر فذكره وقال : على شرط الشيخين . <br /> قلت : وهو مروي عن عمر ، وعلي ، وابن مسعود ، وعبد الله بن الزبير ، وابن عباس ، وعطاء ، وطاوس ، ومجاهد ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، والشعبي ، والحسن ، وابن سيرين ، ومكحول ، وقتادة ، والضحاك بن مزاحم ، والربيع بن أنس ، ومقاتل بن حيان . وهو مذهب الشافعي ، وأبي حنيفة ، وأحمد بن حنبل ، وأبي يوسف ، وأبي ثور ، رحمهم الله . واختار هذا القول ابن جرير ، قال : وصح إطلاق الجمع على شهرين وبعض الثالث للتغليب ، كما تقول العرب : " زرته العام ، ورأيته اليوم " . وإنما وقع ذلك في بعض العام واليوم ; قال الله تعالى : ( فمن تعجل في يومين فلا إثم عليه ) [ البقرة : 203 ] وإنما تعجل في يوم ونصف . <br /> وقال الإمام مالك بن أنس [ والشافعي في القديم ] : هي : شوال وذو القعدة وذو الحجة بكماله . وهو رواية عن ابن عمر أيضا ; قال ابن جرير : <br /> حدثنا أحمد بن إسحاق ، حدثنا أبو أحمد ، حدثنا شريك ، عن إبراهيم بن مهاجر ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عمر قال : شوال وذو القعدة وذو الحجة . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره : حدثنا يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، حدثنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني ابن جريج ، قال : قلت لنافع : أسمعت عبد الله بن عمر يسمي شهور الحج ؟ قال : نعم ، كان عبد الله يسمي : " شوال وذو القعدة وذو الحجة " . قال ابن جريج : وقال ذلك ابن شهاب ، وعطاء ، وجابر بن عبد الله صاحب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وهذا إسناد صحيح إلى ابن جريج . وقد حكي هذا أيضا عن طاوس ، ومجاهد ، وعروة بن الزبير ، والربيع بن أنس ، وقتادة . وجاء فيه حديث مرفوع ، ولكنه موضوع ، رواه الحافظ ابن مردويه ، من طريق حصين بن مخارق وهو متهم بالوضع عن يونس بن عبيد ، عن شهر بن حوشب ، عن أبي أمامة ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " الحج أشهر معلومات:شوال وذو القعدة وذو الحجة " <br /> وهذا كما رأيت لا يصح رفعه ، والله أعلم . <br /> وفائدة مذهب مالك أنه إلى آخر ذي الحجة ، بمعنى أنه مختص بالحج ، فيكره الاعتمار في بقية [ ص: 543 ] ذي الحجة ، لا أنه يصح الحج بعد ليلة النحر . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أحمد بن سنان ، حدثنا أبو معاوية ، عن الأعمش ، عن قيس بن مسلم ، عن طارق بن شهاب ، قال : قال عبد الله : الحج أشهر معلومات ، ليس فيها عمرة . وهذا إسناد صحيح . <br /> قال ابن جرير : إنما أراد من ذهب إلى أن أشهر الحج شوال وذو القعدة وذو الحجة أن هذه الأشهر ليست أشهر العمرة ، إنما هي للحج ، وإن كان عمل الحج قد انقضى بانقضاء أيام منى ، كما قال محمد بن سيرين : ما أحد من أهل العلم يشك في أن عمرة في غير أشهر الحج أفضل من عمرة في أشهر الحج . <br /> وقال ابن عون : سألت القاسم بن محمد ، عن العمرة في أشهر الحج ، فقال : كانوا لا يرونها تامة . <br /> قلت : وقد ثبت عن عمر وعثمان ، رضي الله عنهما ، أنهما كانا يحبان الاعتمار في غير أشهر الحج ، وينهيان عن ذلك في أشهر الحج ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقوله : ( فمن فرض فيهن الحج ) أي : أوجب بإحرامه حجا . فيه دلالة على لزوم الإحرام بالحج والمضي فيه . قال ابن جرير : أجمعوا على أن المراد من الفرض هاهنا الإيجاب والإلزام . <br /> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( فمن فرض فيهن الحج ) يقول : من أحرم بحج أو عمرة . وقال عطاء : الفرض الإحرام . وكذا قال إبراهيم ، والضحاك ، وغيرهم . <br /> وقال ابن جريج : أخبرني عمر بن عطاء ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : أنه قال ( فمن فرض فيهن الحج ) فلا ينبغي أن يلبي بالحج ثم يقيم بأرض . قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن ابن مسعود ، وابن عباس ، وابن الزبير ، ومجاهد ، وعطاء ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، وعكرمة ، والضحاك ، وقتادة ، وسفيان الثوري ، والزهري ، ومقاتل بن حيان نحو ذلك . <br /> وقال طاوس ، والقاسم بن محمد : هو التلبية . <br /> وقوله : ( فلا رفث ) أي : من أحرم بالحج أو العمرة ، فليجتنب الرفث ، وهو الجماع ، كما قال تعالى : ( أحل لكم ليلة الصيام الرفث إلى نسائكم ) [ البقرة : 187 ] ، وكذلك يحرم تعاطي دواعيه من المباشرة والتقبيل ونحو ذلك ، وكذا التكلم به بحضرة النساء . <br /> قال ابن جرير : حدثني يونس ، أخبرنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني يونس : أن نافعا أخبره : أن عبد الله بن عمر كان يقول : الرفث إتيان النساء ، والتكلم بذلك : الرجال والنساء إذا ذكروا ذلك بأفواههم </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> قال ابن وهب : وأخبرني أبو صخر ، عن محمد بن كعب ، مثله . <br /> قال ابن جرير : وحدثنا محمد بن بشار ، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر ، حدثنا شعبة ، عن قتادة ، عن رجل ، عن أبي العالية الرياحي ، عن ابن عباس : أنه كان يحدو وهو محرم وهو يقول : <br />وهن يمشين بنا هميسا إن يصدق الطير ننل لميسا <br /> قال أبو العالية فقلت : تكلم بالرفث وأنت محرم ؟ ! قال : إنما الرفث ما قيل عند النساء .[ ص: 544 ] <br /> ورواه الأعمش ، عن زياد بن حصين ، عن أبي العالية ، عن ابن عباس ، فذكره . <br /> وقال ابن جرير أيضا : حدثنا ابن أبي عدي ، عن عون حدثني زياد بن حصين ، حدثني أبي حصين بن قيس ، قال : أصعدت مع ابن عباس في الحاج ، وكنت خليلا له ، فلما كان بعد إحرامنا قال ابن عباس ، فأخذ بذنب بعيره فجعل يلويه و [هو] يرتجز ، ويقول : <br />وهن يمشين بنا هميسا إن يصدق الطير ننل لميسا <br /> قال : فقلت : أترفث وأنت محرم ؟ فقال : إنما الرفث ما قيل عند النساء . <br />وقال عبد الله بن طاوس ، عن أبيه : سألت ابن عباس عن قول الله تعالى : ( فلا رفث ولا فسوق ) قال : الرفث التعريض بذكر الجماع ، وهي العرابة في كلام العرب ، وهو أدنى الرفث . <br /> وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح : الرفث : الجماع ، وما دونه من قول الفحش ، وكذا قال عمرو بن دينار . وقال عطاء : كانوا يكرهون العرابة ، وهو التعريض بذكر الجماع وهو محرم . <br /> وقال طاوس : هو أن تقول للمرأة : إذا حللت أصبتك . وكذا قال أبو العالية . <br /> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : الرفث : غشيان النساء والقبل والغمز ، وأن يعرض لها بالفحش من الكلام ، ونحو ذلك . <br /> وقال ابن عباس أيضا وابن عمر : الرفث : غشيان النساء . وكذا قال سعيد بن جبير ، وعكرمة ، ومجاهد ، وإبراهيم ، وأبو العالية ، وعطاء ، ومكحول ، وعطاء بن يسار ، وعطية ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، والربيع ، والزهري ، والسدي ، ومالك بن أنس ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، وعبد الكريم بن مالك ، والحسن ، وقتادة والضحاك ، وغيرهم . <br /> وقوله :(ولا فسوق) قال مقسم وغير واحد ، عن ابن عباس : هي المعاصي . وكذا قال عطاء ، ومجاهد ، وطاوس ، وعكرمة ، وسعيد بن جبير ، ومحمد بن كعب ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، والزهري ، ومكحول ، وابن أبان ، والربيع بن أنس ، وعطاء بن يسار ، وعطاء الخراساني ، ومقاتل بن حيان . <br /> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر قال : الفسوق : ما أصيب من معاصي الله به صيد أو غيره . وكذا روى ابن وهب ، عن يونس ، عن نافع أن عبد الله بن عمر كان يقول : الفسوق إتيان معاصي الله في الحرم . <br /> وقال آخرون : الفسوق هاهنا السباب ، قاله ابن عباس ، وابن عمر ، وابن الزبير ، ومجاهد ، والسدي ، وإبراهيم والحسن . وقد يتمسك لهؤلاء بما ثبت في الصحيح " سباب المسلم فسوق ، وقتاله كفر "[ ص: 545 ] <br /> ولهذا رواه هاهنا الحبر أبو محمد بن أبي حاتم ، رحمه الله ، من حديث سفيان الثوري عن يزيد عن أبي وائل ، عن عبد الله ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " سباب المسلم فسوق ، وقتاله كفر " . وروي من حديث عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن مسعود عن أبيه ومن حديث أبي إسحاق عن محمد بن سعد عن أبيه ] . <br /> وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : الفسوق هاهنا : الذبح للأصنام . قال الله تعالى : ( أو فسقا أهل لغير الله به )<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">[الأنعام : 145 ] . </span></span><br /> وقال الضحاك : الفسوق : التنابز بالألقاب . <br /> والذين قالوا : الفسوق هاهنا هو جميع المعاصي ، معهم الصواب ، كما نهى تعالى عن الظلم في الأشهر الحرم ، وإن كان في جميع السنة منهيا عنه ، إلا أنه في الأشهر الحرم آكد ; ولهذا قال :(منها أربعة حرم ذلك الدين القيم فلا تظلموا فيهن أنفسكم) [ التوبة : 36 ] ، وقال في الحرم : ( ومن يرد فيه بإلحاد بظلم نذقه من عذاب أليم ) [ الحج : 25 ] . <br /> واختار ابن جرير أن الفسوق هاهنا : هو ارتكاب ما نهي عنه في الإحرام ، من قتل الصيد ، وحلق الشعر ، وقلم الأظفار ، ونحو ذلك ، كما تقدم عن ابن عمر . وما ذكرناه أولى ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقد ثبت في الصحيحين من حديث أبي حازم ، عن أبي هريرة قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من حج هذا البيت فلم يرفث ولم يفسق ، خرج من ذنوبه كيوم ولدته أمه " . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: blue;">وقوله : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) فيه قولان :</span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">أحدهما : </span></span>ولا مجادلة في وقت الحج وفي مناسكه ، وقد بينه الله أتم بيان ووضحه أكمل إيضاح . كما قال وكيع ، عن العلاء بن عبد الكريم : سمعت مجاهدا يقول : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قد بين الله أشهر الحج ، فليس فيه جدال بين الناس . <br /> وقال ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قال : لا شهر ينسأ ، ولا جدال في الحج ، قد تبين ، ثم ذكر كيفية ما كان المشركون يصنعون في النسيء الذي ذمهم الله به . <br /> وقال الثوري ، عن عبد العزيز بن رفيع ، عن مجاهد في قوله : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قال : قد استقام الحج ، فلا جدال فيه . وكذا قال السدي . <br /> وقال هشيم : أخبرنا حجاج ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قال : المراء في الحج .[ ص: 546 ] <br /> وقال عبد الله بن وهب : قال مالك : قال الله تعالى : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) فالجدال في الحج والله أعلم أن قريشا كانت تقف عند المشعر الحرام بالمزدلفة ، وكانت العرب ، وغيرهم يقفون بعرفة ، وكانوا يتجادلون ، يقول هؤلاء : نحن أصوب . ويقول هؤلاء : نحن أصوب . فهذا فيما نرى ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقال ابن وهب ، عن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : كانوا يقفون مواقف مختلفة يتجادلون ، كلهم يدعي أن موقفه موقف إبراهيم فقطعه الله حين أعلم نبيه بالمناسك . <br /> وقال ابن وهب ، عن أبي صخر ، عن محمد بن كعب ، قال : كانت قريش إذا اجتمعت بمنى قال هؤلاء : حجنا أتم من حجكم . وقال هؤلاء : حجنا أتم من حجكم . <br /> وقال حماد بن سلمة عن جبر بن حبيب ، عن القاسم بن محمد أنه قال : الجدال في الحج أن يقول بعضهم : الحج غدا . ويقول بعضهم : اليوم . <br /> وقد اختار ابن جرير مضمون هذه الأقوال ، وهو قطع التنازع في مناسك الحج . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">والقول الثاني : </span></span>أن المراد بالجدال هاهنا : المخاصمة . <br /> قال ابن جرير : حدثنا عبد الحميد بن بيان حدثنا إسحاق ، عن شريك ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن أبي الأحوص ، عن عبد الله هو ابن مسعود في قوله : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قال : أن تماري صاحبك حتى تغضبه . <br /> وبهذا الإسناد إلى أبي إسحاق ، عن التميمي : سألت ابن عباس عن " الجدال " قال : المراء ، تماري صاحبك حتى تغضبه . وكذا روى مقسم والضحاك ، عن ابن عباس . وكذا قال أبو العالية ، وعطاء ومجاهد ، وسعيد بن جبير ، وعكرمة ، وجابر بن زيد ، وعطاء الخراساني ، ومكحول ، وعمرو بن دينار ، والسدي ، والضحاك ، والربيع بن أنس ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، وعطاء بن يسار ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، والزهري ، ومقاتل بن حيان . <br /> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس :(ولا جدال في الحج) قال الجدال : المراء والملاحاة ، حتى تغضب أخاك وصاحبك ، فنهى الله عن ذلك . <br /> وقال إبراهيم النخعي : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) قال : كانوا يكرهون الجدال . وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، قال : الجدال : السباب والمنازعة . وكذا روى ابن وهب ، عن يونس ، عن نافع : أن ابن عمر كان يقول : الجدال في الحج : السباب ، والمراء ، والخصومات ، وقال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن ابن الزبير ، والحسن ، وإبراهيم ، وطاوس ، ومحمد بن كعب ، قالوا : الجدال المراء . <br /> وقال عبد الله بن المبارك ، عن يحيى بن بشر عن عكرمة : ( ولا جدال في الحج ) والجدال الغضب ، أن تغضب عليك مسلما ، إلا أن تستعتب مملوكا فتغضبه من غير أن تضربه ، فلا بأس عليك ، إن شاء الله .[ ص: 547 ] <br /> قلت : ولو ضربه لكان جائزا سائغا . والدليل على ذلك ما رواه الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الله بن إدريس ، حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق ، عن يحيى بن عباد بن عبد الله بن الزبير ، عن أبيه : أن أسماء بنت أبي بكر قالت : خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حجاجا ، حتى إذا كنا بالعرج نزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فجلست عائشة إلى جنب رسول الله ، وجلست إلى جنب أبي . وكانت زمالة أبي بكر وزمالة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم واحدة مع غلام أبي بكر ، فجلس أبو بكر ينتظره إلى أن يطلع عليه ، فأطلع وليس معه بعيره ، فقال : أين بعيرك ؟ فقال : أضللته البارحة . فقال أبو بكر : بعير واحد تضله ؟ فطفق يضربه ، ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يتبسم ويقول : " انظروا إلى هذا المحرم ما يصنع ؟ " . <br /> وهكذا أخرجه أبو داود ، وابن ماجه ، من حديث ابن إسحاق . ومن هذا الحديث حكى بعضهم عن بعض السلف أنه قال : من تمام الحج ضرب الجمال . ولكن يستفاد من قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن أبي بكر : " انظروا إلى هذا المحرم ما يصنع ؟ " كهيئة الإنكار اللطيف أن الأولى ترك ذلك ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقد قال الإمام عبد بن حميد في مسنده : حدثنا عبيد الله بن موسى ، عن موسى بن عبيدة ، عن أخيه عبد الله بن عبيدة عن جابر بن عبد الله قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من قضى نسكه ، وسلم المسلمون من لسانه ويده ، غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه " . <br /> وقوله : ( وما تفعلوا من خير يعلمه الله ) لما نهاهم عن إتيان القبيح قولا وفعلا حثهم على فعل الجميل ، وأخبرهم أنه عالم به ، وسيجزيهم عليه أوفر الجزاء يوم القيامة . <br /> وقوله : ( وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) قال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : كان أناس يخرجون من أهليهم ليست معهم أزودة ، يقولون : نحج بيت الله ولا يطعمنا . فقال الله : تزودوا ما يكف وجوهكم عن الناس . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن يزيد المقري ، حدثنا سفيان ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، عن عكرمة : قال : إن ناسا كانوا يحجون بغير زاد ، فأنزل الله : ( وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) <br /> وكذا رواه ابن جرير عن عمرو وهو الفلاس عن ابن عيينة . <br /> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وقد روى هذا الحديث ورقاء ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس . قال : وما يرويه عن ابن عيينة أصح .[ ص: 548 ] <br /> قلت : قد رواه النسائي ، عن سعيد بن عبد الرحمن المخزومي ، عن سفيان بن عيينة ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس [ قال ] كان ناس يحجون بغير زاد ، فأنزل الله : ( وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) . وأما حديث ورقاء فأخرجه البخاري ، عن يحيى بن بشر ، عن شبابة . وأخرجه أبو داود ، عن أبي مسعود أحمد بن الفرات الرازي ، ومحمد بن عبد الله المخرمي ، عن شبابة ، عن ورقاء ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : كان أهل اليمن يحجون ولا يتزودون ، ويقولون : نحن المتوكلون . فأنزل الله : ( وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) . <br /> ورواه عبد بن حميد في تفسيره ، عن شبابة [ به ] . ورواه ابن حبان في صحيحه من حديث شبابة ، به . <br /> وروى ابن جرير وابن مردويه من حديث عمرو بن عبد الغفار [ عن محمد بن سوقة ] عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، قال : كانوا إذا أحرموا ومعهم أزوادهم رموا بها ، واستأنفوا زادا آخر ; فأنزل الله تعالى : ( وتزودوا فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) فنهوا عن ذلك ، وأمروا أن يتزودوا الكعك والدقيق والسويق . وكذا قال ابن الزبير ، وأبو العالية ، ومجاهد ، وعكرمة ، والشعبي ، والنخعي ، وسالم بن عبد الله ، وعطاء الخراساني ، وقتادة ، والربيع بن أنس ، ومقاتل بن حيان . <br /> وقال سعيد بن جبير : فتزودوا الدقيق والسويق والكعك وقال وكيع [ بن الجراح ] في تفسيره : حدثنا سفيان ، عن محمد بن سوقة عن سعيد بن جبير : ( وتزودوا ) قال : الخشكنانج والسويق . وقال وكيع أيضا : حدثنا إبراهيم المكي ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عمر ، قال : إن من كرم الرجل طيب زاده في السفر . وزاد فيه حماد بن سلمة ، عن أبي ريحانة أن ابن عمر كان يشترط على من صحبه الجوزة . <br /> وقوله : ( فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) لما أمرهم بالزاد للسفر في الدنيا أرشدهم إلى زاد الآخرة ، وهو استصحاب التقوى إليها ، كما قال : ( وريشا ولباس التقوى ذلك خير ) [ الأعراف : 26 ] . لما ذكر اللباس الحسي نبه مرشدا إلى اللباس المعنوي ، وهو الخشوع ، والطاعة والتقوى ، وذكر أنه خير من هذا ، وأنفع . <br /> قال عطاء الخراساني في قوله : ( فإن خير الزاد التقوى ) يعني : زاد الآخرة . <br /> وقال الحافظ أبو القاسم الطبراني : حدثنا عبدان ، حدثنا هشام بن عمار ، حدثنا مروان بن [ ص: 549 ] معاوية ، عن إسماعيل عن قيس ، عن جرير بن عبد الله ، عن النبي ، صلى الله عليه وسلم [ قال ] : " من يتزود في الدنيا ينفعه في الآخرة " . <br /> وقال مقاتل بن حيان : لما نزلت هذه الآية : ( وتزودوا ) قام رجل من فقراء المسلمين فقال : يا رسول الله ، ما نجد زادا نتزوده . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " تزود ما تكف به وجهك عن الناس ، وخير ما تزودتم التقوى " . رواه ابن أبي حاتم . <br /> وقوله : ( واتقون يا أولي الألباب ) يقول : واتقوا عقابي ، ونكالي ، وعذابي ، لمن خالفني ولم يأتمر بأمري ، يا ذوي العقول والأفهام . </span></b></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsPa_AsBMTlM-MuCaiFr7pDNnEGr_7vIpWuC7L988FUc-yKahfdVGZkZ8ylnjcH1tEn_jKrrAvPhz4xrIEPHEIBOTCcZ2iVExu1R3sWQjUEOB1zWoMAaTkJ-lMnPuYAytoDMv2MEK6vF_K/s1600/%25D9%2582.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsPa_AsBMTlM-MuCaiFr7pDNnEGr_7vIpWuC7L988FUc-yKahfdVGZkZ8ylnjcH1tEn_jKrrAvPhz4xrIEPHEIBOTCcZ2iVExu1R3sWQjUEOB1zWoMAaTkJ-lMnPuYAytoDMv2MEK6vF_K/s640/%25D9%2582.png" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">125 </span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br />(لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِينَ ( 198 ) </span></span><br /> قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَتْ عُكَاظٌ وَمَجَنَّةُ ، وَذُو الْمَجَازِ أَسْوَاقَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَتَأَثَّمُوا أَنْ يَتَّجِرُوا فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ فَنَزَلَتْ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ . <br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، بِهِ . <br /> وَلِبَعْضِهِمْ : فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ تَأَثَّمُوا أَنْ يَتَّجِرُوا ، فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ . وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ مَتْجَرُ النَّاسِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عُكَاظٌ وَمَجَنَّةُ وَذُو الْمَجَازِ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ كَأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . <br /> وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ ، وَغَيْرُهُ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ الْبُيُوعَ وَالتِّجَارَةَ فِي الْمَوْسِمِ ، وَالْحَجِّ ، يَقُولُونَ : أَيَّامُ ذِكْرٍ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَجَّاجٌ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ " . <br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الشِّرَاءِ وَالْبَيْعِ قَبْلَ [ ص: 550 ] الْإِحْرَامِ وَبَعْدَهُ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ : حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَضْرَمِيُّ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ : " لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ ".[ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ : " لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فِي مَوَاسِمِ الْحَجِّ " ] . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ ، سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقْرَأُ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً . وَهَكَذَا فَسَّرَهَا مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةُ ، وَمَنْصُورُ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَيْمَةَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحُجُّ وَمَعَهُ تِجَارَةٌ فَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) <br /> وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ ، وَهُوَ قَوِيٌّ جَيِّدٌ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا . قَالَ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا [ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ] أَسْبَاطٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْفُقَيْمِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّا نُكْرِي ، فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ حَجٍّ ، قَالَ : أَلَيْسَ تَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَتَأْتُونَ الْمُعَرَّفَ ، وَتَرْمُونَ الْجِمَارَ ، وَتُحَلِّقُونَ رُؤُوسَكُمْ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْنَا : بَلَى . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الذِي سَأَلْتَنِي فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) فَدَعَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : " أَنْتُمْ حُجَّاجٌ " . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَيْمِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، إِنَّا قَوْمٌ نُكْرِي ، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَنَا حَجٌّ . قَالَ : أَلَسْتُمْ تُحْرِمُونَ كَمَا يُحْرِمُونَ ، وَتَطُوفُونَ كَمَا يَطُوفُونَ ، وَتَرْمُونَ كَمَا يَرْمُونَ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى . قَالَ : فَأَنْتَ حَاجٌّ . ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا سَأَلْتَ عَنْهُ ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ [ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ ] عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهِ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ابْنُ [ص:551 ] حُذَيْفَةَ ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، مَرْفُوعًا . وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مَرْفُوعًا . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّا أُنَاسٌ نُكْرِي فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ، وَإِنَّ أُنَاسًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا حَجَّ لَنَا ، فَهَلْ تَرَى لَنَا حَجًّا ؟ قَالَ : أَلَسْتُمْ تُحْرِمُونَ ، وَتَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَتَقِفُونَ الْمَنَاسِكَ ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : بَلَى . قَالَ : فَأَنْتُمْ حُجَّاجٌ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ [ مِثْلِ ] الذِي سَأَلْتَ ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَعُودُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ قَالَ : فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) فَدَعَا الرَّجُلَ ، فَتَلَاهَا عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ : " أَنْتُمْ حُجَّاجٌ " . <br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَسْعُودُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، وَشَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بِهِ مَرْفُوعًا . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي طُلَيْقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ الْوَاسِطِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطٌ هُوَ ابْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو هُوَ الْفُقَيْمِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ التَّيْمِيِّ . قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّا قَوْمٌ نُكْرِي ، فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ حَجٍّ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَلْيْسَ تَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَتَأْتُونَ الْمُعَرَّفَ ، وَتَرْمُونَ الْجِمَارَ ، وَتُحَلِّقُونَ رُؤُوسَكُمْ ؟ قُلْنَا : بَلَى . قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ ، فَلَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَقُولُ لَهُ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنْتُمْ حُجَّاجٌ " . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَنْدَلٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُهَاجِرِ ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، كُنْتُمْ تَتَّجِرُونَ فِي الْحَجِّ ؟ قَالَ : وَهَلْ كَانَتْ مَعَايِشُهُمْ إِلَّا فِي الْحَجِّ ؟ <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ) <br /> إِنَّمَا صَرَفَ " عَرَفَاتٍ " وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَمًا عَلَى مُؤَنَّثٍ ; لِأَنَّهُ فِي الْأَصْلِ جَمْعٌ كَمُسْلِمَاتٍ وَمُؤْمِنَاتٍ ، سَمِّي بِهِ بُقْعَةٌ مُعَيَّنَةٌ ، فَرُوعِيَ فِيهِ الْأَصْلُ ، فَصُرِفَ . اخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ . <br />وَعَرَفَةُ : مَوْضِعُ الْمَوْقِفِ فِي الْحَجِّ ، وَهِيَ عُمْدَةُ أَفْعَالِ الْحَجِّ ; وَلِهَذَا رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ ، بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْمَرَ الدِّيلِيِّ ، [ ص: 552 ] <span style="color: red;">قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " الْحَجُّ عَرَفَاتٌ - ثَلَاثًا - فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ ، فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ . وَأَيَّامُ مِنًى ثَلَاثَةٌ ، فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ " . </span><br />وَوَقْتُ الْوُقُوفِ مِنَ الزَّوَالِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ الثَّانِي مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ ; لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَفَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ ، بَعْدَ أَنْ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ إِلَى أَنْ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ ، وَقَالَ : " لِتَأْخُذُوا عَنِّي مَنَاسِكَكُمْ " . <br /> وَقَالَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ : " فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ " وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ ، وَأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ . وَذَهَبَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى أَنَّ وَقْتَ الْوُقُوفِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ . وَاحْتَجُّوا بِحَدِيثِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ لَامٍ الطَّائِيِّ قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ ، حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي جِئْتُ مِنْ جَبَلَيْ طَيْئٍ ، أَكْلَلْتُ رَاحِلَتِي ، وَأَتْعَبْتُ نَفْسِي ، وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكْتُ مِنْ جَبَلٍ إِلَّا وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ ، فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ حَجٍّ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ شَهِدَ صَلَاتَنَا هَذِهِ ، فَوَقَفَ مَعَنَا حَتَّى نَدْفَعَ ، وَقَدْ وَقَفَ بِعَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا ، فَقَدْ تَمَّ حَجُّهُ ، وَقَضَى تَفَثَهُ " . <br /> رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ ، وَصَحَّحَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ . <br /> ثُمَّ قِيلَ : إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ عَرَفَاتٌ لِمَا رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ : قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : بَعَثَ اللَّهُ جِبْرِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَحَجَّ بِهِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى عَرَفَةَ قَالَ : عَرَفْتَ ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَتَاهَا مَرَّةً قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ ، فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ عَرَفَةُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، قَالَ : إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ عَرَفَةُ ، أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ كَانَ يُرِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَنَاسِكَ ، فَيَقُولُ : عَرَفْتَ عَرَفْتَ . فَسُمِّيَ " عَرَفَاتٌ " . وَرُوِيَ نَحْوُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَبِي مِجْلَزٍ ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَتُسَمَّى عَرَفَاتٌ الْمَشْعَرَ الْحَلَالَ ، وَالْمَشْعَرَ الْأَقْصَى ، وَإِلَالُ عَلَى وَزْنِ هِلَالُ وَيُقَالُ لِلْجَبَلِ فِي وَسَطِهَا : جَبَلُ الرَّحْمَةِ . قَالَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فِي قَصِيدَتِهِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ : <br />وَبِالْمَشْعَرِ الْأَقْصَى إِذَا قَصَدُوا لَهُ إِلَالُ إِلَى تِلْكَ الشِّرَاجِ الْقَوَابِلِ <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَنْبَسَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ ، عَنْ زَمْعَةَ هُوَ ابْنُ [ ص: 553 ] صَالِحٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ هُوَ ابْنُ وَهْرَامٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَقِفُونَ بِعَرَفَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ ، كَأَنَّهَا الْعَمَائِمُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الرِّجَالِ ، دَفَعُوا ، فَأَخَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الدَّفْعَةَ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَمْعَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، وَزَادَ : ثُمَّ وَقَفَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ ، وَصَلَّى الْفَجْرَ بِغَلَسٍ ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَسْفَرَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَكَانَ فِي الْوَقْتِ الْآخَرِ ، دَفَعَ . وَهَذَا حَسَنُ الْإِسْنَادِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ قَالَ : خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَهُوَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَمَّا بَعْدُ وَكَانَ إِذَا خَطَبَ خُطْبَةً قَالَ : أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ الْحَجَّ الْأَكْبَرَ ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ وَالْأَوْثَانِ كَانُوا يَدْفَعُونَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ ، إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ ، كَأَنَّهَا عَمَائِمُ الرِّجَالِ فِي وُجُوهِهَا ، وَإِنَّا نَدْفَعُ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ ، وَكَانُوا يَدْفَعُونَ مِنَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ ، إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ كَأَنَّهَا عَمَائِمُ الرِّجَالِ فِي وُجُوهِهَا وَإِنَّا نَدْفَعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ ، مُخَالَفًا هَدْيُنَا هَدْيَ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ " . <br /> هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، كِلَاهُمَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ الْعَيْشِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . قَالَ : وَقَدْ صَحَّ وَثَبَتَ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ سَمَاعَ الْمِسْوَرِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، لَا كَمَا يَتَوَهَّمُهُ رِعَاعُ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّهُ مِمَّنْ لَهُ رُؤْيَةٌ بِلَا سَمَاعٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ [ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ ] عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ ، قَالَ : رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، حِينَ دَفَعَ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ ، كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلًا أَصْلَعَ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهُ ، يُوضِعُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا الْإِفَاضَةَ هِيَ الْإِيضَاعُ . <br /> وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّوِيلِ ، الذِي فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، قَالَ فِيهِ : فَلَمْ يَزَلْ وَاقِفًا يَعْنِي بِعَرَفَةَ حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ ، وَذَهَبَتِ الصُّفْرَةُ قَلِيلًا حَتَّى غَابَ الْقُرْصُ ، وَأَرْدَفَ أُسَامَةَ خَلْفَهُ ، وَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ شَنَقَ لِلْقَصْوَاءِ الزِّمَامَ ، حَتَّى إِنَّ رَأْسَهَا لَيُصِيبُ مَوْرِكَ رَحْلِهِ ، وَيَقُولُ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى : " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، السَّكِينَةَ السَّكِينَةَ " . كُلَّمَا أَتَى جَبَلًا مِنَ الْجِبَالِ أَرْخَى لَهَا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى تَصْعَدَ ، حَتَّى أَتَى الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ فَصَلَّى بِهَا الْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ بِأَذَانٍ وَاحِدٍ وَإِقَامَتَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُسَبِّحْ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ حَتَّى طَلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَصَلَّى الْفَجْرَ حِينَ تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الصُّبْحُ بِأَذَانٍ وَإِقَامَةٍ ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ الْقَصْوَاءَ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَشْعَرَ الْحَرَامَ ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ ، فَدَعَا اللَّهَ وَكَبَّرَهُ وَهَلَّلَهُ وَوَحَّدَهُ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ وَاقِفًا حَتَّى أَسْفَرَ جِدًّا ، فَدَفَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَسِيرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ دَفَعَ ؟ [ ص: 554 ] قَالَ : " كَانَ يَسِيرُ الْعَنَقَ ، فَإِذَا وَجَدَ فَجْوَةً نَصَّ " . وَالْعَنَقُ : هُوَ انْبِسَاطُ السَّيْرِ ، وَالنَّصُّ ، فَوْقَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ابْنُ بِنْتِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَوْ عَمِّهِ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَوْلَهُ : ( فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ) وَهِيَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ : سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو عَنِ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ، فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى إِذَا هَبَطَتْ أَيْدِي رَوَاحِلِنَا بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ قَالَ : أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ؟ هَذَا الْمَشْعَرُ الْحَرَامُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ : الْمَشْعَرُ الْحَرَامُ الْمُزْدَلِفَةُ كُلُّهَا . <br /> وَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ : ( فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ) قَالَ : فَقَالَ : هُوَ الْجَبَلُ وَمَا حَوْلَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ : رَآهُمُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَزْدَحِمُونَ عَلَى قُزَحَ ، فَقَالَ : عَلَامَ يَزْدَحِمُ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ كُلُّ مَا هَاهُنَا مَشْعَرٌ . <br /> وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : هُوَ مَا بَيْنَ الْجَبَلَيْنِ . <br />وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ : أَيْنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةُ ؟ قَالَ : إِذَا أَفَضْتَ مِنْ مَأْزِمَيْ عَرَفَةَ فَذَلِكَ إِلَى مُحَسَّرٍ . قَالَ : وَلَيْسَ الْمَأْزِمَانِ مَأْزِمَا عَرَفَةَ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ ، وَلَكِنْ مُفَاضَاهُمَا . قَالَ : فَقِفْ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ شِئْتَ ، قَالَ : وَأُحِبُّ أَنْ تَقِفَ دُونَ قُزَحَ ، هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَجْلِ طَرِيقِ النَّاسِ . قُلْتُ : وَالْمَشَاعِرُ هِيَ الْمَعَالِمُ الظَّاهِرَةُ ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الْمُزْدَلِفَةُ الْمَشْعَرَ الْحَرَامَ ; لِأَنَّهَا دَاخِلُ الْحَرَمِ ، وَهَلِ الْوُقُوفُ بِهَا رُكْنٌ فِي الْحَجِّ لَا يَصِحُّ إِلَّا بِهِ ، كَمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ، وَبَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، مِنْهُمْ : الْقَفَّالُ ، وَابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ ، لِحَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّسٍ ؟ أَوْ وَاجِبٌ ، كَمَا هُوَ أَحَدُ قَوْلَيِ الشَّافِعِيِّ يُجْبَرُ بِدَمٍ ؟ أَوْ مُسْتَحَبٌّ لَا يَجِبُ بِتَرْكِهِ شَيْءٌ كَمَا هُوَ الْقَوْلُ الْآخَرُ ؟ فِي ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَقْوَالٍ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ ، لِبَسْطِهَا مَوْضِعٌ آخَرُ غَيْرُ هَذَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .[ص: 555 ] وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " عَرَفَةُ كُلُّهَا مَوْقِفٌ ، وَارْفَعُوا عَنْ عُرَنَةَ ، وَجَمْعٌ كُلُّهَا مَوْقِفٌ إِلَّا مُحَسَّرًا " . <br /> هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ . وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : قَالَ : " كُلُّ عَرَفَاتٍ مَوْقِفٌ ، وَارْفَعُوا عَنْ عُرَنَةَ . وَكُلُّ مُزْدَلِفَةَ مَوْقِفٌ وَارْفَعُوا عَنْ مُحَسَّرٍ ، وَكُلُّ فِجَاجِ مَكَّةَ مَنْحَرٌ ، وَكُلُّ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ذَبْحٌ " . <br /> وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ ، فَإِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى هَذَا وَهُوَ الْأَشْدَقُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ جُبَيْرَ بْنَ مُطْعِمٍ . وَلَكِنْ رَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ : عَنِ ابْنٍ لِجُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ . وَقَالَ سُوَيْدٌ : عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ:(وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ ) تَنْبِيهٌ لَهُمْ عَلَى مَا أَنْعَمَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، مِنَ الْهِدَايَةِ وَالْبَيَانِ وَالْإِرْشَادِ إِلَى مَشَاعِرَ الْحَجِّ ، عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْخَلِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ :( وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ ) قِيلَ : مِنْ قَبْلِ هَذَا الْهَدْيِ ، وَقَبْلَ الْقُرْآنِ ، وَقَبْلَ الرَّسُولِ ، وَالْكُلُّ مُتَقَارِبٌ ، وَمُتَلَازِمٌ ، وَصَحِيحٌ . <br />يأتي ان شاء الله 126</span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-76048491077371158732017-02-09T03:22:00.004-08:002017-02-14T23:21:44.376-08:0015- من قوله تعالي(ولنبلونكم بشيء من الخوف والجوع..)الي(يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ...)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">يأتي 101 ان شاء الله<br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">101</span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">(ولنبلونكم بشيء من الخوف والجوع ونقص من الأموال والأنفس والثمرات وبشر الصابرين ( 155 ) الذين إذا أصابتهم مصيبة قالوا إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون ( 156 ) أولئك عليهم صلوات من ربهم ورحمة وأولئك هم المهتدون ( 157 ) </span></span><br /> أخبر تعالى أنه يبتلي عباده [ المؤمنين ] أي : يختبرهم ويمتحنهم ، كما قال تعالى : ( ولنبلونكم حتى نعلم المجاهدين منكم والصابرين ونبلو أخباركم ) [ محمد : 31 ] فتارة بالسراء ، وتارة بالضراء من خوف وجوع ، كما قال تعالى : ( فأذاقها الله لباس الجوع والخوف ) [ النحل : 112 ] فإن الجائع والخائف كل منهما يظهر ذلك عليه ; ولهذا قال : لباس الجوع والخوف . وقال هاهنا ( بشيء من الخوف والجوع ) أي : بقليل من ذلك ( ونقص من الأموال ) أي : ذهاب بعضها ) والأنفس ) كموت الأصحاب والأقارب والأحباب ) والثمرات ) أي : لا تغل الحدائق والمزارع كعادتها . كما قال بعض السلف : فكانت بعض النخيل لا تثمر غير واحدة . وكل هذا وأمثاله مما يختبر الله به عباده ، فمن صبر أثابه [ الله ] ومن قنط أحل [ الله ] به عقابه . ولهذا قال : ( وبشر الصابرين ) <br /> وقد حكى بعض المفسرين أن المراد من الخوف هاهنا : خوف الله ، وبالجوع : صيام رمضان ، ونقص الأموال : الزكاة ، والأنفس : الأمراض ، والثمرات : الأولاد . <br /> وفي هذا نظر ، والله أعلم . <br /> ثم بين تعالى من الصابرون الذين شكرهم ، قال : ( الذين إذا أصابتهم مصيبة قالوا إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون ) أي : تسلوا بقولهم هذا عما أصابهم ، وعلموا أنهم ملك لله يتصرف في عبيده [ ص: 468 ] بما يشاء ، وعلموا أنه لا يضيع لديه مثقال ذرة يوم القيامة ، فأحدث لهم ذلك اعترافهم بأنهم عبيده ، وأنهم إليه راجعون في الدار الآخرة . ولهذا أخبر تعالى عما أعطاهم على ذلك فقال : ( أولئك عليهم صلوات من ربهم ) أي : ثناء من الله عليهم ورحمة . <br /> قال سعيد بن جبير : أي : أمنة من العذاب ( وأولئك هم المهتدون ) قال أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب : نعم العدلان ونعمت العلاوة ( أولئك عليهم صلوات من ربهم ورحمة ) فهذان العدلان ( وأولئك هم المهتدون ) فهذه العلاوة ، وهي ما توضع بين العدلين ، وهي زيادة في الحمل وكذلك هؤلاء ، أعطوا ثوابهم وزيدوا أيضا . <br /> وقد ورد في ثواب الاسترجاع ، وهو قول ( إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون ) عند المصائب أحاديث كثيرة . فمن ذلك ما رواه الإمام أحمد : <br /> حدثنا يونس ، حدثنا ليث يعني ابن سعد عن يزيد بن عبد الله بن أسامة بن الهاد ، عن عمرو بن أبي عمرو ، عن المطلب ، عن أم سلمة قالت : أتاني أبو سلمة يوما من عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال : لقد سمعت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قولا سررت به . قال : " لا يصيب أحدا من المسلمين مصيبة فيسترجع عند مصيبته ، ثم يقول : اللهم أجرني في مصيبتي واخلف لي خيرا منها ، إلا فعل ذلك به " . قالت أم سلمة : فحفظت ذلك منه ، فلما توفي أبو سلمة استرجعت وقلت : اللهم أجرني في مصيبتي واخلف لي خيرا منه ، ثم رجعت إلى نفسي . فقلت : من أين لي خير من أبي سلمة ؟ فلما انقضت عدتي استأذن علي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنا أدبغ إهابا لي فغسلت يدي من القرظ وأذنت له ، فوضعت له وسادة أدم حشوها ليف ، فقعد عليها ، فخطبني إلى نفسي ، فلما فرغ من مقالته قلت : يا رسول الله ، ما بي ألا يكون بك الرغبة ، ولكني امرأة ، في غيرة شديدة ، فأخاف أن ترى مني شيئا يعذبني الله به ، وأنا امرأة قد دخلت في السن ، وأنا ذات عيال ، فقال : " أما ما ذكرت من الغيرة فسوف يذهبها الله ، عز وجل عنك . وأما ما ذكرت من السن فقد أصابني مثل الذي أصابك ، وأما ما ذكرت من العيال فإنما عيالك عيالي " . قالت : فقد سلمت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . فتزوجها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقالت أم سلمة بعد : أبدلني الله بأبي سلمة خيرا منه ، رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . <br /> وفي صحيح مسلم ، عنها أنها قالت : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " ما من عبد تصيبه مصيبة فيقول : ( إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون ) اللهم أجرني في مصيبتي واخلف لي خيرا منها ، إلا آجره الله من مصيبته ، وأخلف له خيرا منها " قالت : فلما توفي أبو سلمة قلت كما أمرني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأخلف الله لي خيرا منه : رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم[ ص: 469 ] <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يزيد ، وعباد بن عباد قالا : حدثنا هشام بن أبي هشام ، حدثنا عباد بن زياد ، عن أمه ، عن فاطمة ابنة الحسين ، عن أبيها الحسين بن علي ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ما من مسلم ولا مسلمة يصاب بمصيبة فيذكرها وإن طال عهدها ، وقال عباد : قدم عهدها فيحدث لذلك استرجاعا،إلا جدد الله له عند ذلك فأعطاه مثل أجرها يوم أصيب" . <br /> ورواه ابن ماجه في سننه ، عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة ، عن وكيع ، عن هشام بن زياد ، عن أمه ، عن فاطمة بنت الحسين ، عن أبيها [ الحسين ] . <br /> وقد رواه إسماعيل بن علية ، ويزيد بن هارون ، عن هشام بن زياد عن أبيه ، كذا عن ، فاطمة ، عن أبيها . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يحيى بن إسحاق السالحيني ، أخبرنا حماد بن سلمة ، عن أبي سنان قال : دفنت ابنا لي ، فإني لفي القبر إذ أخذ بيدي أبو طلحة يعني الخولاني فأخرجني ، وقال لي : ألا أبشرك ؟ قلت : بلى . قال : حدثني الضحاك بن عبد الرحمن بن عرزب ، عن أبي موسى ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " قال الله : يا ملك الموت ، قبضت ولد عبدي ؟ قبضت قرة عينه وثمرة فؤاده ؟ قال نعم . قال : فما قال ؟ قال : حمدك واسترجع ، قال : ابنو له بيتا في الجنة ، وسموه بيت الحمد " . <br /> ثم رواه عن علي بن إسحاق ، عن عبد الله بن المبارك . فذكره . وهكذا رواه الترمذي عن سويد بن نصر ، عن ابن المبارك ، به . وقال : حسن غريب . واسم أبي سنان : عيسى بن سنان . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #660000;">102</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #660000;"><br /> ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ ( 158 ) </span></span><br /> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : قُلْتُ : أَرَأَيْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ) قُلْتُ : فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَلَى أَحَدٍ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ لَا يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : بِئْسَمَا قُلْتَ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي ، إِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ عَلَى مَا أَوَّلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ كَانَتْ : فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ [ ص: 470 ] أَلَّا يَطَّوَفَ بِهِمَا ، وَلَكِنَّهَا إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا كَانُوا يُهِلُّونَ لِمَنَاةَ الطَّاغِيَةِ ، التِي كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَهَا عِنْدَ الْمُشَلَّلِ . وَكَانَ مَنْ أَهَلَّ لَهَا يَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، فَسَأَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّا كُنَّا نَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ نَطَّوَّفَ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ) قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ قَدْ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الطَّوَافَ بِهِمَا ، فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَدَعَ الطَّوَافَ بِهِمَا . أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ . <br /> وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ ، مَا كُنْتُ سَمِعْتُهُ ، وَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ إِلَّا مَنْ ذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ : إِنَّ طَوَافَنَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنَ الْحَجَرَيْنِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ : إِنَّمَا أُمِرْنَا بِالطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَلَمْ نُؤْمَرْ بِالطَّوَافِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ) قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ : فَلَعَلَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ . ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَنَسًا عَنِ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ : كُنَّا نَرَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَمْسَكْنَا عَنْهُمَا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ) . <br /> وَذَكَرَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ تُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ اللَّيْلَ كُلَّهُ ، وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا آلِهَةٌ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، عَنِ الطَّوَافِ بَيْنَهُمَا ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : كَانَ إِسَافٌ عَلَى الصَّفَا ، وَكَانَتْ نَائِلَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ ، وَكَانُوا يَسْتَلِمُونَهُمَا فَتَحَرَّجُوا بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ بَيْنَهُمَا ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . قُلْتُ : وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيرَةِ أَنَّ إِسَافًا وَنَائِلَةَ كَانَا بَشَرَيْنِ ، فَزَنَيَا دَاخِلَ الْكَعْبَةِ فَمُسِخَا حَجَرَيْنِ فَنَصَبَتْهُمَا قُرَيْشٌ تُجَاهَ الْكَعْبَةِ لِيَعْتَبِرَ بِهِمَا النَّاسُ ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ عَهْدُهُمَا عُبِدَا ، ثُمَّ حُوِّلَا إِلَى الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، فَنُصِبَا هُنَالِكَ ، فَكَانَ مَنْ طَافَ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ يَسْتَلِمُهُمَا ، وَلِهَذَا يَقُولُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ ، فِي قَصِيدَتِهِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ : <br />وَحَيْثُ يُنِيخُ الْأَشْعَرُونَ رِكَابَهُمْ بِمَفْضَى السِّيُولُ مِنْ إِسَافِ وَنَائِلِ <br /> وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ [ مِنْ ] حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ الطَّوِيلِ ، وَفِيهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ [ ص: 471 ] بِالْبَيْتِ ، عَادَ إِلَى الرُّكْنِ فَاسْتَلَمَهُ ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ بَابِ الصَّفَا ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : ( إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ) ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ " . وَفِي رِوَايَةِ النَّسَائِيِّ : " ابْدَءُوا بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ " . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيْحٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُؤَمَّلِ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي تَجْرَاةَ قَالَتْ : رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ، وَالنَّاسُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ وَرَاءَهُمْ ، وَهُوَ يَسْعَى حَتَّى أَرَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ السَّعْيِ يَدُورُ بِهِ إِزَارُهُ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : " اسْعَوْا ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّعْيَ " . <br /> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ وَاصِلٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ يَقُولُ : " كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّعْيُ ، فَاسْعَوْا " . <br /> وَقَدِ اسْتُدِلَّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِ مَنْ يَرَى أَنَّ السَّعْيَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ رُكْنٌ فِي الْحَجِّ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُ [ وَرِوَايَةً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ ] . وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهُ وَاجِبٌ ، وَلَيْسَ بِرُكْنٍ [ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهُ عَمْدًا أَوْ سَهْوًا جَبَرَهُ بِدَمٍ وَهُوَ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَبِهِ تَقُولُ طَائِفَةٌ وَقِيلَ : بَلْ مُسْتَحَبٌّ ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ وَابْنُ سِيرِينَ ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَحُكِيَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِي الْعُتْبِيَّةِ ، قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : وَاحْتَجُّوا بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا ) ] . وَقِيلَ : بَلْ مُسْتَحَبٌّ . وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَرْجَحُ ، لِأَنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ طَافَ بَيْنَهُمَا ، وَقَالَ : " لِتَأْخُذُوا عَنِّي مَنَاسِكَكُمْ " . فَكُلُّ مَا فَعَلَهُ فِي حَجَّتِهِ تِلْكَ وَاجِبٌ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ ، إِلَّا مَا خَرَجَ بِدَلِيلٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ [ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ قَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ:"اسْعَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّعْيَ] فَقَدْ بَيّنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ الطَّوَافَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ، أَيْ : مِمَّا شَرَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ فِي مَنَاسِكِ الْحَجِّ ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَصْلَ ذَلِكَ مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ تَطْوَافِ هَاجَرَ وَتَرْدَادِهَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ فِي طَلَبِ الْمَاءِ لِوَلَدِهَا ، لَمَّا نَفِدَ مَاؤُهَا وَزَادُهَا ، حِينَ تَرَكَهُمَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُنَالِكَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُمَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ ، فَلَمَّا خَافَتِ الضَّيْعَةُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا هُنَالِكَ ، وَنَفِدَ مَا عِنْدَهَا قَامَتْ تَطْلُبُ الْغَوْثَ مِنَ اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَرَدَّدُ فِي هَذِهِ الْبُقْعَةِ الْمُشَرَّفَةِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ مُتَذَلِّلَةً خَائِفَةً وَجِلَةً مُضْطَرَّةً فَقِيرَةً إِلَى اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، حَتَّى كَشَفَ اللَّهُ كُرْبَتَهَا ، وَآنَسَ غُرْبَتَهَا ، وَفَرَّجَ شِدَّتَهَا ، وَأَنْبَعَ لَهَا زَمْزَمَ التِي مَاؤُهَا طَعَامُ طَعْمٍ ، وَشِفَاءُ سُقْمٍ ، فَالسَّاعِي بَيْنَهُمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَحْضِرَ فَقْرَهُ وَذُلُّهُ وَحَاجَتَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي هِدَايَةِ قَلْبِهِ وَصَلَاحِ حَالِهِ وَغُفْرَانِ ذَنْبِهِ ، وَأَنْ يَلْتَجِئَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، [ ص: 472 ] عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لِيُزِيحَ مَا هُوَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّقَائِصِ وَالْعُيُوبِ ، وَأَنْ يَهْدِيَهُ إِلَى الصِّرَاطِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ وَأَنْ يُثَبِّتَهُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى مَمَاتِهِ ، وَأَنْ يُحَوِّلَهُ مِنْ حَالِهِ الذِي هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْمَعَاصِي ، إِلَى حَالِ الْكَمَالِ وَالْغُفْرَانِ وَالسَّدَادِ وَالِاسْتِقَامَةِ ، كَمَا فَعَلَ بِهَاجَرَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا ) قِيلَ : زَادَ فِي طَوَافِهِ بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَى قَدْرِ الْوَاجِبِ ثَامِنَةً وَتَاسِعَةً وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . وَقِيلَ : يَطُوفُ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي حَجَّةِ تَطَوُّعٍ ، أَوْ عُمْرَةِ تَطَوُّعٍ . وَقِيلَ : الْمُرَادُ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فِي سَائِرِ الْعِبَادَاتِ . حَكَى ذَلِكَ [ فَخْرُ الدِّينِ ] الرَّازِيُّ ، وَعَزَى الثَّالِثَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : يُثِيبُ عَلَى الْقَلِيلِ بِالْكَثِيرِ ) عَلِيمٌ ) بِقَدْرِ الْجَزَاءِ فَلَا يَبْخَسُ أَحَدًا ثَوَابَهُ وَ ( لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِنْ لَدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 40 ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;">103</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /> ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتَابِ أُولَئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ ( 159 ) إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنَا التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ ( 160 ) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ( 161 ) خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ ( 162 ) </span></span><br /> هَذَا وَعِيدٌ شَدِيدٌ لِمَنْ كَتَمَ مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ مِنَ الدَّلَالَاتِ الْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى الْمَقَاصِدِ الصَّحِيحَةِ وَالْهُدَى النَّافِعِ لِلْقُلُوبِ ، مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِعِبَادِهِ فِي كُتُبِهِ ، التِي أَنْزَلَهَا عَلَى رُسُلِهِ . <br /> قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ، كَتَمُوا صِفَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُمْ يَلْعَنُهُمْ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ عَلَى صَنِيعِهِمْ ذَلِكَ ، فَكَمَا أَنَّ الْعَالِمَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ ، حَتَّى الْحُوتُ فِي الْمَاءِ وَالطَّيْرُ فِي الْهَوَاءِ ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ بِخِلَافِ الْعُلَمَاءِ [ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ ] فَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ . وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُسْنَدِ مِنْ طُرُقٍ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَغَيْرِهِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ سُئِلَ عَنْ عِلْمٍ فَكَتَمَهُ ، أُلْجِمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِلِجَامٍ مِنْ نَارٍ " . وَالذِي فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَوْلَا آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا حَدَّثْتُ أَحَدًا شَيْئًا : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَى ) الْآيَةَ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ،[ ص: 473 ] <br /> عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ أَبِي عُمَرَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ ، قَالَ : كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي جِنَازَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ الْكَافِرَ يُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ ، فَيَسْمَعُ كُلُّ دَابَّةٍ غَيْرَ الثَّقَلَيْنِ ، فَتَلْعَنُهُ كُلُّ دَابَّةٍ سَمِعَتْ صَوْتَهُ ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( أُولَئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ ) يَعْنِي : دَوَابُّ الْأَرْضِ " . <br /> [ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ بِهِ ] <br /> وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ : كُلُّ دَابَّةٍ وَالْجِنُّ وَالْإِنْسُ . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : إِذَا أَجْدَبَتِ الْأَرْضُ قَالَتِ الْبَهَائِمُ : هَذَا مِنْ أَجْلِ عُصَاةِ بَنِي آدَمَ ، لَعَنَ اللَّهُ عُصَاةَ بَنِي آدَمَ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ( وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ ) يَعْنِي تَلْعَنُهُمْ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّهِ ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ . <br /> [ وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ، أَنَّ الْعَالِمَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى الْحِيتَانُ ، وَجَاءَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : أَنَّ كَاتِمَ الْعِلْمِ يَلْعَنُهُ اللَّهُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالنَّاسُ أَجْمَعُونَ ، وَاللَّاعِنُونَ أَيْضًا ، وَهُمْ كُلُّ فَصِيحٍ وَأَعْجَمِيٍّ إِمَّا بِلِسَانِ الْمَقَالِ ، أَوِ الْحَالِ ، أَوْ لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ عَقْلٌ ، أَوْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ] . <br /> ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ مَنْ تَابَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ : ( إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا ) أَيْ : رَجَعُوا عَمَّا كَانُوا فِيهِ وَأَصْلَحُوا أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَأَحْوَالَهُمْ وَبَيَّنُوا لِلنَّاسِ مَا كَانُوا كَتَمُوهُ ( فَأُولَئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَنَا التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ ) وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الدَّاعِيَةَ إِلَى كَفْرٍ ، أَوْ بِدْعَةٍ إِذَا تَابَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ . <br />وَقَدْ وَرَدَ أَنَّ الْأُمَمَ السَّابِقَةَ لَمْ تَكُنِ التَّوْبَةُ تُقْبَلُ مِنْ مِثْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْهُمْ ، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا مِنْ شَرِيعَةِ نَبِيِّ التَّوْبَةِ وَنَبِيِّ الرَّحْمَةِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهُ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ . <br /> ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ تَعَالَى عَمَّنْ كَفَرَ بِهِ وَاسْتَمَرَّ بِهِ الْحَالُ إِلَى مَمَاتِهِ بِأَنَّ ( عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ) أَيْ : فِي اللَّعْنَةِ التَّابِعَةِ لَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ الْمُصَاحِبَةِ لَهُمْ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ التِي ( لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ ) فِيهَا ، أَيْ : لَا يَنْقُصُ عَمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ ( وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ ) أَيْ : لَا يُغَيَّرُ عَنْهُمْ سَاعَةً وَاحِدَةً ، وَلَا يُفَتَّرُ ، بَلْ هُوَ مُتَوَاصِلٌ دَائِمٌ ، فَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . <br />وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَقَتَادَةُ : إِنَّ الْكَافِرَ يُوقَفُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَلْعَنُهُ اللَّهُ ، ثُمَّ تَلْعَنُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ، ثُمَّ يَلْعَنُهُ النَّاسُ أَجْمَعُونَ . <br /> فَصْلٌ : لَا خِلَافَ فِي جَوَازِ لَعْنِ الْكُفَّارِ ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، وَعَمَّنْ بَعْدَهُ [ ص: 474 ] مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ، يَلْعَنُونَ الْكَفَرَةَ فِي الْقُنُوتِ وَغَيْرِهِ ; فَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ الْمُعَيَّنُ ، فَقَدْ ذَهَبَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُلْعَنُ لِأَنَّا لَا نَدْرِي بِمَا يُخْتَمُ لَهُ ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بَعْضُهُمْ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ) وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى : بَلْ يَجُوزُ لَعْنُ الْكَافِرِ الْمُعَيَّنِ . وَاخْتَارَ ذَلِكَ الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْعَرَبِيِّ الْمَالِكِيُّ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ احْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثٍ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ غَيْرُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي قِصَّةِ الذِي كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِهِ سَكْرَانَ فَيَحُدُّهُ ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ ، مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا يُؤْتَى بِهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَلْعَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ " قَالُوا : فَعِلَّةُ الْمَنْعِ مِنْ لَعْنِهِ ; بِأَنَّهُ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَنْ لَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُلْعَنُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">104</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br /> ( وإلهكم إله واحد لا إله إلا هو الرحمن الرحيم ( 163 ) </span></span><br /> يخبر تعالى عن تفرده بالإلهية ، وأنه لا شريك له ولا عديل له ، بل هو الله الواحد الأحد الفرد الصمد ، الذي لا إله إلا هو وأنه الرحمن الرحيم . وقد تقدم تفسير هذين الاسمين في أول السورة . وفي الحديث عن شهر بن حوشب ، عن أسماء بنت يزيد بن السكن ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " اسم الله الأعظم في هاتين الآيتين : ( وإلهكم إله واحد لا إله إلا هو الرحمن الرحيم ) و ( الم الله لا إله إلا هو الحي القيوم ) [ آل عمران : 1 ، 2 ] " <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">105</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br /> ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ( 164 ) </span></span> <br /> ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الدَّلِيلَ عَلَى تَفَرُّدِهِ بِالْإِلَهِيَّةِ [ بِتَفَرُّدِهِ ] بِخَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِمَا ، وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا ذَرَأَ وَبَرَأَ مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى وَحْدَانِيَّتِهِ ، فَقَالَ : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ التِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ) تِلْكَ فِي [ لَطَافَتِهَا وَ ] ارْتِفَاعِهَا وَاتِّسَاعِهَا وَكَوَاكِبِهَا السَّيَّارَةِ وَالثَّوَابِتِ وَدَوْرَانِ فَلَكِهَا ، وَهَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ فِي [ كَثَافَتِهَا وَ ] انْخِفَاضِهَا وَجِبَالِهَا وَبِحَارِهَا وَقَفَارِهَا وَوِهَادِهَا وَعُمْرَانِهَا وَمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ ( وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ ) هَذَا يَجِيءُ ثُمَّ يَذْهَبُ وَيَخْلُفُهُ الْآخَرُ وَيَعْقُبُهُ ، لَا يَتَأَخَّرُ عَنْهُ لَحْظَةً ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ وَلَا اللَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ ) [ يس : 40 ] وَتَارَةً يَطُولُ هَذَا وَيَقْصُرُ هَذَا ، وَتَارَةً يَأْخُذُ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا ثُمَّ يَتَقَارَضَانِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 61 ] أَيْ : يَزِيدُ مِنْ هَذَا فِي هَذَا ، وَمِنْ هَذَا فِي هَذَا ( وَالْفُلْكِ التِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ ) [ ص: 475 ] أَيْ : فِي تَسْخِيرِ الْبَحْرِ لِحَمْلِ السُّفُنِ مِنْ جَانِبٍ إِلَى جَانِبٍ لِمَعَاشِ النَّاسِ ، وَالِانْتِفَاعِ بِمَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ ذَلِكَ الْإِقْلِيمِ ، وَنَقْلِ هَذَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَمَا عِنْدَ أُولَئِكَ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ ( وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ) كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَآيَةٌ لَهُمُ الْأَرْضُ الْمَيْتَةُ أَحْيَيْنَاهَا وَأَخْرَجْنَا مِنْهَا حَبًّا فَمِنْهُ يَأْكُلُونَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا جَنَّاتٍ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ وَفَجَّرْنَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْعُيُونِ لِيَأْكُلُوا مِنْ ثَمَرِهِ وَمَا عَمِلَتْهُ أَيْدِيهِمْ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ سُبْحَانَ الذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ وَمِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَمِمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ ) [ يس : 33 - 36 ] ( وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ ) أَيْ : عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ أَشْكَالِهَا وَأَلْوَانِهَا وَمَنَافِعِهَا وَصِغَرِهَا وَكِبَرِهَا ، وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ وَيَرْزُقُهُ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ ) [ هُودٍ : 6 ] ( وَتَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ ) أَيْ : تَارَةً تَأْتِي بِالرَّحْمَةِ وَتَارَةً تَأْتِي بِالْعَذَابِ ، تَارَةً تَأْتِي مُبَشِّرَةً بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّحَابِ ، وَتَارَةً تَسُوقُهُ ، وَتَارَةً تُجَمِّعُهُ ، وَتَارَةً تُفَرِّقُهُ ، وَتَارَةً تُصَرِّفُهُ ، [ ثُمَّ تَارَةً تَأْتِي مِنَ الْجَنُوبِ وَهِيَ الشَّامِيَّةُ ، وَتَارَةً تَأْتِي مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْيَمَنِ وَتَارَةً صَبَا ، وَهِيَ الشَّرْقِيَّةُ التِي تَصْدِمُ وَجْهَ الْكَعْبَةِ ، وَتَارَةً دَبُورٌ وَهِيَ غَرْبِيَّةٌ تَفِدُ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ دُبُرِ الْكَعْبَةِ ، وَالرِّيَاحُ تُسَمَّى كُلَّهَا بِحَسْبَ مُرُورِهَا عَلَى الْكَعْبَةِ . وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ النَّاسُ فِي الرِّيَاحِ وَالْمَطَرِ وَالْأَنْوَاءِ كُتُبًا كَثِيرَةً فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِلُغَاتِهَا وَأَحْكَامِهَا ، وَبَسْطُ ذَلِكَ يَطُولُ هَاهُنَا ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ] . ( وَالسَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ) [ أَيْ : سَائِرٌ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ] يُسَخَّرُ إِلَى مَا يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْأَرَاضِي وَالْأَمَاكِنِ ، كَمَا يُصَرِّفُهُ تَعَالَى : ( لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ) أَيْ : فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ دَلَالَاتٌ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى وَحْدَانِيَّةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَذَا بَاطِلًا سُبْحَانَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 190 ، 191 ] . وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الدَّشْتَكِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : أَتَتْ قُرَيْشٌ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا : يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّمَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَنَا الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا ، فَنَشْتَرِيَ بِهِ الْخَيْلَ وَالسِّلَاحَ ، فَنُؤْمِنَ بِكَ وَنُقَاتِلَ مَعَكَ . قَالَ : " أَوْثِقُوا لِي لَئِنْ دَعَوْتُ رَبِّي فَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِي " فَأَوْثَقُوا لَهُ ، فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ ، فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ : إِنَّ رَبَّكَ قَدْ أَعْطَاهُمُ الصَّفَا ذَهَبًا عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِكَ عَذَّبَهُمْ عَذَابًا لَمْ يُعَذِّبْهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ . قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " رَبِّ لَا ، بَلْ دَعْنِي وَقَوْمِي فَلَأَدْعُهُمْ يَوْمًا بِيَوْمٍ " . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ التِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ ) الْآيَةَ .[ ص: 476 ] <br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُغِيرَةِ ، بِهِ . وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ : وَكَيْفَ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الصَّفَا وَهُمْ يَرَوْنَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ مَا هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الصَّفَا . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا شِبْلٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، قَالَ : نَزَلَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ : ( وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ ) فَقَالَ كَفَّارُ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ : كَيْفَ يَسَعُ النَّاسَ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَالْفُلْكِ التِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِمَا يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ ) <br /> فَبِهَذَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ ، وَأَنَّهُ إِلَهُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَخَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : ( وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ، قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ : إِنْ كَانَ هَكَذَا فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِآيَةٍ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ:(يَعْقِلُونَ) <br /> وَرَوَاهُ آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ هُوَ الرَّازِيُّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ ، وَالدِ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى ، بِهِ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">106</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><br /> (وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَتَّخِذُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْدَادًا يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذَابِ ( 165 ) إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ( 166 ) وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ ( 167 ) </span></span><br /> يُذْكُرُ تَعَالَى حَالَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُمْ فِي الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ ، حَيْثُ جَعَلُوا [ لَهُ ] أَنْدَادًا ، أَيْ : أَمْثَالًا وَنُظَرَاءَ يَعْبُدُونَهُمْ مَعَهُ وَيُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّهِ ، وَهُوَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، وَلَا ضِدَّ لَهُ وَلَا نِدَّ لَهُ ، وَلَا شَرِيكَ مَعَهُ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ أَعْظَمُ ؟ قَالَ : " أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِلَّهِ ) وَلِحُبِّهِمْ لِلَّهِ وَتَمَامِ مَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِهِ ، وَتَوْقِيرِهِمْ وَتَوْحِيدِهِمْ لَهُ ، لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، بَلْ يَعْبُدُونَهُ وَحْدَهُ وَيَتَوَكَّلُونَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَيَلْجَئُونَ فِي جَمِيعِ أُمُورِهِمْ إِلَيْهِ . ثُمَّ تَوَعَّدَ تَعَالَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ ، الظَّالِمِينَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ : ( وَلَوْ يَرَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ يَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا )<span style="font-size: large;">[ ص: 477 ] </span><br /> قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : تَقْدِيرُ الْكَلَامِ : لَوْ عَايَنُوا الْعَذَابَ لَعَلِمُوا حِينَئِذٍ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا ، أَيْ : إِنَّ الْحُكْمَ لَهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، وَأَنَّ جَمِيعَ الْأَشْيَاءِ تَحْتَ قَهْرِهِ وَغَلَبَتِهِ وَسُلْطَانِهِ ( وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعَذَابِ ) كَمَا قَالَ : ( فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ ) [ الْفَجْرِ : 25 ، 26 ] يَقُولُ : لَوْ عَلِمُوا مَا يُعَايِنُونَهُ هُنَالِكَ ، وَمَا يَحِلُّ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْفَظِيعِ الْمُنْكَرِ الْهَائِلِ عَلَى شِرْكِهِمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ ، لَانْتَهَوْا عَمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الضَّلَالِ . <br /> ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ عَنْ كُفْرِهِمْ بِأَوْثَانِهِمْ وَتَبَرُّؤِ الْمَتْبُوعِينَ مِنَ التَّابِعَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ : ( إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا [ وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ] ) تَبَرَّأَتْ مِنْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَهُمْ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا ، فَتَقُولُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ : ( تَبَرَّأْنَا إِلَيْكَ مَا كَانُوا إِيَّانَا يَعْبُدُونَ ) [ الْقَصَصِ : 63 ] وَيَقُولُونَ : ( سُبْحَانَكَ أَنْتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِنْ دُونِهِمْ بَلْ كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ الْجِنَّ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِهِمْ مُؤْمِنُونَ ) [ سَبَأٍ : 41 ] وَالْجِنُّ أَيْضًا تَتَبَرَّأُ مِنْهُمْ ، وَيَتَنَصَّلُونَ مِنْ عِبَادَتِهِمْ لَهُمْ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَنْ دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ ) [ الْأَحْقَافِ : 5 ، 6 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَاتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ آلِهَةً لِيَكُونُوا لَهُمْ عِزًّا كَلَّا سَيَكْفُرُونَ بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدًّا ) [ مَرْيَمَ : 81 ، 82 ] وَقَالَ الْخَلِيلُ لِقَوْمِهِ : ( إِنَّمَا اتَّخَذْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا مَوَدَّةَ بَيْنِكُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَيَلْعَنُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا وَمَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ ) [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ : 25 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الظَّالِمُونَ مَوْقُوفُونَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يَرْجِعُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْقَوْلِ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا لَوْلَا أَنْتُمْ لَكُنَّا مُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا أَنَحْنُ صَدَدْنَاكُمْ عَنِ الْهُدَى بَعْدَ إِذْ جَاءَكُمْ بَلْ كُنْتُمْ مُجْرِمِينَ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا بَلْ مَكْرُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذْ تَأْمُرُونَنَا أَنْ نَكْفُرَ بِاللَّهِ وَنَجْعَلَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا وَأَسَرُّوا النَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَجَعَلْنَا الْأَغْلَالَ فِي أَعْنَاقِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ) [ سَبَأٍ : 31 - 33 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 22 ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ) أَيْ : عَايَنُوا عَذَابَ اللَّهِ ، وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْحِيَلُ وَأَسْبَابُ الْخَلَاصِ وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عَنِ النَّارِ مَعْدِلًا وَلَا مَصْرِفًا . <br /> قَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ) قَالَ : الْمَوَدَّةُ . وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا ) أَيْ : لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا عَوْدَةً إِلَى [ ص: 478 ] الدَّارِ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى نَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ وَمِنْ عِبَادَتِهِمْ ، فَلَا نَلْتَفِتُ إِلَيْهِمْ ، بَلْ نُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ بِالْعِبَادَةِ . وَهُمْ كَاذِبُونَ فِي هَذَا ، بَلْ لَوْ رُدُّوا لَعَادُوا لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ . كَمَا أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ بِذَلِكَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ ) أَيْ : تَذْهَبُ وَتَضْمَحِلُّ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَدِمْنَا إِلَى مَا عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ هَبَاءً مَنْثُورًا ) [ الْفُرْقَانِ : 23 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ) الْآيَةَ [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 18 ] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَسَرَابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ مَاءً ) الْآيَةَ [ النُّورِ : 39 ] ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ ) <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;">107</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;"><br /> ( يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ ( 168 ) إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ( 169 ) </span></span><br /> لَمَّا بَيَّنَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، وَأَنَّهُ الْمُسْتَقِلُّ بِالْخَلْقِ ، شَرَعَ يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّهُ الرَّزَّاقُ لِجَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ ، فَذَكَرَ [ ذَلِكَ ] فِي مَقَامِ الِامْتِنَانِ أَنَّهُ أَبَاحَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ فِي حَالِ كَوْنِهِ حَلَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ طَيِّبًا ، أَيْ : مُسْتَطَابًا فِي نَفْسِهِ غَيْرَ ضَارٍّ لِلْأَبْدَانِ وَلَا لِلْعُقُولِ ، وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ اتِّبَاعِ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ، وَهِيَ : طَرَائِقُهُ وَمَسَالِكُهُ فِيمَا أَضَلَّ أَتْبَاعَهُ فِيهِ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ الْبَحَائِرِ وَالسَّوَائِبِ وَالْوَصَائِلِ وَنَحْوِهَا مِمَّا زَيَّنَهُ لَهُمْ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِمْ ، كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ الذِي فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : إِنَّ كُلَّ مَا أَمْنَحُهُ عِبَادِي فَهُوَ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ " وَفِيهِ : " وَإِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ فَجَاءَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ ، وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ " <br /> وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ شَيْبَةَ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الِاحْتِيَاطِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجُوزَجَانِيُّ رَفِيقُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَدْهَمَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : تُلَيَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا ) فَقَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي مُسْتَجَابَ الدَّعْوَةِ ، فَقَالَ . " يَا سَعْدُ ، أَطِبْ مَطْعَمَكَ تَكُنْ مُسْتَجَابَ الدَّعْوَةِ ، وَالذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ ، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَقْذِفُ اللُّقْمَةَ الْحَرَامَ فِي جَوْفِهِ مَا يُتَقَبَّلُ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا ، وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ نَبَتَ لَحْمُهُ مِنَ السُّحْتِ وَالرِّبَا فَالنَّارُ أَوْلَى بِهِ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ ) تَنْفِيرٌ عَنْهُ وَتَحْذِيرٌ مِنْهُ ، كَمَا قَالَ : ( إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ فَاتَّخِذُوهُ عَدُوًّا إِنَّمَا يَدْعُو حِزْبَهُ لِيَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ ) [ فَاطِرٍ : 6 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِي وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا ) [ الْكَهْفِ : 50 ][ ص: 479 ] <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ) كُلُّ مَعْصِيَةٍ لِلَّهِ فَهِيَ مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ . <br />وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ : هِيَ نَزَغَاتُ الشَّيْطَانِ ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : خُطَاهُ ، أَوْ قَالَ : خَطَايَاهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ : هِيَ النُّذُورُ فِي الْمَعَاصِي . <br /> وَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ : نَذَرَ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ ابْنَهُ فَأَفْتَاهُ مَسْرُوقٌ بِذَبْحِ كَبْشٍ . وَقَالَ : هَذَا مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو الضُّحَى ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ : أَتَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ بِضَرْعٍ وَمِلْحٍ ، فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ ، فَاعْتَزَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ : نَاوِلُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ . فَقَالَ : لَا أُرِيدُهُ . فَقَالَ : أَصَائِمٌ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : لَا . قَالَ : فَمَا شَأْنُكَ ؟ قَالَ : حَرَّمْتُ أَنْ آكُلَ ضَرْعًا أَبَدًا . فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ : هَذَا مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ، فَاطْعَمْ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ . <br /> رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، وَقَالَ أَيْضًا : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ، قَالَ : غَضِبْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِي ، فَقَالَتْ : هِيَ يَوْمًا يَهُودِيَّةٌ وَيَوْمًا نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ ، وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهَا حُرٌّ ، إِنْ لَمْ تُطْلِّقِ امْرَأَتَكَ . فَأَتَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ . وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، وَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَفْقَهُ امْرَأَةٍ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ . وَأَتَيْتُ عَاصِمًا وَابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : مَا كَانَ مِنْ يَمِينٍ أَوْ نَذْرٍ فِي غَضَبٍ ، فَهُوَ مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ، وَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ . <br /> [ وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَادَةُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِغُلَامِهِ : إِنْ لَمْ أَجْلِدْكَ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ فَامْرَأَتُهُ طَالِقٌ ، قَالَ : لَا يَجْلِدُ غُلَامَهُ ، وَلَا تُطَلَّقُ امْرَأَتُهُ ، هَذَا مِنْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالسُّوءِ وَالْفَحْشَاءِ وَأَنْ تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ) أَيْ : إِنَّمَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ عَدُوُّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِالْأَفْعَالِ السَّيِّئَةِ ، وَأَغْلَظُ مِنْهَا الْفَاحِشَةُ كَالزِّنَا وَنَحْوَهُ ، وَأَغْلَظُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِلَا عِلْمٍ ، فَيَدْخُلُ فِي هَذَا كُلُّ كَافِرٍ وَكُلُّ مُبْتَدِعٍ أَيْضًا . <br /><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><span style="color: white;">108</span></span><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><span style="color: white;"><br />[ ص: 480]( وإذا قيل لهم اتبعوا ما أنزل الله قالوا بل نتبع ما ألفينا عليه آباءنا أولو كان آباؤهم لا يعقلون شيئا ولا يهتدون ( 170 ) ومثل الذين كفروا كمثل الذي ينعق بما لا يسمع إلا دعاء ونداء صم بكم عمي فهم لا يعقلون ( 171 ) </span></span> <br /> يقول تعالى : ( وإذا قيل ) لهؤلاء الكفرة من المشركين : ( اتبعوا ما أنزل الله ) على رسوله ، واتركوا ما أنتم فيه من الضلال والجهل ، قالوا في جواب ذلك : ( بل نتبع ما ألفينا ) أي : وجدنا ( عليه آباءنا ) أي : من عبادة الأصنام والأنداد . قال الله تعالى منكرا عليهم : ( أولو كان آباؤهم ) أي : الذين يقتدون بهم ويقتفون أثرهم ( لا يعقلون شيئا ولا يهتدون ) أي : ليس لهم فهم ولا هداية ! ! . <br /> وروى ابن إسحاق عن محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : أنها نزلت في طائفة من اليهود ، دعاهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى الإسلام ، فقالوا : بل نتبع ما ألفينا عليه آباءنا . فأنزل الله هذه الآية . <br /> ثم ضرب لهم تعالى مثلا كما قال تعالى : ( للذين لا يؤمنون بالآخرة مثل السوء ) [ النحل : 60 ] فقال : (ومثل الذين كفروا) أي : فيما هم فيه من الغي والضلال والجهل كالدواب السارحة التي لا تفقه ما يقال لها ، بل إذا نعق بها راعيها ، أي : دعاها إلى ما يرشدها ، لا تفقه ما يقول ولا تفهمه ، بل إنما تسمع صوته فقط . <br /> هكذا روي عن ابن عباس ، وأبي العالية ، ومجاهد ، وعكرمة ، وعطاء ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، وعطاء الخراساني والربيع بن أنس ، نحو هذا . <br /> وقيل : إنما هذا مثل ضرب لهم في دعائهم الأصنام التي لا تسمع ولا تبصر ولا تعقل شيئا ، اختاره ابن جرير ، والأول أولى ; لأن الأصنام لا تسمع شيئا ولا تعقله ولا تبصره ، ولا بطش لها ولا حياة فيها . وقوله : ( صم بكم عمي ) أي : صم عن سماع الحق ، بكم لا يتفوهون به ، عمي عن رؤية طريقه ومسلكه ( فهم لا يعقلون ) أي : لا يعقلون شيئا ولا يفهمونه ، كما قال تعالى : ( والذين كذبوا بآياتنا صم وبكم في الظلمات من يشأ الله يضلله ومن يشأ يجعله على صراط مستقيم ) [الأنعام : 39 ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;">109</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;"><br /> ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ ( 172 ) إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( 173 ) </span></span><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى آمِرًا عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْأَكْلِ مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقَهُمْ تَعَالَى ، وَأَنْ يَشْكُرُوهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، إِنْ كَانُوا عَبِيدَهُ ، وَالْأَكْلُ مِنَ الْحَلَالِ سَبَبٌ لِتَقَبُّلِ الدُّعَاءِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ ، كَمَا أَنَّ الْأَكْلَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ يَمْنَعُ قَبُولَ الدُّعَاءِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ [ ص: 481 ] قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ طَيِّبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ إِلَّا طَيَّبًا ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ، فَقَالَ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحٍا إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ ) [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ : 51 ] وَقَالَ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ ) ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الرَّجُلَ يُطِيلُ السَّفَرَ أَشْعَثَ أَغْبَرَ ، يَمُدُّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ : يَا رَبِّ ، يَا رَبِّ ، وَمَطْعَمُهُ حَرَامٌ ، وَمَشْرَبُهُ حَرَامٌ ، وَمَلْبَسُهُ حَرَامٌ ، وَغُذِّيَ بِالْحَرَامِ ، فَأَنَّى يُسْتَجَابُ لِذَلِكَ " . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ [ فُضَيْلِ ] بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ . وَلَمَّا امْتَنَّ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ بِرِزْقِهِ ، وَأَرْشَدَهُمْ إِلَى الْأَكْلِ مِنْ طَيِّبِهِ ، ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا الْمِيتَةَ ، وَهِيَ التِي تَمُوتُ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ تَذْكِيَةٍ ، وَسَوَاءً كَانَتْ مُنْخَنِقَةً أَوْ مَوْقُوذَةً أَوْ مُتَرَدِّيَةً أَوْ نَطِيحَةً أَوْ قَدْ عَدَا عَلَيْهَا السَّبُعَ . <br /> وَقَدْ خَصَّصَ الْجُمْهُورُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَيْتَةَ الْبَحْرِ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 96 ] عَلَى مَا سَيَأْتِي ، وَحَدِيثُ الْعَنْبَرِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ، وَفِي الْمُسْنَدِ وَالْمُوَطَّأِ وَالسُّنَنِ قَوْلُهُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فِي الْبَحْرِ : " هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ " وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا : " أُحِلَّ لَنَا مَيْتَتَانِ وَدَمَانِ : السَّمَكُ وَالْجَرَادُ ، وَالْكَبِدُ وَالطِّحَالُ " وَسَيَأْتِي تَقْرِيرُ ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ . <br /> وَلَبَنُ الْمَيْتَةِ وَبَيْضُهَا الْمُتَّصِلُ بِهَا نَجِسٌ عِنْدَ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ ; لِأَنَّهُ جُزْءٌ مِنْهَا . وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رِوَايَةٍ : هُوَ طَاهِرٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَنْجُسُ بِالْمُجَاوَرَةِ ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَنْفِحَةُ الْمَيْتَةِ فِيهَا الْخِلَافُ وَالْمَشْهُورُ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّهَا نَجِسَةٌ ، وَقَدْ أَوْرَدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَكْلَ الصَّحَابَةِ مِنْ جُبْنِ الْمَجُوسِ ، فَقَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ هَاهُنَا : يُخَالِطُ اللَّبَنَ مِنْهَا يَسِيرٌ ، وَيُعْفَى عَنْ قَلِيلِ النَّجَاسَةِ إِذَا خَالَطَ الْكَثِيرَ مِنَ الْمَائِعِ . وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَيْفِ بْنِ هَارُونَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ السَّمْنِ وَالْجُبْنِ وَالْفِرَاءِ ، فَقَالَ : " الْحَلَالُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ، وَالْحَرَامُ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ، وَمَا سَكَتَ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ مِمَّا عَفَا عَنْهُ " . <br /> وَكَذَلِكَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ ، سَوَاءٌ ذُكِّيَ أَوْ مَاتَ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهِ ، وَيَدْخُلُ شَحْمُهُ فِي حُكْمِ لَحْمِهِ إِمَّا تَغْلِيبًا أَوْ أَنَّ اللَّحْمَ يَشْمَلُ ذَلِكَ ، أَوْ بِطَرِيقِ الْقِيَاسِ عَلَى رَأْيٍ . وَ [ كَذَلِكَ ] حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ ، وَهُوَ مَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى غَيْرِ اسْمِهِ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْأَنْصَابِ وَالْأَنْدَادِ وَالْأَزْلَامِ ، وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ [ ص: 482 ] مِمَّا كَانَتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةُ يَنْحَرُونَ لَهُ . [ وَذَكَرَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَطِيَّةَ أَنَّهُ نَقَلَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ عَمِلَتْ عُرْسًا لِلَعِبِهَا فَنَحَرَتْ فِيهِ جَزُورًا فَقَالَ : لَا تُؤَكَّلُ لِأَنَّهَا ذُبِحَتْ لِصَنَمٍ ; وَأَوْرَدَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا سُئِلَتْ عَمَّا يَذْبَحُهُ الْعَجَمُ فِي أَعْيَادِهِمْ فَيُهْدُونَ مِنْهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَقَالَتْ : مَا ذُبِحَ لِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَلَا تَأْكُلُوهُ ، وَكُلُوا مِنْ أَشْجَارِهِمْ ] . ثُمَّ أَبَاحَ تَعَالَى تَنَاوُلَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ الضَّرُورَةِ وَالِاحْتِيَاجِ إِلَيْهَا ، عِنْدَ فَقْدِ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ ، فَقَالَ : ( فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ ) أَيْ : فِي غَيْرِ بَغْيٍ وَلَا عُدْوَانٍ ، وَهُوَ مُجَاوَزَةُ الْحَدِّ ( فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ) أَيْ : فِي أَكْلِ ذَلِكَ ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ) <br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ ، قَاطِعًا لِلسَّبِيلِ ، أَوْ مُفَارِقًا لِلْأَئِمَّةِ ، أَوْ خَارِجًا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، فَلَهُ الرُّخْصَةُ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بَاغِيًا أَوْ عَادِيًا أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَلَا رُخْصَةَ لَهُ ، وَإِنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ ، وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ : غَيْرَ بَاغٍ : يَعْنِي غَيْرَ مُسْتَحِلِّهِ . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : غَيْرَ بَاغٍ يَبْتَغِي فِيهِ شَهْوَتَهُ ، وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( غَيْرَ بَاغٍ ) [ قَالَ ] لَا يَشْوِي مِنَ الْمِيتَةِ لِيَشْتَهِيَهُ وَلَا يَطْبُخُهُ ، وَلَا يَأْكُلُ إِلَّا الْعَلَقَةَ ، وَيَحْمِلُ مَعَهُ مَا يُبَلِّغُهُ الْحَلَالَ ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَهُ أَلْقَاهُ [ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَا عَادٍ ) يَقُولُ : لَا يَعْدُو بِهِ الْحَلَالَ ] . <br /> وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : لَا يَشْبَعُ مِنْهَا . وَفَسَّرَهُ السُّدِّيُّ بِالْعُدْوَانِ . وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ( غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ ) قَالَ : ( غَيْرَ بَاغٍ ) فِي الْمَيْتَةِ ( وَلَا عَادٍ ) فِي أَكْلِهِ . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فِي أَكْلِهِ : أَنْ يَتَعَدَّى حَلَالًا إِلَى حَرَامٍ ، وَهُوَ يَجِدُ عَنْهُ مَنْدُوحَةً . <br /> وَحَكَى الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ ) أَيْ : أُكْرِهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ اخْتِيَارِهِ . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : ذَكَرَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ إِذَا وَجَدَ الْمُضْطَرُّ مَيْتَةً وَطَعَامَ الْغَيْرِ بِحَيْثُ لَا قَطْعَ فِيهِ وَلَا أَذًى ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَكْلُ الْمَيْتَةِ بَلْ يَأْكُلُ طَعَامَ الْغَيْرِ بِلَا خِلَافٍ . كَذَا قَالَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَإِذَا أَكَلَهُ ، وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ ، هَلْ يَضْمَنُهُ أَمْ لَا ؟ فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ هُمَا رِوَايَتَانِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ مِنْ سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي وَحْشِيَّةَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبَّادَ بْنَ الْعَنْزِيِّ قَالَ : أَصَابَتْنَا عَامًا مَخْمَصَةٌ ، فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ . فَأَتَيْتُ حَائِطًا ، فَأَخَذْتُ سُنْبُلًا فَفَرَكْتُهُ وَأَكَلْتُهُ ، وَجَعَلْتُ مِنْهُ فِي كِسَائِي ، فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الْحَائِطِ فَضَرَبَنِي وَأَخَذَ ثَوْبِي ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ : " مَا أَطْعَمْتَهُ إِذْ كَانَ جَائِعًا أَوْ سَاعِيًا ، وَلَا عَلَّمْتَهُ إِذْ كَانَ جَاهِلَا " . فَأَمَرَهُ فَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِ ثَوْبَهُ ، وَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِوَسْقٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ نِصْفِ وَسْقٍ ، إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ قَوِيٌّ جَيِّدٌ وَلَهُ شَوَاهِدُ كَثِيرَةٌ : مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ : سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ ، فَقَالَ : " مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ بِفِيهِ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ" الْحَدِيث[ ص: 483 ] <br /> وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ فِي قَوْلِهِ :(فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ) فِيمَا أَكَلَ مِنَ اضْطِرَارٍ،وَبَلَغَنَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُزَادُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ لُقَمٍ <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : غَفُورٌ لِمَا أَكَلَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ . رَحِيمٌ إِذْ أَحَلَّ لَهُ الْحَرَامَ فِي الِاضْطِرَارِ . <br /> وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ : حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ : مَنِ اضْطُرَّ فَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ دَخَلَ النَّارَ . <br /> [ وَهَذَا يَقْتَضِي أَنَّ أَكْلَ الْمَيْتَةِ لِلْمُضْطَرِّ عَزِيمَةٌ لَا رُخْصَةٌ . قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّبَرِيُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْكَيَا الْهَرَّاسِيِّ رَفِيقُ الْغَزَّالِيِّ فِي الِاشْتِغَالِ : وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ عِنْدَنَا ; كَالْإِفْطَارِ لِلْمَرِيضِ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #7f6000;">110</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #7f6000;"><br /> ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَشْتَرُونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ إِلَّا النَّارَ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( 174 ) أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى وَالْعَذَابَ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ ( 175 ) ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ ( 176 ) </span></span><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ ) [ مِمَّا يُشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالرِّسَالَةِ ] ( مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ ) يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ الَّذِينَ كَتَمُوا صِفَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي كُتُبِهِمُ التِي بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ، مِمَّا تَشْهَدُ لَهُ بِالرِّسَالَةِ وَالنُّبُوَّةِ ، فَكَتَمُوا ذَلِكَ لِئَلَّا تَذْهَبَ رِيَاسَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَهُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مِنَ الْهَدَايَا وَالتُّحَفِ عَلَى تَعْظِيمِهِمْ إِيَّاهُمْ ، فَخَشُوا لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِنْ أَظْهَرُوا ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتَّبِعَهُ النَّاسُ وَيَتْرُكُوهُمْ ، فَكَتَمُوا ذَلِكَ إِبْقَاءً عَلَى مَا كَانَ يَحْصُلُ لَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ نَزْرٌ يَسِيرٌ ، فَبَاعُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ ، وَاعْتَاضُوا عَنِ الْهُدَى وَاتِّبَاعِ الْحَقِّ وَتَصْدِيقِ الرَّسُولِ وَالْإِيمَانِ بِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ اللَّهِ بِذَلِكَ النَّزْرِ الْيَسِيرِ ، فَخَابُوا وَخَسِرُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ; أَمَّا فِي الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَظْهَرَ لِعِبَادِهِ صِدْقَ رَسُولِهِ ، بِمَا نَصَبَهُ وَجَعَلَهُ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الظَّاهِرَاتِ وَالدَّلَائِلِ الْقَاطِعَاتِ ، فَصَدَّقَهُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَتَّبِعُوهُ ، وَصَارُوا عَوْنًا لَهُ عَلَى قِتَالِهِمْ ، وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ ، وَذَمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ . مِنْ ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَشْتَرُونَ بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ) وَهُوَ عَرَضُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ( أُولَئِكَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ إِلَّا النَّارَ ) أَيْ : إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ مَا يَأْكُلُونَهُ فِي مُقَابَلَةِ كِتْمَانِ الْحَقِّ نَارًا تَأَجَّجُ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ . كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 10 ] وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " الَّذِي يَأْكُلُ أَوْ يَشْرَبُ فِي آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ [ ص: 484 ] وَالْفِضَّةِ ، إِنَّمَا يُجَرْجِرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ :(وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ) وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ غَضْبَانُ عَلَيْهِمْ ، لِأَنَّهُمْ كَتَمُوا وَقَدْ عَلِمُوا ، فَاسْتَحَقُّوا الْغَضَبَ ، فَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ ، أَيْ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَمْدَحُهُمْ بَلْ يُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا . <br /> وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ هَاهُنَا [ الْحَدِيثَ الذِي رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ ] حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ ، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ [ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ] شَيْخٌ زَانٍ ، وَمَلِكٌ كَذَّابٌ ، وَعَائِلٌ مُسْتَكْبِرٌ " . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَنْهُمْ : ( أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى ) أَيِ : اعْتَاضُوا عَنِ الْهُدَى ، وَهُوَ نَشْرُ مَا فِي كُتُبِهِمْ مِنْ صِفَةِ الرَّسُولِ وَذِكْرِ مَبْعَثِهِ وَالْبِشَارَةِ بِهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَاتِّبَاعِهِ وَتَصْدِيقِهِ ، اسْتَبْدَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَاعْتَاضُوا عَنْهُ بِالضَّلَالَةِ ، وَهُوَ تَكْذِيبُهُ وَالْكُفْرُ بِهِ وَكِتْمَانُ صِفَاتِهِ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ ( وَالْعَذَابَ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ ) أَيِ : اعْتَاضُوا عَنِ الْمَغْفِرَةِ بِالْعَذَابِ وَهُوَ مَا تَعَاطَوْهُ مِنْ أَسْبَابِهِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ ) يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُمْ فِي عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ عَظِيمٍ هَائِلٍ ، يَتَعَجَّبُ مَنْ رَآهُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ صَبْرِهِمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ، مَعَ شِدَّةِ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ، وَالنَّكَالِ ، وَالْأَغْلَالِ عِيَاذًا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . <br /> [ وَقِيلَ مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ ) أَيْ : مَا أَدْوَمَهُمْ لِعَمَلِ الْمَعَاصِي التِي تُفْضِي بِهِمْ إِلَى النَّارِ ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ ) أَيْ : إِنَّمَا اسْتَحَقُّوا هَذَا الْعَذَابَ الشَّدِيدَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلَهُ كُتُبَهُ بِتَحْقِيقِ الْحَقِّ وَإِبْطَالِ الْبَاطِلِ ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ اتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ، فَكِتَابُهُمْ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِإِظْهَارِ الْعِلْمِ وَنَشْرِهِ ، فَخَالَفُوهُ وَكَذَّبُوهُ . وَهَذَا الرَّسُولُ الْخَاتَمُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، وَيَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ، وَهُمْ يُكَذِّبُونَهُ وَيُخَالِفُونَهُ وَيَجْحَدُونَهُ ، وَيَكْتُمُونَ صِفَتَهُ ، فَاسْتَهْزَأُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَزَّلَةِ عَلَى رُسُلِهِ ; فَلِهَذَا اسْتَحَقُّوا الْعَذَابَ وَالنَّكَالَ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ ) . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">111</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br />[ص:485]( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَالسَّائِلِينَ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ ( 177 ) </span></span><br /> اشْتَمَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ ، عَلَى جُمَلٍ عَظِيمَةٍ ، وَقَوَاعِدَ عَمِيمَةٍ ، وَعَقِيدَةٍ مُسْتَقِيمَةٍ ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ الْحَلَبِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ شُفَيٍّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ : أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا الْإِيمَانُ ؟ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهِ : ( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ . قَالَ : ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ أَيْضًا ، فَتَلَاهَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ . فَقَالَ : " إِذَا عَمِلْتَ حَسَنَةً أَحَبَّهَا قَلْبُكَ ، وَإِذَا عَمِلْتَ سَيِّئَةً أَبْغَضَهَا قَلْبُكَ " . <br /> وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ ; فَإِنَّ مُجَاهِدًا لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَبَا ذَرٍّ ; فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ قَدِيمًا . <br /> وَقَالَ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، فَقَالَ : مَا الْإِيمَانُ ؟ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : ( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ ) حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا . فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ : لَيْسَ عَنِ الْبَرِّ سَأَلْتُكَ . فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَرْضَى كَمَا أَبَيْتَ [أَنْتَ] أَنْ تَرْضَى فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ : " الْمُؤْمِنُ إِذَا عَمِلَ حَسَنَةً سَرَّتْهُ وَرَجَا ثَوَابَهَا ، وَإِذَا عَمِلَ سَيِّئَةً أَحْزَنَتْهُ وَخَافَ عِقَابَهَا " . <br /> رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُنْقَطِعٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَأَمَّا الْكَلَامُ عَلَى تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوَّلًا بِالتَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ، ثُمَّ حَوَّلَهُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ ، شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى نُفُوسِ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَبَعْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَيَانَ حِكْمَتِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ طَاعَةُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَامْتِثَالُ أَوَامِرِهِ ، وَالتَّوَجُّهُ حَيْثُمَا وَجَّهَ ، وَاتِّبَاعُ مَا شَرَعَ ، فَهَذَا هُوَ الْبِرُّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَالْإِيمَانُ الْكَامِلُ ، وَلَيْسَ فِي لُزُومِ التَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى جِهَةٍ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ بِرٌّ وَلَا طَاعَةٌ ، إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَشَرْعِهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ) الْآيَةَ ، كَمَا قَالَ فِي الْأَضَاحِيِّ وَالْهَدَايَا : ( لَنْ يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا دِمَاؤُهَا وَلَكِنْ يَنَالُهُ التَّقْوَى مِنْكُمْ )[الْحَجِّ : 37] <br /> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : لَيْسَ الْبَرَّ أَنْ تُصَلُّوا وَلَا تَعْمَلُوا . فَهَذَا حِينَ تَحَوَّلَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَنَزَلَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالْحُدُودُ ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِالْفَرَائِضِ وَالْعَمَلِ بِهَا[ ص: 486] <br /> وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ وَمُقَاتِلٍ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تُقْبِلُ قِبَلَ الْمَغْرِبِ ، وَكَانَتِ النَّصَارَى تُقْبِلُ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ ) يَقُولُ : هَذَا كَلَامُ الْإِيمَانِ وَحَقِيقَتُهُ الْعَمَلُ . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ مِثْلُهُ . <br />وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي الْقُلُوبِ مِنْ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . <br />وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ وَالتَّقْوَى أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْفَرَائِضَ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا . <br /> وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ : ( وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ ) الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ : هَذِهِ أَنْوَاعُ الْبِرِّ كُلُّهَا . وَصَدَقَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ; فَإِنَّ مَنِ اتَّصَفَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، فَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ كُلِّهَا ، وَأَخَذَ بِمَجَامِعِ الْخَيْرِ كُلِّهِ ، وَهُوَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ ، وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ، وَصَدَّقَ بِوُجُودِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ سَفَرَةٌ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ) وَالْكِتَابِ ) وَهُوَ اسْمُ جِنْسٍ يَشْمَلُ الْكُتُبَ الْمُنَزَّلَةَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، حَتَّى خُتِمَتْ بِأَشْرَفِهَا ، وَهُوَ الْقُرْآنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ عَلَى مَا قَبْلَهُ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ ، الذِي انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ خَيْرٍ ، وَاشْتَمَلَ عَلَى كُلِّ سَعَادَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ، وَنَسَخَ [ اللَّهُ ] بِهِ كُلَّ مَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ قَبْلَهُ ، وَآمَنَ بِأَنْبِيَاءِ اللَّهِ كُلِّهِمْ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِمْ إِلَى خَاتَمِهِمْ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ) أَيْ : أَخْرَجَهُ ، وَهُوَ مُحِبٌّ لَهُ ، رَاغِبٌ فِيهِ . نَصَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا : " أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ أَنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَأَنْتَ صَحِيحٌ شَحِيحٌ ، تَأْمُلُ الْغِنَى ، وَتَخْشَى الْفَقْرَ " . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَالثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ) أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ وَأَنْتَ صَحِيحٌ شَحِيحٌ ، تَأْمُلُ الْغِنَى وَتَخْشَى الْفَقْرَ " . ثُمَّ قَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ، وَسُفْيَانَ عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، مَوْقُوفًا ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنْكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلَا شُكُورًا)[الْإِنْسَانِ : 8 ، 9 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 92 ] وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ) [ الْحَشْرِ : 9 ] نَمَطٌ آخَرُ أَرْفَعُ مِنْ هَذَا [ وَمِنْ هَذَا ] وَهُوَ أَنَّهُمْ آثَرُوا بِمَا هُمْ مُضْطَرُّونَ إِلَيْهِ ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ أَعْطَوْا وَأَطْعَمُوا مَا هُمْ مُحِبُّونَ لَهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى ) وَهُمْ : قَرَابَاتُ الرَّجُلِ ، وَهُمْ أَوْلَى مَنْ أَعْطَى مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي [ ص: 487 ] الْحَدِيثِ : " الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْمَسَاكِينِ صَدَقَةٌ ، وَعَلَى ذَوِي الرَّحِمِ ثِنْتَانِ : صَدَقَةٌ وَصِلَةٌ " . فَهُمْ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِكَ وَبِبِرِّكَ وَإِعْطَائِكَ . وَقَدْ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي غَيْرِ مَا مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ الْعَزِيزِ . <br /> ( وَالْيَتَامَى ) هُمُ : الَّذِينَ لَا كَاسِبَ لَهُمْ ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ آبَاؤُهُمْ وَهُمْ ضُعَفَاءُ صِغَارٌ دُونَ الْبُلُوغِ وَالْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى التَّكَسُّبِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ جُوَيْبِرٍ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ ، عَنِ النَّزَّالِ بْنِ سَبْرَةَ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ حُلُمٍ " . <br /> ( وَالْمَسَاكِينَ ) وَهُمُ : الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يَكْفِيهِمْ فِي قُوتِهِمْ وَكِسْوَتِهِمْ وَسُكْنَاهُمْ ، فَيُعْطُونَ مَا تُسَدُّ بِهِ حَاجَتُهُمْ وَخَلَّتُهُمْ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ بِهَذَا الطَّوَّافِ الذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ وَاللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ ، وَلَكِنَّ الْمِسْكِينَ الذِي لَا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغْنِيهِ ، وَلَا يُفْطَنُ لَهُ فَيُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ . <br /> ( وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ ) وَهُوَ : الْمُسَافِرُ الْمُجْتَازُ الذِي قَدْ فَرَغَتْ نَفَقَتُهُ فَيُعْطَى مَا يُوصِلُهُ إِلَى بَلَدِهِ ، وَكَذَا الذِي يُرِيدُ سَفَرًا فِي طَاعَةٍ ، فَيُعْطَى مَا يَكْفِيهِ فِي ذَهَابِهِ وَإِيَابِهِ ، وَيَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ الضَّيْفُ ، كَمَا قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : ابْنُ السَّبِيلِ هُوَ الضَّيْفُ الذِي يَنْزِلُ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ . <br /> ( وَالسَّائِلِينَ ) وَهُمُ : الَّذِينَ يَتَعَرَّضُونَ لِلطَّلَبِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ مِنَ الزِّكْوَاتِ وَالصَّدَقَاتِ ، كَمَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْحُسَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا - قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لِلسَّائِلِ حَقٌّ وَإِنْ جَاءَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ " . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ . <br /> ( وَفِي الرِّقَابِ ) وَهُمُ : الْمُكَاتَبُونَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ مَا يُؤَدُّونَهُ فِي كِتَابَتِهِمْ . <br /> وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ فِي آيَةِ الصَّدَقَاتِ مِنْ بَرَاءَةٍ ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى . وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، حَدَّثَتْنِي فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ قَيْسٍ : أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَفِي الْمَالِ حَقٌّ سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ ؟ قَالَتْ : فَتَلَا عَلِيَّ ( وَآتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ) . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، كِلَاهُمَا ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ ، [ ص: 488 ] عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فِي الْمَالِ حَقٌّ سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ " ثُمَّ تَلَا ( لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَفِي الرِّقَابِ ) <br /> [ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَضَعَّفَ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ مَيْمُونًا الْأَعْوَرَ ، قَالَ : وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ بَيَانٌ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ ) أَيْ : وَأَتَمَّ أَفْعَالَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي أَوْقَاتِهَا بِرُكُوعِهَا ، وَسُجُودِهَا ، وَطُمَأْنِينَتِهَا ، وَخُشُوعِهَا عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الشَّرْعِيِّ الْمَرْضِيِّ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ ) يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ زَكَاةَ النَّفْسِ ، وَتَخْلِيصَهَا مِنَ الْأَخْلَاقِ الدَّنِيَّةِ الرَّذِيلَةِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ : ( قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا ) [ الشَّمْسِ : 9 ، 10 ] وَقَوْلُ مُوسَى لِفِرْعَوْنَ : ( هَلْ لَكَ إِلَى أَنْ تَزَكَّى وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَى ) [ النَّازِعَاتِ : 18 ، 19 ] وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ ) [ فُصِّلَتْ : 6 ، 7 ] . <br /> وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ زَكَاةَ الْمَالِ كَمَا قَالَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَيَكُونُ الْمَذْكُورُ مِنْ إِعْطَاءِ هَذِهِ الْجِهَاتِ وَالْأَصْنَافِ الْمَذْكُورِينَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ التَّطَوُّعُ وَالْبِرُّ وَالصِّلَةُ ; وَلِهَذَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ : أَنَّ فِي الْمَالِ حَقًّا سِوَى الزَّكَاةِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَالْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَاهَدُوا ) كَقَوْلِهِ : ( الَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَنْقُضُونَ الْمِيثَاقَ ) [ الرَّعْدِ : 20 ] وَعَكْسُ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ النِّفَاقُ ، كَمَا صَحَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : " آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلَاثٌ : إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ " . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ : " إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَالصَّابِرِينَ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ ) أَيْ : فِي حَالِ الْفَقْرِ ، وَهُوَ الْبَأْسَاءُ ، وَفِي حَالِ الْمَرَضِ وَالْأَسْقَامِ ، وَهُوَ الضَّرَّاءُ . ( وَحِينَ الْبَأْسِ ) أَيْ : فِي حَالِ الْقِتَالِ وَالْتِقَاءِ الْأَعْدَاءِ ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُرَّةُ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ وَإِنَّمَا نُصِبَ ( وَالصَّابِرِينَ ) عَلَى الْمَدْحِ وَالْحَثِّ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَحْوَالِ لِشِدَّتِهِ وَصُعُوبَتِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، وَهُوَ الْمُسْتَعَانُ وَعَلَيْهِ التُّكْلَانَ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا ) أَيْ : هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ اتَّصَفُوا بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ هُمُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا فِي إِيمَانِهِمْ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ حَقَّقُوا الْإِيمَانَ الْقَلْبِيَّ بِالْأَقْوَالِ وَالْأَفْعَالِ ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ هُمُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا ( وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ ) [ ص: 489 ] لِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّقَوُا الْمَحَارِمَ وَفَعَلُوا الطَّاعَاتِ . </span></b><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh237nH5csfCmmbh9BVhiNl3UC14EYhN4UYUSqjyQWTbnoeohHxAHW_mU16ykZwiEBi-VVFLcEPXzwnasIw6gzLRXZVuagBk5boAAjScR-glzEWjag4wAcvFLZilg1w_OqCCrKJNAG2HnAJ/s1600/%25D8%25A4.png"><img border="0" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh237nH5csfCmmbh9BVhiNl3UC14EYhN4UYUSqjyQWTbnoeohHxAHW_mU16ykZwiEBi-VVFLcEPXzwnasIw6gzLRXZVuagBk5boAAjScR-glzEWjag4wAcvFLZilg1w_OqCCrKJNAG2HnAJ/s640/%25D8%25A4.png" width="640" /></a><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;">112</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><br /> ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ( 178 ) وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ( 179 ) </span></span><br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ) الْعَدْلُ فِي الْقِصَاصِ أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ حُرُّكُمْ بَحُرِّكُمْ ، وَعَبْدُكُمْ بِعَبْدِكُمْ ، وَأُنْثَاكُمْ بِأُنْثَاكُمْ ، وَلَا تَتَجَاوَزُوا وَتَعْتَدُوا ، كَمَا اعْتَدَى مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ وَغَيَّرُوا حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ ، وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ قُرَيْظَةُ وَ [ بَنُو ] النَّضِيرِ ، كَانَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ قَدْ غَزَتْ قُرَيْظَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَقَهَرُوهُمْ ، فَكَانَ إِذَا قَتَلَ النَّضَرِيُّ الْقُرَظِيَّ لَا يُقْتَلُ بِهِ ، بَلْ يُفَادَى بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ، وَإِذَا قَتَلَ الْقُرَظِيُّ النَّضَرِيَّ قُتِلَ بِهِ ، وَإِنْ فَادَوْهُ فَدَوْهُ بِمِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ ضِعْفِ دِيَةِ الْقُرَظِيِّ ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ فِي الْقِصَاصِ ، وَلَا يَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ الْمُحَرِّفِينَ ، الْمُخَالَفِينَ لِأَحْكَامِ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ ، كُفْرًا وَبَغْيًا ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى ) . <br /> وَذُكِرِ فِي [ سَبَبِ ] نُزُولَهَا مَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى ) يَعْنِي : إِذَا كَانَ عَمْدًا ، الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ . وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ اقْتَتَلُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِقَلِيلٍ ، فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ قَتْلٌ وَجِرَاحَاتٌ ، حَتَّى قَتَلُوا الْعَبِيدَ وَالنِّسَاءَ ، فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ حَتَّى أَسْلَمُوا ، فَكَانَ أَحَدُ الْحَيَّيْنِ يَتَطَاوَلُ عَلَى الْآخَرِ فِي الْعُدَّةِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ ، فَحَلَفُوا أَلَّا يَرْضَوْا حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ بِالْعَبْدِ مِنَّا الْحُرُّ مِنْهُمْ ، وَبِالْمَرْأَةِ مِنَّا الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَنَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ . <br /> ( الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى ) مِنْهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ ، نَسَخَتْهَا ( النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 45 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى ) وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَقْتُلُونَ الرَّجُلَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ ، وَلَكِنْ يَقْتُلُونَ الرَّجُلَ بِالرَّجُلِ ، وَالْمَرْأَةَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنُ بِالْعَيْنِ ، فَجَعَلَ الْأَحْرَارَ فِي الْقِصَاصِ سَوَاءً فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَمْدِ رِجَالُهُمْ وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ فِي النَّفْسِ ، وَفِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ ، وَجَعَلَ الْعَبِيدَ مُسْتَوِينَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَمْدِ فِي النَّفْسِ وَفِيمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ رِجَالُهُمْ [ ص: 490 ] وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ ، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ ) . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّ الْحُرَّ يُقْتَلُ بِالْعَبْدِ لِعُمُومِ آيَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَدَاوُدُ ، وَهُوَ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالْحَكَمِ ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ وَالثَّوْرِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ : وَيُقْتَلُ السَّيِّدُ بِعَبْدِهِ ; لِعُمُومِ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ ، وَمَنْ جَذَعَهُ جَذَعْنَاهُ ، وَمَنْ خَصَاهُ خَصَيْنَاهُ " وَخَالَفَهُمُ الْجُمْهُورُ وَقَالُوا : لَا يُقْتَلُ الْحُرُّ بِالْعَبْدِ ; لِأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ سِلْعَةٌ لَوْ قُتِلَ خَطَأً لَمْ تَجِبْ فِيهِ دِيَةٌ ، وَإِنَّمَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ قِيمَتُهُ ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا يُقَادُ بِطَرَفِهِ فَفِي النَّفْسِ بِطَرِيقِ أَوْلَى ، وَذَهَبَ الْجُمْهُورُ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ لَا يُقْتَلُ بِالْكَافِرِ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ " وَلَا يَصِحُّ حَدِيثٌ وَلَا تَأْوِيلٌ يُخَالَفُ هَذَا ، وَأَمَّا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ بِهِ لِعُمُومِ آيَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : قَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَعَطَاءٌ : لَا يُقْتَلُ الرَّجُلُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ لِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَخَالَفَهُمُ الْجُمْهُورُ لِآيَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ ; وَلِقَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ : " الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ " وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ : إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ لَا يُقْتَلُ بِهَا خَاصَّةً . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : وَمَذْهَبُ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ وَالْجُمْهُورِ أَنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ يُقْتَلُونَ بِالْوَاحِدِ ; قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي غُلَامٍ قَتَلَهُ سَبْعَةٌ فَقَتَلَهُمْ ، وَقَالَ : لَوْ تَمَالْأَ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ ، وَلَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ فِي زَمَانِهِ مُخَالِفٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ، وَذَلِكَ كَالْإِجْمَاعِ . وَحُكِيَ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ رِوَايَةٌ : أَنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ لَا يُقْتَلُونَ بِالْوَاحِدِ ، وَلَا يَقْتُلُ بِالنَّفْسِ إِلَّا نَفْسٌ وَاحِدَةٌ . وَحَكَاهُ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ ; ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ : وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ ، وَلَا حُجَّةَ لِمَنْ أَبَاحَ قَتْلَ الْجَمَاعَةِ . وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ ، وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الصَّحَابَةُ فَسَبِيلُهُ النَّظَرُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ) قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ ) فَالْعَفْوُ : أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ ، وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَأَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ . <br /> وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ ) يَقُولُ : فَمَنْ تُرِكَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ يَعْنِي : [ بَعْدَ ] أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ بَعْدَ اسْتِحْقَاقِ الدَّمِ ، وَذَلِكَ الْعَفْوُ ( فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ) يَقُولُ : فَعَلَى الطَّالِبِ اتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ إِذَا قَبِلَ الدِّيَةَ ( وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ) يَعْنِي : مِنَ الْقَاتِلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرَرٍ وَلَا مَعْكٍ ، يَعْنِي : الْمُدَافَعَةُ . <br /> وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : وَيُؤَدِّي الْمَطْلُوبَ [ ص: 491 ] بِإِحْسَانٍ . وَكَذَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبُو الشَّعْثَاءِ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَعَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ . <br /> مَسْأَلَةٌ : قَالَ مَالِكٌ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ ، وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ فِي أَحَدِ قَوْلَيْهِ : لَيْسَ لِوَلِيِّ الدَّمِ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَلَى الدِّيَةِ إِلَّا بِرِضَا الْقَاتِلِ ، وَقَالَ الْبَاقُونَ : لَهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ الْقَاتِلُ ، وَذَهَبَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ السَّلَفِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلنِّسَاءِ عَفْوٌ ، مِنْهُمُ الْحَسَنُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ ، وَابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ ، وَاللَّيْثُ ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ ، وَخَالَفَهُمُ الْبَاقُونَ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : إِنَّمَا شَرَعَ لَكُمْ أَخْذَ الدِّيَةِ فِي الْعَمْدِ تَخْفِيفًا مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةً بِكُمْ ، مِمَّا كَانَ مَحْتُومًا عَلَى الْأُمَمِ قَبْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ أَوِ الْعَفْوِ ، كَمَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُجَاهِدٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كُتِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَّاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الْعَفْوُ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ ) فَالْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ ، ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ [ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ ] مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ ، فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو [ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ] وَأَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، بِهِ . [ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ] ; وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، بِنَحْوِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : ( ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) رَحِمَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ وَأَطْعَمَهُمُ الدِّيَةَ ، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلَهُمْ ، فَكَانَ أَهْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْقِصَاصُ وَعَفْوٌ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَرْشٌ وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْإِنْجِيلِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَفْوٌ أُمِرُوا بِهِ ، وَجَعَلَ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ الْقِصَاصَ وَالْعَفْوَ وَالْأَرْشَ . <br /> وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، نَحْوُ هَذَا . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : فَمَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ أَوْ قَبُولِهَا ، فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَلِيمٌ مُوجِعٌ شَدِيدٌ . <br /> وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ : أَنَّهُ هُوَ الذِي يُقْتَلُ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ ، كَمَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ : أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ [ص:492] <br /> " مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِقَتْلٍ أَوْ خَبَلٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْتَارُ إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الدِّيَةَ ; فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ . وَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا فِيهَا " رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ . <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا أُعَافِي رَجُلًا قَتَلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الدِّيَةِ " يَعْنِي : لَا أَقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةَ بَلْ أَقْتُلُهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : وَفِي شَرْعِ الْقِصَاصِ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ قَتْلُ الْقَاتِلِ حِكْمَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ لَكُمْ ، وَهِيَ بَقَاءُ الْمُهَجِ وَصَوْنُهَا ; لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا عَلِمَ الْقَاتِلُ أَنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ انْكَفَّ عَنْ صَنِيعِهِ ، فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَيَاةُ النُّفُوسِ . وَفِي الْكُتُبِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ : الْقَتْلُ أَنْفَى لِلْقَتْلِ . فَجَاءَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَفْصَحُ ، وَأَبْلَغُ ، وَأَوْجَزُ . <br /> ( وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ ) قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْقِصَاصَ حَيَاةً ، فَكَمْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ ، فَتَمْنَعُهُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ . <br /> وَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبِي مَالِكٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، ( يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ) يَقُولُ : يَا أُولِي الْعُقُولِ وَالْأَفْهَامِ وَالنُّهَى ، لَعَلَّكُمْ تَنْزَجِرُونَ فَتَتْرُكُونَ مَحَارِمَ اللَّهِ وَمَآثِمَهُ ، وَالتَّقْوَى : اسْمٌ جَامِعٌ لِفِعْلِ الطَّاعَاتِ وَتَرْكِ الْمُنْكِرَاتِ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;">113</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;"><br /> ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ ( 180 ) فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَمَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ( 181 ) </span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;"><br /></span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;">( فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ( 182 ) </span></span><br /> اشْتَمَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْكَرِيمَةُ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ . وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ وَاجِبًا عَلَى أَصَحِّ الْقَوْلَيْنِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ آيَةِ الْمَوَارِيثِ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ ، وَصَارَتِ الْمَوَارِيثُ الْمُقَدَّرَةُ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ، يَأْخُذُهَا أَهْلُوهَا حَتْمًا مِنْ غَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَلَا تَحْمِلُ مِنَّةَ الْمُوصِي ، وَلِهَذَا جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي السُّنَنِ وَغَيْرِهَا عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْطُبُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : " إِنِ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ " . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ [ ص: 493 ] سِيرِينَ ، قَالَ : جَلَسَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ حَتَّى أَتَى [ عَلَى ] هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ : (إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ ) فَقَالَ : نُسِخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ . <br /> وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ ، بِهِ . وَرَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمَا . <br /> وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ ) قَالَ : كَانَ لَا يَرْثُ مَعَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ غَيْرُهُمَا إِلَّا وَصِيَّةً لِلْأَقْرَبِينَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَبَيَّنَ مِيرَاثَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ ، وَأَقَرَّ وَصِيَّةَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ فِي ثُلُثِ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ،فِي قَوْلِهِ :(الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ) نَسَخَتْهَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ :( لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَفْرُوضًا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 7 ] . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَبِي مُوسَى ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ ، وَشُرَيْحٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَالزُّهْرِيِّ : أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ . <br /> وَالْعَجَبُ مِنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الرَّازِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ كَيْفَ حَكَى فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ الْكَبِيرِ عَنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ غَيْرُ مَنْسُوخَةٍ ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ مُفَسَّرَةٌ بِآيَةِ الْمَوَارِيثِ ، وَمَعْنَاهُ : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا أَوْصَى اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ تَوْرِيثِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ . مِنْ قَوْلِهِ : ( يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 11 ] قَالَ : وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ وَالْمُعْتَبَرِينَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ . قَالَ : وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ : إِنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ فِيمَنْ يَرِثُ ، ثَابِتَةٌ فِيمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ ، وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَمَسْرُوقٍ ، وَطَاوُسٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَمُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، وَالْعَلَاءِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَبِهِ قَالَ أَيْضًا سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ . وَلَكِنْ عَلَى قَوْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ لَا يُسَمَّى هَذَا نَسْخًا فِي اصْطِلَاحِنَا الْمُتَأَخِّرِ ; لِأَنَّ آيَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ إِنَّمَا رَفَعَتْ حُكْمَ بَعْضِ أَفْرَادِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ عُمُومُ آيَةِ الْوِصَايَةِ ، لِأَنَّ " الْأَقْرَبِينَ " أَعَمُّ مِمَّنْ يَرِثُ وَمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ ، فَرُفِعَ حُكْمُ مَنْ يَرْثُ بِمَا عُيِّنَ لَهُ ، وَبَقِيَ الْآخَرُ عَلَى مَا دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَةُ الْأُولَى . وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا يَتَأَتَّى عَلَى قَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ : أَنَّ الْوِصَايَةَ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ نَدْبًا حَتَّى نُسِخَتْ . فَأَمَّا مَنْ يَقُولُ : إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ وَاجِبَةً وَهُوَ الظَّاهِرُ مِنْ [ ص: 494 ] سِيَاقِ الْآيَةِ فَيَتَعَيَّنُ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَنْسُوخَةً بِآيَةِ الْمِيرَاثِ ، كَمَا قَالَهُ أَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ وَالْمُعْتَبَرِينَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ ; فَإِنَّ وُجُوبَ الْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ [ الْوَارِثِينَ ] مَنْسُوخٌ بِالْإِجْمَاعِ . بَلْ مَنْهِيٌّ عَنْهُ لِلْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ : " إِنِ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ " . فَآيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ حُكْمٌ مُسْتَقِلٌّ ، وَوُجُوبٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِأَهْلِ الْفُرُوضِ وَلِلْعَصِبَاتِ ، رَفَعَ بِهَا حُكْمَ هَذِهِ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ . بَقِيَ الْأَقَارِبُ الَّذِينَ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمْ ، يُسْتَحَبُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُوصَى لَهُمْ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ ، اسْتِئْنَاسًا بِآيَةِ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَشُمُولِهَا ، وَلِمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ ، يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ " . قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مَا مَرَّتْ عَلِيَّ لَيْلَةً مُنْذُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا وَعِنْدِي وَصِيَّتِي . <br /> وَالْآيَاتُ وَالْأَحَادِيثُ بِالْأَمْرِ بِبَرِّ الْأَقَارِبِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَيْهِمْ ، كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ : أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ مُبَارَكِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ : قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ ، ثِنْتَانِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا : جَعَلْتُ لَكَ نَصِيبًا فِي مَالِكَ حِينَ أَخَذْتُ بِكَظْمِكَ ; لِأُطَهِّرَكَ بِهِ وَأُزَكِّيَكَ ، وَصَلَاةُ عِبَادِي عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ أَجَلِكَ " . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا ) أَيْ : مَالًا . قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَعَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ . <br /> ثُمَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ : الْوَصِيَّةُ مَشْرُوعَةٌ سَوَاءٌ قَلَّ الْمَالُ أَوْ كَثُرَ كَالْوِرَاثَةِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ : إِنَّمَا يُوصِي إِذَا تَرَكَ مَالًا جَزِيلًا ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي مِقْدَارِهِ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : قِيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَدْ مَاتَ ، وَتَرَكَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ وَلَمْ يُوصِ . قَالَ : لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ : ( إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا ) . <br /> قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : أَنَّ عَلِيًّا دَخَلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يَعُودُهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : أُوصِي ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ : إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ ) إِنَّمَا تَرَكْتَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا ، فَاتْرُكْهُ لِوَلَدِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ : حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : مَنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ سِتِّينَ دِينَارًا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ خَيْرًا ، قَالَ الْحَكَمُ : قَالَ طَاوُسٌ : لَمْ يَتْرُكْ خَيْرًا مَنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَارًا . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : كَانَ يُقَالُ : أَلْفًا فَمَا فَوْقَهَا . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ) أَيْ : بِالرِّفْقِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ :[ ص: 495 ] <br /> حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي سُرُورُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، قَوْلُهُ : ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ ) فَقَالَ : نَعَمِ ، الْوَصِيَّةُ حَقٌّ ، عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُوصِيَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ غَيْرِ الْمُنْكَرِ . <br /> وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ : أَنْ يُوصِيَ لِأَقْرَبِيهِ وَصِيَّةً لَا تُجْحِفُ بِوَرَثَتِهِ ، مِنْ غَيْرِ إِسْرَافٍ وَلَا تَقْتِيرٍ ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّ سَعْدًا قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ لِي مَالًا وَلَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ لِي ، أَفَأُوصِي بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي ؟ قَالَ : " لَا " قَالَ : فَبِالشَّطْرِ ؟ قَالَ : " لَا " قَالَ : فَالثُّلُثُ ؟ قَالَ : " الثُّلُثُ ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ ; إِنَّكَ أَنْ تَذَرَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ " . <br /> وَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ : أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " الثُّلُثُ ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ " . <br /> وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ، عَنْ ذَيَّالِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ ، سَمِعْتُ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنَ حِذْيَمِ بْنِ حَنِيفَةَ : أَنَّ جِدَّهُ حَنِيفَةَ أَوْصَى لِيَتِيمٍ فِي حِجْرِهِ بِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى بَنِيهِ ، فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَقَالَ حَنِيفَةُ : إِنِّي أَوْصَيْتُ لِيَتِيمٍ لِي بِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ، كُنَّا نُسَمِّيهَا الْمُطَيَّبَةَ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، " لَا لَا لَا . الصَّدَقَةُ : خَمْسٌ ، وَإِلَّا فَعَشْرٌ ، وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ ، وَإِلَّا فَعِشْرُونَ ، وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ ، وَإِلَّا فَثَلَاثُونَ ، وَإِلَّا فَخَمْسٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ ، فَإِنْ أَكْثَرْتَ فَأَرْبَعُونَ "<span style="color: red;">وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ . </span><br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَمَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ ) يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : فَمَنْ بَدَّلَ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَحَرَّفَهَا ، فَغَيَّرَ حُكْمَهَا وَزَادَ فِيهَا أَوْ نَقَصَ وَيَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْكِتْمَانُ لَهَا بِطَرِيقِ الْأَوْلَى ( فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ : وَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُ الْمَيِّتِ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، وَتَعَلَّقَ الْإِثْمُ بِالَّذِينِ بَدَّلُوا ذَلِكَ ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ) أَيْ : قَدِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ الْمَيِّتُ ، وَهُوَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَلِكَ ، وَبِمَا بَدَّلَهُ الْمُوصَى إِلَيْهِمْ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ : الْجَنَفُ : الْخَطَأُ . وَهَذَا يَشْمَلُ أَنْوَاعَ الْخَطَأِ كُلَّهَا ، بِأَنْ زَادَ وَارِثًا بِوَاسِطَةٍ أَوْ وَسِيلَةٍ ، كَمَا إِذَا أَوْصَى بِبَيْعِهِ الشَّيْءَ الْفُلَانِيَّ مُحَابَاةً ، أَوْ أَوْصَى لِابْنِ ابْنَتِهِ لِيَزِيدَهَا ، أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْوَسَائِلِ ، إِمَّا مُخْطِئًا غَيْرَ عَامِدٍ ، بَلْ بِطَبْعِهِ وَقُوَّةِ شَفَقَتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَبَصُّرٍ ، أَوْ مُتَعَمِّدًا آثِمًا فِي ذَلِكَ ، فَلِلْوَصِيِّ وَالْحَالَةُ هَذِهِ أَنْ يُصْلِحَ الْقَضِيَّةَ وَيُعَدِّلَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الشَّرْعِيِّ . وَيَعْدِلَ عَنِ الذِي أَوْصَى بِهِ الْمَيِّتُ إِلَى مَا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ الْأَشْيَاءِ إِلَيْهِ وَأَشْبَهُ الْأُمُورِ بِهِ جَمْعًا بَيْنَ مَقْصُودِ الْمُوصِي [ ص: 496 ] وَالطَّرِيقِ الشَّرْعِيِّ . وَهَذَا الْإِصْلَاحُ وَالتَّوْفِيقُ لَيْسَ مِنَ التَّبْدِيلِ فِي شَيْءٍ . وَلِهَذَا عَطَفَ هَذَا فَبَيَّنَهُ عَلَى النَّهْيِ لِذَلِكَ ، لِيُعْلَمَ أَنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِسَبِيلٍ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَدْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزْيَدٍ ، قِرَاءَةً ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " يُرَدُّ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ الْحَائِفِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ مَا يُرَدُّ مِنْ وَصِيَّةِ الْمُجْنِفِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ، بِهِ . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ فِيهِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ . وَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ فَقَطْ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ ، فَلَمْ يُجَاوِزْ بِهِ عُرْوَةَ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " الْحَيْفُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ " . <br /> وَهَذَا فِي رَفْعِهِ أَيْضًا نَظَرٌ . وَأَحْسَنُ مَا وَرَدَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً ، فَإِذَا أَوْصَى حَافٍ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِشَرِّ عَمَلِهِ ، فَيَدْخُلُ النَّارَ ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الشَّرِّ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً ، فَيَعْدِلُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ ، فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِخَيْرِ عَمَلِهِ ، فَيَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ " . قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ : اقْرَأُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ : ( تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 229 ] . </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><span style="background-color: purple;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uWvLN2SZjXbnIWmVeW-o68RTEKLIcyOgDoflE7eTTYzltFp-rVzLghghtelZEpapPB3SbD4E2kchprajj5ZXBKg7089_tJ2j_3hi8uzDwoL7WySeBf9tYBNcGrzYbwg96vUIHxJzzKKa/s1600/Untitled.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uWvLN2SZjXbnIWmVeW-o68RTEKLIcyOgDoflE7eTTYzltFp-rVzLghghtelZEpapPB3SbD4E2kchprajj5ZXBKg7089_tJ2j_3hi8uzDwoL7WySeBf9tYBNcGrzYbwg96vUIHxJzzKKa/s640/Untitled.png" /></a></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;">114 </span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br /> [ ص: 497 ] ( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ( 183 ) أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ( 184 ) </span></span> <br /> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخَاطِبًا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَآمِرًا لَهُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ ، وَهُوَ : الْإِمْسَاكُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ وَالْوِقَاعِ بِنِيَّةٍ خَالِصَةٍ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ زَكَاةِ النَّفْسِ وَطَهَارَتِهَا وَتَنْقِيَتِهَا مِنَ الْأَخْلَاطِ الرَّدِيئَةِ وَالْأَخْلَاقِ الرَّذِيلَةِ . وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ كَمَا أَوْجَبَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَدْ أَوْجَبَهُ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُمْ ، فَلَهُمْ فِيهِ أُسْوَةٌ ، وَلِيَجْتَهِدَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي أَدَاءِ هَذَا الْفَرْضِ أَكْمَلَ مِمَّا فَعَلَهُ أُولَئِكَ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 48 ] ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ هَاهُنَا : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ) لِأَنَّ الصَّوْمَ فِيهِ تَزْكِيَةٌ لِلْبَدَنِ وَتَضْيِيقٌ لِمَسَالِكِ الشَّيْطَانِ ; وَلِهَذَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : " يَا مَعْشَرَ الشَّبَابِ ، مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمُ الْبَاءَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ " ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ مِقْدَارَ الصَّوْمِ ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ ، لِئَلَّا يَشُقَّ عَلَى النُّفُوسِ فَتَضْعُفَ عَنْ حَمْلِهِ وَأَدَائِهِ ، بَلْ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ . وَقَدْ كَانَ هَذَا فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَصُومُونَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، ثُمَّ نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ بِصَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ . وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الصِّيَامَ كَانَ أَوَّلًا كَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأُمَمُ قَبْلَنَا ، مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ ، وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ . وَزَادَ : لَمْ يَزَلْ هَذَا مَشْرُوعًا مِنْ زَمَانِ نُوحٍ إِلَى أَنْ نَسَخَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ بِصِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ ) فَقَالَ : نَعَمْ ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كُتِبَ الصِّيَامُ عَلَى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَيْنَا شَهْرًا كَامِلًا وَأَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ : عَدَدًا مَعْلُومًا . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /> وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ ، رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " صِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ كَتَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ قَبْلَكُمْ . . " فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ اخْتُصِرَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ أُنْزِلَتْ : ( كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ [ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ ] ) كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا صَلَّى أَحَدُهُمُ الْعَتَمَةَ وَنَامَ حَرَّمَ [ اللَّهُ ] عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامَ وَالشَّرَابَ وَالنِّسَاءَ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ ) يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ : أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَالسُّدِّيِّ وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ ، مِثْلُهُ [ ص: 498 ] <br /> ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ حُكْمَ الصِّيَامِ عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَقَالَ : ( فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ) أَيِ : الْمَرِيضُ وَالْمُسَافِرُ لَا يَصُومَانِ فِي حَالِ الْمَرَضِ وَالسَّفَرِ ; لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَشَقَّةِ عَلَيْهِمَا ، بَلْ يُفْطِرَانِ وَيَقْضِيَانِ بِعِدَّةِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ . وَأَمَّا الصَّحِيحُ الْمُقِيمُ الذِي يُطِيقُ الصِّيَامَ ، فَقَدْ كَانَ مُخَيَّرًا بَيْنَ الصِّيَامِ وَبَيْنَ الْإِطْعَامِ ، إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ ، وَأَطْعَمَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا ، فَإِنْ أَطْعَمَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مِسْكِينٍ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ ، فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ ، وَإِنْ صَامَ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْإِطْعَامِ ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَطَاوُسٌ ، وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنَ السَّلَفِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ) <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : أُحِيلَتِ الصَّلَاةُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ ، وَأُحِيلَ الصِّيَامُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ ; فَأَمَّا أَحْوَالُ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ : ( قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 144 ] فَوَجَّهَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ . هَذَا حَوْلٌ . <br /> قَالَ : وَكَانُوا يَجْتَمِعُونَ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَيُؤْذِنُ بِهَا بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا حَتَّى نَقَسُوا أَوْ كَادُوا يَنْقُسُونَ . ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ وَلَوْ قُلْتُ : إِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ نَائِمًا لَصَدَقْتُ أَنِّي بَيْنَا أَنَا بَيْنَ النَّائِمِ وَالْيَقْظَانِ إِذْ رَأَيْتُ شَخْصًا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مَثْنَى حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ ، ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَ سَاعَةً ، ثُمَّ قَالَ مِثْلَ الذِي قَالَ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَزِيدُ فِي ذَلِكَ : قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ مَرَّتَيْنِ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " عَلِّمْهَا بِلَالًا فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ بِهَا " . فَكَانَ بِلُالٌ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَذَّنَ بِهَا . قَالَ : وَجَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، [ إِنَّهُ ] قَدْ طَافَ بِي مِثْلَ الذِي طَافَ بِهِ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ سَبَقَنِي ، فَهَذَانِ حَالَانِ . <br /> قَالَ : وَكَانُوا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ قَدْ سَبَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَعْضِهَا ، فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُشِيرُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ إِذًا كَمْ صَلَّى ، فَيَقُولُ : وَاحِدَةٌ أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ ، فَيُصَلِّيهِمَا ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ . قَالَ : فَجَاءَ مُعَاذٌ فَقَالَ : لَا أَجِدُهُ عَلَى حَالٍ أَبَدًا إِلَّا كُنْتُ عَلَيْهَا ، ثُمَّ قَضَيْتُ مَا سَبَقَنِي . قَالَ : فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَعْضِهَا ، قَالَ : فَثَبَتَ مَعَهُ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ فَقَضَى ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّهُ قَدْ سَنَّ لَكُمْ مُعَاذٌ ، فَهَكَذَا فَاصْنَعُوا " . فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَحْوَالٍ . <br /> وَأَمَّا أَحْوَالُ الصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ ، فَجَعَلَ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، وَصَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الصِّيَامَ ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ ) . <br /> [ ص: 499 ]إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا ، فَأَجْزَأَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ . ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ الْآيَةَ الْأُخْرَى : ( شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ) فَأَثْبَتَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ عَلَى الْمُقِيمِ الصَّحِيحِ وَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ ، وَثَبَتَ الْإِطْعَامُ لِلْكَبِيرِ الذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الصِّيَامَ ، فَهَذَانَ حَالَانِ . <br /> قَالَ : وَكَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ وَيَأْتُونَ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ يَنَامُوا ، فَإِذَا نَامُوا امْتَنَعُوا ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُ : صِرْمَةُ ، كَانَ يَعْمَلُ صَائِمًا حَتَّى أَمْسَى ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ ، ثُمَّ نَامَ فَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ ، حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ فَأَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا ، فَرَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ جَهِدَ جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا ، فَقَالَ : مَا لِي أَرَاكَ قَدْ جَهِدْتَ جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا ؟ قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ أَمْسِ فَجِئْتُ حِينَ جِئْتُ فَأَلْقَيْتُ نَفْسِي فَنِمْتُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ حِينَ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا . قَالَ : وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَدْ أَصَابَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ بَعْدَ مَا نَامَ ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : ( أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ) <br /> وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي سُنَنِهِ ، وَالْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ ، بِهِ . <br /> وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يُصَامُ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ فَرْضُ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ . وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، مِثْلُهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) كَمَا قَالَ مُعَاذٌ : كَانَ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْأَمْرِ : مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَأَطْعَمَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا . وَهَكَذَا رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) كَانَ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ يَفْتَدِي ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ التِي بَعْدَهَا فَنَسَخَتْهَا . <br /> وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ . <br /> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) قَالَ : يَقُولُ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ ) أَيْ : يَتَجَشَّمُونَهُ ، قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَأَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا ( فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ ) قَالَ : يَقُولُ : أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا آخَرَ ( فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ) فَكَانُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَسَخَتْهَا : ( فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ) [ص: 500 ] <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَيْضًا </span></span>: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ، أَخْبَرَنَا رَوْحٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقْرَأُ : " وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ " . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَيْسَتْ مَنْسُوخَةً ، هُوَ لِلشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ الْكَبِيرَةِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعَانِ أَنْ يَصُومَا ، فَيُطْعِمَانِ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا <br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَى غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، نَحْوَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ [ قَالَ ] نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) فِي الشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ الذِي لَا يُطِيقُ الصَّوْمَ ثُمَّ ضَعُفَ ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ أَنْ يُطْعِمَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا . <br /> وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَهْرَامَ الْمَحْرَمِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، قَالَ : دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَطَاءٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ ، وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ ، فَقَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ) فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَأَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَنَسَخَتِ الْأُولَى ، إِلَّا الْكَبِيرَ الْفَانِيَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَطْعَمَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا وَأَفْطَرَ . فَحَاصِلُ الْأَمْرِ أَنَّ النَّسْخَ ثَابِتٌ فِي حَقِّ الصَّحِيحِ الْمُقِيمِ بِإِيجَابِ الصِّيَامِ عَلَيْهِ ، بِقَوْلِهِ : ( فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ) وَأَمَّا الشَّيْخُ الْفَانِي [ الْهَرِمُ ] الذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الصِّيَامَ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ وَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ ، لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ حَالٌ يَصِيرُ إِلَيْهَا يَتَمَكَّنُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ ، وَلَكِنْ هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ [ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ ] أَنْ يُطْعِمَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا إِذَا كَانَ ذَا جِدَةٍ ؟ فِيهِ قَوْلَانِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ ، أَحَدُهُمَا : لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامٌ ; لِأَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ عَنْهُ لِسِنِّهِ ، فَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِدْيَةٌ كَالصَّبِيِّ ; لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُكَلَّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ قَوْلَيِ الشَّافِعِيِّ . وَالثَّانِي وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ ، وَعَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ الْعُلَمَاءِ : أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِدْيَةٌ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ ، كَمَا فَسَّرَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ السَّلَفِ عَلَى قِرَاءَةِ مَنْ قَرَأَ : ( وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ ) أَيْ : يَتَجَشَّمُونَهُ ، كَمَا قَالَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَهُوَ اخْتِيَارُ الْبُخَارِيِّ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ : وَأَمَّا الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ إِذَا لَمْ يُطِقِ الصِّيَامَ ، فَقَدْ أَطْعَمَ أَنَسٌ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَبِرَ عَامًا أَوْ عَامَيْنِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا خُبْزًا وَلَحْمًا ، وَأَفْطَرَ . <br /> وَهَذَا الذِي عَلَّقَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَدْ أَسْنَدَهُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ ، فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ قَالَ : ضَعُفَ أَنَسُ [ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ] عَنِ الصَّوْمِ ، فَصَنَعَ جَفْنَةً مِنْ ثَرِيدٍ ، فَدَعَا ثَلَاثِينَ مِسْكِينًا فَأَطْعَمَهُمْ <br /> وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ حُدَيْرٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، بِهِ .[ ص: 501 ] <br /> وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدٌ أَيْضًا ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سِتَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ . <br /> وَمِمَّا يَلْتَحِقُ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى : الْحَامِلُ وَالْمُرْضِعُ ، إِذَا خَافَتَا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمَا أَوْ وَلَدَيْهِمَا ، فَفِيهِمَا خِلَافٌ كَثِيرٌ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ : يُفْطِرَانِ وَيَفْدِيَانِ وَيَقْضِيَانِ . وَقِيلَ : يَفْدِيَانِ فَقَطْ ، وَلَا قَضَاءَ . وَقِيلَ : يَجِبُ الْقَضَاءُ بِلَا فِدْيَةٍ . وَقِيلَ : يُفْطِرَانِ ، وَلَا فِدْيَةَ وَلَا قَضَاءَ . وَقَدْ بَسَطْنَا هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ مُسْتَقْصَاةً فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ الذِي أَفْرَدْنَاهُ . وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /> يأتي ان شاء الله 115</span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-45563247451593935642017-02-09T03:22:00.002-08:002017-02-14T22:55:46.617-08:00 14. من قوله تعالي(فإن آمنوا بمثل ما آمنتم به فقد اهتدوا..)الي(وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ..)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #660000;">91</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #660000;"><br /><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=90#docu">(</a> فإن آمنوا بمثل ما آمنتم به فقد اهتدوا وإن تولوا فإنما هم في شقاق فسيكفيكهم الله وهو السميع العليم ( 137 ) صبغة الله ومن أحسن من الله صبغة ونحن له عابدون ( 138 )</span></span><br /> يقول تعالى : ( فإن آمنوا ) أي : الكفار من أهل الكتاب وغيرهم ( بمثل ما آمنتم به ) أيها المؤمنون ، من الإيمان بجميع كتب الله ورسله ، ولم يفرقوا بين أحد منهم ( فقد اهتدوا ) أي : فقد أصابوا الحق ، وأرشدوا إليه ( وإن تولوا ) أي : عن الحق إلى الباطل ، بعد قيام الحجة عليهم ( فإنما هم في شقاق فسيكفيكهم الله ) أي : فسينصرك عليهم ويظفرك بهم ( وهو السميع العليم ) <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : قرئ على يونس بن عبد الأعلى حدثنا ابن وهب ، حدثنا زياد بن يونس ، حدثنا نافع بن أبي نعيم ، قال : أرسل إلي بعض الخلفاء مصحف عثمان بن عفان ليصلحه . قال زياد : فقلت له : إن الناس يقولون : إن مصحفه كان في حجره حين قتل ، فوقع الدم على ( فسيكفيكهم الله وهو السميع العليم ) فقال نافع : بصرت عيني بالدم على هذه الآية وقد قدم . <br /> وقوله : ( صبغة الله ) قال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس : دين الله . وكذا روي عن مجاهد ، وأبي العالية ، وعكرمة ، وإبراهيم ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، والضحاك ، وعبد الله بن كثير ، وعطية العوفي ، والربيع بن أنس ، والسدي ، نحو ذلك . <br /> وانتصاب ( صبغة الله ) إما على الإغراء كقوله ( فطرة الله ) [ الروم : 30 ] أي : الزموا ذلك عليكموه . وقال بعضهم : بدل من قوله : ( ملة إبراهيم ) وقال سيبويه : هو مصدر مؤكد انتصب عن قوله : ( آمنا بالله ) كقوله ) واعبدوا الله ) [ النساء : 36 ] . <br /> وقد ورد في حديث رواه ابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه ، من رواية أشعث بن إسحاق عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس أن نبي الله قال : " إن بني إسرائيل قالوا : يا موسى ، هل يصبغ ربك ؟ فقال : اتقوا الله . فناداه ربه : يا موسى ، سألوك هل يصبغ ربك ؟ فقل : نعم ، أنا أصبغ الألوان : الأحمر والأبيض والأسود ، والألوان كلها من صبغي " . وأنزل الله على نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( صبغة الله ومن أحسن من الله صبغة <br /> كذا وقع في رواية ابن مردويه مرفوعا ، وهو في رواية ابن أبي حاتم موقوف ، وهو أشبه ، إن صح إسناده ، والله أعلم . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;">92</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><br />[ ص: 451 ] ( قُلْ أَتُحَاجُّونَنَا فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ وَلَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُخْلِصُونَ ( 139 ) أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى قُلْ أَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ أَظْلْمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهَادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ( 140 ) تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُمْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ( 141 ) </span></span><br /> يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُرْشِدًا نَبِيَّهُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى دَرْءِ مُجَادِلَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ : ( قُلْ أَتُحَاجُّونَنَا فِي اللَّهِ ) أَيْ : أَتُنَاظِرُونَنَا فِي تَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ وَالْإِخْلَاصِ لَهُ وَالِانْقِيَادِ ، وَاتِّبَاعِ أَوَامِرِهِ وَتَرْكِ زَوَاجِرِهِ ( وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ ) الْمُتَصَرِّفُ فِينَا وَفِيكُمُ ، الْمُسْتَحِقُّ لِإِخْلَاصِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ لَهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ! ( وَلَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ ) أَيْ : نَحْنُ بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ ، وَأَنْتُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنَّا ، كَمَا قَالَ فِي الْآيَةِ الْأُخْرَى : ( وَإِنْ كَذَّبُوكَ فَقُلْ لِي عَمَلِي وَلَكُمْ عَمَلُكُمْ أَنْتُمْ بَرِيئُونَ مِمَّا أَعْمَلُ وَأَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ) [ يُونُسَ : 41 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( فَإِنْ حَاجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَنِ وَقُلْ لِلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْأُمِّيِّينَ أَأَسْلَمْتُمْ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا فَقَدِ اهْتَدَوْا وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَاغُ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 20 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ( وَحَاجَّهُ قَوْمُهُ قَالَ أَتُحَاجُّونِّي فِي اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانِ وَلَا أَخَافُ مَا تُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبِّي شَيْئًا وَسِعَ رَبِّي كُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ ) [ الْأَنْعَامِ : 80 ] وَقَالَ ( أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ ) الْآيَةَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 258 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ : ( [ وَلَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ ] وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُخْلِصُونَ ) أَيْ : نَحْنُ بُرَآءُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا أَنْتُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنَّا ، وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُخْلِصُونَ ، أَيْ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ وَالتَّوَجُّهِ . <br /> ثُمَّ أَنْكَرَ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ ، فِي دَعْوَاهُمْ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَنْ ذُكِرَ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ كَانُوا عَلَى مِلَّتِهِمْ ، إِمَّا الْيَهُودِيَّةُ وَإِمَّا النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ فَقَالَ : ( قُلْ أَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ ) يَعْنِي : بَلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا هُودًا وَلَا نَصَارَى ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَكِنْ كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ) الْآيَةَ وَالتِي بَعْدَهَا [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 67 ، 68 ] . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهَادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ) قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ : كَانُوا يَقْرَؤُونَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ الذِي أَتَاهُمْ : إِنَّ الدِّينَ [ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ] الْإِسْلَامُ ، وَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، وَإِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا بُرَآءَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ، فَشَهِدَ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ ، وَأَقَرُّوا بِهِ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ لِلَّهِ ، فَكَتَمُوا شَهَادَةَ اللَّهِ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ .[ ص: 452 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ) [ فِيهِ ] تَهْدِيدٌ وَوَعِيدٌ شَدِيدٌ ، أَيْ : [ أَنَّ ] عِلْمَهُ مُحِيطٌ بِعَمَلِكُمْ ، وَسَيَجْزِيكُمْ عَلَيْهِ . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ ) أَيْ : قَدْ مَضَتْ ( لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُمْ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ ) أَيْ : لَهُمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ ( وَلَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ) وَلَيْسَ يُغْنِي عَنْكُمُ انْتِسَابُكُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ ، مِنْ غَيْرِ مُتَابِعَةٍ مِنْكُمْ لَهُمْ ، وَلَا تَغْتَرُّوا بِمُجَرَّدِ النِّسْبَةِ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى تَكُونُوا مِثْلَهُمْ مُنْقَادِينَ لِأَوَامِرِ اللَّهِ وَاتِّبَاعِ رُسُلِهِ ، الَّذِينَ بُعِثُوا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ كَفَرَ بِنَبِيٍّ وَاحِدٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِسَائِرِ الرُّسُلِ ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِسَيِّدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، وَخَاتَمِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَرَسُولِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ إِلَى جَمِيعِ الْإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ مِنْ سَائِرِ الْمُكَلَّفِينَ ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى سَائِرِ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللَّهِ أَجْمَعِينَ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">93</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br />( سيقول السفهاء من الناس ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها قل لله المشرق والمغرب يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ( 142 ) وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا لتكونوا شهداء على الناس ويكون الرسول عليكم شهيدا وما جعلنا القبلة التي كنت عليها إلا لنعلم من يتبع الرسول ممن ينقلب على عقبيه وإن كانت لكبيرة إلا على الذين هدى الله وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم إن الله بالناس لرءوف رحيم ( 143 ) </span></span><br /> [ قيل المراد بالسفهاء هاهنا : المشركون ; مشركو العرب ، قاله الزجاج . وقيل : أحبار يهود ، قاله مجاهد . وقيل : المنافقون ، قاله السدي . والآية عامة في هؤلاء كلهم ، والله أعلم ] . <br /> قال البخاري : حدثنا أبو نعيم ، سمع زهيرا ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء ، رضي الله عنه ; أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى إلى بيت المقدس ستة عشر شهرا أو سبعة عشر شهرا ، وكان يعجبه أن تكون قبلته قبل البيت ، وأنه صلى أول صلاة صلاها ، صلاة العصر ، وصلى معه قوم . فخرج رجل ممن كان صلى معه ، فمر على أهل المسجد وهم راكعون ، فقال : أشهد بالله لقد صليت مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل مكة ، فداروا كما هم قبل البيت . وكان الذي مات على القبلة قبل أن تحول قبل البيت رجالا قتلوا لم ندر ما نقول فيهم ، فأنزل الله عز وجل ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم إن الله بالناس لرءوف رحيم ) <br /> انفرد به البخاري من هذا الوجه . ورواه مسلم من وجه آخر [ ص: 453 ] <br /> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني إسماعيل بن أبي خالد ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء ، قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي نحو بيت المقدس ، ويكثر النظر إلى السماء ينتظر أمر الله ، فأنزل الله : ( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام ) فقال رجال من المسلمين : وددنا لو علمنا علم من مات منا قبل أن نصرف إلى القبلة ، وكيف بصلاتنا نحو بيت المقدس ؟ فأنزل الله : ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم ) وقال السفهاء من الناس ، وهم أهل الكتاب : ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها ؟ فأنزل الله : ( سيقول السفهاء من الناس ) إلى آخر الآية . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو زرعة ، حدثنا الحسن بن عطية ، حدثنا إسرائيل ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد صلى نحو بيت المقدس ستة عشر أو سبعة عشر شهرا ، وكان يحب أن يوجه نحو الكعبة ، فأنزل الله : ( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام ) قال : فوجه نحو الكعبة . وقال السفهاء من الناس ، وهم اليهود : ( ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها ) فأنزل الله ( قل لله المشرق والمغرب يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ) <br /> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما هاجر إلى المدينة ، أمره الله أن يستقبل بيت المقدس ، ففرحت اليهود ، فاستقبلها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بضعة عشر شهرا ، وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يحب قبلة إبراهيم ، فكان يدعو الله وينظر إلى السماء ، فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( فولوا وجوهكم شطره ) أي : نحوه . فارتاب من ذلك اليهود ، وقالوا : ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها ؟ فأنزل الله : ( قل لله المشرق والمغرب يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ) . <br /> وقد جاء في هذا الباب أحاديث كثيرة ، وحاصل الأمر أنه قد كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أمر باستقبال الصخرة من بيت المقدس ، فكان بمكة يصلي بين الركنين ، فتكون بين يديه الكعبة وهو مستقبل صخرة بيت المقدس ، فلما هاجر إلى المدينة تعذر الجمع بينهما ، فأمره الله بالتوجه إلى بيت المقدس ، قاله ابن عباس والجمهور ، ثم اختلف هؤلاء هل كان الأمر به بالقرآن أو بغيره ; على قولين ، وحكى القرطبي في تفسيره عن عكرمة وأبي العالية والحسن البصري أن التوجه إلى بيت المقدس كان باجتهاده عليه الصلاة والسلام . والمقصود أن التوجه إلى بيت المقدس بعد مقدمه صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة ، فاستمر الأمر على ذلك بضعة عشر شهرا ، وكان يكثر الدعاء والابتهال أن يوجه إلى الكعبة ، التي هي قبلة إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، فأجيب إلى ذلك ، وأمر بالتوجه إلى البيت العتيق ، فخطب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الناس ، وأعلمهم بذلك . وكان أول صلاة صلاها إليها صلاة العصر ، كما تقدم في الصحيحين من رواية البراء . ووقع عند النسائي من رواية أبي سعيد بن المعلى : أنها الظهر . وأما أهل قباء ، فلم يبلغهم الخبر إلى صلاة الفجر من اليوم الثاني ، كما جاء في الصحيحين ، عن ابن عمر أنه قال : بينما الناس بقباء في صلاة الصبح ، إذ جاءهم آت فقال : إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد أنزل عليه الليلة قرآن وقد [ ص: 454 ] أمر أن يستقبل الكعبة ، فاستقبلوها . وكانت وجوههم إلى الشام فاستداروا إلى الكعبة . <br /> وفي هذا دليل على أن الناسخ لا يلزم حكمه إلا بعد العلم به ، وإن تقدم نزوله وإبلاغه ; لأنهم لم يؤمروا بإعادة العصر والمغرب والعشاء ، والله أعلم . <br /> ولما وقع هذا حصل لبعض الناس من أهل النفاق والريب والكفرة من اليهود ارتياب وزيغ عن الهدى وتخبيط وشك ، وقالوا : ( ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها ) أي : ما لهؤلاء تارة يستقبلون كذا ، وتارة يستقبلون كذا ؟ فأنزل الله جوابهم في قوله : ( قل لله المشرق والمغرب ) أي : الحكم والتصرف والأمر كله لله ، وحيثما تولوا فثم وجه الله ، و ( ليس البر أن تولوا وجوهكم قبل المشرق والمغرب ولكن البر من آمن بالله ) [ البقرة : 177 ] أي : الشأن كله في امتثال أوامر الله ، فحيثما وجهنا توجهنا ، فالطاعة في امتثال أمره ، ولو وجهنا في كل يوم مرات إلى جهات متعددة ، فنحن عبيده وفي تصريفه وخدامه ، حيثما وجهنا توجهنا ، وهو تعالى له بعبده ورسوله محمد صلوات الله وسلامه عليه وأمته عناية عظيمة ; إذ هداهم إلى قبلة إبراهيم ، خليل الرحمن ، وجعل توجههم إلى الكعبة المبنية على اسمه تعالى وحده لا شريك له ، أشرف بيوت الله في الأرض ، إذ هي بناء إبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام ، ولهذا قال : ( قل لله المشرق والمغرب يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ) . <br /> وقد روى الإمام أحمد ، عن علي بن عاصم ، عن حصين بن عبد الرحمن ، عن عمر بن قيس ، عن محمد بن الأشعث ، عن عائشة قالت : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يعني في أهل الكتاب : " إنهم لا يحسدوننا على شيء كما يحسدوننا على يوم الجمعة ، التي هدانا الله لها وضلوا عنها ، وعلى القبلة التي هدانا الله لها وضلوا عنها ، وعلى قولنا خلف الإمام : آمين " . <br /> وقوله تعالى : ( وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا لتكونوا شهداء على الناس ويكون الرسول عليكم شهيدا ) يقول تعالى : إنما حولناكم إلى قبلة إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، واخترناها لكم لنجعلكم خيار الأمم ، لتكونوا يوم القيامة شهداء على الأمم ; لأن الجميع معترفون لكم بالفضل . والوسط هاهنا : الخيار والأجود ، كما يقال : قريش أوسط العرب نسبا ودارا ، أي : خيرها . وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسطا في قومه ، أي : أشرفهم نسبا ، ومنه الصلاة الوسطى ، التي هي أفضل الصلوات ، وهي العصر ، كما ثبت في الصحاح وغيرها ، ولما جعل الله هذه الأمة وسطا خصها بأكمل الشرائع وأقوم المناهج وأوضح المذاهب ، كما قال تعالى : ( هو اجتباكم وما جعل عليكم في الدين من حرج ملة أبيكم إبراهيم هو سماكم المسلمين من قبل وفي هذا ليكون الرسول شهيدا عليكم وتكونوا شهداء على الناس )[الحج : 78] [ ص: 455 ] <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا وكيع ، عن الأعمش ، عن أبي صالح ، عن أبي سعيد قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يدعى نوح يوم القيامة فيقال له : هل بلغت ؟ فيقول : نعم . فيدعى قومه فيقال لهم : هل بلغكم ؟ فيقولون : ما أتانا من نذير وما أتانا من أحد ، فيقال لنوح : من يشهد لك ؟ فيقول : محمد وأمته " قال : فذلك قوله : ( وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا ) . <br /> قال : الوسط : العدل ، فتدعون ، فتشهدون له بالبلاغ ، ثم أشهد عليكم . <br /> رواه البخاري والترمذي والنسائي وابن ماجه من طرق عن الأعمش ، [ به ] . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد أيضا : حدثنا أبو معاوية ، حدثنا الأعمش ، عن أبي صالح ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يجيء النبي يوم القيامة [ ومعه الرجل والنبي ] ومعه الرجلان وأكثر من ذلك فيدعى قومه ، فيقال [ لهم ] هل بلغكم هذا ؟ فيقولون : لا . فيقال له : هل بلغت قومك ؟ فيقول : نعم . فيقال [ له ] من يشهد لك ؟ فيقول : محمد وأمته . فيدعى بمحمد وأمته ، فيقال لهم : هل بلغ هذا قومه ؟ فيقولون : نعم . فيقال : وما علمكم ؟ فيقولون : جاءنا نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم فأخبرنا أن الرسل قد بلغوا " فذلك قوله عز وجل : ( وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا ) قال : " عدلا ( لتكونوا شهداء على الناس ويكون الرسول عليكم شهيدا ) " . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد أيضا : حدثنا أبو معاوية ، حدثنا الأعمش ، عن أبي صالح ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في قوله تعالى : ( وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا ) قال : " عدلا " . <br /> وروى الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه وابن أبي حاتم من حديث عبد الواحد بن زياد ، عن أبي مالك الأشجعي ، عن المغيرة بن عتيبة بن نهاس : حدثني مكتب لنا عن جابر بن عبد الله ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " أنا وأمتي يوم القيامة على كوم مشرفين على الخلائق . ما من الناس أحد إلا ود أنه منا . وما من نبي كذبه قومه إلا ونحن نشهد أنه قد بلغ رسالة ربه ، عز وجل[ ص: 456 ] <br /> وروى الحاكم ، في مستدركه وابن مردويه أيضا ، واللفظ له ، من حديث مصعب بن ثابت ، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي ، عن جابر بن عبد الله ، قال : شهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جنازة ، في بني سلمة ، وكنت إلى جانب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال بعضهم : والله يا رسول الله لنعم المرء كان ، لقد كان عفيفا مسلما وكان . . . وأثنوا عليه خيرا . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " أنت بما تقول " . فقال الرجل : الله أعلم بالسرائر ، فأما الذي بدا لنا منه فذاك . فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " وجبت " . ثم شهد جنازة في بني حارثة ، وكنت إلى جانب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال بعضهم : يا رسول الله ، بئس المرء كان ، إن كان لفظا غليظا ، فأثنوا عليه شرا فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لبعضهم : " أنت بالذي تقول " . فقال الرجل : الله أعلم بالسرائر ، فأما الذي بدا لنا منه فذاك . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " وجبت " . <br /> قال مصعب بن ثابت : فقال لنا عند ذلك محمد بن كعب : صدق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ثم قرأ : ( وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا لتكونوا شهداء على الناس ويكون الرسول عليكم شهيدا ) <br /> ثم قال الحاكم : هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ، ولم يخرجاه . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يونس بن محمد ، حدثنا داود بن أبي الفرات ، عن عبد الله بن بريدة ، عن أبي الأسود أنه قال : أتيت المدينة فوافقتها ، وقد وقع بها مرض ، فهم يموتون موتا ذريعا . فجلست إلى عمر بن الخطاب ، فمرت به جنازة ، فأثني على صاحبها خير . فقال : وجبت وجبت . ثم مر بأخرى فأثني عليها شر ، فقال عمر : وجبت [ وجبت ] . فقال أبو الأسود : ما وجبت يا أمير المؤمنين ؟ قال : قلت : كما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " أيما مسلم شهد له أربعة بخير أدخله الله الجنة " . قال : فقلنا . وثلاثة ؟ قال : " وثلاثة " . قال ، فقلنا : واثنان ؟ قال : " واثنان " ثم لم نسأله عن الواحد . <br /> وكذا رواه البخاري ، والترمذي ، والنسائي من حديث داود بن أبي الفرات ، به . <br /> قال ابن مردويه : حدثنا أحمد بن عثمان بن يحيى ، حدثنا أبو قلابة الرقاشي ، حدثني أبو الوليد ، حدثنا نافع بن عمر ، حدثني أمية بن صفوان ، عن أبي بكر بن أبي زهير الثقفي ، عن أبيه ، قال : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالنباوة يقول : " يوشك أن تعلموا خياركم من شراركم " قالوا : بم يا رسول الله ؟ قال : " بالثناء الحسن والثناء السيئ ، أنتم شهداء الله في الأرض " . ورواه ابن ماجه عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة ، عن يزيد بن هارون . ورواه الإمام أحمد ، عن يزيد بن هارون ، وعبد الملك بن عمر وشريح ، عن نافع عن ابن عمر ، به [ص: 457] <br /> وقوله تعالى : ( وما جعلنا القبلة التي كنت عليها إلا لنعلم من يتبع الرسول ممن ينقلب على عقبيه وإن كانت لكبيرة إلا على الذين هدى الله ) يقول تعالى : إنما شرعنا لك يا محمد التوجه أولا إلى بيت المقدس ، ثم صرفناك عنها إلى الكعبة ، ليظهر حال من يتبعك ويطيعك ويستقبل معك حيثما توجهت ممن ينقلب على عقبيه ، أي : مرتدا عن دينه ( وإن كانت لكبيرة ) أي : هذه الفعلة ، وهو صرف التوجه عن بيت المقدس إلى الكعبة ، أي : وإن كان هذا الأمر عظيما في النفوس ، إلا على الذين هدى الله قلوبهم ، وأيقنوا بتصديق الرسول ، وأن كل ما جاء به فهو الحق الذي لا مرية فيه ، وأن الله يفعل ما يشاء ويحكم ما يريد ، فله أن يكلف عباده بما شاء ، وينسخ ما يشاء ، وله الحكمة التامة والحجة البالغة في جميع ذلك ، بخلاف الذين في قلوبهم مرض ، فإنه كلما حدث أمر أحدث لهم شكا ، كما يحصل للذين آمنوا إيقان وتصديق ، كما قال الله تعالى : ( وإذا ما أنزلت سورة فمنهم من يقول أيكم زادته هذه إيمانا فأما الذين آمنوا فزادتهم إيمانا وهم يستبشرون وأما الذين في قلوبهم مرض فزادتهم رجسا إلى رجسهم ) [ التوبة : 124 ، 125 ] وقال تعالى : ( قل هو للذين آمنوا هدى وشفاء والذين لا يؤمنون في آذانهم وقر وهو عليهم عمى ) [ فصلت : 44 ] وقال تعالى : ( وننزل من القرآن ما هو شفاء ورحمة للمؤمنين ولا يزيد الظالمين إلا خسارا ) [ الإسراء : 82 ] . ولهذا كان من ثبت على تصديق الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم واتباعه في ذلك ، وتوجه حيث أمره الله من غير شك ولا ريب ، من سادات الصحابة . وقد ذهب بعضهم إلى أن السابقين الأولين من المهاجرين والأنصار هم الذين صلوا القبلتين . <br /> وقال البخاري في تفسير هذه الآية : <br /> حدثنا مسدد ، حدثنا يحيى ، عن سفيان ، عن عبد الله بن دينار ، عن ابن عمر قال : بينا الناس يصلون الصبح في مسجد قباء إذ جاء رجل فقال : قد أنزل على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قرآن ، وقد أمر أن يستقبل الكعبة فاستقبلوها . فتوجهوا إلى الكعبة . <br /> وقد رواه مسلم من وجه آخر ، عن ابن عمر . ورواه الترمذي من حديث سفيان الثوري وعنده : أنهم كانوا ركوعا ، فاستداروا كما هم إلى الكعبة ، وهم ركوع . وكذا رواه مسلم من حديث حماد بن سلمة ، عن ثابت ، عن أنس ، مثله ، وهذا يدل على كمال طاعتهم لله ورسوله ، وانقيادهم لأوامر الله عز وجل ، رضي الله عنهم أجمعين [ص: 458] <br /> وقوله : ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم ) أي : صلاتكم إلى بيت المقدس قبل ذلك لا يضيع ثوابها عند الله ، وفي الصحيح من حديث أبي إسحاق السبيعي ، عن البراء ، قال : مات قوم كانوا يصلون نحو بيت المقدس فقال الناس : ما حالهم في ذلك ؟ فأنزل الله تعالى : ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم ) . <br /> [ ورواه الترمذي عن ابن عباس وصححه ] . <br /> وقال ابن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم ) أي : بالقبلة الأولى ، وتصديقكم نبيكم ، واتباعه إلى القبلة الأخرى.أي:ليعطيكم أجرهما جميعا.<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">(إن الله بالناس لرءوف رحيم </span></span><br /> وقال الحسن البصري : ( وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم ) أي : ما كان الله ليضيع محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وانصرافكم معه حيث انصرف ( إن الله بالناس لرءوف رحيم ) <br /> وفي الصحيح أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأى امرأة من السبي قد فرق بينها وبين ولدها ، فجعلت كلما وجدت صبيا من السبي أخذته فألصقته بصدرها ، وهي تدور على ولدها ، فلما وجدته ضمته إليها وألقمته ثديها . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " أترون هذه طارحة ولدها في النار ، وهي تقدر على ألا تطرحه ؟ " قالوا : لا يا رسول الله . قال : " فوالله ، لله أرحم بعباده من هذه بولدها " . <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">94</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br />( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام وحيثما كنتم فولوا وجوهكم شطره وإن الذين أوتوا الكتاب ليعلمون أنه الحق من ربهم وما الله بغافل عما يعملون ( 144 ) </span></span><br /> قال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس : كان أول ما نسخ من القرآن القبلة ، وذلك أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما هاجر إلى المدينة ، وكان أكثر أهلها اليهود ، فأمره الله أن يستقبل بيت المقدس ، ففرحت اليهود ، فاستقبلها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بضعة عشر شهرا ، وكان يحب قبلة إبراهيم فكان يدعو إلى الله وينظر إلى السماء ، فأنزل الله : ( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء ) إلى قوله : ( فولوا وجوهكم شطره ) فارتاب من ذلك اليهود ، وقالوا : ( ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها قل لله المشرق والمغرب [ يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ] ) وقال : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) [ البقرة : 115 ] وقال الله تعالى : ( وما جعلنا القبلة التي كنت عليها إلا لنعلم من يتبع الرسول ممن ينقلب على عقبيه )[ ص: 459 ] <br /> وروى ابن مردويه من حديث القاسم العمري ، عن عمه عبيد الله بن عمر ، عن داود بن الحصين ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : قال : كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا سلم من صلاته إلى بيت المقدس رفع رأسه إلى السماء فأنزل الله : ( فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام ) إلى الكعبة إلى الميزاب ، يؤم به جبرائيل عليه السلام . <br /> وروى الحاكم ، في مستدركه ، من حديث شعبة عن يعلى بن عطاء ، عن يحيى بن قمطة قال : رأيت عبد الله بن عمرو جالسا في المسجد الحرام ، بإزاء الميزاب ، فتلا هذه الآية : ( فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها ) قال : نحو ميزاب الكعبة . <br /> ثم قال : صحيح الإسناد ، ولم يخرجاه . <br /> ورواه ابن أبي حاتم ، عن الحسن بن عرفة ، عن هشيم ، عن يعلى بن عطاء ، به . <br /> وهكذا قال غيره ، وهو أحد قولي الشافعي ، رحمه الله : إن الغرض إصابة عين القبلة . والقول الآخر وعليه الأكثرون : أن المراد المواجهة كما رواه الحاكم من حديث محمد بن إسحاق ، عن عمير بن زياد الكندي ، عن علي ، رضي الله عنه ، ( فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام ) قال : شطره : قبله . ثم قال : صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه . <br /> وهذا قول أبي العالية ، ومجاهد ، وعكرمة ، وسعيد بن جبير ، وقتادة ، والربيع بن أنس ، وغيرهم . وكما تقدم في الحديث الآخر : ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة . <br /> [وقال القرطبي : روى ابن جريج عن عطاء عن ابن عباس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة لأهل المسجد ، والمسجد قبلة لأهل الحرم ، والحرم قبلة لأهل الأرض في مشارقها ومغاربها من أمتي " ] . <br /> وقال أبو نعيم الفضل بن دكين : <br /> حدثنا زهير ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى قبل بيت المقدس ستة عشر شهرا أو سبعة عشر شهرا ، وكان يعجبه قبلته قبل البيت وأنه صلى صلاة العصر ، وصلى معه قوم ، فخرج رجل ممن كان يصلي معه ، فمر على أهل المسجد وهم راكعون ، فقال : أشهد بالله لقد صليت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل مكة ، فداروا كما هم قبل البيت .[ ص: 460 ] <br /> وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا إسرائيل ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء [ قال ] لما قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة صلى نحو بيت المقدس ستة عشر شهرا أو سبعة عشر شهرا ، وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يحب أن يحول نحو الكعبة ، فنزلت :(قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء[فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها]) فصرف إلى الكعبة . <br /> وروى النسائي عن أبي سعيد بن المعلى قال : كنا نغدو إلى المسجد على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فنمر على المسجد فنصلي فيه ، فمررنا يوما ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قاعد على المنبر فقلت : لقد حدث أمر ، فجلست ، فقرأ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هذه الآية : ( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها ) حتى فرغ من الآية . فقلت لصاحبي : تعال نركع ركعتين قبل أن ينزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فنكون أول من صلى ، فتوارينا فصليناهما . ثم نزل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فصلى للناس الظهر يومئذ . <br /> وكذا روى ابن مردويه ، عن ابن عمر : أن أول صلاة صلاها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى الكعبة صلاة الظهر ، وأنها الصلاة الوسطى . والمشهور أن أول صلاة صلاها إلى الكعبة صلاة العصر ، ولهذا تأخر الخبر عن أهل قباء إلى صلاة الفجر . <br /> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه : حدثنا سليمان بن أحمد ، حدثنا الحسين بن إسحاق التستري ، حدثنا رجاء بن محمد السقطي ، حدثنا إسحاق بن إدريس ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن جعفر ، حدثني أبي ، عن جدته أم أبيه نويلة بنت مسلم ، قالت : صلينا الظهر أو العصر في مسجد بني حارثة ، فاستقبلنا مسجد إيلياء فصلينا ركعتين ، ثم جاء من يحدثنا أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد استقبل البيت الحرام ، فتحول النساء مكان الرجال ، والرجال مكان النساء ، فصلينا السجدتين الباقيتين ، ونحن مستقبلون البيت الحرام . فحدثني رجل من بني حارثة أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " أولئك رجال يؤمنون بالغيب " . <br /> وقال ابن مردويه أيضا : حدثنا محمد بن علي بن دحيم ، حدثنا أحمد بن حازم ، حدثنا مالك بن إسماعيل النهدي ، حدثنا قيس ، عن زياد بن علاقة ، عن عمارة بن أوس قال : بينما نحن في الصلاة نحو بيت المقدس ، ونحن ركوع ، إذ أتى مناد بالباب : أن القبلة قد حولت إلى الكعبة . قال : فأشهد على إمامنا أنه انحرف فتحول هو والرجال والصبيان ، وهم ركوع ، نحو الكعبة <br /> وقوله : ( وحيثما كنتم فولوا وجوهكم شطره ) أمر تعالى باستقبال الكعبة من جميع جهات الأرض ، شرقا وغربا وشمالا وجنوبا ، ولا يستثنى من هذا شيء ، سوى النافلة في حال السفر ، فإنه [ ص: 461 ] يصليها حيثما توجه قالبه ، وقلبه نحو الكعبة . وكذا في حال المسايفة في القتال يصلي على كل حال ، وكذا من جهل جهة القبلة يصلي باجتهاده ، وإن كان مخطئا في نفس الأمر ، لأن الله تعالى لا يكلف نفسا إلا وسعها . <br /> مسألة : وقد استدل المالكية بهذه الآية على أن المصلي ينظر أمامه لا إلى موضع سجوده كما ذهب إليه الشافعي وأحمد وأبو حنيفة ، قال المالكية لقوله : ( فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام ) فلو نظر إلى موضع سجوده لاحتاج أن يتكلف ذلك بنوع من الانحناء وهو ينافي كمال القيام . وقال بعضهم : ينظر المصلي في قيامه إلى صدره . وقال شريك القاضي : ينظر في حال قيامه إلى موضع سجوده كما قال جمهور الجماعة ، لأنه أبلغ في الخضوع وآكد في الخشوع وقد ورد به الحديث ، وأما في حال ركوعه فإلى موضع قدميه ، وفي حال سجوده إلى موضع أنفه وفي حال قعوده إلى حجره . <br /> وقوله : ( وإن الذين أوتوا الكتاب ليعلمون أنه الحق من ربهم ) أي : واليهود الذين أنكروا استقبالكم الكعبة وانصرافكم عن بيت المقدس يعلمون أن الله تعالى سيوجهك إليها ، بما في كتبهم عن أنبيائهم ، من النعت والصفة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأمته ، وما خصه الله تعالى به وشرفه من الشريعة الكاملة العظيمة ، ولكن أهل الكتاب يتكاتمون ذلك بينهم حسدا وكفرا وعنادا ; ولهذا يهددهم تعالى بقوله : ( وما الله بغافل عما يعملون ) . <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: blue;">95</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><br />( ولئن أتيت الذين أوتوا الكتاب بكل آية ما تبعوا قبلتك وما أنت بتابع قبلتهم وما بعضهم بتابع قبلة بعض ولئن اتبعت أهواءهم من بعد ما جاءك من العلم إنك إذا لمن الظالمين ( 145 ) )</span></span> <br /> يخبر تعالى عن كفر اليهود وعنادهم ، ومخالفتهم ما يعرفونه من شأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وأنه لو أقام عليهم كل دليل على صحة ما جاءهم به ، لما اتبعوه وتركوا أهواءهم كما قال تعالى : ( إن الذين حقت عليهم كلمة ربك لا يؤمنون ولو جاءتهم كل آية حتى يروا العذاب الأليم ) [ يونس : 96 ، 97 ] ولهذا قال هاهنا : ( ولئن أتيت الذين أوتوا الكتاب بكل آية ما تبعوا قبلتك ) . <br /> وقوله ( وما أنت بتابع قبلتهم [ وما بعضهم بتابع قبلة بعض ] ) إخبار عن شدة متابعة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لما أمره الله تعالى به ، وأنه كما هم مستمسكون بآرائهم وأهوائهم ، فهو أيضا مستمسك بأمر الله وطاعته واتباع مرضاته ، وأنه لا يتبع أهواءهم في جميع أحواله ، وما كان متوجها إلى بيت المقدس ; لأنها قبلة اليهود ، وإنما ذلك عن أمر الله تعالى . ثم حذر [ الله ] تعالى عن مخالفة [ ص: 462 ] الحق الذي يعلمه العالم إلى الهوى ; فإن العالم الحجة عليه أقوم من غيره . ولهذا قال مخاطبا للرسول ، والمراد الأمة : ( ولئن أتيت الذين أوتوا الكتاب بكل آية ما تبعوا قبلتك وما أنت بتابع قبلتهم وما بعضهم بتابع قبلة بعض ولئن اتبعت أهواءهم من بعد ما جاءك من العلم إنك إذا لمن الظالمين ) [ البقرة : 145 ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;">96</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br />( الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنْهُمْ لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ( 146 ) الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ ( 147 ) ) </span></span><br /> يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ عُلَمَاءَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يَعْرِفُونَ صِحَّةَ مَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ ] كَمَا يَعْرِفُ أَحَدُهُمْ وَلَدَهُ ، وَالْعَرَبُ كَانَتْ تَضْرِبُ الْمِثْلَ فِي صِحَّةِ الشَّيْءِ بِهَذَا ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مَعَهُ صَغِيرٌ : " ابْنُكُ هَذَا ؟ " قَالَ : نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَشْهَدُ بِهِ . قَالَ : " أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ وَلَا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ " . <br /> [ قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ : أَتَعْرِفُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا تَعْرِفُ وَلَدَكَ ابْنَكَ ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ وَأَكْثَرَ ، نَزَلَ الْأَمِينُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ عَلَى الْأَمِينِ ، فِي الْأَرْضِ بِنَعْتِهِ فَعَرَفْتُهُ ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ . قُلْتُ : وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْمُرَادُ ( يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ ) مِنْ بَيْنِ أَبْنَاءِ النَّاسِ لَا يَشُكُّ أَحَدٌ وَلَا يَتَمَارَى فِي مَعْرِفَةِ ابْنِهِ إِذَا رَآهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَبْنَاءِ النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ ] . <br /> ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُمْ مَعَ هَذَا التَّحَقُّقِ وَالْإِتْقَانِ الْعِلْمِيِّ ( لَيَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ ) أَيْ : لَيَكْتُمُونِ النَّاسَ مَا فِي كُتُبِهِمْ مِنْ صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ( وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ) <br /> ثُمَّ ثَبَّتَ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِأَنَّ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الذِي لَا مِرْيَةَ فِيهِ وَلَا شَكَّ ، فَقَالَ : ( الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ ) <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;">97</span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #660000;"><br />( وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يَأْتِ بِكُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( 148 ) </span></span> <br /> قَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا ) يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ : أَهْلَ الْأَدْيَانِ ، يَقُولُ : لِكُلٍّ قِبْلَةٌ يَرْضَوْنَهَا ، وَوِجْهَةُ اللَّهِ حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ . <br />وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا ، وَلِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا ، وَهَدَاكُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَيَّتُهَا الْأُمَّةُ [ الْمُوقِنُونَ ] لِلْقِبْلَةِ التِي هِيَ الْقِبْلَةُ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ نَحْوَ هَذَا.[ ص: 463 ] <br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى : وَلَكِنْ أَمَرَ كُلَّ قَوْمٍ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ . <br /> وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ ، وَابْنُ عَامِرٍ : " وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلَّاهَا " . <br /> وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ شَبِيهَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعًا )[الْمَائِدَةِ : 48] . <br /> وَقَالَ هَاهُنَا : ( أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يَأْتِ بِكُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ) أَيْ : هُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى جَمْعِكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ، وَإِنْ تَفَرَّقَتْ أَجْسَادُكُمْ وَأَبْدَانُكُمْ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;">98</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><br />( وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِنَّهُ لَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ( 149 ) وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُمَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ ( 150 ) </span></span><br /> هَذَا أَمْرٌ ثَالِثٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِاسْتِقْبَالِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ، مِنْ جَمِيعِ أَقْطَارِ الْأَرْضِ . <br /> وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي حِكْمَةِ هَذَا التَّكْرَارِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ، فَقِيلَ : تَأْكِيدٌ لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ نَاسِخٍ وَقَعَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عَلَى مَا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَقِيلَ : بَلْ هُوَ مُنَزَّلٌ عَلَى أَحْوَالِ ، فَالْأَمْرُ الْأَوَّلُ لِمَنْ هُوَ مُشَاهِدٌ الْكَعْبَةَ ، وَالثَّانِي لِمَنْ هُوَ فِي مَكَّةَ غَائِبًا عَنْهَا ، وَالثَّالِثُ لِمَنْ هُوَ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْبُلْدَانِ ، هَكَذَا وَجَّهَهُ فَخْرُ الدِّينِ الرَّازِيُّ . وَقَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : الْأَوَّلُ لِمَنْ هُوَ بِمَكَّةَ ، وَالثَّانِي لِمَنْ هُوَ فِي بَقِيَّةِ الْأَمْصَارِ ، وَالثَّالِثُ لِمَنْ خَرَجَ ، فِي الْأَسْفَارِ ، وَرَجَّحَ هَذَا الْجَوَابَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ ، وَقِيلَ : إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِتَعَلُّقِهِ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ السِّيَاقِ ، فَقَالَ : أَوَّلًا ( قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلْبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ ) فَذَكَرَ فِي هَذَا الْمَقَامِ إِجَابَتَهُ إِلَى طَلَبَتِهِ وَأَمْرِهِ بِالْقِبْلَةِ التِي كَانَ يَوَدُّ التَّوَجُّهَ إِلَيْهَا وَيَرْضَاهَا ; وَقَالَ فِي الْأَمْرِ الثَّانِي : ( وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِنَّهُ لَلْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ) فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَارْتَقَى عَنِ الْمَقَامِ الْأَوَّلِ ، حَيْثُ كَانَ مُوَافِقًا لِرِضَا الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَيَّنَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَيْضًا مِنَ اللَّهِ يُحِبُّهُ وَيَرْتَضِيهِ ، وَذَكَرَ فِي الْأَمْرِ الثَّالِثِ حِكْمَةُ قَطْعِ حُجَّةِ الْمُخَالَفِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَتَحَجَّجُونَ بِاسْتِقْبَالِ الرَّسُولِ إِلَى قِبْلَتِهِمْ ، وَقَدْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ بِمَا فِي كُتُبِهِمْ أَنَّهُ سَيُصْرَفُ إِلَى قِبْلَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ ، وَكَذَلِكَ مُشْرِكُو الْعَرَبِ انْقَطَعَتْ حُجَّتُهُمْ لَمَّا صُرِفَ الرَّسُولُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ قِبْلَةِ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى قِبْلَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التِي هِيَ أَشْرَفُ ، وَقَدْ كَانُوا يُعَظِّمُونَ الْكَعْبَةَ وَأَعْجَبَهُمُ اسْتِقْبَالُ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهَا ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَجْوِبَةِ عَنْ حِكْمَةِ التَّكْرَارِ ، وَقَدْ بَسَطَهَا فَخْرُ الدِّينِ وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ . [ ص: 464 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ ) أَيْ : أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ ; فَإِنَّهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ مِنْ صِفَةِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ التَّوَجُّهَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ ، فَإِذَا فَقَدُوا ذَلِكَ مِنْ صِفَتِهَا رُبَّمَا احْتَجُّوا بِهَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ لِئَلَّا يَحْتَجُّوا بِمُوَافَقَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِيَّاهُمْ فِي التَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ . وَهَذَا أَظْهَرُ . <br /> قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : ( لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ ) يَعْنِي بِهِ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ حِينَ قَالُوا : صُرِفَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ . <br /> وَقَالُوا : اشْتَاقَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى بَيْتِ أَبِيهِ وَدِينِ قَوْمِهِ . وَكَانَ حُجَّتُهُمْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْصِرَافَهُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ أَنْ قَالُوا : سَيَرْجِعُ إِلَى دِينِنَا كَمَا رَجَعَ إِلَى قِبْلَتِنَا . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ ، نَحْوَ هَذَا . <br /> وَقَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( إِلَّا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ ) يَعْنِي : مُشْرِكِي قُرَيْشٍ . <br /> وَوَجَّهَ بَعْضُهُمْ حُجَّةَ الظَّلَمَةِ وَهِيَ دَاحِضَةٌ أَنْ قَالُوا : إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ عَلَى دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : فَإِنْ كَانَ تَوَجُّهُهُ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ عَلَى مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، فَلِمَ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ ؟ وَالْجَوَابُ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى اخْتَارَ لَهُ التَّوَجُّهَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَوَّلًا لِمَا لَهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ ، فَأَطَاعَ رَبَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ صَرَفَهُ إِلَى قِبْلَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَهِيَ الْكَعْبَةُ فَامْتَثَلَ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا ، فَهُوَ ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ ، مُطِيعٌ لِلَّهِ فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِهِ ، لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ ، وَأُمَّتُهُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِي ) أَيْ : لَا تَخْشَوْا شُبَهَ الظَّلَمَةِ الْمُتَعَنِّتِينَ ، وَأَفْرِدُوا الْخَشْيَةَ لِي ، فَإِنَّهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ أَهْلٌ أَنْ يُخْشَى مِنْهُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ ) عَطْفٌ عَلَى ( لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ ) أَيْ : وَلِأُتِمَّ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا شَرَعْتُ لَكُمْ مِنَ اسْتِقْبَالِ الْكَعْبَةِ ، لِتَكْمُلَ لَكُمُ الشَّرِيعَةُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ وُجُوهِهَا ( وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ ) أَيْ : إِلَى مَا ضَلَّتْ عَنْهُ الْأُمَمُ هَدَيْنَاكُمْ إِلَيْهِ ، وَخَصَصْنَاكُمْ بِهِ ، وَلِهَذَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ أَشْرَفَ الْأُمَمِ وَأَفْضَلَهَا . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;">99</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><br />( كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًا مِنْكُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْلَمُونَ ( 151 ) فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ ( 152 ) </span></span><br /> يُذَكِّرُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا أَنْعَمَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ بِعْثَةِ الرَّسُولِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ ، يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ ، أَيْ : يُطَهِّرُهُمْ مِنْ رَذَائِلِ الْأَخْلَاقِ وَدَنَسِ النُّفُوسِ وَأَفْعَالِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، وَيُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلَمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ ، وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَهُوَ الْقُرْآنُ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَهِيَ السُّنَّةُ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمْ مَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَعْلَمُونَ . فَكَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْجَهْلَاءَ يُسَفَّهُونَ بِالْقَوْلِ الْفَرَى ، فَانْتَقَلُوا بِبَرَكَةِ رِسَالَتِهِ ، وَيُمْنِ سِفَارَتِهِ ، إِلَى حَالِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ ، وَسَجَايَا الْعُلَمَاءِ فَصَارُوا أَعْمَقَ النَّاسِ عِلْمًا ، وَأَبَرَّهُمْ قُلُوبًا ، وَأَقَلَّهُمْ تَكَلُّفًا ، وَأَصْدَقَهُمْ لَهْجَةً . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ ) [ ص: 465 ] الْآيَةَ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 164 ] . وَذَمَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ قَدْرَ هَذِهِ النِّعْمَةِ ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 28 ] . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : يَعْنِي بِنِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ; وَلِهَذَا نَدَبَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى الِاعْتِرَافِ بِهَذِهِ النِّعْمَةِ وَمُقَابَلَتِهَا بِذِكْرِهِ وَشُكْرِهِ ، فَقَالَ : ( فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ ) . <br /> قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( كَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولًا مِنْكُمْ ) يَقُولُ : كَمَا فَعَلْتُ فَاذْكُرُونِي . <br /> قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : أَنَّ مُوسَى ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، قَالَ : يَا رَبِّ ، كَيْفَ أَشْكُرُكَ ؟ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ : تَذْكُرُنِي وَلَا تَنْسَانِي ، فَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَنِي فَقَدْ شَكَرْتَنِي ، وَإِذَا نَسِيتَنِي فَقَدْ كَفَرْتَنِي . <br /> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ ، وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَذْكُرُ مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ ، وَيَزِيدُ مَنْ شَكَرَهُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ كَفَرَهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 102 ] قَالَ : هُوَ أَنْ يُطَاعَ فَلَا يُعْصَى ، وَيُذْكَرَ فَلَا يُنْسَى ، وَيُشْكَرَ فَلَا يُكْفَرَ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَارَةُ الصَّيْدَلَانِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَكْحُولٌ الْأَزْدِيُّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ : أَرَأَيْتَ قَاتِلَ النَّفْسِ ، وَشَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَالسَّارِقَ وَالزَّانِي يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) ؟ قَالَ : إِذَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ هَذَا ذَكَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِلَعْنَتِهِ ، حَتَّى يَسْكُتَ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) قَالَ : اذْكُرُونِي ، فِيمَا افْتَرَضْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَذْكُرْكُمْ فِيمَا أَوْجَبْتُ لَكُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِي . <br /> وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ : اذْكُرُونِي بِطَاعَتِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ بِمَغْفِرَتِي ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ : بِرَحْمَتِي . <br /> وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ( فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ ) قَالَ : ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ إِيَّاكُمْ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ ذِكْرِكُمْ إِيَّاهُ . <br /> وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ : " يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي ، وَمَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي مَلَأٍ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَلَأٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْهُ " . <br /> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ ، إِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي نَفْسِكَ ذَكَرْتُكَ فِي نَفْسِي ، وَإِنْ ذَكَرْتَنِي فِي مَلَأٍ ذَكَرْتُكَ ، فِي مَلَأٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَوْ قَالَ : [ فِي ] مَلَأٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْهُمْ ، وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي شِبْرًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ ذِرَاعًا ، وَإِنْ دَنَوْتَ مِنِّي ذِرَاعًا دَنَوْتُ مِنْكَ بَاعًا ، وَإِنْ أَتَيْتَنِي تَمْشِي أَتَيْتُكَ أُهَرْوِلُ " <br /> صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ : أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ . وَعِنْدَهُ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ : اللَّهُ أَقْرَبُ بِالرَّحْمَةِ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ ) أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِشُكْرِهِ ، وَوَعَدَهُ عَلَى شُكْرِهِ بِمَزِيدِ الْخَيْرِ ، فَقَالَ : ( وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 7 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ : حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ فَضَالَةَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَيْسٍ [ ص: ] حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ ، قَالَ : خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مِطْرَفٌ مِنْ خَزٍّ لَمْ نَرَهُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ نِعْمَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرَى أَثَرَ نِعْمَتِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ " . وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ مَرَّةً : " عَلَى عَبْدِهِ " . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">100</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br />( يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ ( 153 ) <br /> (وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ وَلَكِنْ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ ( 154 ) </span></span><br /> لَمَّا فَرَغَ تَعَالَى مِنْ بَيَانِ الْأَمْرِ بِالشُّكْرِ شَرَعَ فِي بَيَانِ الصَّبْرِ ، وَالْإِرْشَادِ إِلَى الِاسْتِعَانَةِ بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ ، فَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي نِعْمَةٍ فَيَشْكُرُ عَلَيْهَا ، أَوْ فِي نِقْمَةٍ فَيَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهَا ; كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : " عَجَبًا لِلْمُؤْمِنِ ، لَا يَقْضِي اللَّهُ لَهُ قَضَاءً إِلَّا كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ : إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ ، فَشَكَرَ ، كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ ; وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ فَصَبَرَ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ " . <br /> وَبَيِّنَ تَعَالَى أَنَّ أَجْوَدَ مَا يُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ عَلَى تَحَمُّلِ الْمَصَائِبِ الصَّبْرُ وَالصَّلَاةُ ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّهَا لَكَبِيرَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 45 ] . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا حَزَبَهُ أَمْرٌ صَلَّى . وَالصَّبْرُ صَبْرَانِ ، فَصَبْرٌ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَالْمَآثِمِ ، وَصَبْرٌ عَلَى فِعْلِ الطَّاعَاتِ وَالْقُرُبَاتِ . وَالثَّانِي أَكْثَرُ ثَوَابًا لِأَنَّهُ الْمَقْصُودُ . كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : الصَّبْرُ فِي بَابَيْنِ ، الصَّبْرُ لِلَّهِ بِمَا أَحَبَّ ، وَإِنْ ثَقُلَ عَلَى الْأَنْفُسِ وَالْأَبْدَانِ ، وَالصَّبْرُ لِلَّهِ عَمَّا كَرِهَ وَإِنْ نَازَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ الْأَهْوَاءُ . فَمَنْ كَانَ هَكَذَا ، فَهُوَ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ الَّذِينَ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ . <br />وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ زَيْنُ الْعَابِدِينَ : إِذَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ : أَيْنَ الصَّابِرُونَ لِيَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ قَبْلَ الْحِسَابِ ؟ قَالَ : فَيَقُومُ عُنُقٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ ، فَتَتَلَقَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ، فَيَقُولُونَ : إِلَى أَيْنَ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ : إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ . فَيَقُولُونَ : وَقَبْلَ الْحِسَابِ ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، قَالُوا : وَمَنْ أَنْتُمْ ؟ قَالُوا : الصَّابِرُونَ ، قَالُوا : وَمَا كَانَ صَبْرُكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا : صَبَرْنَا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَصَبَرْنَا عَنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، حَتَّى تَوَفَّانَا اللَّهُ . قَالُوا : أَنْتُمْ كَمَا قُلْتُمُ ، ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ ، فَنِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَيَشْهَدُ لِهَذَا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ ) [ الزُّمَرِ : 10 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : الصَّبْرُ اعْتِرَافُ الْعَبْدِ لِلَّهِ بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهُ ، وَاحْتِسَابُهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ رَجَاءَ ثَوَابِهِ ، وَقَدْ يَجْزَعُ الرَّجُلُ وَهُوَ مُتَجَلِّدٌ لَا يُرَى مِنْهُ إِلَّا الصَّبْرُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ ) يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ الشُّهَدَاءَ فِي بَرْزَخِهِمْ أَحْيَاءٌ يُرْزَقُونَ ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ : " إِنَّ أَرْوَاحَ الشُّهَدَاءِ فِي حَوَاصِلِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَسْرَحُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَى قَنَادِيلَ مُعَلَّقَةٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ اطِّلَاعَةً ، [ ص: 467 ] فَقَالَ : مَاذَا تَبْغُونَ ؟ فَقَالُوا : يَا رَبَّنَا ، وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ نَبْغِي ، وَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتَنَا مَا لَمْ تُعْطِ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ ؟ ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُتْرَكُونَ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوا ، قَالُوا : نُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرُدَّنَا إِلَى الدَّارِ الدُّنْيَا ، فَنُقَاتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ ، حَتَّى نُقْتَلَ فِيكَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى ; لِمَا يَرَوْنَ مِنْ ثَوَابِ الشَّهَادَةِ فَيَقُولُ الرَّبُّ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ : إِنِّي كَتَبْتُ أَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهَا لَا يَرْجِعُونَ " . <br /> وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " نَسَمَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ تَعْلَقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ ، حَتَّى يُرْجِعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُ " . <br /> فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ لِعُمُومِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيْضًا ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الشُّهَدَاءُ قَدْ خُصِّصُوا بِالذِّكْرِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ، تَشْرِيفًا لَهُمْ وَتَكْرِيمًا وَتَعْظِيمًا . <br /><a href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=49&ID=54&idfrom=51&idto=234&bookid=49&startno=90#docu">يأتي</a> 101 ان شاء الله</span></b></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-15971138535372404342017-02-09T03:21:00.013-08:002017-02-09T03:21:54.264-08:0013<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-26311962104611793732017-02-09T03:21:00.011-08:002017-02-14T22:42:50.903-08:0013 من قوله تعالي(وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس..)الي(قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا..)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span></span><span style="color: white;"></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;">83 </span></span></span><span style="color: white;"></span></span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"></span></span></span></b> (وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس وأمنا واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ( 125 )</span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : قوله تعالى : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس ) يقول : لا يقضون منه وطرا ، يأتونه ، ثم يرجعون إلى أهليهم ، ثم يعودون إليه . <br /> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( مثابة للناس ) يقول : يثوبون . <br /> رواهما ابن جرير . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : أخبرنا أبي ، أخبرنا عبد الله بن رجاء ، أخبرنا إسرائيل ، عن مسلم ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله تعالى : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس ) قال : يثوبون إليه ثم يرجعون . قال : وروي عن أبي العالية ، وسعيد بن جبير في رواية وعطاء ، ومجاهد ، والحسن ، وعطية ، والربيع بن أنس ، والضحاك ، نحو ذلك . وقال ابن جرير : حدثني عبد الكريم بن أبي عمير ، حدثني الوليد بن مسلم قال : قال أبو عمرو يعني الأوزاعي حدثني عبدة بن أبي لبابة ، في قوله تعالى : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس ) قال : لا ينصرف عنه منصرف وهو يرى أنه قد قضى منه وطرا . <br /> وحدثني يونس ، عن ابن وهب ، قال : قال ابن زيد : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس ) قال : يثوبون إليه من البلدان كلها ويأتونه . <br /> [ وما أحسن ما قال الشاعر في هذا المعنى ، أورده القرطبي : <br />جعل البيت مثابا لهم ليس منه الدهر يقضون الوطر ] <br /> وقال سعيد بن جبير في الرواية الأخرى وعكرمة ، وقتادة ، وعطاء الخراساني ( مثابة للناس ) أي : مجمعا . <br /> ( وأمنا ) قال الضحاك عن ابن عباس:أي أمنا للناس[ص: 413] <br /> وقال أبو جعفر الرازي ، عن الربيع بن أنس ، عن أبي العالية : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس وأمنا ) يقول : أمنا من العدو ، وأن يحمل فيه السلاح ، وقد كانوا في الجاهلية يتخطف الناس من حولهم ، وهم آمنون لا يسبون . <br /> وروي عن مجاهد ، وعطاء ، والسدي ، وقتادة ، والربيع بن أنس ، قالوا : من دخله كان آمنا . <br /> ومضمون ما فسر به هؤلاء الأئمة هذه الآية : أن الله تعالى يذكر شرف البيت وما جعله موصوفا به شرعا وقدرا من كونه مثابة للناس ، أي : جعله محلا تشتاق إليه الأرواح وتحن إليه ، ولا تقضي منه وطرا ، ولو ترددت إليه كل عام ، استجابة من الله تعالى لدعاء خليله إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، في قوله : ( فاجعل أفئدة من الناس تهوي إليهم ) إلى أن قال : ( ربنا وتقبل دعاء ) [ إبراهيم : 37 - 40 ] ويصفه تعالى بأنه جعله أمنا ، من دخله أمن ، ولو كان قد فعل ما فعل ثم دخله كان آمنا . <br /> وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : كان الرجل يلقى قاتل أبيه وأخيه فيه فلا يعرض له ، كما وصفها في سورة المائدة بقوله تعالى ( جعل الله الكعبة البيت الحرام قياما للناس ) [ المائدة : 97 ] أي : يرفع عنهم بسبب تعظيمها السوء ، كما قال ابن عباس : لو لم يحج الناس هذا البيت لأطبق الله السماء على الأرض ، وما هذا الشرف إلا لشرف بانيه أولا وهو خليل الرحمن ، كما قال تعالى : ( وإذ بوأنا لإبراهيم مكان البيت أن لا تشرك بي شيئا ) [ الحج : 26 ] وقال تعالى : ( إن أول بيت وضع للناس للذي ببكة مباركا وهدى للعالمين فيه آيات بينات مقام إبراهيم ومن دخله كان آمنا ) [ آل عمران : 96 ، 97 ] . <br /> وفي هذه الآية الكريمة نبه على مقام إبراهيم مع الأمر بالصلاة عنده . فقال : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) وقد اختلف المفسرون في المراد بالمقام ما هو ؟ فقال ابن أبي حاتم : أخبرنا عمر بن شبة النميري ، حدثنا أبو خلف يعني عبد الله بن عيسى حدثنا داود بن أبي هند ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عباس : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) قال : مقام إبراهيم : الحرم كله . وروي عن مجاهد وعطاء مثل ذلك . <br /> وقال [ أيضا ] حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح ، حدثنا حجاج ، عن ابن جريج ، قال : سألت عطاء عن ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) فقال : سمعت ابن عباس قال : أما مقام إبراهيم الذي ذكر هاهنا ، فمقام إبراهيم هذا الذي في المسجد ، ثم قال : و ( مقام إبراهيم ) يعد كثير ، " مقام إبراهيم " الحج كله . ثم فسره لي عطاء فقال : التعريف ، وصلاتان بعرفة ، والمشعر ، ومنى ، ورمي الجمار ، والطواف بين الصفا والمروة . فقلت : أفسره ابن عباس ؟ قال : لا ولكن قال : مقام إبراهيم : الحج كله . قلت :أسمعت ذلك ؟لهذا أجمع . قال : نعم ، سمعته منه<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">[ص: 414] </span></span><br /> وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن عبد الله بن مسلم ، عن سعيد بن جبير : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) قال : الحجر مقام إبراهيم نبي الله ، قد جعله الله رحمة ، فكان يقوم عليه ويناوله إسماعيل الحجارة . ولو غسل رأسه كما يقولون لاختلف رجلاه . <br /> [ وقال السدي : المقام : الحجر الذي وضعته زوجة إسماعيل تحت قدم إبراهيم حتى غسلت رأسه . حكاه القرطبي ، وضعفه ورجحه غيره ، وحكاه الرازي في تفسيره عن الحسن البصري وقتادة والربيع بن أنس ] . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح ، حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن عطاء ، عن ابن جريج ، عن جعفر بن محمد ، عن أبيه ، سمع جابرا يحدث عن حجة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : لما طاف النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال له عمر : هذا مقام أبينا إبراهيم ؟ قال : نعم ، قال : أفلا نتخذه مصلى ؟ فأنزل الله ، عز وجل : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) . <br /> وقال عثمان بن أبي شيبة : أخبرنا أبو أسامة ، عن زكريا ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن أبي ميسرة قال : قال عمر : قلت : يا رسول الله ، هذا مقام خليل ربنا ؟ قال : نعم ، قال : أفلا نتخذه مصلى ؟ فنزلت : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) . <br /> وقال ابن مردويه : حدثنا دعلج بن أحمد ، حدثنا غيلان بن عبد الصمد ، حدثنا مسروق بن المرزبان ، حدثنا زكريا بن أبي زائدة ، عن أبي إسحاق عن عمرو بن ميمون عن عمر بن الخطاب أنه مر بمقام إبراهيم فقال : يا رسول الله ، أليس نقوم مقام خليل ربنا ؟ قال : " بلى " . قال : أفلا نتخذه مصلى ؟ فلم يلبث إلا يسيرا حتى نزلت : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) <br /> وقال ابن مردويه : حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن محمد القزويني ، حدثنا علي بن الحسين الجنيد ، حدثنا هشام بن خالد ، حدثنا الوليد ، عن مالك بن أنس ، عن جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه ، عن جابر ، قال : لما وقف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم فتح مكة عند مقام إبراهيم ، قال له عمر : يا رسول الله ، هذا مقام إبراهيم الذي قال الله : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) ؟ قال : " نعم " . قال الوليد : قلت لمالك : هكذا حدثك ( واتخذوا ) قال : نعم . هكذا وقع في هذه الرواية . وهو غريب . <br /> وقد روى النسائي من حديث الوليد بن مسلم نحوه . <br /> وقال البخاري : باب قوله : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) مثابة يثوبون يرجعون .[ ص: 415 ] <br /> حدثنا مسدد ، حدثنا يحيى ، عن حميد ، عن أنس بن مالك . قال : قال عمر بن الخطاب وافقت ربي في ثلاث ، أو وافقني ربي في ثلاث ، قلت : يا رسول الله ، لو اتخذت من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ؟ فنزلت : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) وقلت : يا رسول الله يدخل عليك البر والفاجر ، فلو أمرت أمهات المؤمنين بالحجاب ؟ فأنزل الله آية الحجاب . وقال : وبلغني معاتبة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بعض نسائه ، فدخلت عليهن فقلت : إن انتهيتن أو ليبدلن الله رسوله خيرا منكن ، حتى أتيت إحدى نسائه ، فقالت : يا عمر ، أما في رسول الله ما يعظ نساءه حتى تعظهن أنت ؟ ! فأنزل الله : ( عسى ربه إن طلقكن أن يبدله أزواجا خيرا منكن ) الآية [ التحريم : 5 ] . <br /> وقال ابن أبي مريم : أخبرنا يحيى بن أيوب ، حدثني حميد ، قال : سمعت أنسا عن عمر ، رضي الله عنهما . <br /> هكذا ساقه البخاري هاهنا ، وعلق الطريق الثانية عن شيخه سعيد بن الحكم المعروف بابن أبي مريم المصري . وقد تفرد بالرواية عنه البخاري من بين أصحاب الكتب الستة . وروى عنه الباقون بواسطة ، وغرضه من تعليق هذا الطريق ليبين فيه اتصال إسناد الحديث ، وإنما لم يسنده ; لأن يحيى بن أبي أيوب الغافقي فيه شيء ، كما قال الإمام أحمد فيه : هو سيئ الحفظ ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا هشيم ، حدثنا حميد ، عن أنس ، قال : قال عمر رضي الله عنه وافقت ربي عز وجل في ثلاث ، قلت : يا رسول الله ، لو اتخذنا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ؟ فنزلت : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) وقلت : يا رسول الله ، إن نساءك يدخل عليهن البر والفاجر ، فلو أمرتهن أن يحتجبن ؟ فنزلت آية الحجاب . واجتمع على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نساؤه في الغيرة فقلت لهن : ( عسى ربه إن طلقكن أن يبدله أزواجا خيرا منكن ) [ التحريم : 5 ] فنزلت كذلك . ثم رواه أحمد ، عن يحيى وابن أبي عدي ، كلاهما عن حميد ، عن أنس ، عن عمر أنه قال : وافقت ربي في ثلاث ، أو وافقني ربي في ثلاث فذكره . <br /> وقد رواه البخاري عن عمرو بن عون والترمذي عن أحمد بن منيع ، والنسائي عن يعقوب بن إبراهيم الدورقي ، وابن ماجه عن محمد بن الصباح ، كلهم عن هشيم بن بشير ، به . ورواه الترمذي أيضا عن عبد بن حميد ، عن حجاج بن منهال ، عن حماد بن سلمة ، والنسائي عن هناد ، عن [ ص: 416 ] يحيى بن أبي زائدة ، كلاهما عن حميد ، وهو ابن تيرويه الطويل ، به . وقال الترمذي : حسن صحيح . ورواه الإمام علي بن المديني عن يزيد بن زريع ، عن حميد به . وقال : هذا من صحيح الحديث ، وهو بصري ، ورواه الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج في صحيحه بسند آخر ، ولفظ آخر ، فقال : حدثنا عقبة بن مكرم ، أخبرنا سعيد بن عامر ، عن جويرية بن أسماء ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، عن عمر ، قال : وافقت ربي في ثلاث : في الحجاب ، وفي أسارى بدر ، وفي مقام إبراهيم . <br /> وقال أبو حاتم الرازي : حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله الأنصاري ، حدثنا حميد الطويل عن أنس بن مالك قال : قال عمر بن الخطاب : وافقني ربي في ثلاث أو وافقت ربي ، قلت : يا رسول الله ، لو اتخذت من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ؟ فنزلت : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) وقلت : يا رسول الله لو حجبت النساء ؟ فنزلت آية الحجاب . والثالثة : لما مات عبد الله بن أبي جاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ليصلي عليه . قلت : يا رسول الله ، تصلي على هذا الكافر المنافق ! فقال : " إيها عنك يا ابن الخطاب " فنزلت : ( ولا تصل على أحد منهم مات أبدا ولا تقم على قبره ) [ التوبة : 84 ] . <br /> وهذا إسناد صحيح أيضا ، ولا تعارض بين هذا ولا هذا ، بل الكل صحيح ، ومفهوم العدد إذا عارضه منطوق قدم عليه ، والله أعلم <br /> وقال ابن جريج أخبرني جعفر بن محمد ، عن أبيه عن جابر : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رمل ثلاثة أشواط ، ومشى أربعا ، حتى إذا فرغ عمد إلى مقام إبراهيم فصلى خلفه ركعتين ، ثم قرأ : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) <br /> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا يوسف بن سلمان حدثنا حاتم بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد عن أبيه ، عن جابر قال : استلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الركن ، فرمل ثلاثا ، ومشى أربعا ، ثم تقدم إلى مقام إبراهيم ، فقرأ : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) فجعل المقام بينه وبين البيت ، فصلى ركعتين . <br /> وهذا قطعة من الحديث الطويل الذي رواه مسلم في صحيحه ، من حديث حاتم بن إسماعيل . <br /> وروى البخاري بسنده ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، قال : سمعت ابن عمر يقول : قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فطاف بالبيت سبعا ، وصلى خلف المقام ركعتين . <br /> فهذا كله مما يدل على أن المراد بالمقام إنما هو الحجر الذي كان إبراهيم عليه السلام ، يقوم عليه [ ص: 417 ] لبناء الكعبة ، لما ارتفع الجدار أتاه إسماعيل ، عليه السلام ، به ليقوم فوقه ويناوله الحجارة فيضعها بيده لرفع الجدار ، كلما كمل ناحية انتقل إلى الناحية الأخرى ، يطوف حول الكعبة ، وهو واقف عليه ، كلما فرغ من جدار نقله إلى الناحية التي تليها هكذا ، حتى تم جدارات الكعبة ، كما سيأتي بيانه في قصة إبراهيم وإسماعيل في بناء البيت ، من رواية ابن عباس عند البخاري . وكانت آثار قدميه ظاهرة فيه ، ولم يزل هذا معروفا تعرفه العرب في جاهليتها ; ولهذا قال أبو طالب في قصيدته المعروفة اللامية : <br />وموطئ إبراهيم في الصخر رطبة على قدميه حافيا غير ناعل <br /> وقد أدرك المسلمون ذلك فيه أيضا . وقال عبد الله بن وهب : أخبرني يونس بن يزيد ، عن ابن شهاب : أن أنس بن مالك حدثهم ، قال : رأيت المقام فيه أثر أصابعه عليه السلام ، وإخمص قدميه ، غير أنه أذهبه مسح الناس بأيديهم . <br /> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا بشر بن معاذ ، حدثنا يزيد بن زريع ، حدثنا سعيد ، عن قتادة : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) إنما أمروا أن يصلوا عنده ولم يؤمروا بمسحه . ولقد تكلفت هذه الأمة شيئا ما تكلفته الأمم قبلها ، ولقد ذكر لنا من رأى أثر عقبه وأصابعه فيه فما زالت هذه الأمة يمسحونه حتى اخلولق وانمحى <br /> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قلت : </span></span>وقد كان المقام ملصقا بجدار الكعبة قديما ، ومكانه معروف اليوم إلى جانب الباب مما يلي الحجر يمنة الداخل من الباب في البقعة المستقلة هناك ، وكان الخليل ، عليه السلام لما فرغ من بناء البيت وضعه إلى جدار الكعبة أو أنه انتهى عنده البناء فتركه هناك ; ولهذا والله أعلم أمر بالصلاة هناك عند فراغ الطواف ، وناسب أن يكون عند مقام إبراهيم حيث انتهى بناء الكعبة فيه ، وإنما أخره عن جدار الكعبة أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه [ وهو ] أحد الأئمة المهديين والخلفاء الراشدين ، الذين أمرنا باتباعهم ، وهو أحد الرجلين اللذين قال فيهما رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " اقتدوا باللذين من بعدي أبي بكر وعمر " . وهو الذي نزل القرآن بوفاقه في الصلاة عنده ; ولهذا لم ينكر ذلك أحد من الصحابة ، رضي الله عنهم أجمعين . <br /> قال عبد الرزاق ، عن ابن جريج ، حدثني عطاء وغيره من أصحابنا : قالوا : أول من نقله عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه . وقال عبد الرزاق أيضا عن معمر عن حميد الأعرج ، عن مجاهد قال : أول من أخر المقام إلى موضعه الآن ، عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه .[ ص: 418 ] <br /> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين بن علي البيهقي أخبرنا أبو [ الحسين بن ] الفضل القطان ، أخبرنا القاضي أبو بكر أحمد بن كامل ، حدثنا أبو إسماعيل محمد بن إسماعيل السلمي ، حدثنا أبو ثابت ، حدثنا الدراوردي ، عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه عن عائشة رضي الله عنها : أن المقام كان في زمان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وزمان أبي بكر ملتصقا بالبيت ، ثم أخره عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه وهذا إسناد صحيح مع ما تقدم . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا ابن أبي عمر العدني قال : قال سفيان [ يعني ابن عيينة ] وهو إمام المكيين في زمانه : كان المقام في سقع البيت على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فحوله عمر إلى مكانه بعد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وبعد قوله : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) قال : ذهب السيل به بعد تحويل عمر إياه من موضعه هذا ، فرده عمر إليه . <br /> وقال سفيان : لا أدري كم بينه وبين الكعبة قبل تحويله . قال سفيان : لا أدري أكان لاصقا بها أم لا ؟ . <br /> فهذه الآثار متعاضدة على ما ذكرناه ، والله أعلم . <br /> وقد قال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه : حدثنا أبو عمرو ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الوهاب ، حدثنا آدم ، حدثنا شريك ، عن إبراهيم بن مهاجر ، عن مجاهد ، قال : قال عمر : يا رسول الله لو صلينا خلف المقام ؟ فأنزل الله : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) فكان المقام عند البيت فحوله رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى موضعه هذا . قال مجاهد : قد كان عمر يرى الرأي فينزل به القرآن . <br /> هذا مرسل عن مجاهد ، وهو مخالف لما تقدم من رواية عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن حميد الأعرج ، عن مجاهد أن أول من أخر المقام إلى موضعه الآن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه وهذا أصح من طريق ابن مردويه ، مع اعتضاد هذا بما تقدم ، والله أعلم . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">84</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"></span></span></span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ
مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
مُصَلًّى <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا
بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ (125)</span></span></span><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">.</span>.....</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span>وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ( 126 ) </span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br /></span></span></span></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">(وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ( 127 ) </span></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br /></span></span></span></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;">رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ ( 128 ) </span></span></span> </span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ص:419]قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ : قَوْلُهُ:(وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ ) قَالَ : أَمَرَهُمَا اللَّهُ أَنْ يُطَهِّرَاهُ مِنَ الْأَذَى وَالنَّجَسِ وَلَا يُصِيبَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ : مَا عَهْدُهُ ؟ قَالَ : أَمْرُهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ : (وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ ) أَيْ : أَمَرْنَاهُ . كَذَا قَالَ . وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَرْفَ إِنَّمَا عُدِّيَ بِإِلَى ، لِأَنَّهُ فِي مَعْنَى تَقَدَّمْنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَا . <br /> وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَوْلُهُ : (أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ ) قَالَ : مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ . <br /> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : ( طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ ) إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ وَالرَّفَثِ وَقَوْلِ الزُّورِ وَالرِّجْسِ . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعَطَاءٍ وَقَتَادَةَ : ( أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ ) أَيْ : بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ، مِنَ الشِّرْكِ . <br /> وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( لِلطَّائِفِينَ ) فَالطَّوَافُ بِالْبَيْتِ مَعْرُوفٌ . وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( لِلطَّائِفِينَ ) يَعْنِي : مَنْ أَتَاهُ مِنْ غُرْبَةٍ ، ( وَالْعَاكِفِينَ ) الْمُقِيمِينَ فِيهِ . وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ : أَنَّهُمَا فَسَّرَا الْعَاكِفِينَ بِأَهْلِهِ الْمُقِيمِينَ فِيهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ يَحْيَى [ بْنُ ] الْقَطَّانِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( وَالْعَاكِفِينَ ) قَالَ : مَنِ انْتَابَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْصَارِ فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ وَقَالَ لَنَا وَنَحْنُ مُجَاوِرُونَ : أَنْتُمْ مِنَ الْعَاكِفِينَ . <br /> وَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : إِذَا كَانَ جَالِسًا فَهُوَ مِنَ الْعَاكِفِينَ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ قَالَ : قُلْنَا لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ : مَا أُرَانِي إِلَّا مُكَلِّمٌ الْأَمِيرَ أَنْ أَمْنَعَ الَّذِينَ يَنَامُونَ فِي [ ص: 420 ] الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَجْنُبُونَ وَيُحْدِثُونَ . قَالَ : لَا تَفْعَلْ ، فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سُئِلَ عَنْهُمْ ، فَقَالَ : هُمُ الْعَاكِفُونَ . <br /> [ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ، بِهِ ] . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَنَامُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ عَزَبٌ . <br /> وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ) فَقَالَ وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ( وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ) قَالَ : إِذَا كَانَ مُصَلِّيًا فَهُوَ مِنَ الرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ . وَكَذَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ وَقَتَادَةُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : فَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ : وَأَمَرْنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بِتَطْهِيرِ بَيْتِي لِلطَّائِفِينَ . وَالتَّطْهِيرُ الذِي أَمَرَهُمَا بِهِ فِي الْبَيْتِ هُوَ تَطْهِيرُهُ مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ وَعِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ فِيهِ وَمِنَ الشِّرْكِ . ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ سُؤَالًا فَقَالَ : فَإِنْ قِيلَ : فَهَلْ كَانَ قَبْلَ بِنَاءِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الذِي أُمِرَ بِتَطْهِيرِهِ مِنْهُ ؟ وَأَجَابَ بِوَجْهَيْنِ : أَحَدُهُمَا : أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمَا بِتَطْهِيرِهِ مِمَّا كَانَ يُعْبَدُ عِنْدَهُ زَمَانَ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ وَالْأَوْثَانِ لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةً لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُمَا إِذْ كَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ جَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِمَامًا يُقْتَدَى بِهِ كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ : ( أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ ) قَالَ : مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ التِي يَعْبُدُونَ ، التِي كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُعَظِّمُونَهَا . <br /> قُلْتُ : وَهَذَا الْجَوَابُ مُفَرَّعٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُعْبَدُ عِنْدَهُ أَصْنَامٌ قَبْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، وَيَحْتَاجُ إِثْبَاتُ هَذَا إِلَى دَلِيلٍ عَنِ الْمَعْصُومِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . <br /> الْجَوَابُ الثَّانِي : أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يُخْلِصَا [ فِي ] بِنَائِهِ لِلَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، فَيَبْنِيَاهُ مُطَهَّرًا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ وَالرَّيْبِ ، كَمَا قَالَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ : ( أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى تَقْوَى مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٍ خَيْرٌ أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٍ ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 109 ] قَالَ : فَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ : ( وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ ) أَيِ : ابْنِيَا بَيْتِي عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ بِي وَالرَّيْبِ ، كَمَا قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : ( أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ ) ابْنِيَا بَيْتِي لِلطَّائِفِينَ . <br /> وَمُلَخَّصُ هَذَا الْجَوَابِ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ ، أَنْ يَبْنِيَا الْكَعْبَةَ عَلَى اسْمِهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لِلطَّائِفِينَ بِهِ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ عِنْدَهُ ، وَالْمُصَلِّينَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ) الْآيَاتِ [ الْحَجِّ : 26 ] .[ وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْفُقَهَاءُ : أَيُّمَا أَفْضَلُ ، الصَّلَاةُ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ أَوِ الطَّوَافُ ؟ فَقَالَ مَالِكٌ : الطَّوَافُ بِهِ لِأَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَهُ ، وَقَالَ الْجُمْهُورُ : الصَّلَاةُ أَفْضَلُ مُطْلَقًا ، وَتَوْجِيهُ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا يُذْكَرُ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَحْكَامِ ][ ص: 421 ] <br /> وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّدُّ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُشْرِكُونَ بِاللَّهِ عِنْدَ بَيْتِهِ ، الْمُؤَسَّسِ عَلَى عِبَادَتِهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، ثُمَّ مَعَ ذَلِكَ يَصُدُّونَ أَهْلَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنْهُ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 25 ] . <br /> ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنَّمَا أُسِّسَ لِمَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، إِمَّا بِطَوَافٍ أَوْ صَلَاةٍ ، فَذَكَرَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَجِّ أَجْزَاءَهَا الثَّلَاثَةَ : قِيَامَهَا ، وَرُكُوعَهَا ، وَسُجُودَهَا ، وَلَمْ يُذْكَرِ الْعَاكِفِينَ لِأَنَّهُ تَقَدَّمَ ( سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ ) وَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ ذَكَرَ الطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ ، وَاجْتَزَأَ بِذِكْرِ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ عَنِ الْقِيَامِ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ عُلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ رُكُوعٌ وَلَا سُجُودٌ إِلَّا بَعْدَ قِيَامٍ . وَفِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا رَدٌّ عَلَى مَنْ لَا يَحُجُّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ : الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى ; لِأَنَّهُمْ يَعْتَقِدُونَ فَضِيلَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ وَعَظْمَتِهِ ، وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ بَنَى هَذَا الْبَيْتَ لِلطَّوَافِ فِي الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَلِلْاعْتِكَافِ وَالصَّلَاةِ عِنْدَهُ وَهُمْ لَا يَفْعَلُونَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُونَ مُقْتَدِينَ بِالْخَلِيلِ ، وَهُمْ لَا يَفْعَلُونَ مَا شَرَعَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ؟ وَقَدْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ الْمَعْصُومُ الذِي لَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى ( إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى ) [ النَّجْمِ : 4 ] . <br /> وَتَقْدِيرُ الْكَلَامِ إِذًا : ( وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ ) [ أَيْ : تَقَدَّمْنَا لِوَحْيِنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ ] ( أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ) أَيْ : طَهِّرَاهُ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ وَالرَّيْبِ وَابْنِيَاهُ خَالِصًا لِلَّهِ ، مَعْقِلًا لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ . وَتَطْهِيرُ الْمَسَاجِدِ مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَمِنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ ) [ النُّورِ : 36 ] وَمِنَ السُّنَةِ مِنْ أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةٍ ، مِنَ الْأَمْرِ بِتَطْهِيرِهَا وَتَطْيِيبِهَا وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ ، مِنْ صِيَانَتِهَا مِنَ الْأَذَى وَالنَّجَاسَاتِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ . وَلِهَذَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ : " إِنَّمَا بُنِيَتِ الْمَسَاجِدُ لِمَا بُنِيَتْ لَهُ " . وَقَدْ جَمَعْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ جُزْءًا عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ . <br /> وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي أَوَّلِ مَنْ بَنَى الْكَعْبَةَ ، فَقِيلَ : الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَبْلَ آدَمَ ، وَرُوِيَ هَذَا عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ، ذَكَرَهُ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ وَحَكَى لَفْظَهُ ، وَفِيهِ غَرَابَةٌ ، وَقِيلَ : آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، رَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ : أَنَّ آدَمَ بَنَاهُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَجْبُلٍ : مِنْ حِرَاءٍ وَطُورِ سَيْنَاءَ وَطَوْرِ زَيْتَا وَجَبَلِ لِبْنَانَ وَالْجُودِيِّ ، وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ أَيْضًا . وَرُوِيَ نَحْوَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ وَقَتَادَةَ وَعَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ : أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بَنَاهُ شِيثُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، وَغَالِبُ مَنْ يَذْكُرُ هَذَا إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُهُ مَنْ كُتِبِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا لَا يُصَدَّقُ وَلَا يُكَذَّبُ وَلَا يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهَا بِمُجَرَّدِهَا ، وَأَمَّا إِذَا صَحَّ حَدِيثٌ فِي ذَلِكَ فَعَلَى الرَّأْسِ وَالْعَيْنِ [ ص: 422 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : <span style="color: red;">( وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ... ) </span><br /> قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ بَيْتَ اللَّهِ وَأَمَّنَهُ ، وَإِنِّي حَرَّمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا فَلَا يُصَادُ صَيْدُهَا وَلَا يُقْطَعُ عِضَاهُهَا " . <br /> وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ بِهِ . <br /> وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَعَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ وَأَبُو السَّائِبِ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ، وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ الرَّازِيُّ ، قَالَا جَمِيعًا : سَمِعْنَا أَشْعَثَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَخَلِيلَهُ وَإِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ ، وَإِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَإِنِّي حَرَّمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا ، عِضَاهَهَا وَصَيْدَهَا ، لَا يُحْمَلُ فِيهَا سِلَاحٌ لِقِتَالٍ ، وَلَا يُقْطَعُ مِنْهَا شَجَرَةً إِلَّا لِعَلَفِ بَعِيرٍ " . <br /> وَهَذِهِ الطَّرِيقُ غَرِيبَةٌ ، لَيْسَتْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ السِّتَّةِ ، وَأَصْلُ الْحَدِيثِ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : كَانَ النَّاسُ إِذَا رَأَوْا أَوَّلَ الثَّمَرِ ، جَاءُوا بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَإِذَا أَخَذَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي ثَمَرِنَا ، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مَدِينَتِنَا ، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي صَاعِنَا ، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مُدِّنَا ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَبْدُكَ وَخَلِيلُكَ وَنَبِيُّكَ ، وَإِنِّي عَبْدُكَ وَنَبِيُّكَ ، وَإِنَّهُ دَعَاكَ لِمَكَّةَ وَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ لِلْمَدِينَةِ بِمِثْلِ مَا دَعَاكَ لِمَكَّةَ وَمِثْلِهِ مَعَهُ " ثُمَّ يَدْعُو أَصْغَرَ وَلِيدٍ لَهُ ، فَيُعْطِيهِ ذَلِكَ الثَّمَرَ . وَفِي لَفْظٍ : " بَرَكَةً مَعَ بَرَكَةٍ " ثُمَّ يُعْطِيهِ أَصْغَرَ مَنْ يَحْضُرُهُ مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ . لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْهَادِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ ، وَإِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا " . <br /> انْفَرَدَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ مُسْلِمٌ ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُضَرٍ ، بِهِ . وَلَفْظُهُ كَلَفْظِهِ سَوَاءٌ . وَفِي [ ص: 423 ] الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ : " الْتَمِسْ لِي غُلَامًا مِنْ غِلْمَانِكُمْ يَخْدِمُنِي " فَخَرَجَ بِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَرْدِفُنِي وَرَاءَهُ ، فَكُنْتُ أَخْدِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كُلَّمَا نَزَلَ . وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ : ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى إِذَا بَدَا لَهُ أُحُدٌ قَالَ : " هَذَا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا وَنُحِبُّهُ " . فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ مَا بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْهَا ، مِثْلَمَا حَرَّمَ بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَكَّةَ ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي مُدِّهِمْ وَصَاعِهِمْ " . وَفِي لَفْظٍ لَهُمَا : " اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي مِكْيَالِهِمْ ، وَبَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي صَاعِهِمْ ، وَبَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي مُدِّهِمْ " . زَادَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : يَعْنِي : أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ . <br /> وَلَهُمَا أَيْضًا عَنْ أَنَسٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ضِعْفَيْ مَا جَعَلْتَهُ بِمَكَّةَ مِنَ الْبَرَكَةِ " وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَدَعَا لَهَا ، وَحَرَّمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ كَمَا حَرَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَكَّةَ ، وَدَعَوْتُ لَهَا فِي مُدِّهَا وَصَاعِهَا مِثْلَ مَا دَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِمَكَّةَ " <br /> رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ ، وَمُسْلِمٌ وَلَفْظُهُ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَدَعَا لِأَهْلَهَا . وَإِنِّي حَرَّمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ كَمَا حَرَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَكَّةَ ، وَإِنِّي دَعَوْتُ لَهَا فِي صَاعِهَا وَمُدِّهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا دَعَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ " . <br /> وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ فَجَعَلَهَا حَرَامًا ، وَإِنِّي حَرَّمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ حَرَامًا مَا بَيْنَ مَأْزِمَيْهَا ، لَا يَهْرَاقُ فِيهَا دَمٌ ، وَلَا يُحْمَلُ فِيهَا سِلَاحٌ لِقِتَالٍ ، وَلَا يُخْبَطُ فِيهَا شَجَرَةٌ إِلَّا لِعَلَفٍ . اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مَدِينَتِنَا ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي صَاعِنَا ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مُدِّنَا ، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ مَعَ الْبَرَكَةِ بِرْكَتَيْنِ " . الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ . <br /> وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَثِيرَةٌ ، وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدْنَا مِنْهَا مَا هُوَ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِتَحْرِيمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، لِمَكَّةَ ، لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ فِي مُطَابَقَةِ الْآيَةِ الْكَرِيمَةِ . <br /> [ وَتَمَسَّكَ بِهَا مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ تَحْرِيمَ مَكَّةَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ عَلَى لِسَانِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ ، وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ مُنْذُ خُلِقَتْ مَعَ الْأَرْضِ وَهَذَا أَظْهَرُ وَأَقْوَى ] . <br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَتْ أَحَادِيثُ أُخَرُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ قَبْلَ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ، كَمَا [ ص: 424 ] جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ : " إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ . وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ الْقِتَالُ فِيهِ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي ، وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لِي إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ . لَا يُعْضَدُ شَوْكُهُ ، وَلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهُ ، وَلَا تُلْتَقَطُ لُقَطَتُهُ إِلَّا مَنْ عَرَّفَهَا ، وَلَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهَا " فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ فَإِنَّهُ لِقَيْنِهِمْ وَلِبُيُوتِهِمْ . فَقَالَ : " إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ " وَهَذَا لَفْظُ مُسْلِمٍ . <br /> وَلَهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ : قَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ : سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، مِثْلَهُ . <br /> وَهَذَا الذِي عَلَّقَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَاجَهْ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَنَّاقٍ ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ ، قَالَتْ : سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْطُبُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ ، فَقَالَ : " يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ، فَهِيَ حَرَامٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، لَا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا وَلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهَا ، وَلَا يَأْخُذُ لُقَطَتَهَا إِلَّا مُنْشِدٌ " فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ : إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ ; فَإِنَّهُ لِلْبُيُوتِ وَالْقُبُورِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِلَّا الْإِذْخِرَ " . <br /> وَعَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْعَدَوِّيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ الْبُعُوثَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ : ائْذَنْ لِي أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ أَنْ أُحَدِّثَكَ قَوْلًا قَالَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ ، سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَايَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي ، وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنَايَ حِينَ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ ، إِنَّهُ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُحْرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ بِهَا دَمًا ، وَلَا يَعَضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرَةً ، فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُولُوا : إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ . وَإِنَّمَا أَذِنَ لِي فِيهَا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ، وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ ، فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ " . فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي شُرَيْحٍ : مَا قَالَ لَكَ عَمْرُو ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ يَا أَبَا شُرَيْحٍ ، إِنَّ الْحَرَمَ لَا يُعِيذُ عَاصِيًا ، وَلَا فَارًّا بِدَمٍ ، وَلَا فَارًّا بِخَرِبَةٍ . <br /> رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُهُ . <br /> فَإِذَا عُلِمَ هَذَا فَلَا مُنَافَاةَ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ [ ص: 425 ] وَالْأَرْضَ ، وَبَيْنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، حَرَّمَهَا ; لِأَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بَلَّغَ عَنِ اللَّهِ حُكْمَهُ فِيهَا وَتَحْرِيمَهُ إِيَّاهَا ، وَأَنَّهَا لَمْ تَزَلْ بَلَدًا حَرَامًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ بِنَاءِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، لَهَا ، كَمَا أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ ، وَإِنَّ آدَمَ لَمُنْجَدِلٌ فِي طِينَتِهِ ، وَمَعَ هَذَا قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ : ( رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ ) وَقَدْ أَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهُ بِمَا سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِهِ وَقَدَرِهِ . وَلِهَذَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ بَدْءِ أَمْرِكَ . فَقَالَ : " دَعْوَةُ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، وَبُشْرَى عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ، وَرَأَتْ أُمِّي كَأَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا نُورٌ أَضَاءَتْ لَهُ قُصُورُ الشَّامِ " . <br /> أَيْ : أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ بَدْءِ ظُهُورِ أَمْرِكَ . كَمَا سَيَأْتِي قَرِيبًا ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ . <br /> وَأَمَّا مَسْأَلَةُ تَفْضِيلِ مَكَّةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، كَمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ الْجُمْهُورِ ، أَوِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى مَكَّةَ ، كَمَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ وَأَتْبَاعِهِ ، فَتُذْكَرُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ بِأَدِلَّتِهَا ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، وَبِهِ الثِّقَةُ . <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ : تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : ( رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا ) أَيْ : مِنَ الْخَوْفِ ، لَا يُرْعَبُ أَهْلَهُ ، وَقَدْ فَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ شَرْعًا وَقَدَرًا . كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ( وَمَنْ دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 97 ] وَقَوْلُهُ(أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَمًا آمِنًا وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ)[الْعَنْكَبُوتِ : 67] إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ . وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ فِي تَحْرِيمِ الْقِتَالِ فِيهَا . وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ بِمَكَّةَ السِّلَاحَ " . وَقَالَ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ : ( رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا ) أَيِ : اجْعَلْ هَذِهِ الْبُقْعَةَ بَلَدًا آمِنًا ، وَنَاسَبَ هَذَا ; لِأَنَّهُ قَبْلَ بِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى فِي سُورَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : ( وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 35 ] وَنَاسَبَ هَذَا هُنَاكَ لِأَنَّهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ ، كَأَنَّهُ وَقَعَ دُعَاءً ثَانِيًا بَعْدَ بِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ وَاسْتِقْرَارِ أَهْلِهِ بِهِ ، وَبَعْدَ مَوْلِدِ إِسْحَاقَ الذِي هُوَ أَصْغَرُ سِنًّا مِنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةٍ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ فِي آخِرِ الدُّعَاءِ : ( الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 39 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) <br /> قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ : ( قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) قَالَ : هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى . وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَهُوَ الذِي صَوَّبَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : قَالَ : وَقَرَأَ آخَرُونَ : ( قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) فَجَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَمَامِ دُعَاءِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ قَالَ : كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ : ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، يَسْأَلُ رَبَّهُ أَنَّ مَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا .[ ص: 426 ] <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : ( وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ) يَقُولُ : وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَأَرْزُقُهُ أَيْضًا ( ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) <br /> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : لَمَّا عَزَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، الدَّعْوَةَ عَمَّنْ أَبَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ الْوِلَايَةَ انْقِطَاعًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَمَحَبَّتَهُ ، وَفِرَاقًا لِمَنْ خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ ، حِينَ عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ كَائِنٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ ظَالِمٌ أَلَّا يَنَالَهُ عَهْدُهُ ، بِخَبَرِ اللَّهِ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ : وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنِّي أَرْزُقُ الْبَرَّ وَالْفَاجِرَ وَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا . <br /> وَقَالَ حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْخَرَّاطِ ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَحْجُرُهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ دُونَ النَّاسِ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ أَيْضًا أَرْزُقُهُمْ كَمَا أَرْزُقُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَأَخْلُقُ خَلْقًا لَا أَرْزُقُهُمْ ؟ ! أُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ . ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : ( كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا ) [ الْإِسْرَاءِ : 20 ] . رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَمُجَاهِدٍ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا . وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ مَتَاعٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ ثُمَّ نُذِيقُهُمُ الْعَذَابَ الشَّدِيدَ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ ) [ يُونُسَ : 69 ، 70 ] ، وَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ كُفْرُهُ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ ) [ لُقْمَانَ : 23 ، 24 ] ، وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً لَجَعَلْنَا لِمَنْ يَكْفُرُ بِالرَّحْمَنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمْ سُقُفًا مِنْ فَضَّةٍ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيْهَا يَظْهَرُونَ وَلِبُيُوتِهِمْ أَبْوَابًا وَسُرُرًا عَلَيْهَا يَتَّكِئُونَ وَزُخْرُفًا وَإِنْ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ ) [ الزُّخْرُفِ : 33 ، 35 ] <br /> وَقَوْلُهُ ( ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ ) أَيْ : ثُمَّ أُلْجِئُهُ بَعْدَ مَتَاعِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَبَسْطِنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ظِلِّهَا إِلَى عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ . وَمَعْنَاهُ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُنْظِرُهُمْ وَيُمْهِلُهُمْ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهُمْ أَخْذَ عَزِيزٍ مُقْتَدِرٍ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ أَمْلَيْتُ لَهَا وَهِيَ ظَالْمَةٌ ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُهَا وَإِلِيَّ الْمَصِيرُ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 48 ] ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ : " لَا أَحَدَ أَصْبَرُ عَلَى أَذًى سَمِعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ; إِنَّهُمْ يَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ وَلَدًا ، وَهُوَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ وَيُعَافِيهِمْ " وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ أَيْضًا : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ " . ثُمَّ قَرَأَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالْمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ ) [ هُودٍ : 102 ] . <br /> وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى :(وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ )[ ص: 427 ] <br /> فَالْقَوَاعِدُ : جَمْعُ قَاعِدَةٍ ، وَهِيَ السَّارِيَةُ وَالْأَسَاسُ ، يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : وَاذْكُرْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِقَوْمِكَ بِنَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ ، الْبَيْتَ ، وَرَفْعَهُمَا الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنْهُ ، وَهُمَا يَقُولَانِ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) فَهُمَا فِي عَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ ، وَهُمَا يَسْأَلَانِ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَ مِنْهُمَا ، كَمَا رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ الْوَرْدِ : أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ : ( وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا ) ثُمَّ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ : يَا خَلِيلَ الرَّحْمَنِ ، تَرْفَعُ قَوَائِمَ بَيْتِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَأَنْتَ مُشْفِقٌ أَنْ لَا يَتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكَ . وَهَذَا كَمَا حَكَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ حَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُخْلِصِينَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْتُونَ مَا آتَوْا ) أَيْ : يُعْطُونَ مَا أَعْطَوْا مِنَ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالنَّفَقَاتِ وَالْقُرُبَاتِ ( وَقُلُوبُهُمْ وَجِلَةٌ ) [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ : 60 ] أَيْ : خَائِفَةٌ أَلَّا يُتَقَبَّلَ مِنْهُمْ . كَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ الصَّحِيحُ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي فِي مَوْضِعِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ : الذِي كَانَ يَرْفَعُ الْقَوَاعِدَ هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، وَالدَّاعِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ . وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَرْفَعَانِ وَيَقُولَانِ ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ هَاهُنَا حَدِيثًا سَنُورِدُهُ ثُمَّ نُتْبِعُهُ بِآثَارٍ مُتَعَلِّقَةٍ بِذَلِكَ . قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ وَكَثِيرِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ يَزِيدُ أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : أَوَّلُ مَا اتَّخَذَ النِّسَاءُ الْمِنْطَقَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ اتَّخَذَتْ مِنْطَقًا لِيُعَفِّيَ أَثَرَهَا عَلَى سَارَّةَ . ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَبِابْنِهَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ ، وَهِيَ تُرْضِعُهُ ، حَتَّى وَضَعَهُمَا عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ عِنْدَ دَوْحَةٍ فَوْقَ زَمْزَمَ فِي أَعْلَى الْمَسْجِدِ ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَكَّةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَحَدٌ ، وَلَيْسَ بِهَا مَاءٌ ، فَوَضَعَهُمَا هُنَالِكَ ، وَوَضَعَ عِنْدَهُمَا جِرَابًا فِيهِ تَمْرٌ وَسِقَاءً فِيهِ مَاءٌ ، ثُمَّ قَفَّى إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، مُنْطَلِقًا . فَتَبِعَتْهُ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَقَالَتْ : يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ وَتَتْرُكُنَا بِهَذَا الْوَادِي الذِي لَيْسَ فِيهِ إِنْسٌ وَلَا شَيْءَ ؟ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا ، وَجَعَلَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَيْهَا . فَقَالَتْ : آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَتْ : إِذًا لَا يُضَيِّعُنَا . ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ . فَانْطَلَقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الثَّنِيَّةِ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَوْنَهُ ، اسْتَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ الْبَيْتَ ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِهَؤُلَاءِ الدَّعَوَاتِ ، وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ، قَالَ : ( رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ ) [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ : 37 ] ، وَجَعَلَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ تُرْضِعُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ ، وَتَشْرَبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ ، حَتَّى إِذَا نَفِدَ مَاءُ السِّقَاءِ عَطِشَتْ وَعَطِشَ ابْنُهَا ، وَجَعَلَتْ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ يَتَلَوَّى [ ص: 428 ] أَوْ قَالَ : يَتَلَبَّطُ فَانْطَلَقَتْ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَوَجَدَتِ الصَّفَا أَقْرَبَ جَبَلٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَلِيهَا فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَتِ الْوَادِي تَنْظُرُ هَلْ تَرَى أَحَدًا ؟ فَلَمْ تَرَ أَحَدًا . فَهَبَطَتْ مِنَ الصَّفَا حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْوَادِي رَفَعَتْ طَرْفَ دِرْعِهَا ، ثُمَّ سَعَتْ سَعْيَ الْإِنْسَانِ الْمَجْهُودِ حَتَّى جَاوَزَتِ الْوَادِي . ثُمَّ أَتَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ ، فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَنَظَرَتْ هَلْ تَرَى أَحَدًا ؟ فَلَمْ تَرَ أَحَدًا . فَفَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَلِذَلِكَ سَعَى النَّاسُ بَيْنَهُمَا " . <br /> فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَتْ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ سَمِعَتْ صَوْتًا فَقَالَتْ : صَهٍ ، تُرِيدُ نَفْسَهَا ، ثُمَّ تَسَمَّعَتْ فَسَمِعَتْ أَيْضًا . فَقَالَتْ : قَدْ أَسْمَعْتَ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ غُوَاثٌ . فَإِذَا هِيَ بِالْمَلَكِ عِنْدَ مَوْضِعِ زَمْزَمَ ، فَبَحَثَ بِعَقِبِهِ أَوْ قَالَ : بِجَنَاحِهِ حَتَّى ظَهَرَ الْمَاءُ ، فَجَعَلَتْ تُحَوِّضُهُ ، وَتَقُولُ بِيَدِهَا هَكَذَا ، وَجَعَلَتْ تَغْرِفُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فِي سِقَائِهَا وَهُوَ يَفُورُ بَعْدَمَا تَغْرِفُ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، لَوْ تَرَكَتْ زَمْزَمَ أَوْ قَالَ : لَوْ لَمْ تَغْرِفْ مِنَ الْمَاءِ لَكَانَتْ زَمْزَمُ عَيْنًا مَعِينًا " . <br />قَالَ : فَشَرِبَتْ وَأَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَهَا ، فَقَالَ لَهَا الْمَلَكُ : لَا تَخَافِي الضَّيْعَةَ ; فَإِنَّ هَاهُنَا بَيْتًا لِلَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، يَبْنِيهِ هَذَا الْغُلَامُ وَأَبُوهُ ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، لَا يُضَيِّعُ أَهْلَهُ . وَكَانَ الْبَيْتُ مُرْتَفِعًا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كَالرَّابِيَةِ تَأْتِيهِ السُّيُولُ فَتَأْخُذُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ ، فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَرَّتْ بِهِمْ رُفْقَةٌ مِنْ جُرْهُمَ أَوْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ جُرْهُمَ مُقْبِلِينَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ كَدَاءَ . فَنَزَلُوا فِي أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ ، فَرَأَوْا طَائِرًا عَائِفًا ، فَقَالُوا : إِنَّ هَذَا الطَّائِرَ لَيَدُورُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ ، لَعَهْدُنَا بِهَذَا الْوَادِي وَمَا فِيهِ مَاءٌ . فَأَرْسَلُوا جَرِيًّا أَوْ جَرِيَّيْنِ ، فَإِذَا هُمْ بِالْمَاءِ . فَرَجَعُوا فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِالْمَاءِ ، فَأَقْبَلُوا . قَالَ : وَأُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عِنْدَ الْمَاءِ . فَقَالُوا : أَتَأْذَنِينَ لَنَا أَنْ نَنْزِلَ عِنْدَكِ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، وَلَكِنْ لَا حَقَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ . قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . <br /> قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَأَلْفَى ذَلِكَ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهِيَ تُحِبُّ الْأُنْسَ . فَنَزَلُوا ، وَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ فَنَزَلُوا مَعَهُمْ . حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِهَا أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْهُمْ وَشَبَّ الْغُلَامُ ، وَتَعَلَّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ مِنْهُمْ ، وَأَنْفَسَهُمْ وَأَعْجَبَهُمْ حِينَ شَبَّ ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ زَوَّجُوهُ امْرَأَةً مِنْهُمْ . وَمَاتَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ ، فَجَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَعْدَ مَا تَزَوَّجَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ لِيُطَالِعَ تَرِكَتَهُ . فَلَمْ يَجِدْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، فَسَأَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَتْ : خَرَجَ يَبْتَغِي لَنَا . ثُمَّ سَأَلَهَا عَنْ عَيْشِهِمْ وَهَيْئَتِهِمْ ، فَقَالَتْ : نَحْنُ بِشَرٍّ ، نَحْنُ فِي ضِيقٍ وَشِدَّةٍ . وَشَكَتْ إِلَيْهِ . قَالَ : فَإِذَا جَاءَ زَوْجُكِ فَاقْرَئِي عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، وَقُولِي لَهُ : يُغَيِّرُ عَتَبَةَ بَابِهِ . فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، كَأَنَّهُ أَنِسَ شَيْئًا . فَقَالَ : هَلْ جَاءَكُمْ مَنْ أَحَدٍ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، جَاءَنَا شَيْخٌ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْكَ ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، وَسَأَلَنِي كَيْفَ عَيْشُنَا ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّا فِي جَهْدٍ وَشِدَّةٍ . قَالَ : فَهَلْ أَوْصَاكِ بِشَيْءٍ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ ، وَيَقُولُ غَيِّرْ عَتَبَةَ بَابِكَ . قَالَ : ذَاكَ أَبِي . وَقَدْ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُفَارِقَكِ ، فَالْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ . فَطَلَّقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَ مِنْهُمْ بِأُخْرَى ، فَلَبِثَ عَنْهُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُمْ بَعْدُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ . فَدَخَلَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ ، فَسَأَلَهَا عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَتْ : خَرَجَ يَبْتَغِي لَنَا . قَالَ : كَيْفَ أَنْتُمْ ؟ [ ص: 429 ] وَسَأَلَهَا عَنْ عَيْشِهِمْ وَهَيْئَتِهِمْ . فَقَالَتْ : نَحْنُ بِخَيْرٍ وَسَعَةٍ . وَأَثْنَتْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . فَقَالَ : مَا طَعَامُكُمْ ؟ قَالَتِ : اللَّحْمُ . قَالَ : فَمَا شَرَابُكُمْ ؟ قَالَتِ : الْمَاءُ . قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي اللَّحْمِ وَالْمَاءِ " . قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ حَبٌّ ، وَلَوْ كَانَ لَهُمْ ، لَدَعَا لَهُمْ فِيهِ . قَالَ : فَهُمَا لَا يَخْلُو عَلَيْهِمَا أَحَدٌ بِغَيْرِ مَكَّةَ إِلَّا لَمْ يُوَافِقَاهُ " . قَالَ : " فَإِذَا جَاءَ زَوْجُكِ فَاقْرَئِي عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، وَمُرِيهِ يُثَبِّتُ عَتَبَةَ بَابِهِ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، قَالَ : هَلْ أَتَاكُمْ مَنْ أَحَدٍ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، أَتَانَا شَيْخٌ حَسَنُ الْهَيْئَةِ ، وَأَثْنَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْكَ ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَسَأَلَنِي : كَيْفَ عَيْشُنَا ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّا بِخَيْرٍ . قَالَ : فَأَوْصَاكِ بِشَيْءٍ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ ، وَيَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تُثَبِّتَ عَتَبَةَ بَابِكَ . قَالَ : ذَاكَ أَبِي ، وَأَنْتِ الْعَتَبَةُ ، أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُمْسِكَكِ . ثُمَّ لَبِثَ عَنْهُمْ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ يَبْرِي نَبْلًا لَهُ تَحْتَ دَوْحَةٍ قَرِيبًا مِنْ زَمْزَمَ ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَصَنَعَا كَمَا يَصْنَعُ الْوَلَدُ بِالْوَالِدِ ، وَالْوَالِدُ بِالْوَلَدِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ : يَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي بِأَمْرٍ . قَالَ : فَاصْنَعْ مَا أَمَرَكَ رَبُّكَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . قَالَ : وَتُعِينُنِي ؟ قَالَ : وَأُعِينُكَ . قَالَ : فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَبْنِيَ هَاهُنَا بَيْتًا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَكَمَةٍ مُرْتَفِعَةٍ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهَا قَالَ : فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ رَفَعَا الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَجَعَلَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَأْتِي بِالْحِجَارَةِ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ يَبْنِي ، حَتَّى إِذَا ارْتَفَعَ الْبِنَاءُ جَاءَ بِهَذَا الْحَجَرِ فَوَضَعَهُ لَهُ ، فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَبْنِي ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ يُنَاوِلُهُ الْحِجَارَةَ ، وَهُمَا يَقُولَانِ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) " قَالَ : " فَجَعَلَا يَبْنِيَانِ حَتَّى يَدُورَا حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ ، وَهُمَا يَقُولَانِ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) . <br /> [ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهِ مُطَوَّلًا ] . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ الظَّهْرَانِيِّ . وَابْنِ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَحْمَدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الرَّازِيِّ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِهِ مُخْتَصَرًا . <br /> وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزِّنْجِيُّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ، قَالَ : كُنْتُ أَنَا وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ فِي نَاسٍ مَعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، فِي أَعْلَى الْمَسْجِدِ لَيْلًا فَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ : سَلُونِي قَبْلَ أَنْ لَا تَرَوْنِي . فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنِ الْمَقَامِ . فَأَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ . حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ مَا كَانَ ، خَرَجَ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَأُمِّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، وَمَعَهُمْ شَنَّةٌ فِيهَا مَاءٌ ، فَجَعَلَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ تَشْرَبُ مِنَ [ ص: 430 ] الشَّنَّةِ ، فَيَدِرُّ لَبَنُهَا عَلَى صَبِيِّهَا ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فَوَضَعَهَا تَحْتَ دَوْحَةٍ ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ ، فَاتَّبَعَتْهُ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَتَّى بَلَغُوا كَدَاءَ نَادَتْهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ : يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، إِلَى مَنْ تَتْرُكُنَا ؟ قَالَ : إِلَى اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . قَالَتْ : رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَرَجَعَتْ ، فَجَعَلَتْ تَشْرَبُ مِنَ الشَّنَّةِ ، وَيَدِرُّ لَبَنُهَا عَلَى صَبِيِّهَا حَتَّى لَمَّا فَنِيَ الْمَاءُ قَالَتْ : لَوْ ذَهَبْتُ فَنَظَرْتُ لَعَلِّي أُحِسُّ أَحَدًا . قَالَ : فَذَهَبَتْ فَصَعِدَتِ الصَّفَا ، فَنَظَرَتْ وَنَظَرَتْ هَلْ تُحِسُّ أَحَدًا ، فَلَمْ تُحِسَّ أَحَدًا . فَلَمَّا بَلَغَتِ الْوَادِي سَعَتْ حَتَّى أَتَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ ، فَفَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ أَشْوَاطًا ثُمَّ قَالَتْ : لَوْ ذَهَبْتُ فَنَظَرْتُ مَا فَعَلَ ، تَعْنِي الصَّبِيَّ ، فَذَهَبَتْ فَنَظَرَتْ فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلَى حَالِهِ كَأَنَّهُ يَنْشَغُ لِلْمَوْتِ ، فَلَمْ تُقِرَّهَا نَفْسُهَا ، فَقَالَتْ : لَوْ ذَهَبْتُ فَنَظَرْتُ لَعَلِّي أُحِسُّ أَحَدًا . قَالَ : فَذَهَبَتْ فَصَعِدَتِ الصَّفَا ، فَنَظَرَتْ وَنَظَرَتْ فَلَمْ تُحِسْ أَحَدًا ، حَتَّى أَتَمَّتْ سَبْعًا ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ : لَوْ ذَهَبْتُ فَنَظَرْتُ مَا فَعَلَ ، فَإِذَا هِيَ بِصَوْتٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : أَغِثْ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ خَيْرٌ . فَإِذَا جِبْرِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ بِعَقِبِهِ هَكَذَا ، وَغَمَزَ عَقِبَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ . قَالَ : فَانْبَثَقَ الْمَاءُ ، فَدَهَشَتْ أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، فَجَعَلَتْ تَحْفِرُ . <br /> قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَوْ تَرَكَتْهُ لَكَانَ الْمَاءُ ظَاهِرًا . <br /> قَالَ : فَجَعَلَتْ تَشْرَبُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَيَدِرُّ لَبَنُهَا عَلَى صَبِيِّهَا . <br /> قَالَ : فَمَرَّ نَاسٌ مَنْ جُرْهُمَ بِبَطْنِ الْوَادِي ، فَإِذَا هُمْ بِطَيْرٍ ، كَأَنَّهُمْ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ ، وَقَالُوا : مَا يَكُونُ الطَّيْرُ إِلَّا عَلَى مَاءٍ ، فَبَعَثُوا رَسُولَهُمْ فَنَظَرَ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِالْمَاءِ . فَأَتَاهُمْ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ . فَأَتَوْا إِلَيْهَا فَقَالُوا : يَا أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، أَتَأْذَنِينَ لَنَا أَنْ نَكُونَ مَعَكِ وَنُسْكِنَ مَعَكِ ؟ فَبَلَغَ ابْنُهَا وَنَكَحَ فِيهِمُ امْرَأَةً . <br /> قَالَ : ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَدَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ : إِنِّي مُطَّلِعٌ تَرِكَتِي . قَالَ : فَجَاءَ فَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : أَيْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ؟ قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ : ذَهَبَ يَصِيدُ . قَالَ : قُولِي لَهُ إِذَا جَاءَ : غَيِّرْ عَتَبَةَ بَيْتِكَ . فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ ، قَالَ : أَنْتِ ذَاكِ ، فَاذْهَبِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ . <br /> قَالَ : ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَدَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ ، فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ : إِنِّي مُطَّلِعٌ تَرِكَتِي . قَالَ : فَجَاءَ فَقَالَ : أَيْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ؟ فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ : ذَهَبَ يَصِيدُ . فَقَالَتْ : أَلَا تَنْزِلَ فَتَطْعَمَ وَتَشْرَبَ ؟ فَقَالَ : مَا طَعَامُكُمْ وَمَا شَرَابُكُمْ ؟ قَالَتْ : طَعَامُنَا اللَّحْمُ ، وَشَرَابُنَا الْمَاءُ . قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي طَعَامِهِمْ وَشَرَابِهِمْ . <br /> قَالَ : فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " بَرَكَةٌ بِدَعْوَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ " <br /> قَالَ : ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَدَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ : إِنِّي مُطَّلِعٌ تَرِكَتِي . فَجَاءَ فَوَافَقَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ زَمْزَمَ يُصْلِحُ نَبْلًا لَهُ فَقَالَ : يَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، إِنَّ رَبَّكَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَبْنِيَ لَهُ بَيْتًا . فَقَالَ : أَطِعْ رَبَّكَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . قَالَ : إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ تُعِينَنِي عَلَيْهِ ؟ فَقَالَ : إِذَنْ أَفْعَلُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ . قَالَ : فَقَامَا [ قَالَ ] فَجَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَبْنِي ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ يُنَاوِلُهُ الْحِجَارَةَ ، وَيَقُولَانِ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) [ ص: 431 ] قَالَ : حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَ الْبِنَاءُ وَضَعُفَ الشَّيْخُ عَنْ نَقْلِ الْحِجَارَةِ . فَقَامَ عَلَى حَجَرِ الْمَقَامِ ، فَجَعَلَ يُنَاوِلُهُ الْحِجَارَةَ وَيَقُولَانِ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) <br /> هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مِنْ هَذَيْنَ الْوَجْهَيْنِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ . <br /> وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ الْحَافِظَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَاكِمَ رَوَاهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ الْقَزَّازِ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الْحَنَفِيِّ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، بِهِ . وَقَالَ : صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ . كَذَا قَالَ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ كَمَا تَرَى ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ ، كَأَنَّ فِيهِ اقْتِصَارًا ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ [ شَأْنَ ] الذَّبْحِ . وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ ، أَنَّ قَرْنَيِ الْكَبْشِ كَانَا مُعَلَّقَيْنِ بِالْكَعْبَةِ ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، كَانَ يَزُورُ أَهْلَهُ بِمَكَّةَ عَلَى الْبُرَاقِ سَرِيعًا ثُمَّ يَعُودُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ بِالْبِلَادِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . وَالْحَدِيثُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِنَّمَا فِيهِ - مَرْفُوعٌ - أَمَاكِنُ صَرَّحَ بِهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . <br /> وَقَدْ وَرَدَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي هَذَا السِّيَاقِ مَا يُخَالَفُ بَعْضَ هَذَا ، كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : <br /> حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا أُمِرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِبِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ ، خَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَهَاجَرُ . قَالَ : فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ رَأَى عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ مِثْلَ الْغَمَامَةِ ، فِيهِ مِثْلَ الرَّأْسِ . فَكَلَّمَهُ ، قَالَ : يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، ابْنِ عَلَى ظِلِّي أَوْ قَالَ عَلَى قَدَرِي وَلَا تَزِدْ وَلَا تَنْقُصْ : فَلَمَّا بَنَى خَرَجَ ، وَخَلَّفَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهَاجَرَ ، فَقَالَتْ هَاجَرُ : يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنَا ؟ قَالَ : إِلَى اللَّهِ . قَالَتِ : انْطَلِقْ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُضَيِّعُنَا . قَالَ : فَعَطِشَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَطَشًا شَدِيدًا ، قَالَ : فَصَعِدَتْ هَاجَرُ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَنَظَرَتْ فَلَمْ تَرَ شَيْئًا ، حَتَّى أَتَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ فَلَمْ تَرَ شَيْئًا ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَنَظَرَتْ فَلَمْ تَرَ شَيْئًا ، حَتَّى أَتَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ فَلَمْ تَرَ شَيْئًا ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَنَظَرَتْ فَلَمْ تَرَ شَيْئًا ، حَتَّى فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، مُتْ حَيْثُ لَا أَرَاكَ . فَأَتَتْهُ وَهُوَ يَفْحَصُ بِرِجْلِهِ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ . فَنَادَاهَا جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ لَهَا : مَنْ أَنْتِ ؟ قَالَتْ : أَنَا هَاجَرُ أُمُّ وَلَدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ . قَالَ : فَإِلَى مَنْ وَكَلَكُمَا ؟ قَالَتْ : وَكَلَنَا إِلَى اللَّهِ . قَالَ : وَكَلَكُمَا إِلَى كَافٍ . قَالَ : فَفَحَصَ الْغُلَامُ الْأَرْضَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ ، فَنَبَعَتْ زَمْزَمُ . فَجَعَلَتْ تَحْبِسُ الْمَاءَ فَقَالَ : دَعِيهِ فَإِنَّهَا رَوَاءٌ . <br /> فَفِي هَذَا السِّيَاقِ أَنَّهُ بَنَى الْبَيْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهُمَا ، وَقَدْ يَحْتَمِلُ إِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَوَّلًا [ ص: 432 ] وَضَعَ لَهُ حَوْطًا وَتَحْجِيرًا ، لَا أَنَّهُ بَنَاهُ إِلَى أَعْلَاهُ ، حَتَّى كَبِرَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَبَنَيَاهُ مَعًا ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى . <br /> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : أَخْبَرَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : أَلَا تُخْبِرُنِي عَنِ الْبَيْتِ ، أَهُوَ أَوَّلُ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ؟ فَقَالَ : لَا وَلَكِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ فِيهِ الْبَرَكَةُ ، مَقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْبَأْتُكَ كَيْفَ بُنِيَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنِ ابْنِ لِي بَيْتًا فِي الْأَرْضِ ، قَالَ : فَضَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِذَلِكَ ذَرْعًا فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ السَّكِينَةَ وَهِيَ رِيحٌ خُجُوجٌ ، وَلَهَا رَأْسَانِ فَأَتْبَعَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ ، حَتَّى انْتَهَتْ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ، فَتَطَوَّتْ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ كَطَيِّ الْحَجَفَةِ ، وَأُمِرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ حَيْثُ تَسْتَقِرُّ السَّكِينَةُ . فَبَنَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَبَقِيَ حَجَرٌ ، فَذَهَبَ الْغُلَامُ يَبْغِي شَيْئًا . فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ : أَبْغِنِي حَجَرًا كَمَا آمُرُكَ . قَالَ : فَانْطَلَقَ الْغُلَامُ يَلْتَمِسُ لَهُ حَجَرًا ، فَأَتَاهُ بِهِ ، فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ رَكَّبَ الْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ فِي مَكَانِهِ . فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَهْ ، مَنْ أَتَاكَ بِهَذَا الْحَجَرِ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَتَانِي بِهِ مَنْ لَنْ يَتَّكِلَ عَلَى بِنَائِكَ ، جَاءَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، مِنَ السَّمَاءِ . فَأَتَمَّاهُ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ ، قَالَ : كَانَ الْبَيْتُ غُثَاءَةً عَلَى الْمَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ بِأَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا ، وَمِنْهُ دُحِيَتِ الْأَرْضُ . <br /> قَالَ سَعِيدٌ : وَحَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ : أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ ، وَمَعَهُ السَّكِينَةُ تَدُلُّهُ عَلَى تَبُوُّءِ الْبَيْتِ كَمَا تَتَبَوَّأُ الْعَنْكَبُوتُ بَيْتًا ، قَالَ : فَكَشَفَتْ عَنْ أَحْجَارٍ لَا يُطِيقُ الْحَجَرَ إِلَّا ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا . قُلْتُ : يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ : ( وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ ) قَالَ : كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدُ . <br /> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، أَمَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ [ الْبَيْتَ ] هُوَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ : ابْنِيَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، حَتَّى أَتَى مَكَّةَ ، فَقَامَ هُوَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ ، وَأَخَذَا الْمَعَاوِلَ لَا يَدْرِيَانِ أَيْنَ الْبَيْتُ ؟ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ رِيحًا ، يُقَالُ لَهَا : رِيحُ الْخُجُوجِ ، لَهَا جَنَاحَانِ وَرَأْسٌ فِي صُورَةِ حَيَّةٍ ، فَكَشَفَتْ لَهُمَا مَا حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ عَنْ أَسَاسِ الْبَيْتِ الْأَوَّلِ ، وَاتَّبَعَاهَا بِالْمَعَاوِلِ يَحْفِرَانِ حَتَّى وَضَعَا الْأَسَاسَ . فَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَقُولُ [ اللَّهُ ] تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ ) ( وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 26 ] فَلَمَّا بَنَيَا الْقَوَاعِدَ فَبَلَغَا مَكَانَ الرُّكْنِ . قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِإِسْمَاعِيلَ : يَا بُنَيَّ ، اطْلُبْ لِي حَجَرًا حَسَنًا أَضَعُهُ هَاهُنَا . قَالَ : يَا أَبَتِ ، إِنِّي كَسْلَانُ لَغِبٌ <span style="font-size: large;">.[ص: 433 ] </span><br /> قَالَ : عَلَيَّ بِذَلِكَ . فَانْطَلَقَ فَطَلَبَ لَهُ حَجَرًا ، فَجَاءَهُ بِحَجَرٍ فَلَمْ يَرْضَهُ ، فَقَالَ ائْتِنِي بِحَجَرٍ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ هَذَا ، فَانْطَلَقَ يَطْلُبُ لَهُ حَجَرًا ، وَجَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ بِالْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْهِنْدِ ، وَكَانَ أَبْيَضَ ، يَاقُوتَةً بَيْضَاءَ مِثْلَ الثَّغَامَةِ ، وَكَانَ آدَمُ هَبَطَ بِهِ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَاسْوَدَّ مِنْ خَطَايَا النَّاسِ ، فَجَاءَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بِحَجَرٍ فَوَجَدَهُ عِنْدَ الرُّكْنِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَهْ ، مَنْ جَاءَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ : جَاءَ بِهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَنْشَطُ مِنْكَ . فَبَنَيَا وَهُمَا يَدْعُوَانِ الْكَلِمَاتِ التِي ابْتَلَى [ بِهِنَّ ] إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ ، فَقَالَ : ( رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ) <br /> وَفِي هَذَا السِّيَاقِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوَاعِدَ الْبَيْتِ كَانَتْ مَبْنِيَّةً قَبْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ . وَإِنَّمَا هُدِيَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِلَيْهَا وَبُوِّئَ لَهَا . وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ ذَاهِبُونَ ، كَمَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ ) قَالَ : الْقَوَاعِدُ التِي كَانَتْ قَوَاعِدَ الْبَيْتِ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَيْضًا : أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ ، عَنْ سَوَّارٍ خَتَنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ، كَانَتْ رِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَرَأْسُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَ أَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ وَدُعَاءَهُمْ ، يَأْنَسُ إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَهَابَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ، حَتَّى شَكَتْ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي دُعَائِهَا وَفِي صَلَاتِهَا . فَخَفَّضَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ، فَلَمَّا فَقَدَ مَا كَانَ يَسْمَعُ مِنْهُمُ اسْتَوْحَشَ حَتَّى شَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي دُعَائِهِ وَفِي صَلَاتِهِ . فَوُجِّهَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ، فَكَانَ مَوْضِعُ قَدَمِهِ قَرْيَةً ، وَخَطْوُهُ مَفَازَةً ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَكَّةَ ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ يَاقُوتَةً مِنْ يَاقُوتِ الْجَنَّةِ ، فَكَانَتْ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ الْآنَ . فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَطُوفُ بِهِ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الطُّوفَانَ ، فَرُفِعَتْ تِلْكَ الْيَاقُوتَةُ ، حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فَبَنَاهُ . وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ ) [ الْحَجِّ : 26 ] . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ آدَمُ : إِنِّي لَا أَسْمَعُ أَصْوَاتَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ! قَالَ : بِخَطِيئَتِكَ ، وَلَكِنِ اهْبِطْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ، فَابْنِ لِي بَيْتًا ثُمَّ احْفُفْ بِهِ ، كَمَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَحُفُّ بِبَيْتَيَ الذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ . فَيَزْعُمُ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ بَنَاهُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَجْبُلٍ : مِنْ حِرَاءَ . وَطَوْرِ زَيْتَا ، وَطُورِ سَيْنَاءَ ، وَجَبَلِ لِبْنَانَ ، وَالْجُودِيِّ . وَكَانَ رَبَضُهُ مِنْ حِرَاءَ . فَكَانَ هَذَا بِنَاءَ آدَمَ ، حَتَّى بَنَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، بَعْدُ . <br /> وَهَذَا صَحِيحٌ إِلَى عَطَاءٍ ، وَلَكِنْ فِي بَعْضِهِ نَكَارَةٌ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَيْضًا : أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، قَالَ : وَضَعَ اللَّهُ الْبَيْتَ مَعَ آدَمَ حِينَ أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ، وَكَانَ مَهْبِطُهُ بِأَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ . وَكَانَ رَأْسُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَرِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، فَكَانَتِ [ ص: 434 ] الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَهَابُهُ ، فَنَقُصَ إِلَى سِتِّينَ ذِرَاعًا ; فَحَزِنَ إِذْ فَقَدَ أَصْوَاتَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَتَسْبِيحَهُمْ . فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ : يَا آدَمُ ، إِنِّي قَدْ أَهْبَطْتُ لَكَ بَيْتًا تَطُوفُ بِهِ كَمَا يُطَافُ حَوْلَ عَرْشِي ، وَتُصَلِّي عِنْدَهُ كَمَا يُصَلَّى عِنْدَ عَرْشِي ، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ آدَمُ ، فَخَرَجَ وَمُدَّ لَهُ فِي خَطْوِهِ ، فَكَانَ بَيْنَ كُلِّ خُطْوَتَيْنِ مَفَازَةٌ . فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تِلْكَ الْمَفَازَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ . فَأَتَى آدَمُ الْبَيْتَ فَطَافَ بِهِ ، وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ الْقُمِّيُّ ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : وَضَعَ اللَّهُ الْبَيْتَ عَلَى أَرْكَانِ الْمَاءِ ، عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَرْكَانٍ ، قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخْلَقَ الدُّنْيَا بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ ، ثُمَّ دُحِيَتِ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْبَيْتِ . <br /> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي [ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ] بْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا بَوَّأَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّامِ ، وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ بِإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَبِأُمِّهِ هَاجَرَ ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ طِفْلٌ صَغِيرٌ يَرْضَعُ ، وَحُمِلُوا فِيمَا حَدَّثَنِي عَلَى الْبُرَاقِ ، وَمَعَهُ جِبْرِيلُ يَدُلُّهُ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ وَمَعَالِمِ الْحَرَمِ . وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ جِبْرِيلُ ، فَكَانَ لَا يَمُرُّ بِقَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا قَالَ : أَبِهَذِهِ أُمِرْتُ يَا جِبْرِيلُ ؟ فَيَقُولُ جِبْرِيلُ : امْضِهِ . حَتَّى قَدِمَ بِهِ مَكَّةَ ، وَهِيَ إِذْ ذَاكَ عِضَاةُ سَلْمٍ وَسَمُرٍ ، وَبِهَا أُنَاسٌ يُقَالُ لَهُمُ : " الْعَمَالِيقُ " خَارِجَ مَكَّةَ وَمَا حَوْلَهَا . وَالْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ رَبْوَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ مَدِرَةٌ ، فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِجِبْرِيلَ : أَهَاهُنَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَضَعَهُمَا ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَعَمَدَ بِهِمَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الْحِجْرِ فَأَنْزَلَهُمَا فِيهِ ، وَأَمَرَ هَاجَرَ أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِ عَرِيشًا ، فَقَالَ : ( رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ ) [إِبْرَاهِيمَ:37] <br /> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ : أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ ، أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدٌ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَالَ : خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مَوْضِعَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ شَيْئًا بِأَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ ، وَأَرْكَانُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ . <br /> وَكَذَا قَالَ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : الْقَوَاعِدُ فِي الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ رَافِعٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُؤْمِنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ ، عَنْ عِلْبَاءَ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ : أَنَّ ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فَوَجَدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ يَبْنِيَانِ قَوَاعِدَ الْبَيْتِ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَجْبُلٍ . فَقَالَ : مَا لَكُمَا وَلِأَرْضِي ؟ فَقَالَا : نَحْنُ عَبْدَانِ مَأْمُورَانِ ، أُمِرْنَا بِبِنَاءِ هَذِهِ الْكَعْبَةِ . قَالَ : فَهَاتَا بِالْبَيِّنَةِ عَلَى مَا تَدَّعِيَانِ . فَقَامَتْ خَمْسَةُ أَكْبُشٍ ، فَقُلْنَ : نَحْنُ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَبْدَانِ مَأْمُورَانِ ، أُمِرَا بِبِنَاءِ هَذِهِ الْكَعْبَةِ . فَقَالَ : قَدْ رَضِيتُ وَسَلَّمْتُ . ثُمَّ مَضَى .[ ص: 435 ] <br /> وَذَكَرَ الْأَزْرَقِيُّ فِي تَارِيخِ مَكَّةَ أَنْ ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ طَافَ مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، بِالْبَيْتِ ، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَقَدُّمِ زَمَانِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ ) الْآيَةَ : الْقَوَاعِدُ : أَسَاسُهُ وَاحِدُهَا قَاعِدَةٌ . وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ : وَاحِدَتُهَا قَاعِدٌ . <br /> حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَخْبَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَلَمْ تَرَيْ أَنَّ قَوْمَكِ حِينَ بَنَوُا الْبَيْتَ اقْتَصَرُوا عَنْ قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلَا تَرُدَّهَا عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ؟ قَالَ : " لَوْلَا حِدْثَانُ قَوْمِكِ بِالْكُفْرِ " . فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ : لَئِنْ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ سَمِعَتْ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَرَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَرَكَ اسْتِلَامَ الرُّكْنَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَلِيَانِ الْحَجَرَ إِلَّا أَنَّ الْبَيْتَ لَمْ يُتَمَّمْ عَلَى قَوَاعِدِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ فِي الْحَجِّ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ ، وَفِي أَحَادِيثِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ . وَمُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ . وَالنَّسَائِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِهِ . <br /> وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " لَوْلَا أَنْ قَوْمَكِ حَدِيثُو عَهْدٍ بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ أَوْ قَالَ : بِكُفْرٍ لَأَنْفَقْتُ كَنْزَ الْكَعْبَةِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَلَجَعَلْتُ بَابَهَا بِالْأَرْضِ ، وَلَأَدْخَلْتُ فِيهَا الْحِجْرَ " . <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;">وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ لِيَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ : كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُسِرُّ إِلَيْكَ حَدِيثًا كَثِيرًا ، فَمَا حَدَّثَتْكَ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ : قَالَتْ لِي : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، لَوْلَا قَوْمُكِ حَدِيثٌ عَهْدُهُمْ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ : بِكُفْرٍ لَنَقَضْتُ الْكَعْبَةَ ، فَجَعَلْتُ لَهَا بَابَيْنِ : بَابًا يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ النَّاسُ ، وَبَابًا يَخْرُجُونَ " . فَفَعَلَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ . </span></span><br /> <span style="color: red;">انْفَرَدَ بِإِخْرَاجِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ ، فَرَوَاهُ هَكَذَا فِي كِتَابِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ صَحِيحِهِ </span><br /> وَقَالَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ : قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَوْلَا حَدَاثَةُ عَهْدِ قَوْمِكِ بِالْكُفْرِ لَنَقَضْتُ الْكَعْبَةَ وَلَجَعَلْتُهَا عَلَى أَسَاسِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا حِينَ بَنَتِ الْبَيْتَ اسْتَقْصَرَتْ ، وَلَجَعَلْتُ لَهَا خَلْفًا "[ ص: 436 ] <br /> قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ . انْفَرَدَ بِهِ مُسْلِمٌ ، قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مِينَاءَ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ : حَدَّثَتْنِي خَالَتِي يَعْنِي عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، لَوْلَا قَوْمُكِ حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِشِرْكٍ ، لَهَدَمْتُ الْكَعْبَةَ ، فَأَلَزَقْتُهَا بِالْأَرْضِ ، وَلَجَعَلْتُ لَهَا بَابَيْنِ : بَابًا شَرْقِيًّا ، وَبَابًا غَرْبِيًّا ، وَزِدْتُ فِيهَا سِتَّةَ أَذْرُعٍ مِنَ الْحِجْرِ ; فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا اقْتَصَرَتْهَا حَيْثُ بَنَتِ الْكَعْبَةَ " انْفَرَدَ بِهِ أَيْضًا . <br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: red;">85</span></span></span><br />ذكر بناء قريش الكعبة بعد إبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام ، بمدد طويلة وقبل مبعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بخمس سنين وقد نقل معهم في الحجارة ، وله من العمر خمس وثلاثون سنة صلوات الله وسلامه عليه دائما إلى يوم الدين <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><br /> قال محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار ، في السيرة : <br /> ولما بلغ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خمسا وثلاثين سنة ، اجتمعت قريش لبنيان الكعبة ، وكانوا يهمون بذلك ليسقفوها ، ويهابون هدمها ، وإنما كانت رضما فوق القامة ، فأرادوا رفعها وتسقيفها ، وذلك أن نفرا سرقوا كنز الكعبة ، وإنما كان يكون في بئر في جوف الكعبة ، وكان الذي وجد عنده الكنز دويك ، مولى بني مليح بن عمرو من خزاعة ، فقطعت قريش يده . ويزعم الناس أن الذين سرقوه وضعوه عند دويك . وكان البحر قد رمى بسفينة إلى جدة ، لرجل من تجار الروم ، فتحطمت ، فأخذوا خشبها فأعدوه لتسقيفها . وكان بمكة رجل قبطي نجار ، فهيأ لهم ، في أنفسهم بعض ما يصلحها ، وكانت حية تخرج من بئر الكعبة التي كانت تطرح فيها ما يهدى لها كل يوم ، فتتشرق على جدار الكعبة ، وكانت مما يهابون . وذلك أنه كان لا يدنو منها أحد إلا احزألت وكشت وفتحت فاها ، فكانوا يهابونها ، فبينا هي يوما تتشرق على جدار الكعبة ، كما كانت تصنع ، بعث الله إليها طائرا فاختطفها ، فذهب بها . فقالت قريش : إنا لنرجو أن يكون الله قد رضي ما أردنا ، عندنا عامل رفيق ، وعندنا خشب ، وقد كفانا الله الحية . فلما أجمعوا أمرهم في هدمها وبنيانها ، قام أبو وهب بن عمرو بن عائذ بن عبد بن عمران بن [ ص: 437 ] مخزوم ، فتناول من الكعبة حجرا ، فوثب من يده حتى رجع إلى موضعه . فقال : يا معشر قريش ، لا تدخلوا في بنيانها من كسبكم إلا طيبا ، لا يدخل فيها مهر بغي ولا بيع ربا ، ولا مظلمة أحد من الناس . <br /> قال ابن إسحاق : والناس ينحلون هذا الكلام الوليد بن المغيرة بن عبد الله بن عمر بن مخزوم . <br /> قال : ثم إن قريشا تجزأت الكعبة ، فكان شق الباب لبني عبد مناف وزهرة ، وكان ما بين الركن الأسود والركن اليماني لبني مخزوم وقبائل من قريش انضموا إليهم ، وكان ظهر الكعبة لبني جمح وسهم ، وكان شق الحجر لبني عبد الدار بن قصي ، ولبني أسد بن عبد العزى بن قصي ، ولبني عدي بن كعب بن لؤي ، وهو الحطيم . <br /> ثم إن الناس هابوا هدمها وفرقوا منه ، فقال الوليد بن المغيرة : أنا أبدؤكم في هدمها : فأخذ المعول ثم قام عليها وهو يقول : اللهم لم ترع ، اللهم إنا لا نريد إلا الخير . ثم هدم من ناحية الركنين ، فتربص الناس تلك الليلة ، وقالوا : ننظر ، فإن أصيب لم نهدم منها شيئا ، ورددناها كما كانت ، وإن لم يصبه شيء فقد رضي الله ما صنعنا . فأصبح الوليد من ليلته غاديا على عمله ، فهدم وهدم الناس معه ، حتى إذا انتهى الهدم [ بهم ] إلى الأساس ، أساس إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، أفضوا إلى حجارة خضر كالأسنة آخذ بعضها بعضا . </span></span><br /> <span style="color: blue;">قال [ محمد بن إسحاق ] فحدثني بعض من يروي الحديث : أن رجلا من قريش ، ممن كان يهدمها ، أدخل عتلة بين حجرين منها ليقلع بها أحدهما ، فلما تحرك الحجر تنقضت مكة بأسرها ، فانتهوا عن ذلك الأساس . <br /> قال ابن إسحاق : ثم إن القبائل من قريش جمعت الحجارة لبنائها ، كل قبيلة تجمع على حدة ، ثم بنوها ، حتى بلغ البنيان موضع الركن يعني الحجر الأسود فاختصموا فيه ، كل قبيلة تريد أن ترفعه إلى موضعه دون الأخرى ، حتى تحاوروا وتخالفوا ، وأعدوا للقتال . فقربت بنو عبد الدار جفنة مملوءة دما ، ثم تعاقدوا هم وبنو عدي بن كعب بن لؤي على الموت ، وأدخلوا أيديهم في ذلك الدم في تلك الجفنة ، فسموا : لعقة الدم . فمكثت قريش على ذلك أربع ليال أو خمسا . ثم إنهم اجتمعوا في المسجد فتشاوروا وتناصفوا . <br /> فزعم بعض أهل الرواية : أن أبا أمية بن المغيرة بن عبد الله بن عمر بن مخزوم وكان عامئذ أسن [ ص: 438 ] قريش كلهم قال : يا معشر قريش ، اجعلوا بينكم فيما تختلفون فيه أول من يدخل من باب هذا المسجد ، يقضي بينكم ، فيه . ففعلوا ، فكان أول داخل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . فلما رأوه قالوا : هذا الأمين رضينا ، هذا محمد ، فلما انتهى إليهم وأخبروه الخبر ، قال [ رسول الله ] صلى الله عليه وسلم : " هلم إلي ثوبا " فأتي به ، فأخذ الركن يعني الحجر الأسود فوضعه فيه بيده ، ثم قال : " لتأخذ كل قبيلة بناحية من الثوب " ثم [ قال ] : " ارفعوه جميعا " . ففعلوا ، حتى إذا بلغوا به موضعه ، وضعه هو بيده صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ثم بنى عليه . <br /> وكانت قريش تسمي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل أن ينزل عليه الوحي : الأمين . فلما فرغوا من البنيان وبنوها على ما أرادوا ، قال الزبير بن عبد المطلب ، فيما كان من أمر الحية التي كانت قريش تهاب بنيان الكعبة لها : <br />عجبت لما تصوبت العقاب إلى الثعبان وهي لها اضطراب وقد كانت يكون لها كشيش </span><br />وأحيانا يكون لها وثاب إذا قمنا إلى التأسيس شدت <br />تهيبنا البناء وقد تهاب فلما أن خشينا الزجر جاءت <br />عقاب تتلئب لها انصباب فضمتها إليها ثم خلت <br />لنا البنيان ليس له حجاب فقمنا حاشدين إلى بناء <br />لنا منه القواعد والتراب غداة نرفع التأسيس منه <br />وليس على مسوينا ثياب أعز به المليك بني لؤي <br />فليس لأصله منهم ذهاب وقد حشدت هناك بنو <br />عدي ومرة قد تقدمها كلاب فبوأنا المليك بذاك عزا <br />وعند الله يلتمس الثواب <br /> قال ابن إسحاق : وكانت الكعبة على عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثمانية عشر ذراعا ، وكانت تكسى القباطي ، ثم كسيت بعد البرود ، وأول من كساها الديباج الحجاج بن يوسف . <br /> قلت : ولم تزل على بناء قريش حتى أحرقت في أول إمارة عبد الله بن الزبير بعد سنة ستين . وفي آخر ولاية يزيد بن معاوية ، لما حاصروا ابن الزبير ، فحينئذ نقضها ابن الزبير إلى الأرض وبناها على قواعد إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، وأدخل فيها الحجر وجعل لها بابا شرقيا وبابا غربيا ملصقين [ ص: 439 ] بالأرض ، كما سمع ذلك من خالته عائشة أم المؤمنين ، رضي الله عنها ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . ولم تزل كذلك مدة إمارته حتى قتله الحجاج ، فردها إلى ما كانت عليه بأمر عبد الملك بن مروان له بذلك ، كما قال مسلم بن الحجاج في صحيحه : <br /> حدثنا هناد بن السري ، حدثنا ابن أبي زائدة ، أخبرنا ابن أبي سليمان ، عن عطاء ، قال : لما احترق البيت زمن يزيد بن معاوية حين غزاها أهل الشام ، وكان من أمره ما كان ، تركه ابن الزبير حتى قدم الناس الموسم يريد أن يجرئهم أو يحزبهم على أهل الشام ، فلما صدر الناس قال : يا أيها الناس ، أشيروا علي في الكعبة ، أنقضها ثم أبني بناءها أو أصلح ما وهى منها ؟ قال ابن عباس : فإني قد فرق لي رأي فيها ، أرى أن تصلح ما وهى منها ، وتدع بيتا أسلم الناس عليه وأحجارا أسلم الناس عليها ، وبعث عليها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . فقال ابن الزبير : لو كان أحدهم احترق بيته ما رضي حتى يجدده ، فكيف بيت ربكم ، عز وجل ; إني مستخير ربي ثلاثا ثم عازم على أمري . فلما مضت ثلاث أجمع رأيه على أن ينقضها . فتحاماها الناس أن ينزل بأول الناس يصعد فيه أمر من السماء ، حتى صعده رجل ، فألقى منه حجارة ، فلما لم يره الناس أصابه شيء تتابعوا ، فنقضوه حتى بلغوا به الأرض . فجعل ابن الزبير أعمدة يستر عليها الستور ، حتى ارتفع بناؤه . وقال ابن الزبير : إني سمعت عائشة ، رضي الله عنها ، تقول : إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " لولا أن الناس حديث عهدهم بكفر ، وليس عندي من النفقة ما يقويني على بنائه ، لكنت أدخلت فيه من الحجر خمسة أذرع ، ولجعلت له بابا يدخل الناس منه ، وبابا يخرجون منه . قال : فأنا أجد ما أنفق ، ولست أخاف الناس . قال : فزاد فيه خمسة أذرع من الحجر ، حتى أبدى له أسا نظر الناس إليه فبنى عليه البناء . وكان طول الكعبة ثمانية عشر ذراعا ، فلما زاد فيه استقصره فزاد في طوله عشرة أذرع ، وجعل له بابين : أحدهما يدخل منه ، والآخر يخرج منه . فلما قتل ابن الزبير كتب الحجاج إلى عبد الملك يخبره بذلك ، ويخبره أن ابن الزبير قد وضع البناء على أس نظر إليه العدول من أهل مكة ، فكتب إليه عبد الملك : إنا لسنا من تلطيخ ابن الزبير في شيء ، أما ما زاده في طوله فأقره . وأما ما زاد فيه من الحجر فرده إلى بنائه ، وسد الباب الذي فتحه . فنقضه وأعاده إلى بنائه . <br /> وقد رواه النسائي في سننه ، عن هناد ، عن يحيى بن أبي زائدة ، عن عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن الزبير ، عن عائشة بالمرفوع منه . ولم يذكر القصة ، وقد كانت السنة إقرار ما فعله عبد الله بن الزبير ، رضي الله عنه ; لأنه هو الذي وده رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . ولكن خشي أن تنكره [ ص: 440 ] قلوب بعض الناس لحداثة عهدهم بالإسلام وقرب عهدهم من الكفر . ولكن خفيت هذه السنة على عبد الملك ; ولهذا لما تحقق ذلك عن عائشة أنها روت ذلك عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : وددنا أنا تركناه وما تولى . كما قال مسلم : <br /> حدثني محمد بن حاتم حدثنا محمد بن بكر أخبرنا ابن جريج ، سمعت عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير والوليد بن عطاء ، يحدثان عن الحارث بن عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة ، قال عبد الله بن عبيد : وفد الحارث بن عبد الله على عبد الملك بن مروان في خلافته ، فقال عبد الملك : ما أظن أبا خبيب يعني ابن الزبير سمع من عائشة ما كان يزعم أنه سمعه منها . قال الحارث : بلى ، أنا سمعته منها . قال : سمعتها تقول ماذا ؟ قال : قالت : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن قومك استقصروا من بنيان البيت ، ولولا حداثة عهدهم بالشرك أعدت ما تركوا منه ، فإن بدا لقومك من بعدي أن يبنوه فهلمي لأريك ما تركوا منه " . فأراها قريبا من سبعة أذرع . <br /> هذا حديث عبد الله بن عبيد [ بن عمير ] . وزاد عليه الوليد بن عطاء : قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ولجعلت لها بابين موضوعين في الأرض شرقيا وغربيا ، وهل تدرين لم كان قومك رفعوا بابها ؟ " قالت : قلت : لا . قال : " تعززا ألا يدخلها إلا من أرادوا . فكان الرجل إذا هو أراد أن يدخلها ، يدعونه حتى يرتقي ، حتى إذا كاد أن يدخل دفعوه فسقط " قال عبد الملك : فقلت للحارث : أنت سمعتها تقول هذا ؟ قال : نعم . قال : فنكت ساعة بعصاه ، ثم قال : وددت أني تركت وما تحمل . <br /> قال مسلم : وحدثناه محمد بن عمرو بن جبلة ، حدثنا أبو عاصم ( ح ) وحدثنا عبد بن حميد ، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق ، كلاهما عن ابن جريج بهذا الإسناد ، مثل حديث ابن بكر . <br /> قال : وحدثني محمد بن حاتم ، حدثنا عبد الله بن بكر السهمي ، حدثنا حاتم بن أبي صغيرة ، عن أبي قزعة أن عبد الملك بن مروان بينما هو يطوف بالبيت إذ قال : قاتل الله ابن الزبير حيث يكذب على أم المؤمنين ، يقول : سمعتها تقول : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يا عائشة ، لولا حدثان قومك بالكفر لنقضت البيت حتى أزيد فيها من الحجر ، فإن قومك قصروا في البناء " . فقال الحارث بن عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة : لا تقل هذا يا أمير المؤمنين ، فأنا سمعت أم المؤمنين تحدث هذا . قال : لو كنت سمعته قبل أن أهدمه لتركته على ما بنى ابن الزبير.<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;">[ص: 441 ] </span></span><br /> فهذا الحديث كالمقطوع به إلى عائشة أم المؤمنين ، لأنه قد روي عنها من طرق صحيحة متعددة عن الأسود بن يزيد ، والحارث بن عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة ، وعبد الله بن الزبير ، وعبد الله بن محمد بن أبي بكر الصديق ، وعروة بن الزبير . فدل هذا على صواب ما فعله ابن الزبير . فلو ترك لكان جيدا . <br /> ولكن بعد ما رجع الأمر إلى هذا الحال ، فقد كره بعض العلماء أن يغير عن حاله ، كما ذكر عن أمير المؤمنين هارون الرشيد أو أبيه المهدي أنه سأل الإمام مالكا عن هدم الكعبة وردها إلى ما فعله ابن الزبير . فقال له مالك : يا أمير المؤمنين ، لا تجعل كعبة الله ملعبة للملوك ، لا يشاء أحد أن يهدمها إلا هدمها . فترك ذلك الرشيد . <br /> نقله عياض والنواوي ، ولا تزال والله أعلم هكذا إلى آخر الزمان ، إلى أن يخربها ذو السويقتين من الحبشة ، كما ثبت ذلك في الصحيحين عن أبي هريرة قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يخرب الكعبة ذو السويقتين من الحبشة " . أخرجاه . <br /> وعن عبد الله بن عباس ، رضي الله عنهما ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " كأني به أسود أفحج ، يقلعها حجرا حجرا " . رواه البخاري . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد بن حنبل في مسنده : حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الملك الحراني ، حدثنا محمد بن سلمة ، عن ابن إسحاق ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد ، عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص ، رضي الله عنهما قال : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " يخرب الكعبة ذو السويقتين من الحبشة ، ويسلبها حليتها ويجردها من كسوتها . ولكأني أنظر إليه أصيلع أفيدع يضرب عليها بمسحاته ومعوله " . <br /> الفدع : زيغ بين القدم وعظم الساق . <br /> وهذا والله أعلم إنما يكون بعد خروج يأجوج ومأجوج ، لما جاء في صحيح البخاري عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، رضي الله عنه ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ليحجن البيت وليعتمرن بعد خروج يأجوج ومأجوج " . <br /> وقوله تعالى حكاية لدعاء إبراهيم وإسماعيل ، عليهما السلام : ( ربنا واجعلنا مسلمين لك ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك وأرنا مناسكنا وتب علينا إنك أنت التواب الرحيم )[ص: 442 ] <br /> قال ابن جرير : يعنيان بذلك ، واجعلنا مستسلمين لأمرك ، خاضعين لطاعتك ، لا نشرك معك في الطاعة أحدا سواك ، ولا في العبادة غيرك . <br /> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا إسماعيل بن رجاء بن حيان الحصني القرشي ، حدثنا معقل بن عبيد الله ، عن عبد الكريم : ( واجعلنا مسلمين لك ) قال : مخلصين لك ، ( ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك ) قال : مخلصة . <br /> وقال أيضا : حدثنا علي بن الحسين ، حدثنا المقدمي ، حدثنا سعيد بن عامر ، عن سلام بن أبي مطيع في هذه الآية ( واجعلنا مسلمين ) قال : كانا مسلمين ، ولكنهما سألاه الثبات . <br /> وقال عكرمة : ( ربنا واجعلنا مسلمين لك ) قال الله : قد فعلت . <span style="color: red;">(ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك )</span> قال الله : قد فعلت . <br />وقال السدي : ( ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك ) يعنيان العرب . <br /> قال ابن جرير : والصواب أنه يعم العرب وغيرهم ; لأن من ذرية إبراهيم بني إسرائيل ، وقد قال الله تعالى : <span style="color: red;">( ومن قوم موسى أمة يهدون بالحق وبه يعدلون ) [ الأعراف : 159 ] </span><br /> قلت : وهذا الذي قاله ابن جرير لا ينفيه السدي ; فإن تخصيصهم بذلك لا ينفي من عداهم ، والسياق إنما هو في العرب ; ولهذا قال بعده : ( ربنا وابعث فيهم رسولا منهم يتلو عليهم آياتك ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة ويزكيهم ) الآية ، والمراد بذلك محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وقد بعث فيهم كما قال تعالى : ( هو الذي بعث في الأميين رسولا منهم ) [ الجمعة : 2 ] ومع هذا لا ينفي رسالته إلى الأحمر والأسود ، لقوله تعالى : ( قل يا أيها الناس إني رسول الله إليكم جميعا ) [ الأعراف : 158 ] ، وغير ذلك من الأدلة القاطعة . <br /> وهذا الدعاء من إبراهيم وإسماعيل ، عليهما السلام ، كما أخبر الله تعالى عن عباده المتقين المؤمنين ، في قوله : ( والذين يقولون ربنا هب لنا من أزواجنا وذرياتنا قرة أعين واجعلنا للمتقين إماما ) [ الفرقان : 74 ] . وهذا القدر مرغوب فيه شرعا ، فإن من تمام محبة عبادة الله تعالى أن يحب أن يكون من صلبه من يعبد الله وحده لا شريك له ; ولهذا لما قال الله تعالى لإبراهيم ، عليه السلام : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما ) قال : ( ومن ذريتي قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) وهو قوله : ( واجنبني وبني أن نعبد الأصنام ) [ إبراهيم : 35 ] . وقد ثبت في صحيح مسلم ، عن أبي هريرة ، رضي الله عنه ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " إذا مات ابن آدم انقطع عمله إلا من ثلاث : صدقة جارية ، أو علم ينتفع به ، أو ولد صالح يدعو له "[ص: 443] <br /> " وأرنا مناسكنا " قال ابن جريج ، عن عطاء ( وأرنا مناسكنا ) أخرجها لنا ، علمناها . <br /> وقال مجاهد ( وأرنا مناسكنا ) مذابحنا . وروي عن عطاء أيضا ، وقتادة نحو ذلك . <br /> وقال سعيد بن منصور : حدثنا عتاب بن بشير ، عن خصيف ، عن مجاهد ، قال : قال إبراهيم : " أرنا مناسكنا " فأتاه جبرائيل ، فأتى به البيت ، فقال : ارفع القواعد . فرفع القواعد وأتم البنيان ، ثم أخذ بيده فأخرجه فانطلق به إلى الصفا ، قال : هذا من شعائر الله . ثم انطلق به إلى المروة ، فقال : وهذا من شعائر الله ؟ . ثم انطلق به نحو منى ، فلما كان من العقبة إذا إبليس قائم عند الشجرة ، فقال : كبر وارمه . فكبر ورماه . ثم انطلق إبليس فقام عند الجمرة الوسطى ، فلما جاز به جبريل وإبراهيم قال له : كبر وارمه . فكبر ورماه . فذهب إبليس وكان الخبيث أراد أن يدخل في الحج شيئا فلم يستطع ، فأخذ بيد إبراهيم حتى أتى به المشعر الحرام ، فقال : هذا المشعر الحرام . فأخذ بيد إبراهيم حتى أتى به عرفات . قال : قد عرفت ما أريتك ؟ قالها : ثلاث مرار . قال : نعم . <br /> وروي عن أبي مجلز وقتادة نحو ذلك . وقال أبو داود الطيالسي : حدثنا حماد بن سلمة ، عن أبي العاصم الغنوي ، عن أبي الطفيل ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : إن إبراهيم لما أري أوامر المناسك ، عرض له الشيطان عند المسعى ، فسابقه إبراهيم ، ثم انطلق به جبريل حتى أتى به منى ، فقال : مناخ الناس هذا . فلما انتهى إلى جمرة العقبة تعرض له الشيطان ، فرماه بسبع حصيات حتى ذهب ، ثم أتى به الجمرة الوسطى ، فعرض له الشيطان فرماه بسبع حصيات ، حتى ذهب ، ثم أتى به الجمرة القصوى ، فعرض له الشيطان ، فرماه بسبع حصيات حتى ذهب ، فأتى به جمعا . فقال : هذا المشعر . ثم أتى به عرفة . فقال : هذه عرفة . فقال له جبريل : أعرفت ؟ . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">86</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><br />( ربنا وابعث فيهم رسولا منهم يتلو عليهم آياتك ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة ويزكيهم إنك أنت العزيز الحكيم ( 129 ) </span></span><br /> يقول تعالى إخبارا عن تمام دعوة إبراهيم لأهل الحرم أن يبعث الله فيهم رسولا منهم ، أي من ذرية إبراهيم . وقد وافقت هذه الدعوة المستجابة قدر الله السابق في تعيين محمد صلوات الله وسلامه عليه رسولا في الأميين إليهم ، إلى سائر الأعجمين ، من الإنس والجن ، كما قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي ، حدثنا معاوية بن صالح ، عن سعيد بن سويد الكلبي ، عن عبد الأعلى بن هلال السلمي ، عن العرباض بن سارية قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إني عند الله لخاتم [ ص: 444 ] النبيين ، وإن آدم لمنجدل في طينته ، وسأنبئكم بأول ذلك ، دعوة أبي إبراهيم ، وبشارة عيسى بي ، ورؤيا أمي التي رأت ، وكذلك أمهات النبيين يرين " . <br /> وكذلك رواه ابن وهب ، والليث ، وكاتبه عبد الله بن صالح ، عن معاوية بن صالح ، وتابعه أبو بكر بن أبي مريم ، عن سعيد بن سويد ، به . <br /> وقال الإمام أحمد أيضا : حدثنا أبو النضر ، حدثنا الفرج ، حدثنا لقمان بن عامر : سمعت أبا أمامة قال : قلت : يا رسول الله ، ما كان أول بدء أمرك ؟ قال : " دعوة أبي إبراهيم ، وبشرى عيسى بي ، ورأت أمي أنه خرج منها نور أضاءت له قصور الشام " . <br /> والمراد أن أول من نوه بذكره وشهره في الناس ، إبراهيم عليه السلام . ولم يزل ذكره في الناس مذكورا مشهورا سائرا حتى أفصح باسمه خاتم أنبياء بني إسرائيل نسبا ، وهو عيسى ابن مريم ، عليه السلام ، حيث قام في بني إسرائيل خطيبا ، وقال : ( إني رسول الله إليكم مصدقا لما بين يدي من التوراة ومبشرا برسول يأتي من بعدي اسمه أحمد ) [ الصف : 6 ] ; ولهذا قال في هذا الحديث:"دعوة أبي إبراهيم ، وبشرى عيسى ابن مريم" وقوله : " ورأت أمي أنه خرج منها نور أضاءت له قصور الشام " قيل : كان مناما رأته حين حملت به ، وقصته على قومها فشاع فيهم واشتهر بينهم ، وكان ذلك توطئة . وتخصيص الشام بظهور نوره إشارة إلى استقرار دينه وثبوته ببلاد الشام ، ولهذا تكون الشام في آخر الزمان معقلا للإسلام وأهله ، وبها ينزل عيسى ابن مريم إذا نزل بدمشق بالمنارة الشرقية البيضاء منها . ولهذا جاء في الصحيحين : " لا تزال طائفة من أمتي ظاهرين على الحق لا يضرهم من خذلهم ولا من خالفهم حتى يأتي أمر الله وهم كذلك " . وفي صحيح البخاري : " وهم بالشام " . <br /> قال أبو جعفر الرازي ، عن الربيع بن أنس ، عن أبي العالية ، في قوله : ( ربنا وابعث فيهم رسولا منهم ) يعني : أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . فقيل له : قد استجيبت لك ، وهو كائن في آخر الزمان . وكذا قال السدي وقتادة . <br /> وقوله تعالى : ( ويعلمهم الكتاب ) يعني : القرآن ( والحكمة ) يعني : السنة ، قاله الحسن ،[ ص: 445 ] <br />وقتادة ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، وأبو مالك وغيرهم . وقيل : الفهم في الدين . ولا منافاة . <br /> ( ويزكيهم ) قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : يعني طاعة الله ، والإخلاص . <br /> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ( ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة ) قال : يعلمهم الخير فيفعلوه ، والشر فيتقوه ، ويخبرهم برضاه عنهم إذا أطاعوه واستكثروا من طاعته ، وتجنبوا ما سخط من معصيته . <br /> وقوله : ( إنك أنت العزيز الحكيم ) أي : العزيز الذي لا يعجزه شيء ، وهو قادر على كل شيء ، الحكيم في أفعاله وأقواله ، فيضع الأشياء في محالها ; وحكمته وعدله . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;">87</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;"><br />( ومن يرغب عن ملة إبراهيم إلا من سفه نفسه ولقد اصطفيناه في الدنيا وإنه في الآخرة لمن الصالحين ( 130 ) إذ قال له ربه أسلم قال أسلمت لرب العالمين ( 131 ) ووصى بها إبراهيم بنيه ويعقوب يا بني إن الله اصطفى لكم الدين فلا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمون ( 132 ) </span></span> <br /> يقول تبارك وتعالى ردا على الكفار فيما ابتدعوه وأحدثوه من الشرك بالله ، المخالف لملة إبراهيم الخليل ، إمام الحنفاء ، فإنه جرد توحيد ربه تبارك وتعالى ، فلم يدع معه غيره ، ولا أشرك به طرفة عين ، وتبرأ من كل معبود سواه ، وخالف في ذلك سائر قومه ، حتى تبرأ من أبيه ، فقال : ( يا قوم إني بريء مما تشركون إني وجهت وجهي للذي فطر السماوات والأرض حنيفا وما أنا من المشركين ) [ الأنعام : 78 ، 79 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( وإذ قال إبراهيم لأبيه وقومه إنني براء مما تعبدون إلا الذي فطرني فإنه سيهدين ) [ الزخرف : 26 ، 27 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( وما كان استغفار إبراهيم لأبيه إلا عن موعدة وعدها إياه فلما تبين له أنه عدو لله تبرأ منه إن إبراهيم لأواه حليم ) [ التوبة : 114 ] وقال تعالى : ( إن إبراهيم كان أمة قانتا لله حنيفا ولم يك من المشركين شاكرا لأنعمه اجتباه وهداه إلى صراط مستقيم وآتيناه في الدنيا حسنة وإنه في الآخرة لمن الصالحين ) [ النحل : 120 ، 122 ] ، ولهذا وأمثاله قال تعالى : ( ومن يرغب عن ملة إبراهيم ) أي : عن طريقته ومنهجه . فيخالفها ويرغب عنها ( إلا من سفه نفسه ) أي : ظلم نفسه بسفهه وسوء تدبيره بتركه الحق إلى الضلال ، حيث خالف طريق من اصطفي في الدنيا للهداية والرشاد ، من حداثة سنه إلى أن اتخذه الله خليلا وهو في الآخرة من الصالحين السعداء فترك طريقه هذا ومسلكه وملته واتبع طرق الضلالة والغي ، فأي سفه أعظم من هذا ؟ أم أي ظلم أكبر من هذا ؟ كما قال تعالى : ( إن الشرك لظلم عظيم ) <br /> وقال أبو العالية وقتادة : نزلت هذه الآية في اليهود ; أحدثوا طريقا ليست من عند الله وخالفوا ملة إبراهيم فيما أخذوه ، ويشهد لصحة هذا القول قول الله تعالى : ( ما كان إبراهيم يهوديا ولا نصرانيا ولكن كان حنيفا مسلما وما كان من المشركين إن أولى الناس بإبراهيم للذين اتبعوه وهذا النبي والذين آمنوا والله ولي المؤمنين ) [ آل عمران : 67 ، 68 ][ ص: 446 ] <br /> وقوله تعالى : ( إذ قال له ربه أسلم قال أسلمت لرب العالمين ) أي : أمره الله بالإخلاص له والاستسلام والانقياد ، فأجاب إلى ذلك شرعا وقدرا . <br /> وقوله : ( ووصى بها إبراهيم بنيه ويعقوب ) أي : وصى بهذه الملة وهي الإسلام لله [ أو يعود الضمير على الكلمة وهي قوله : ( أسلمت لرب العالمين ) ] . لحرصهم عليها ومحبتهم لها حافظوا عليها إلى حين الوفاة ووصوا أبناءهم بها من بعدهم ; كقوله تعالى : ( وجعلها كلمة باقية في عقبه ) [ الزخرف : 28 ] وقد قرأ بعض السلف " ويعقوب " بالنصب عطفا على بنيه ، كأن إبراهيم وصى بنيه وابن ابنه يعقوب بن إسحاق وكان حاضرا ذلك ، وقد ادعى القشيري ، فيما حكاه القرطبي عنه أن يعقوب إنما ولد بعد وفاة إبراهيم ، ويحتاج مثل هذا إلى دليل صحيح ; والظاهر ، والله أعلم ، أن إسحاق ولد له يعقوب في حياة الخليل وسارة ; لأن البشارة وقعت بهما في قوله : ( فبشرناها بإسحاق ومن وراء إسحاق يعقوب ) [ هود : 71 ] وقد قرئ بنصب يعقوب هاهنا على نزع الخافض ، فلو لم يوجد يعقوب في حياتهما لما كان لذكره من بين ذرية إسحاق كبير فائدة ، وأيضا فقد قال الله تعالى في سورة العنكبوت : ( ووهبنا له إسحاق ويعقوب وجعلنا في ذريته النبوة والكتاب وآتيناه أجره في الدنيا وإنه في الآخرة لمن الصالحين ) [ الآية : 27 ] وقال في الآية الأخرى : ( ووهبنا له إسحاق ويعقوب نافلة ) [ الأنبياء : 72 ] وهذا يقتضي أنه وجد في حياته ، وأيضا فإنه باني بيت المقدس ، كما نطقت بذلك الكتب المتقدمة ، وثبت في الصحيحين من حديث أبي ذر قلت : يا رسول الله ، أي مسجد وضع أول ؟ قال : " المسجد الحرام " ، قلت : ثم أي ؟ قال : " بيت المقدس " . قلت : كم بينهما ؟ قال : " أربعون سنة " الحديث . فزعم ابن حبان أن بين سليمان الذي اعتقد أنه باني بيت المقدس وإنما كان جدده بعد خرابه وزخرفه وبين إبراهيم أربعين سنة ، وهذا مما أنكر على ابن حبان ، فإن المدة بينهما تزيد على ألوف سنين ، والله أعلم ، وأيضا فإن ذكر وصية يعقوب لبنيه سيأتي ذكرها قريبا ، وهذا يدل على أنه هاهنا من جملة الموصين . <br /> وقوله : ( يا بني إن الله اصطفى لكم الدين فلا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمون ) أي : أحسنوا في حال الحياة والزموا هذا ليرزقكم الله الوفاة عليه . فإن المرء يموت غالبا على ما كان عليه ، ويبعث على ما مات عليه . وقد أجرى الله الكريم عادته بأن من قصد الخير وفق له ويسر عليه . ومن نوى صالحا ثبت عليه . وهذا لا يعارض ما جاء ، في الحديث [ الصحيح ] " إن الرجل ليعمل بعمل أهل الجنة حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا باع أو ذراع ، فيسبق عليه الكتاب ، فيعمل بعمل أهل النار فيدخلها . وإن الرجل ليعمل بعمل أهل النار حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا باع أو ذراع ، فيسبق عليه الكتاب ، [ ص: 447 ] فيعمل بعمل أهل الجنة فيدخلها " ; لأنه قد جاء في بعض روايات هذا الحديث : " فيعمل بعمل أهل الجنة فيما يبدو للناس ، ويعمل بعمل أهل النار فيما يبدو للناس . وقد قال الله تعالى : ( فأما من أعطى واتقى وصدق بالحسنى فسنيسره لليسرى وأما من بخل واستغنى وكذب بالحسنى فسنيسره للعسرى ) [ الليل : 5 - 10 ] . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;">88</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;"><br />( أم كنتم شهداء إذ حضر يعقوب الموت إذ قال لبنيه ما تعبدون من بعدي قالوا نعبد إلهك وإله آبائك إبراهيم وإسماعيل وإسحاق إلها واحدا ونحن له مسلمون ( 133 ) تلك أمة قد خلت لها ما كسبت ولكم ما كسبتم ولا تسألون عما كانوا يعملون ( 134 )</span></span> </span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">( يقول تعالى محتجا على المشركين من العرب أبناء إسماعيل ، وعلى الكفار من بني إسرائيل وهو يعقوب بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم عليهم السلام بأن يعقوب لما حضرته الوفاة وصى بنيه بعبادة الله وحده لا شريك له ، فقال لهم : ( ما تعبدون من بعدي قالوا نعبد إلهك وإله آبائك إبراهيم وإسماعيل وإسحاق ) وهذا من باب التغليب لأن إسماعيل عمه . <br /> قال النحاس : والعرب تسمي العم أبا ، نقله القرطبي ; وقد استدل بهذه الآية من جعل الجد أبا وحجب به الإخوة ، كما هو قول الصديق . حكاه البخاري عنه من طريق ابن عباس وابن الزبير ، ثم قال البخاري : ولم يختلف عليه ، وإليه ذهبت عائشة أم المؤمنين ، وبه يقول الحسن البصري وطاوس وعطاء ، وهو مذهب أبي حنيفة وغير واحد من علماء السلف والخلف ; وقال مالك والشافعي وأحمد في المشهور عنه أنه يقاسم الإخوة ; وحكى مالك عن عمر وعثمان وعلي وابن مسعود وزيد بن ثابت وجماعة من السلف والخلف ، واختاره صاحبا أبي حنيفة القاضي : أبو يوسف ، ومحمد بن الحسن ، ولتقريرها موضع آخر . <br /> وقوله : ( إلها واحدا ) أي : نوحده بالألوهية ، ولا نشرك به شيئا غيره ( ونحن له مسلمون ) أي : مطيعون خاضعون كما قال تعالى : ( وله أسلم من في السماوات والأرض طوعا وكرها وإليه يرجعون ) [ آل عمران : 83 ] وسلم والإسلام هو ملة الأنبياء قاطبة ، وإن تنوعت شرائعهم واختلفت مناهجهم ، كما قال تعالى : ( وما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا فاعبدون ) [ الأنبياء : 25 ] . والآيات في هذا كثيرة والأحاديث ، فمنها قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم نحن معشر الأنبياء أولاد علات ديننا واحد . <br /> وقوله تعالى : ( تلك أمة قد خلت ) أي : مضت ( لها ما كسبت ولكم ما كسبتم ) أي : إن السلف الماضين من آبائكم من الأنبياء والصالحين لا ينفعكم انتسابكم إليهم إذا لم تفعلوا خيرا يعود [ ص: 448 ] نفعه عليكم ، فإن لهم أعمالهم التي عملوها ولكم أعمالكم : ( ولا تسألون عما كانوا يعملون ) <br /> وقال أبو العالية ، والربيع ، وقتادة : ( تلك أمة قد خلت ) يعني : إبراهيم ، وإسماعيل ، وإسحاق ، ويعقوب ، والأسباط [ ولهذا جاء ، في الأثر : من أبطأ به عمله لم يسرع به نسبه <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><span style="color: red;">89</span></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br /> ( وقالوا كونوا هودا أو نصارى تهتدوا قل بل ملة إبراهيم حنيفا وما كان من المشركين ( 135 ) </span></span><br /> قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، حدثني سعيد بن جبير أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال عبد الله بن صوريا الأعور لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ما الهدى إلا ما نحن عليه ، فاتبعنا يا محمد تهتد . وقالت النصارى مثل ذلك . فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( وقالوا كونوا هودا أو نصارى تهتدوا ) <br /> وقوله ( بل ملة إبراهيم حنيفا ) " أي : لا نريد ما دعوتم إليه من اليهودية والنصرانية ، بل نتبع ( ملة إبراهيم حنيفا ) أي : مستقيما . قاله محمد بن كعب القرظي ، وعيسى بن جارية . <br /> وقال خصيف عن مجاهد : مخلصا . وروى علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس : حاجا . وكذا روي عن الحسن والضحاك وعطية ، والسدي . <br /> وقال أبو العالية : الحنيف الذي يستقبل البيت بصلاته ، ويرى أن حجه عليه إن استطاع إليه سبيلا . <br /> وقال مجاهد ، والربيع بن أنس : حنيفا ، أي : متبعا . وقال أبو قلابة : الحنيف الذي يؤمن بالرسل كلهم من أولهم إلى آخرهم . <br />وقال قتادة : الحنيفية : شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله . يدخل فيها تحريم الأمهات والبنات والخالات والعمات وما حرم الله ، عز وجل والختان . <br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;">90</span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #4c1130;"><br /> (قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَمَا أُوتِيَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى وَمَا أُوتِيَ النَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ(136) </span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /> أَرْشَدَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِوَاسِطَةِ رَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُفَصَّلًا وَبِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ مُجْمَلًا وَنَصَّ عَلَى أَعْيَانٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ ، وَأَجْمَلَ ذِكْرَ بَقِيَّةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، وَأَنْ لَا يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ ، بَلْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِمْ كُلِّهِمْ ، وَلَا يَكُونُوا كَمَنْ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ : ( وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ نُؤْمِنُ بِبَعْضٍ وَنَكْفُرُ بِبَعْضٍ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ حَقًّا ) [ النِّسَاءِ : 150 ، 151 ][ ص: 449 ] <br /> وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : كَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ وَيُفَسِّرُونَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تُصَدِّقُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا تُكَذِّبُوهُمْ ، وَقُولُوا : آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا " . <br /> وَقَدْ رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ ، كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكْثَرَ مَا يُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ بِ ( آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا ) الْآيَةَ ، وَالْأُخْرَى بِ ( آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 52 ] . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَالرَّبِيعُ وَقَتَادَةُ : الْأَسْبَاطُ : بَنُو يَعْقُوبَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا ; وَلَدَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أُمَّةً مِنَ النَّاسِ ، فَسُمُّوا الْأَسْبَاطَ . <br /> وَقَالَ الْخَلِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ وَغَيْرُهُ : الْأَسْبَاطُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، كَالْقَبَائِلِ فِي بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ ; وَقَالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ فِي الْكَشَّافِ : الْأَسْبَاطُ : حَفَدَةُ يَعْقُوبَ وَذَرَارِيُّ أَبْنَائِهِ الِاثْنَى عَشَرَ ، وَقَدْ نَقَلَهُ الرَّازِيُّ عَنْهُ ، وَقَرَّرَهُ وَلَمْ يُعَارِضْهُ . وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : الْأَسْبَاطُ : قَبَائِلُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، وَهَذَا يَقْتَضِي أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْأَسْبَاطِ هَاهُنَا شُعُوبُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْوَحْيِ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ الْمَوْجُودِينَ مِنْهُمْ ، كَمَا قَالَ مُوسَى لَهُمْ : ( اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنْبِيَاءَ وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُلُوكًا وَآتَاكُمْ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 20 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أَسْبَاطًا أُمَمًا ) [ الْأَعْرَافِ : 160 ] وَقَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : وَسُمُّوا الْأَسْبَاطَ مِنَ السِّبْطِ ، وَهُوَ التَّتَابُعُ ، فَهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ مُتَتَابِعُونَ . وَقِيلَ : أَصْلُهُ مِنَ السَّبَطِ ، بِالتَّحْرِيكِ ، وَهُوَ الشَّجَرُ ، أَيْ : هُمْ فِي الْكَثْرَةِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الشَّجَرِ ، الْوَاحِدَةُ سَبْطَةٌ . قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ : وَيُبَيِّنُ لَكَ هَذَا : مَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَنْبَارِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُجَيْدٍ الدَّقَّاقُ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : كُلُّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلَّا عَشَرَةً : نُوحٌ وَهُودٌ وَصَالِحٌ وَشُعَيْبٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ وَلُوطٌ وَإِسْحَاقُ وَيَعْقُوبُ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ وَمُحَمَّدٌ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ . قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ : وَالسِّبْطُ : الْجَمَاعَةُ وَالْقَبِيلَةُ ، الرَّاجِعُونَ إِلَى أَصْلٍ وَاحِدٍ . <br /> وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ : أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ ، وَيُصَدِّقُوا بِكُتُبِهِ كُلِّهَا وَبِرُسُلِهِ . <br /> وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ : إِنَّمَا أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نُؤْمِنَ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ ، وَلَا نَعْمَلُ بِمَا فِيهِمَا . <br /> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُصْعِبٍ الصُّورِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ [ ص: 450 ] بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ ، عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " آمِنُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَالزَّبُورِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ ، وَلْيَسَعْكُمُ الْقُرْآنُ " . <br /> يأتي 91 ان شاء الله تعالي</span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-22374942396117764902017-02-09T03:21:00.009-08:002017-02-14T22:05:39.371-08:0012 من(أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم..)الي قوله تعالي (وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات..)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>الآتي ان شاء الله 13 </b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>72</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><b>(أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل ومن يتبدل الكفر بالإيمان فقد ضل سواء السبيل ( 108 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> نهى الله تعالى في هذه الآية الكريمة ، عن كثرة سؤال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الأشياء قبل كونها ، كما قال تعالى : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم وإن تسألوا عنها حين ينزل القرآن تبد لكم ) [ المائدة : 101 ] أي : وإن تسألوا عن تفصيلها بعد نزولها تبين لكم ، ولا تسألوا عن الشيء قبل كونه ; فلعله أن يحرم من أجل تلك المسألة . ولهذا جاء في الصحيح : " إن أعظم المسلمين جرما من سأل عن شيء لم يحرم ، فحرم من أجل مسألته " . ولما سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الرجل يجد مع امرأته رجلا فإن تكلم تكلم بأمر عظيم ، وإن سكت سكت على مثل ذلك ; فكره رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المسائل وعابها . ثم أنزل الله حكم الملاعنة . ولهذا ثبت في الصحيحين من حديث المغيرة بن شعبة : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان ينهى عن قيل وقال ، وكثرة السؤال ، وإضاعة المال وفي صحيح مسلم : " ذروني ما تركتكم ، فإنما هلك من قبلكم بكثرة سؤالهم واختلافهم على أنبيائهم ، فإذا أمرتكم بأمر فأتوا منه ما استطعتم ، وإن نهيتكم عن شيء فاجتنبوه " . وهذا إنما قاله بعد ما أخبرهم أن الله كتب عليهم الحج . فقال رجل : أكل عام يا رسول الله ؟ فسكت عنه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاثا . ثم قال ، عليه السلام : " لا ، ولو قلت نعم لوجبت ، ولو وجبت لما استطعتم " . ثم قال : " ذروني ما تركتكم " الحديث . وهكذا قال أنس بن مالك : نهينا أن نسأل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن شيء ، فكان يعجبنا أن يأتي الرجل من أهل البادية فيسأله ونحن نسمع . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الحافظ أبو يعلى الموصلي في مسنده : حدثنا أبو كريب ، حدثنا إسحاق بن سليمان ، عن أبي سنان ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن البراء بن عازب ، قال : إن كان ليأتي علي السنة أريد أن أسأل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن شيء فأتهيب منه ، وإن كنا لنتمنى الأعراب . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال البزار : حدثنا محمد بن المثنى ، حدثنا ابن فضيل ، عن عطاء بن السائب ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : ما رأيت قوما خيرا من أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ما سألوه <span style="color: red;">إلا عن ثنتي[ص: 381 ]</span></b><b><span style="color: red;">عشرة مسألة</span>،كلها في القرآن:<span style="color: magenta;"> ^(يسألونك عن الخمر والميسر)</span>[ البقرة : 219}و </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="color: red;">^(يسألونك عن الشهر الحرام)</span> [البقرة : 217 ] ، </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>^و<span style="color: blue;">(ويسألونك عن اليتامى )</span>[ البقرة : 220 ] يعني : هذا وأشباهه</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>^وقوله تعالى :<span style="color: #073763;">(أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل )</span> أي : بل تريدون . أو هي على بابها في الاستفهام ، وهو إنكاري ، وهو يعم المؤمنين والكافرين ، فإنه ، عليه السلام ، رسول الله إلى الجميع ، </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>^كما قال تعالى:<span style="color: red;">(يسألك أهل الكتاب أن تنزل عليهم كتابا من السماء فقد سألوا موسى أكبر من ذلك فقالوا أرنا الله جهرة فأخذتهم الصاعقة بظلمهم )</span> [ النساء : 153 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ^قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد [ بن جبير ]عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال رافع بن حريملة أو وهب بن زيد : ^يا محمد ، ائتنا بكتاب تنزله علينا من السماء نقرأه ، ^وفجر لنا أنهارا نتبعك ونصدقك . فأنزل الله من قولهم:( أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل ومن يتبدل الكفر بالإيمان فقد ضل سواء السبيل ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر الرازي ، عن الربيع بن أنس ، عن أبي العالية في قوله تعالى : ( أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل ومن يتبدل الكفر بالإيمان فقد ضل سواء السبيل ) قال : قال رجل : يا رسول الله ، لو كانت كفاراتنا كفارات بني إسرائيل ! فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " اللهم لا نبغيها - ثلاثا - ما أعطاكم الله خير مما أعطى بني إسرائيل ، كانت بنو إسرائيل إذا أصاب أحدهم الخطيئة وجدها مكتوبة على بابه وكفارتها ، فإن كفرها كانت له خزيا في الدنيا ، وإن لم يكفرها كانت له خزيا في الآخرة . فما أعطاكم الله خير مما أعطى بني إسرائيل ".قال:( ومن يعمل سوءا أو يظلم نفسه ثم يستغفر الله يجد الله غفورا رحيما ) [النساء :110] ، وقال :"الصلوات الخمس من الجمعة إلى الجمعة كفارات لما بينهن " . وقال : " من هم بسيئة فلم يعملها لم تكتب عليه ، وإن عملها كتبت سيئة واحدة ، ومن هم بحسنة فلم يعملها كتبت له حسنة واحدة ، وإن عملها كتبت له عشر أمثالها ، ولا يهلك على الله إلا هالك " . فأنزل الله : ( أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال مجاهد : (أم تريدون أن تسألوا رسولكم كما سئل موسى من قبل ) أن يريهم الله جهرة ، قال : سألت قريش محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يجعل لهم الصفا ذهبا . قال : " نعم وهو لكم كالمائدة لبني إسرائيل إن كفرتم " ، فأبوا ورجعوا . </b><br /><br /><b> وعن السدي وقتادة نحو هذا ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> والمراد أن الله ذم من سأل الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم عن شيء ، على وجه التعنت والاقتراح ، كما سألت بنو إسرائيل موسى ، عليه السلام ، تعنتا وتكذيبا وعنادا ، قال الله تعالى : ( ومن يتبدل الكفر بالإيمان ) أي : [ ص: 382 ] من يشتر الكفر بالإيمان ( فقد ضل سواء السبيل ) أي : فقد خرج عن الطريق المستقيم إلى الجهل والضلال وهكذا حال الذين عدلوا عن تصديق الأنبياء واتباعهم والانقياد لهم ، إلى مخالفتهم وتكذيبهم والاقتراح عليهم بالأسئلة التي لا يحتاجون إليها ، على وجه التعنت والكفر ، كما قال تعالى : ( ألم تر إلى الذين بدلوا نعمة الله كفرا وأحلوا قومهم دار البوار جهنم يصلونها وبئس القرار ) [ إبراهيم : 28 ، 29 ] . </b><span style="color: red;"><b>وقال أبو العالية : يتبدل الشدة بالرخاء . </b></span><br /><b> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;">73</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /><b> ( ود كثير من أهل الكتاب لو يردونكم من بعد إيمانكم كفارا حسدا من عند أنفسهم من بعد ما تبين لهم الحق فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره إن الله على كل شيء قدير ( 109 ) وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة وما تقدموا لأنفسكم من خير تجدوه عند الله إن الله بما تعملون بصير ( 110 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> يحذر تعالى عباده المؤمنين عن سلوك طرائق الكفار من أهل الكتاب ، ويعلمهم بعداوتهم لهم في الباطن والظاهر وما هم مشتملون عليه من الحسد للمؤمنين ، مع علمهم بفضلهم وفضل نبيهم . ويأمر عباده المؤمنين بالصفح والعفو والاحتمال ، حتى يأتي أمر الله من النصر والفتح . ويأمرهم بإقامة الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة . ويحثهم على ذلك ويرغبهم فيه ، كما قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : كان حيي بن أخطب وأبو ياسر بن أخطب من أشد يهود للعرب حسدا ، إذ خصهم الله برسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وكانا جاهدين في رد الناس عن الإسلام ما استطاعا ، فأنزل الله فيهما : ( ود كثير من أهل الكتاب لو يردونكم ) الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر عن الزهري ، في قوله تعالى : ( ود كثير من أهل الكتاب ) قال : هو كعب بن الأشرف . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا أبو اليمان ، حدثنا شعيب ، عن الزهري ، أخبرني عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن كعب بن مالك ، عن أبيه : أن كعب بن الأشرف اليهودي كان شاعرا ، وكان يهجو النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . وفيه أنزل الله : ( ود كثير من أهل الكتاب لو يردونكم ) إلى قوله :(فاعفوا واصفحوا) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس : أن رسولا أميا يخبرهم بما في أيديهم من الكتب والرسل والآيات ، ثم يصدق بذلك كله مثل تصديقهم ، ولكنهم جحدوا ذلك كفرا وحسدا وبغيا ; ولذلك قال [ ص: 383 ] الله تعالى : ( كفارا حسدا من عند أنفسهم من بعد ما تبين لهم الحق ) يقول : من بعد ما أضاء لهم الحق لم يجهلوا منه شيئا ، ولكن الحسد حملهم على الجحود ، فعيرهم ووبخهم ولامهم أشد الملامة ، وشرع لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم وللمؤمنين ما هم عليه من التصديق والإيمان والإقرار بما أنزل عليهم وما أنزل من قبلهم ، بكرامته وثوابه الجزيل ومعونته لهم </b><br /><br /><b>وقال الربيع بن أنس : ( من عند أنفسهم ) من قبل أنفسهم . وقال أبو العالية : ( من بعد ما تبين لهم الحق ) من بعد ما تبين [ لهم ] أن محمدا رسول الله يجدونه مكتوبا عندهم في التوراة والإنجيل ، فكفروا به حسدا وبغيا ; إذ كان من غيرهم . وكذا قال قتادة والربيع والسدي . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره ) مثل قوله تعالى : ( ولتسمعن من الذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبلكم ومن الذين أشركوا أذى كثيرا وإن تصبروا وتتقوا فإن ذلك من عزم الأمور ) [ آل عمران : 186 ].</b><b>قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره ) نسخ ذلك قوله : ( فاقتلوا المشركين حيث وجدتموهم ) وقوله : ( قاتلوا الذين لا يؤمنون بالله ولا باليوم الآخر ) إلى قوله : ( وهم صاغرون ) [ التوبة : 29 ] فنسخ هذا عفوه عن المشركين . وكذا قال أبو العالية ، والربيع بن أنس ، وقتادة ، والسدي : إنها منسوخة بآية السيف ،ويرشد إلى ذلك أيضا قوله :( حتى يأتي الله بأمره) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا أبو اليمان أخبرنا شعيب ، عن الزهري ، أخبرني عروة بن الزبير : أن أسامة بن زيد أخبره ، قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه يعفون عن المشركين وأهل الكتاب ، كما أمرهم الله ، ويصبرون على الأذى ، قال الله : ( فاعفوا واصفحوا حتى يأتي الله بأمره إن الله على كل شيء قدير ) وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يتأول من العفو ما أمره الله به ، حتى أذن الله فيهم بقتل ، فقتل الله به من قتل من صناديد قريش . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا إسناده صحيح ، ولم أره في شيء من الكتب الستة [ولكن له أصل في الصحيحين عن أسامة بن زيد رضي الله عنهما] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة وما تقدموا لأنفسكم من خير تجدوه عند الله ) يحث تعالى على الاشتغال بما ينفعهم وتعود عليهم عاقبته يوم القيامة ، من إقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة ، [ ص: 384 ] حتى يمكن لهم الله النصر في الحياة الدنيا ويوم يقوم الأشهاد ( يوم لا ينفع الظالمين معذرتهم ولهم اللعنة ولهم سوء الدار ) [غافر : 52] ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( إن الله بما تعملون بصير ) يعني : أنه تعالى لا يغفل عن عمل عامل ، ولا يضيع لديه ، سواء كان خيرا أو شرا ، فإنه سيجازي كل عامل بعمله . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر بن جرير في قوله تعالى : ( إن الله بما تعملون بصير ) وهذا الخبر من الله للذين خاطبهم بهذه الآيات من المؤمنين ، أنهم مهما فعلوا من خير أو شر ، سرا أو علانية ، فهو به بصير لا يخفى عليه منه شيء ، فيجزيهم بالإحسان خيرا ، وبالإساءة مثلها . وهذا الكلام وإن كان خرج مخرج الخبر ، فإن فيه وعدا ووعيدا وأمرا وزجرا . وذلك أنه أعلم القوم أنه بصير بجميع أعمالهم ليجدوا في طاعته إذ كان ذلك مدخرا لهم عنده ، حتى يثيبهم عليه ، كما قال : ( وما تقدموا لأنفسكم من خير تجدوه عند الله ) وليحذروا معصيته . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : وأما قوله : ( بصير ) فإنه مبصر صرف إلى " بصير " كما صرف مبدع إلى " بديع " ، ومؤلم إلى " أليم " ، والله أعلم </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو زرعة ، حدثنا ابن بكير ، حدثني ابن لهيعة ، عن يزيد بن أبي حبيب ، عن أبي الخير ، عن عقبة بن عامر ، قال : رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يفسر في هذه الآية ( سميع بصير ) يقول : بكل شيء بصير . </b><br /><b> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;">74</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #38761d;"><br /><b> ( وقالوا لن يدخل الجنة إلا من كان هودا أو نصارى تلك أمانيهم قل هاتوا برهانكم إن كنتم صادقين ( 111 ) بلى من أسلم وجهه لله وهو محسن فله أجره عند ربه ولا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون ( 112 ) وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شيء وقالت النصارى ليست اليهود على شيء وهم يتلون الكتاب كذلك قال الذين لا يعلمون مثل قولهم فالله يحكم بينهم يوم القيامة فيما كانوا فيه يختلفون ( 113 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> يبين تعالى اغترار اليهود والنصارى بما هم فيه ، حيث ادعت كل طائفة من اليهود والنصارى أنه لن يدخل الجنة إلا من كان على ملتها ، كما أخبر الله عنهم في سورة المائدة أنهم قالوا : ( نحن أبناء الله وأحباؤه ) [ المائدة : 18 ] . فأكذبهم الله تعالى بما أخبرهم أنه معذبهم بذنوبهم ، ولو كانوا كما ادعوا لما كان الأمر كذلك ، وكما تقدم من دعواهم أنه لن تمسهم النار إلا أياما معدودة ، ثم ينتقلون إلى الجنة . ورد عليهم تعالى في ذلك ، وهكذا قال لهم في هذه الدعوى التي ادعوها بلا دليل ولا حجة [ ص: 385 ] ولا بينة ، فقال ( تلك أمانيهم ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية : أماني تمنوها على الله بغير حق . وكذا قال قتادة والربيع بن أنس . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال : ( قل ) أي : يا محمد ، ) هاتوا برهانكم ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية ومجاهد والسدي والربيع بن أنس : حجتكم . وقال قتادة : بينتكم على ذلك . ( إن كنتم صادقين ) كما تدعونه . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال تعالى : ( بلى من أسلم وجهه لله وهو محسن ) أي : من أخلص العمل لله وحده لا شريك له ، كما قال تعالى : ( فإن حاجوك فقل أسلمت وجهي لله ومن اتبعن )الآية[آل عمران:20] . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال أبو العالية والربيع : ( بلى من أسلم وجهه لله ) يقول : من أخلص لله . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال سعيد بن جبير : ( بلى من أسلم ) أخلص ، ( وجهه ) قال : دينه ، ( وهو محسن ) أي : متبع فيه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم . فإن للعمل المتقبل شرطين ، أحدهما : أن يكون خالصا لله وحده والآخر : أن يكون صوابا موافقا للشريعة . فمتى كان خالصا ولم يكن صوابا لم يتقبل ; ولهذا قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من عمل عملا ليس عليه أمرنا فهو رد " . رواه مسلم من حديث عائشة ، عنه ، عليه السلام . </b><br /><br /><b> فعمل الرهبان ومن شابههم وإن فرض أنهم مخلصون فيه لله فإنه لا يتقبل منهم ، حتى يكون ذلك متابعا للرسول [ محمد ] صلى الله عليه وسلم المبعوث إليهم وإلى الناس كافة ، وفيهم وأمثالهم ، قال الله تعالى : ( وقدمنا إلى ما عملوا من عمل فجعلناه هباء منثورا ) [ الفرقان : 23 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( والذين كفروا أعمالهم كسراب بقيعة يحسبه الظمآن ماء حتى إذا جاءه لم يجده شيئا ) [ النور : 39 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وروي عن أمير المؤمنين عمر أنه تأولها في الرهبان كما سيأتي </b><br /><b> وأما إن كان العمل موافقا للشريعة في الصورة الظاهرة ، ولكن لم يخلص عامله القصد لله فهو أيضا مردود على فاعله وهذا حال المنافقين والمرائين ، كما قال تعالى : ( إن المنافقين يخادعون الله وهو خادعهم وإذا قاموا إلى الصلاة قاموا كسالى يراءون الناس ولا يذكرون الله إلا قليلا ) [ النساء : 142 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( فويل للمصلين الذين هم عن صلاتهم ساهون الذين هم يراءون ويمنعون الماعون ) [ الماعون : 4 ، 7 ] ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فمن كان يرجو لقاء ربه فليعمل عملا صالحا ولا يشرك بعبادة ربه أحدا ) [ الكهف : 110 ] . وقال في هذه الآية الكريمة : ( بلى من أسلم وجهه لله وهو محسن ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( فله أجره عند ربه ولا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون ) ضمن لهم تعالى على ذلك تحصيل الأجور ، وآمنهم مما يخافونه من المحذور ف ( لا خوف عليهم ) فيما يستقبلونه ، ( ولا هم يحزنون ) على ما مضى مما يتركونه ، كما قال سعيد بن جبير : ف ( لا خوف عليهم ) يعني : في الآخرة ( ولا هم يحزنون ) [ ص: 386 ] [ يعني : لا يحزنون ] للموت . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شيء وقالت النصارى ليست اليهود على شيء وهم يتلون الكتاب ) يبين به تعالى تناقضهم وتباغضهم وتعاديهم وتعاندهم . كما قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : لما قدم أهل نجران من النصارى على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، أتتهم أحبار يهود ، فتنازعوا عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال رافع بن حريملة ما أنتم على شيء ، وكفر بعيسى وبالإنجيل . وقال رجل من أهل نجران من النصارى لليهود : ما أنتم على شيء . وجحد نبوة موسى وكفر بالتوراة . فأنزل الله في ذلك من قولهما ( وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شيء وقالت النصارى ليست اليهود على شيء وهم يتلون الكتاب ) قال : إن كلا يتلو في كتابه تصديق من كفر به ، أي : يكفر اليهود بعيسى وعندهم التوراة ، فيها ما أخذ الله عليهم على لسان موسى بالتصديق بعيسى ، وفي الإنجيل ما جاء به عيسى بتصديق موسى ، وما جاء من التوراة من عند الله ، وكل يكفر بما في يد صاحبه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال مجاهد في تفسير هذه الآية : قد كانت أوائل اليهود والنصارى على شيء . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال قتادة : ( وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شيء ) قال : بلى ، قد كانت أوائل النصارى على شيء ، ولكنهم ابتدعوا وتفرقوا . ( وقالت النصارى ليست اليهود على شيء ) قال : بلى قد كانت أوائل اليهود على شيء ، ولكنهم ابتدعوا وتفرقوا . </b><br /><br /><b> وعنه رواية أخرى كقول أبي العالية ، والربيع بن أنس في تفسير هذه الآية : ( وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شيء وقالت النصارى ليست اليهود على شيء ) هؤلاء أهل الكتاب الذين كانوا على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا القول يقتضي أن كلا من الطائفتين صدقت فيما رمت به الطائفة الأخرى . ولكن ظاهر سياق الآية يقتضي ذمهم فيما قالوه ، مع علمهم بخلاف ذلك ; ولهذا قال تعالى : ( وهم يتلون الكتاب ) أي : وهم يعلمون شريعة التوراة والإنجيل ، كل منهما قد كانت مشروعة في وقت ، ولكن تجاحدوا فيما بينهم عنادا وكفرا ومقابلة للفاسد بالفاسد ، كما تقدم عن ابن عباس ، ومجاهد ، وقتادة في الرواية الأولى عنه في تفسيرها ، والله أعلم </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( كذلك قال الذين لا يعلمون مثل قولهم ) يبين بهذا جهل اليهود والنصارى فيما تقابلوا من القول ، وهذا من باب الإيماء والإشارة . وقد اختلف فيما عنى بقوله تعالى : ( الذين لا يعلمون )</b><b>[ ص: 387 ] </b><br /><br /><b>فقال الربيع بن أنس وقتادة : ( كذلك قال الذين لا يعلمون ) قالا وقالت النصارى مثل قول اليهود وقيلهم . وقال ابن جريج : قلت لعطاء : من هؤلاء الذين لا يعلمون ؟ قال : أمم كانت قبل اليهود والنصارى وقبل التوراة والإنجيل . وقال السدي : ( كذلك قال الذين لا يعلمون ) فهم : العرب ، قالوا : ليس محمد على شيء . </b><br /><br /><b> واختار أبو جعفر بن جرير أنها عامة تصلح للجميع ، وليس ثم دليل قاطع يعين واحدا من هذه الأقوال ، فالحمل على الجميع أولى ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( فالله يحكم بينهم يوم القيامة فيما كانوا فيه يختلفون ) أي : أنه تعالى يجمع بينهم يوم المعاد ، ويفصل بينهم بقضائه العدل الذي لا يجور فيه ولا يظلم مثقال ذرة . وهذا كقوله تعالى في سورة الحج : ( إن الذين آمنوا والذين هادوا والصابئين والنصارى والمجوس والذين أشركوا إن الله يفصل بينهم يوم القيامة إن الله على كل شيء شهيد ) [ الحج : 17 ] ، وكما قال تعالى : ( قل يجمع بيننا ربنا ثم يفتح بيننا بالحق وهو الفتاح العليم ) [ سبأ : 26 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">75</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><br /><b> ( ومن أظلم ممن منع مساجد الله أن يذكر فيها اسمه وسعى في خرابها أولئك ما كان لهم أن يدخلوها إلا خائفين لهم في الدنيا خزي ولهم في الآخرة عذاب عظيم ( 114 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> اختلف المفسرون في المراد من الذين منعوا مساجد الله وسعوا في خرابها على قولين : </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: red;">أحدهما :</span> ما رواه العوفي في تفسيره ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( ومن أظلم ممن منع مساجد الله أن يذكر فيها اسمه ) قال : هم النصارى . وقال مجاهد : هم النصارى ، كانوا يطرحون في بيت المقدس الأذى ، ويمنعون الناس أن يصلوا فيه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا معمر ، عن قتادة في قوله : ( وسعى في خرابها ) هو بختنصر وأصحابه ، خرب بيت المقدس ، وأعانه على ذلك النصارى . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سعيد ، عن قتادة : قال : أولئك أعداء الله النصارى ، حملهم بغض اليهود على أن أعانوا بختنصر البابلي المجوسي على تخريب بيت المقدس . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال السدي : كانوا ظاهروا بختنصر على خراب بيت المقدس حتى خربه ، وأمر به أن تطرح فيه الجيف ، وإنما أعانه الروم على خرابه من أجل أن بني إسرائيل قتلوا يحيى بن زكريا . وروي نحوه عن الحسن البصري . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: red;">القول الثاني : </span>ما رواه ابن جرير : حدثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، حدثنا ابن وهب قال : قال ابن [ ص: 388 ] زيد في قوله : ( ومن أظلم ممن منع مساجد الله أن يذكر فيها اسمه وسعى في خرابها ) قال : هؤلاء المشركون الذين حالوا بين رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم الحديبية ، وبين أن يدخلوا مكة حتى نحر هديه بذي طوى وهادنهم ، وقال لهم : ما كان أحد يصد عن هذا البيت ، وقد كان الرجل يلقى قاتل أبيه وأخيه فلا يصده . فقالوا : لا يدخل علينا من قتل آباءنا يوم بدر وفينا باق . </b><br /><br /><b> وفي قوله : ( وسعى في خرابها ) قال : إذ قطعوا من يعمرها بذكره ويأتيها للحج والعمرة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : ذكر عن سلمة قال : قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : أن قريشا منعوا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الصلاة عند الكعبة في المسجد الحرام ، فأنزل الله : ( ومن أظلم ممن منع مساجد الله أن يذكر فيها اسمه ) </b><br /><br /><b> ثم اختار ابن جرير القول الأول ، واحتج بأن قريشا لم تسع في خراب الكعبة . وأما الروم فسعوا في تخريب بيت المقدس . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : الذي يظهر والله أعلم القول الثاني ، كما قاله ابن زيد ، وروي عن ابن عباس ; لأن النصارى إذا منعت اليهود الصلاة في البيت المقدس ، كأن دينهم أقوم من دين اليهود ، وكانوا أقرب منهم ، ولم يكن ذكر الله من اليهود مقبولا إذ ذاك ; لأنهم لعنوا من قبل على لسان داود وعيسى ابن مريم ، ذلك بما عصوا وكانوا يعتدون . وأيضا فإنه تعالى لما وجه الذم في حق اليهود والنصارى ، شرع في ذم المشركين الذين أخرجوا الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه من مكة ، ومنعوهم من الصلاة في المسجد الحرام ، وأما اعتماده على أن قريشا لم تسع في خراب الكعبة ، فأي خراب أعظم مما فعلوا ؟ أخرجوا عنها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ، واستحوذوا عليها بأصنامهم وأندادهم وشركهم ، كما قال تعالى : ( وما لهم ألا يعذبهم الله وهم يصدون عن المسجد الحرام وما كانوا أولياءه إن أولياؤه إلا المتقون ولكن أكثرهم لا يعلمون ) [ الأنفال : 34 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( ما كان للمشركين أن يعمروا مساجد الله شاهدين على أنفسهم بالكفر أولئك حبطت أعمالهم وفي النار هم خالدون إنما يعمر مساجد الله من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر وأقام الصلاة وآتى الزكاة ولم يخش إلا الله فعسى أولئك أن يكونوا من المهتدين ) [ التوبة : 17 ، 18 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( هم الذين كفروا وصدوكم عن المسجد الحرام والهدي معكوفا أن يبلغ محله ولولا رجال مؤمنون ونساء مؤمنات لم تعلموهم أن تطئوهم فتصيبكم منهم معرة بغير علم ليدخل الله في رحمته من يشاء لو تزيلوا لعذبنا الذين كفروا منهم عذابا أليما ) [ الفتح : 25 ] ، فقال تعالى : ( إنما يعمر مساجد الله من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر وأقام الصلاة وآتى الزكاة ولم يخش إلا الله ) [ التوبة : 18 ] ، فإذا كان من هو كذلك مطرودا منها مصدودا عنها ، فأي خراب لها أعظم من ذلك ؟ وليس المراد من عمارتها زخرفتها وإقامة صورتها فقط ، إنما عمارتها بذكر الله فيها وإقامة شرعه فيها ، ورفعها عن الدنس والشرك .</b><b>[ ص: 389 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( أولئك ما كان لهم أن يدخلوها إلا خائفين ) هذا خبر معناه الطلب ، أي لا تمكنوا هؤلاء إذا قدرتم عليهم من دخولها إلا تحت الهدنة والجزية . ولهذا لما فتح رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مكة أمر من العام القابل في سنة تسع أن ينادى برحاب منى : " ألا لا يحجن بعد العام مشرك ، ولا يطوفن بالبيت عريان ، ومن كان له أجل فأجله إلى مدته " . وهذا كان تصديقا وعملا بقوله تعالى : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا إنما المشركون نجس فلا يقربوا المسجد الحرام بعد عامهم هذا ) الآية [ التوبة : 28 ] ، وقال بعضهم : ما كان ينبغي لهم أن يدخلوا مساجد الله إلا خائفين على حال التهيب ، وارتعاد الفرائص من المؤمنين أن يبطشوا بهم ، فضلا أن يستولوا عليها ويمنعوا المؤمنين منها . والمعنى : ما كان الحق والواجب إلا ذلك ، لولا ظلم الكفرة وغيرهم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقيل : إن هذا بشارة من الله للمسلمين أنه سيظهرهم على المسجد الحرام وعلى سائر المساجد ، وأنه يذل المشركين لهم حتى لا يدخل المسجد الحرام أحد منهم إلا خائفا ، يخاف أن يؤخذ فيعاقب أو يقتل إن لم يسلم . وقد أنجز الله هذا الوعد كما تقدم من منع المشركين من دخول المسجد الحرام ، وأوصى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن لا يبقى بجزيرة العرب دينان ، وأن تجلى اليهود والنصارى منها ، ولله الحمد والمنة . وما ذاك إلا تشريف أكناف المسجد الحرام وتطهير البقعة [ المباركة ] التي بعث [ الله ] فيها رسوله إلى الناس كافة بشيرا ونذيرا صلوات الله وسلامه عليه . وهذا هو الخزي لهم في الدنيا ; لأن الجزاء من جنس العمل . فكما صدوا المؤمنين عن المسجد الحرام ، صدوا عنه ، وكما أجلوهم من مكة أجلوا منها ( ولهم في الآخرة عذاب عظيم ) على ما انتهكوا من حرمة البيت ، وامتهنوه من نصب الأصنام حوله ، والدعاء إلى غير الله عنده والطواف به عريا ، وغير ذلك من أفاعيلهم التي يكرهها الله ورسوله . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما من فسر بيت المقدس ، فقال كعب الأحبار : إن النصارى لما ظهروا على بيت المقدس خربوه فلما بعث الله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم أنزل عليه : ( ومن أظلم ممن منع مساجد الله أن يذكر فيها اسمه وسعى في خرابها أولئك ما كان لهم أن يدخلوها إلا خائفين ) الآية ، فليس في الأرض نصراني يدخل بيت المقدس إلا خائفا .</b><b>وقال السدي : فليس في الأرض رومي يدخله اليوم إلا وهو خائف أن يضرب عنقه ، أو قد أخيف بأداء الجزية فهو يؤديها .</b><b>[ ص: 390 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقال قتادة : لا يدخلون المساجد إلا مسارقة . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : وهذا لا ينفي أن يكون داخلا في معنى عموم الآية فإن النصارى لما ظلموا بيت المقدس ، بامتهان الصخرة التي كانت يصلي إليها اليهود ، عوقبوا شرعا وقدرا بالذلة فيه ، إلا في أحيان من الدهر امتحن بهم بيت المقدس وكذلك اليهود لما عصوا الله فيه أيضا أعظم من عصيان النصارى كانت عقوبتهم أعظم والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وفسر هؤلاء الخزي من الدنيا ، بخروج المهدي عند السدي ، وعكرمة ، ووائل بن داود . وفسره قتادة بأداء الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون . </b><br /><br /><b> والصحيح أن الخزي في الدنيا أعم من ذلك كله ، وقد ورد الحديث بالاستعاذة من خزي الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة كما قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا الهيثم بن خارجة ، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب بن ميسرة بن حلبس سمعت أبي يحدث ، عن بسر بن أرطاة ، قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدعو : " اللهم أحسن عاقبتنا في الأمور كلها ، وأجرنا من خزي الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة " . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا حديث حسن ، وليس في شيء من الكتب الستة ، وليس لصحابيه وهو بسر بن أرطاة ويقال : ابن أبي أرطاة حديث سواه ، وسوى [ حديث ] " لا تقطع الأيدي في الغزو " . </b><br /><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #b45f06;"><b>76</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #b45f06;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #b45f06;">( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله إن الله واسع عليم ( 115 ) </span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا والله أعلم فيه تسلية للرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه الذين أخرجوا من مكة وفارقوا مسجدهم ومصلاهم ، وقد كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلي بمكة إلى بيت المقدس والكعبة بين يديه . فلما قدم المدينة وجه إلى بيت المقدس ستة عشر شهرا ، أو سبعة عشر شهرا ، ثم صرفه الله إلى الكعبة بعد ، ولهذا يقول تعالى : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) </b><br /><br /><b> قال أبو عبيد القاسم بن سلام ، في كتاب الناسخ والمنسوخ : أخبرنا حجاج بن محمد ، أخبرنا ابن جريج وعثمان بن عطاء ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : أول ما نسخ من القرآن فيما ذكر لنا والله أعلم شأن القبلة : قال تعالى : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) فاستقبل [ ص: 391 ] رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فصلى نحو بيت المقدس ، وترك البيت العتيق ، ثم صرفه إلى بيته العتيق ونسخها ، فقال : ( ومن حيث خرجت فول وجهك شطر المسجد الحرام وحيثما كنتم فولوا وجوهكم شطره ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس قال : كان أول ما نسخ من القرآن القبلة . وذلك أن رسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لما هاجر إلى المدينة وكان أهلها اليهود أمره الله أن يستقبل بيت المقدس . ففرحت اليهود فاستقبلها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بضعة عشر شهرا ، وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يحب قبلة إبراهيم ، فكان يدعو وينظر إلى السماء ، فأنزل الله : ( قد نرى تقلب وجهك في السماء [ فلنولينك قبلة ترضاها ] ) إلى قوله : ( فولوا وجوهكم شطره ) فارتاب من ذلك اليهود ، وقالوا : ما ولاهم عن قبلتهم التي كانوا عليها ، فأنزل الله : ( قل لله المشرق والمغرب [ يهدي من يشاء إلى صراط مستقيم ] ) وقال : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عكرمة عن ابن عباس : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) قال : قبلة الله أينما توجهت شرقا أو غربا . وقال مجاهد : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) [ قال:قبلة الله] حيثما كنتم فلكم قبلة تستقبلونها : الكعبة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم بعد روايته الأثر المتقدم ، عن ابن عباس ، في نسخ القبلة ، عن عطاء ، عنه : وروي عن أبي العالية ، والحسن ، وعطاء الخراساني ، وعكرمة ، وقتادة ، والسدي ، وزيد بن أسلم ، نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : وقال آخرون : بل أنزل الله هذه الآية قبل أن يفرض التوجه إلى الكعبة ، وإنما أنزلها تعالى ليعلم نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه أن لهم التوجه بوجوههم للصلاة ، حيث شاءوا من نواحي المشرق والمغرب ; لأنهم لا يوجهون وجوههم وجها من ذلك وناحية إلا كان جل ثناؤه في ذلك الوجه وتلك الناحية ; لأن له تعالى المشارق والمغارب ، وأنه لا يخلو منه مكان ، كما قال تعالى : ( ولا أدنى من ذلك ولا أكثر إلا هو معهم أين ما كانوا ) [ المجادلة : 7 ] قالوا : ثم نسخ ذلك بالفرض الذي فرض عليهم التوجه إلى المسجد الحرام . </b><br /><br /><b> هكذا قال ، وفي قوله : " وإنه تعالى لا يخلو منه مكان " : إن أراد علمه تعالى فصحيح ; فإن علمه تعالى محيط بجميع المعلومات ، وأما ذاته تعالى فلا تكون محصورة في شيء من خلقه ، تعالى الله [ ص: 392 ] عن ذلك علوا كبيرا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : وقال آخرون : بل نزلت هذه الآية على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذنا من الله أن يصلي التطوع حيث توجه من شرق أو غرب ، في مسيره في سفره ، وفي حال المسايفة وشدة الخوف . </b><br /><br /><b> حدثنا أبو كريب ، حدثنا ابن إدريس ، حدثنا عبد الملك هو ابن أبي سليمان عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عمر : أنه كان يصلي حيث توجهت به راحلته . ويذكر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يفعل ذلك ، ويتأول هذه الآية : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه مسلم والترمذي والنسائي وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه ، من طرق ، عن عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان ، به . وأصله في الصحيحين من حديث ابن عمر وعامر بن ربيعة ، من غير ذكر الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> وفي صحيح البخاري من حديث نافع ، عن ابن عمر : أنه كان إذا سئل عن صلاة الخوف وصفها . ثم قال : فإن كان خوف أشد من ذلك صلوا رجالا قياما على أقدامهم ، وركبانا مستقبلي القبلة وغير مستقبليها . </b><br /><br /><b> قال نافع : ولا أرى ابن عمر ذكر ذلك إلا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> مسألة : ولم يفرق الشافعي في المشهور عنه ، بين سفر المسافة وسفر العدوى ، فالجميع عنه يجوز التطوع فيه على الراحلة ، وهو قول أبي حنيفة خلافا لمالك وجماعته ، واختار أبو يوسف وأبو سعيد الإصطخري ، التطوع على الدابة في المصر ، وحكاه أبو يوسف عن أنس بن مالك ، رضي الله عنه ، واختاره أبو جعفر الطبري ، حتى للماشي أيضا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : وقال آخرون : بل نزلت هذه الآية في قوم عميت عليهم القبلة ، فلم يعرفوا شطرها ، فصلوا على أنحاء مختلفة ، فقال الله لي المشارق والمغارب فأين وليتم وجوهكم فهنالك وجهي ، وهو قبلتكم ، فيعلمكم بذلك أن صلاتكم ماضية . </b><br /><br /><b> حدثنا أحمد بن إسحاق الأهوازي ، حدثنا أبو أحمد الزبيري ، حدثنا أبو الربيع السمان ، عن عاصم بن عبيد الله ، عن عبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة ، عن أبيه ، قال : كنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في ليلة سوداء مظلمة ، فنزلنا منزلا فجعل الرجل يأخذ الأحجار فيعمل مسجدا يصلي فيه . فلما [ أن ] أصبحنا إذا نحن قد صلينا على غير القبلة . فقلنا : يا رسول الله ، لقد صلينا ليلتنا هذه لغير القبلة ؟ فأنزل الله تعالى : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله إن الله واسع عليم ) الآية .</b><b>[ ص: 393 ] </b><br /><br /><b> ثم رواه عن سفيان بن وكيع ، عن أبيه ، عن أبي الربيع السمان ، بنحوه . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الترمذي ، عن محمود بن غيلان ، عن وكيع . وابن ماجه ، عن يحيى بن حكيم ، عن أبي داود ، عن أبي الربيع السمان . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن أبي حاتم ، عن الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح ، عن سعيد بن سليمان ، عن أبي الربيع السمان واسمه أشعث بن سعيد البصري وهو ضعيف الحديث . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الترمذي : هذا حديث حسن . ليس إسناده بذاك ، ولا نعرفه إلا من حديث أشعث السمان ، وأشعث يضعف في الحديث . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : وشيخه عاصم أيضا ضعيف . </b><br /><br /><b> قال البخاري : منكر الحديث . وقال ابن معين : ضعيف لا يحتج به . وقال ابن حبان : متروك ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد روي من طرق أخرى ، عن جابر . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسير هذه الآية : حدثنا إسماعيل بن علي بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا الحسن بن علي بن شبيب ، حدثني أحمد بن عبيد الله بن الحسن ، قال : وجدت في كتاب أبي : حدثنا عبد الملك العرزمي ، عن عطاء ، عن جابر ، قال : بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سرية كنت فيها ، فأصابتنا ظلمة فلم نعرف القبلة ، فقالت طائفة منا : قد عرفنا القبلة ، هي هاهنا قبل السماك . فصلوا وخطوا خطوطا ، فلما أصبحوا وطلعت الشمس أصبحت تلك الخطوط لغير القبلة . فلما قفلنا من سفرنا سألنا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فسكت ، وأنزل الله تعالى : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) </b><br /><br /><b> ثم رواه من حديث محمد بن عبيد الله العرزمي ، عن عطاء ، عن جابر ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الدارقطني : قرئ على عبد الله بن عبد العزيز وأنا أسمع حدثكم داود بن عمرو ، حدثنا محمد بن يزيد الواسطي ، عن محمد بن سالم ، عن عطاء ، عن جابر ، قال : كنا مع رسول الله [ ص:394] صلى الله عليه وسلم في مسير فأصابنا غيم ، فتحيرنا فاختلفنا في القبلة ، فصلى كل منا على حدة ، وجعل أحدنا يخط بين يديه لنعلم أمكنتنا ، فذكرنا ذلك للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فلم يأمرنا بالإعادة ، وقال : " قد أجزأت صلاتكم " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال الدارقطني : كذا قال : عن محمد بن سالم ، وقال غيره : عن محمد بن عبد الله العرزمي ، عن عطاء ، وهما ضعيفان . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم رواه ابن مردويه أيضا من حديث الكلبي ، عن أبي صالح ، عن ابن عباس : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعث سرية فأخذتهم ضبابة ، فلم يهتدوا إلى القبلة ، فصلوا لغير القبلة . ثم استبان لهم بعد طلوع الشمس أنهم صلوا لغير القبلة . فلما جاءوا إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حدثوه ، فأنزل الله عز وجل ، هذه الآية : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) </b><br /><br /><b> وهذه الأسانيد فيها ضعف ، ولعله يشد بعضها بعضا . وأما إعادة الصلاة لمن تبين له خطؤه ففيها قولان للعلماء ، وهذه دلائل على عدم القضاء ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : وقال آخرون : بل نزلت هذه الآية في سبب النجاشي ، كما حدثنا محمد بن بشار ، حدثنا هشام بن معاذ حدثني أبي ، عن قتادة : أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " إن أخا لكم قد مات فصلوا عليه " . قالوا : نصلي على رجل ليس بمسلم ؟ قال : فنزلت : ( وإن من أهل الكتاب لمن يؤمن بالله وما أنزل إليكم وما أنزل إليهم خاشعين لله ) [ آل عمران : 199 ] قال قتادة : فقالوا : فإنه كان لا يصلي إلى القبلة . فأنزل الله : ( ولله المشرق والمغرب فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا غريب والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد قيل : إنه كان يصلي إلى بيت المقدس قبل أن يبلغه الناسخ إلى الكعبة ، كما حكاه القرطبي عن قتادة ، وذكر القرطبي أنه لما مات صلى عليه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأخذ بذلك من ذهب إلى الصلاة على الغائب ، قال : وهذا خاص عند أصحابنا من ثلاثة أوجه : أحدها : أنه عليه السلام ، شاهده حين صلى عليه طويت له الأرض . الثاني : أنه لما لم يكن عنده من يصلي عليه صلى عليه ، واختاره ابن العربي ، قال القرطبي : ويبعد أن يكون ملك مسلم ليس عنده أحد من قومه على دينه ، وقد أجاب ابن العربي عن هذا لعلهم لم يكن عندهم شرعية الصلاة على الميت . وهذا جواب جيد . الثالث : أنه عليه الصلاة والسلام إنما صلى عليه ليكون ذلك كالتأليف لبقية الملوك،والله أعلم.</b><b>[ص: 395 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقد أورد الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسير هذه الآية من حديث أبي معشر ، عن محمد بن عمرو بن علقمة ، عن أبي سلمة ، عن أبي هريرة ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة لأهل المدينة وأهل الشام وأهل العراق " . </b><br /><br /><b> وله مناسبة هاهنا ، وقد أخرجه الترمذي وابن ماجه من حديث أبي معشر ، واسمه نجيح بن عبد الرحمن السندي المدني ، به " ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الترمذي : وقد روي من غير وجه عن أبي هريرة . وتكلم بعض أهل العلم في أبي معشر من قبل حفظه ، ثم قال الترمذي : حدثني الحسن بن [ أبي ] بكر المروزي ، حدثنا المعلى بن منصور ، حدثنا عبد الله بن جعفر المخزومي ، عن عثمان بن محمد الأخنسي ، عن سعيد المقبري ، عن أبي هريرة ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال الترمذي : هذا حديث حسن صحيح . </b><br /><br /><b> وحكى عن البخاري أنه قال : هذا أقوى من حديث أبي معشر وأصح . قال الترمذي : وقد روي عن غير واحد من الصحابة : ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة منهم عمر بن الخطاب ، وعلي ، وابن عباس . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال ابن عمر : إذا جعلت المغرب عن يمينك والمشرق عن يسارك ، فما بينهما قبلة ، إذا استقبلت القبلة . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال ابن مردويه : حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن عبد الرحمن ، حدثنا يعقوب بن يونس مولى بني هاشم ، حدثنا شعيب بن أيوب ، حدثنا ابن نمير ، عن عبيد الله بن عمر ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " ما بين المشرق والمغرب قبلة " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد رواه الدارقطني والبيهقي وقال المشهور : عن ابن عمر ، عن عمر ، قوله . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : ويحتمل : فأينما تولوا وجوهكم في دعائكم لي فهنالك وجهي أستجيب لكم دعاءكم ، كما حدثنا القاسم ، حدثنا الحسين ، حدثني حجاج ، قال : قال ابن جريج : قال مجاهد : لما نزلت : ( ادعوني أستجب لكم ) [ غافر : 60 ] قالوا : إلى أين ؟ فنزلت : ( فأينما تولوا فثم وجه الله )</b><b>[ ص: 396 ] </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : ويعني قوله : ( إن الله واسع عليم ) يسع خلقه كلهم بالكفاية ، والإفضال والجود . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما قوله : ( عليم ) فإنه يعني : عليم بأعمالهم ، ما يغيب عنه منها شيء ، ولا يعزب عن علمه ، بل هو بجميعها عليم . </b><br /><b> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;">77</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;">( وقالوا اتخذ الله ولدا سبحانه بل له ما في السماوات والأرض كل له قانتون ( 116 ) بديع السماوات والأرض وإذا قضى أمرا فإنما يقول له كن فيكون ( 117 ) </span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> اشتملت هذه الآية الكريمة ، والتي تليها على الرد على النصارى عليهم لعائن الله وكذا من أشبههم من اليهود ومن مشركي العرب ، ممن جعل الملائكة بنات الله ، فأكذب الله جميعهم في دعواهم وقولهم : إن لله ولدا . فقال تعالى : ( سبحانه ) أي : تعالى وتقدس وتنزه عن ذلك علوا كبيرا ( بل له ما في السماوات والأرض ) أي : ليس الأمر كما افتروا ، وإنما له ملك السماوات والأرض ، وهو المتصرف فيهم ، وهو خالقهم ورازقهم ، ومقدرهم ومسخرهم ، ومسيرهم ومصرفهم ، كما يشاء ، والجميع عبيد له وملك له ، فكيف يكون له ولد منهم ، والولد إنما يكون متولدا من شيئين متناسبين ، وهو تبارك وتعالى ليس له نظير ، ولا مشارك في عظمته وكبريائه ولا صاحبة له ، فكيف يكون له ولد ! كما قال تعالى : ( بديع السماوات والأرض أنى يكون له ولد ولم تكن له صاحبة وخلق كل شيء وهو بكل شيء عليم ) [ الأنعام : 101 ] وقال تعالى : ( وقالوا اتخذ الرحمن ولدا لقد جئتم شيئا إدا تكاد السماوات يتفطرن منه وتنشق الأرض وتخر الجبال هدا أن دعوا للرحمن ولدا وما ينبغي للرحمن أن يتخذ ولدا إن كل من في السماوات والأرض إلا آتي الرحمن عبدا لقد أحصاهم وعدهم عدا وكلهم آتيه يوم القيامة فردا ) [ مريم : 88 - 95 ] وقال تعالى : ( قل هو الله أحد الله الصمد لم يلد ولم يولد ولم يكن له كفوا أحد ) [ سورة الإخلاص ] </b><br /><b> فقرر تعالى في هذه الآيات الكريمة أنه السيد العظيم ، الذي لا نظير له ولا شبيه له ، وأن جميع الأشياء غيره مخلوقة له مربوبة ، فكيف يكون له منها ولد ! ولهذا قال البخاري في تفسير هذه الآية من البقرة : أخبرنا أبو اليمان ، أخبرنا شعيب ، عن عبد الله بن أبي حسين ، حدثنا نافع بن جبير هو ابن مطعم عن ابن عباس ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " قال الله تعالى : كذبني ابن آدم ولم يكن له ذلك ، وشتمني ولم يكن له ذلك ، فأما تكذيبه إياي فيزعم أني لا أقدر أن أعيده كما كان ، وأما شتمه إياي فقوله : لي ولد . فسبحاني أن أتخذ صاحبة أو ولدا <span style="color: red;">" </span></b><span style="color: red;"><b>[ ص: 397 ]</b></span><span style="color: red;"><b>انفرد به البخاري من هذا الوجه . </b></span><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن مردويه : حدثنا أحمد بن كامل ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل الترمذي ، حدثنا إسحاق بن محمد الفروي ، حدثنا مالك ، عن أبي الزناد ، عن الأعرج ، عن أبي هريرة ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يقول الله عز وجل : كذبني ابن آدم ولم ينبغ له أن يكذبني ، وشتمني ولم ينبغ له أن يشتمني ، أما تكذيبه إياي فقوله : لن يعيدني كما بدأني . وليس أول الخلق بأهون علي من إعادته . وأما شتمه إياي فقوله : اتخذ الله ولدا . وأنا الله الأحد الصمد ، لم يلد ولم يولد ، ولم يكن له كفوا أحد " . </b><br /><br /><b> وفي الصحيحين عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " لا أحد أصبر على أذى سمعه من الله ; إنهم يجعلون له ولدا ، وهو يرزقهم ويعافيهم " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( كل له قانتون ) قال ابن أبي حاتم : أخبرنا أبو سعيد الأشج ، حدثنا أسباط ، عن مطرف ، عن عطية ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : ( قانتين ) مصلين . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال عكرمة وأبو مالك : ( كل له قانتون ) مقرون له بالعبودية . وقال سعيد بن جبير : ( كل له قانتون ) يقول : الإخلاص . وقال الربيع بن أنس : يقول كل له قائم يوم القيامة . وقال السدي : ( كل له قانتون ) يقول : له مطيعون يوم القيامة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال خصيف ، عن مجاهد : ( كل له قانتون ) قال : مطيعون ، كن إنسانا فكان ، وقال : كن حمارا فكان . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد : ( كل له قانتون ) مطيعون ، يقول : طاعة الكافر في سجود ظله وهو كاره . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا القول عن مجاهد وهو اختيار ابن جرير يجمع الأقوال كلها ، وهو أن القنوت : هو الطاعة والاستكانة إلى الله ، وذلك شرعي وقدري ، كما قال تعالى : ( ولله يسجد من في السماوات والأرض طوعا وكرها وظلالهم بالغدو والآصال ) [ الرعد : 15 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد ورد حديث فيه بيان القنوت في القرآن ما هو المراد به ، كما قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، حدثنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني عمرو بن الحارث : أن دراجا أبا السمح حدثه ، عن أبي الهيثم ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " كل حرف من القرآن يذكر فيه القنوت فهو [ ص: 398 ] الطاعة " . </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا رواه الإمام أحمد ، عن حسن بن موسى ، عن ابن لهيعة ، عن دراج بإسناده ، مثله . </b><br /><br /><b> ولكن هذا الإسناد ضعيف لا يعتمد عليه . ورفع هذا الحديث منكر ، وقد يكون من كلام الصحابي أو من دونه ، والله أعلم . وكثيرا ما يأتي بهذا الإسناد تفاسير فيها نكارة ، فلا يغتر بها ، فإن السند ضعيف ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( بديع السماوات والأرض ) أي : خالقهما على غير مثال سبق ، قال مجاهد والسدي : وهو مقتضى اللغة ، ومنه يقال للشيء المحدث : بدعة . كما جاء في الصحيح لمسلم : " فإن كل محدثة بدعة [ وكل بدعة ضلالة ] " . والبدعة على قسمين : تارة تكون بدعة شرعية ، كقوله : فإن كل محدثة بدعة ، وكل بدعة ضلالة . وتارة تكون بدعة لغوية ، كقول أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه عن جمعه إياهم على صلاة التراويح واستمرارهم : نعمت البدعة هذه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : وبديع السماوات والأرض : مبدعهما . وإنما هو مفعل فصرف إلى فعيل ، كما صرف المؤلم إلى الأليم ، والمسمع إلى السميع . ومعنى المبدع : المنشئ والمحدث ما لم يسبقه إلى إنشاء مثله وإحداثه أحد . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : ولذلك سمي المبتدع في الدين مبتدعا ; لإحداثه فيه ما لم يسبق إليه غيره ، وكذلك كل محدث فعلا أو قولا لم يتقدمه فيه متقدم ، فإن العرب تسميه مبتدعا . ومن ذلك قول أعشى ثعلبة ، في مدح هوذة بن علي الحنفي : </b><br /><br /><b>يدعى إلى قول سادات الرجال إذا أبدوا له الحزم أو ما شاءه ابتدعا </b><b>أي : يحدث ما شاء . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : فمعنى الكلام : فسبحان الله أنى يكون لله ولد ، وهو مالك ما في السماوات والأرض ، تشهد له جميعها بدلالتها عليه بالوحدانية ، وتقر له بالطاعة ، وهو بارئها وخالقها وموجدها من غير أصل ولا مثال احتذاها عليه . وهذا إعلام من الله عباده أن ممن يشهد له بذلك المسيح ، الذي أضافوا إلى الله بنوته ، وإخبار منه لهم أن الذي ابتدع السماوات والأرض من غير أصل وعلى غير مثال ، هو الذي ابتدع المسيح عيسى من غير والد بقدرته .</b><b>[ ص: 399 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا من ابن جرير ، رحمه الله ، كلام جيد وعبارة صحيحة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وإذا قضى أمرا فإنما يقول له كن فيكون ) يبين بذلك تعالى كمال قدرته وعظيم سلطانه ، وأنه إذا قدر أمرا وأراد كونه ، فإنما يقول له : كن . أي : مرة واحدة ، فيكون ، أي : فيوجد على وفق ما أراد ، كما قال تعالى : ( إنما أمره إذا أراد شيئا أن يقول له كن فيكون ) [ يس : 82 ] وقال تعالى : ( إنما قولنا لشيء إذا أردناه أن نقول له كن فيكون ) [ النحل : 40 ] وقال تعالى : ( وما أمرنا إلا واحدة كلمح بالبصر )[القمر:50] ، وقال الشاعر : </b><span style="color: red;"><br /><b>إذا ما أراد الله أمرا فإنما يقول له كن قولة فيكون </b></span><br /><br /><b> ونبه تعالى بذلك أيضا على أن خلق عيسى بكلمة : كن ، فكان كما أمره الله ، قال [ الله ] تعالى : ( إن مثل عيسى عند الله كمثل آدم خلقه من تراب ثم قال له كن فيكون ) [ آل عمران : 59 ] . </b><br /><b> <span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;">78</span></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br /><b>( وقال الذين لا يعلمون لولا يكلمنا الله أو تأتينا آية كذلك قال الذين من قبلهم مثل قولهم تشابهت قلوبهم قد بينا الآيات لقوم يوقنون ( 118 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال رافع بن حريملة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : يا محمد ، إن كنت رسولا من الله كما تقول ، فقل لله فليكلمنا حتى نسمع كلامه . فأنزل الله في ذلك من قوله : ( وقال الذين لا يعلمون لولا يكلمنا الله أو تأتينا آية ) </b><br /><br /><b>وقال مجاهد [ في قوله ] ) وقال الذين لا يعلمون لولا يكلمنا الله أو تأتينا آية ) قال : النصارى تقوله . </b><br /><br /><b> وهو اختيار ابن جرير ، قال : لأن السياق فيهم . وفي ذلك نظر . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وحكى القرطبي ( لولا يكلمنا الله ) أي : لو يخاطبنا بنبوتك يا محمد ، قلت : وظاهر السياق أعم ، والله أعلم ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية ، والربيع بن أنس ، وقتادة ، والسدي في تفسير هذه الآية : هذا قول كفار العرب ( كذلك قال الذين من قبلهم [ مثل قولهم ] ) قالوا : هم اليهود والنصارى . ويؤيد هذا القول ، وأن القائلين ذلك هم مشركو العرب ، قوله تعالى : ( وإذا جاءتهم آية قالوا لن نؤمن حتى نؤتى مثل ما أوتي رسل الله الله أعلم حيث يجعل رسالته سيصيب الذين أجرموا صغار عند الله وعذاب شديد بما كانوا يمكرون ) [ الأنعام : 123 ] .</b><b>[ ص: 400 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وقالوا لن نؤمن لك حتى تفجر لنا من الأرض ينبوعا أو تكون لك جنة من نخيل وعنب فتفجر الأنهار خلالها تفجيرا أو تسقط السماء كما زعمت علينا كسفا أو تأتي بالله والملائكة قبيلا أو يكون لك بيت من زخرف أو ترقى في السماء ولن نؤمن لرقيك حتى تنزل علينا كتابا نقرؤه قل سبحان ربي هل كنت إلا بشرا رسولا ) [ الإسراء : 90 ، 93 ] ، وقوله تعالى : ( وقال الذين لا يرجون لقاءنا لولا أنزل علينا الملائكة أو نرى ربنا لقد استكبروا في أنفسهم وعتوا عتوا كبيرا ) [ الفرقان : 21 ] ، وقوله : ( بل يريد كل امرئ منهم أن يؤتى صحفا منشرة)[ المدثر : 52 ] إلى غير ذلك من الآيات الدالة على كفر مشركي العرب وعتوهم وعنادهم وسؤالهم ما لا حاجة لهم به ، إنما هو الكفر والمعاندة ، كما قال من قبلهم من الأمم الخالية من أهل الكتابين وغيرهم ، كما قال تعالى : ( يسألك أهل الكتاب أن تنزل عليهم كتابا من السماء فقد سألوا موسى أكبر من ذلك فقالوا أرنا الله جهرة ) [ النساء : 153 ] وقال تعالى : ( وإذ قلتم ياموسى لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة ) [ البقرة : 55 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( تشابهت قلوبهم ) أي : أشبهت قلوب مشركي العرب قلوب من تقدمهم في الكفر والعناد والعتو ، كما قال تعالى : ( كذلك ما أتى الذين من قبلهم من رسول إلا قالوا ساحر أو مجنون أتواصوا به بل هم قوم طاغون ) [ الذاريات : 52 ، 53 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( قد بينا الآيات لقوم يوقنون ) أي : قد وضحنا الدلالات على صدق الرسل بما لا يحتاج معها إلى سؤال آخر وزيادة أخرى ، لمن أيقن وصدق واتبع الرسل ، وفهم ما جاءوا به عن الله تبارك وتعالى . وأما من ختم الله على قلبه وجعل على بصره غشاوة فأولئك الذين قال الله تعالى فيهم : ( إن الذين حقت عليهم كلمة ربك لا يؤمنون ولو جاءتهم كل آية حتى يروا العذاب الأليم) [ يونس : 96 ، 97 ] .</b><b> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>79.</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #674ea7;"><b>[ قوله تعالى] </b><b>( إنا أرسلناك بالحق بشيرا ونذيرا ولا تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم ( 119 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن صالح ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبيد الله الفزاري عن شيبان النحوي ، أخبرني قتادة ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " أنزلت علي : ( إنا أرسلناك بالحق بشيرا ونذيرا ) قال : " بشيرا بالجنة ، ونذيرا من النار " </b><br /><b> وقوله : ( ولا تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم ) قراءة أكثرهم ) ولا تسأل ) بضم التاء على الخبر . وفي قراءة أبي بن كعب : " وما تسأل " وفي قراءة ابن مسعود : " ولن تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم "</b><b>[ ص: 401 ] </b><br /><br /><b> نقلهما ابن جرير ، أي : لا نسألك عن كفر من كفر بك ، ( فإنما عليك البلاغ وعلينا الحساب ) [ الرعد : 40 ] وكقوله تعالى : ( فذكر إنما أنت مذكر لست عليهم بمصيطر ) الآية [ الغاشية : 21 ، 22 ] وكقوله تعالى : ( نحن أعلم بما يقولون وما أنت عليهم بجبار فذكر بالقرآن من يخاف وعيد ) [ ق : 45 ] وأشباه ذلك من الآيات . </b><br /><br /><b> وقرأ آخرون " ولا تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم " بفتح التاء على النهي ، أي : لا تسأل عن حالهم ، كما قال عبد الرزاق : </b><br /><br /><b> أخبرنا الثوري ، عن موسى بن عبيدة ، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " ليت شعري ما فعل أبواي ، ليت شعري ما فعل أبواي ، ليت شعري ما فعل أبواي ؟ " . فنزلت : ( ولا تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم ) فما ذكرهما حتى توفاه الله ، عز وجل . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن جرير ، عن أبي كريب ، عن وكيع ، عن موسى بن عبيدة ، [ وقد تكلموا فيه عن محمد بن كعب ] بمثله . وقد حكاه القرطبي عن ابن عباس ومحمد بن كعب قال القرطبي : وهذا كما يقال : لا تسأل عن فلان ; أي : قد بلغ فوق ما تحسب ، وقد ذكرنا في التذكرة أن الله أحيا له أبويه حتى آمنا ، وأجبنا عن قوله : ( إن أبي وأباك في النار ) . ( قلت ) : والحديث المروي في حياة أبويه عليه السلام ليس في شيء من الكتب الستة ولا غيرها ، وإسناده ضعيف والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال [ ابن جرير ] وحدثني القاسم ، حدثنا الحسين ، حدثني حجاج ، عن ابن جريج ، أخبرني داود بن أبي عاصم : أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال ذات يوم : " أين أبواي ؟ " . فنزلت : ( إنا أرسلناك بالحق بشيرا ونذيرا ولا تسأل عن أصحاب الجحيم ) </b><br /><b> وهذا مرسل كالذي قبله . وقد رد ابن جرير هذا القول المروي عن محمد بن كعب [ القرظي ] وغيره في ذلك ، لاستحالة الشك من الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في أمر أبويه . واختار القراءة الأولى . وهذا الذي سلكه هاهنا فيه نظر ، لاحتمال أن هذا كان في حال استغفاره لأبويه قبل أن يعلم أمرهما ، فلما علم ذلك تبرأ منهما ، وأخبر عنهما أنهما من أهل النار [ كما ثبت ذلك في الصحيح ] ولهذا أشباه كثيرة ونظائر ، ولا يلزم ما ذكر ابن جرير . والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا موسى بن داود ، حدثنا فليح بن سليمان ، عن هلال بن علي ، عن عطاء بن يسار ، قال : لقيت عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص ، فقلت : أخبرني عن صفة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في التوراة . فقال : أجل ، والله إنه لموصوف في التوراة بصفته في القرآن : يا أيها النبي إنا أرسلناك شاهدا ومبشرا ونذيرا ، وحرزا للأميين ، وأنت عبدي ورسولي ، سميتك المتوكل ، لا فظ ولا غليظ ولا [ ص: 402 ] سخاب في الأسواق ، ولا يدفع بالسيئة السيئة ولكن يعفو ويغفر ، ولن يقبضه حتى يقيم به الملة العوجاء ، بأن يقولوا : لا إله إلا الله . فيفتح به أعينا عميا ، وآذانا صما ، وقلوبا غلفا . </b><br /><br /><b> انفرد بإخراجه البخاري ، فرواه في البيوع عن محمد بن سنان ، عن فليح ، به . وقال : تابعه عبد العزيز بن أبي سلمة ، عن هلال . وقال سعيد : عن هلال ، عن عطاء ، عن عبد الله بن سلام . ورواه في التفسير عن عبد الله ، عن عبد العزيز بن أبي سلمة ، عن هلال ، عن عطاء ، عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص ، به . فذكر نحوه ، فعبد الله هذا هو ابن صالح ، كما صرح به في كتاب الأدب . وزعم أبو مسعود الدمشقي أنه عبد الله بن رجاء . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد رواه الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسير هذه الآية من البقرة ، عن أحمد بن الحسن بن أيوب ، عن محمد بن أحمد بن البراء ، عن المعافى بن سليمان ، عن فليح ، به . وزاد : قال عطاء : ثم لقيت كعب الأحبار ، فسألته فما اختلفا في حرف ، إلا أن كعبا قال بلغته : أعينا عمومى ، وآذانا صمومى ، وقلوبا غلوفا </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #3d85c6;"><b><span style="background-color: red;">80</span>( ولن ترضى عنك اليهود ولا النصارى حتى تتبع ملتهم قل إن هدى الله هو الهدى ولئن اتبعت أهواءهم بعد الذي جاءك من العلم ما لك من الله من ولي ولا نصير ( 120 ) الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يتلونه حق تلاوته أولئك يؤمنون به ومن يكفر به فأولئك هم الخاسرون ( 121 ) ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : يعني بقوله جل ثناؤه : ( ولن ترضى عنك اليهود ولا النصارى حتى تتبع ملتهم ) وليست اليهود يا محمد ولا النصارى براضية عنك أبدا ، فدع طلب ما يرضيهم ويوافقهم ، وأقبل على طلب رضا الله في دعائهم إلى ما بعثك الله به من الحق </b><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( قل إن هدى الله هو الهدى ) أي : قل يا محمد : إن هدى الله الذي بعثني به هو الهدى ، يعني : هو الدين المستقيم الصحيح الكامل الشامل . </b><br /><br /><b>قال قتادة في قوله : ( قل إن هدى الله هو الهدى ) قال : خصومة علمها الله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ، يخاصمون بها أهل الضلالة . قال قتادة : وبلغنا أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقول : " لا تزال طائفة من أمتي يقتتلون على الحق ظاهرين ، لا يضرهم من خالفهم ، حتى يأتي أمر الله " . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : هذا الحديث مخرج في الصحيح عن عبد الله بن عمرو</b><b>[ ص: 403 ] </b><br /><br /><b> ( ولئن اتبعت أهواءهم بعد الذي جاءك من العلم ما لك من الله من ولي ولا نصير ) فيه تهديد ووعيد شديد للأمة عن اتباع طرائق اليهود والنصارى ، بعد ما علموا من القرآن والسنة ، عياذا بالله من ذلك ، فإن الخطاب مع الرسول ، والأمر لأمته . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وقد استدل كثير من الفقهاء بقوله : ( حتى تتبع ملتهم ) حيث أفرد الملة على أن الكفر كله ملة واحدة كقوله تعالى : ( لكم دينكم ولي دين ) [ الكافرون : 6 ] ، فعلى هذا لا يتوارث المسلمون والكفار ، وكل منهم يرث قرينه سواء كان من أهل دينه أم لا ; لأنهم كلهم ملة واحدة ، وهذا مذهب الشافعي وأبي حنيفة وأحمد في رواية عنه . وقال في الرواية الأخرى كقول مالك : إنه لا يتوارث أهل ملتين شتى ، كما جاء في الحديث ، والله أعلم ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يتلونه حق تلاوته ) قال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة : هم اليهود والنصارى . وهو قول عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم ، واختاره ابن جرير . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال : سعيد عن قتادة : هم أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن موسى ، وعبد الله بن عمران الأصبهاني ، قالا حدثنا يحيى بن يمان ، حدثنا أسامة بن زيد ، عن أبيه ، عن عمر بن الخطاب ( يتلونه حق تلاوته ) قال : إذا مر بذكر الجنة سأل الله الجنة ، وإذا مر بذكر النار تعوذ بالله من النار . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية : قال ابن مسعود : والذي نفسي بيده ، إن حق تلاوته أن يحل حلاله ويحرم حرامه ويقرأه كما أنزله الله ، ولا يحرف الكلم عن مواضعه ، ولا يتأول منه شيئا على غير تأويله . </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا رواه عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة ومنصور بن المعتمر ، عن ابن مسعود . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال السدي ، عن أبي مالك ، عن ابن عباس في هذه الآية ، قال : يحلون حلاله ويحرمون حرامه ، ولا يحرفونه عن مواضعه . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن ابن مسعود نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الحسن البصري : يعملون بمحكمه ، ويؤمنون بمتشابهه ، يكلون ما أشكل عليهم إلى عالمه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو زرعة ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن موسى ، أخبرنا ابن أبي زائدة ، أخبرنا داود بن أبي هند ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله : ( يتلونه حق تلاوته ) قال : يتبعونه حق اتباعه ، ثم قرأ : ( والقمر إذا تلاها ) [ الشمس : 2 ] ، يقول : اتبعها . قال : وروي عن عكرمة ، وعطاء ، ومجاهد ، وأبي رزين ، وإبراهيم النخعي نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سفيان الثوري : حدثنا زبيد ، عن مرة ، عن عبد الله بن مسعود ، في قوله : ( يتلونه حق تلاوته ) [ ص: 404 ] قال : يتبعونه حق اتباعه . </b><br /><br /><b> قال القرطبي : وروى نصر بن عيسى ، عن مالك ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في قوله : ( يتلونه حق تلاوته ) قال : " يتبعونه حق اتباعه " ، ثم قال : في إسناده غير واحد من المجهولين فيما ذكره الخطيب إلا أن معناه صحيح . وقال أبو موسى الأشعري : من يتبع القرآن يهبط به على رياض الجنة . وعن عمر بن الخطاب ، رضي الله عنه : هم الذين إذا مروا بآية رحمة سألوها من الله ، وإذا مروا بآية عذاب استعاذوا منها ، قال : وقد روي هذا المعنى عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه كان إذا مر بآية رحمة سأل ، وإذا مر بآية عذاب تعوذ . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( أولئك يؤمنون به ) خبر عن ( الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يتلونه حق تلاوته ) أي : من أقام كتابه من أهل الكتب المنزلة على الأنبياء المتقدمين حق إقامته ، آمن بما أرسلتك به يا محمد ، كما قال تعالى : ( ولو أنهم أقاموا التوراة والإنجيل وما أنزل إليهم من ربهم لأكلوا من فوقهم ومن تحت أرجلهم ) الآية [ المائدة : 66 ] . وقال : ( قل يا أهل الكتاب لستم على شيء حتى تقيموا التوراة والإنجيل وما أنزل إليكم من ربكم ) [ المائدة : 68 ] ، أي : إذا أقمتموها حق الإقامة ، وآمنتم بها حق الإيمان ، وصدقتم ما فيها من الأخبار بمبعث محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ونعته وصفته والأمر باتباعه ونصره ومؤازرته ، قادكم ذلك إلى الحق واتباع الخير في الدنيا والآخرة ، كما قال تعالى : ( الذين يتبعون الرسول النبي الأمي الذي يجدونه مكتوبا عندهم في التوراة والإنجيل ) الآية [ الأعراف : 157 ] وقال تعالى : ( قل آمنوا به أو لا تؤمنوا إن الذين أوتوا العلم من قبله إذا يتلى عليهم يخرون للأذقان سجدا ويقولون سبحان ربنا إن كان وعد ربنا لمفعولا ) [ الإسراء : 107 ، 108 ] أي : إن كان ما وعدنا به من شأن محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم لواقعا . وقال تعالى : ( الذين آتيناهم الكتاب من قبله هم به يؤمنون وإذا يتلى عليهم قالوا آمنا به إنه الحق من ربنا إنا كنا من قبله مسلمين أولئك يؤتون أجرهم مرتين بما صبروا ويدرءون بالحسنة السيئة ومما رزقناهم ينفقون ) [ القصص : 52 ، 54 ] . وقال تعالى : ( وقل للذين أوتوا الكتاب والأميين أأسلمتم فإن أسلموا فقد اهتدوا وإن تولوا فإنما عليك البلاغ والله بصير بالعباد ) [ آل عمران : 20 ] ولهذا قال تعالى : ( ومن يكفر به فأولئك هم الخاسرون ) كما قال تعالى : ( ومن يكفر به من الأحزاب فالنار موعده ) [ هود : 17 ] . وفي الصحيح : " والذي نفسي بيده لا يسمع بي أحد من هذه الأمة : يهودي ولا نصراني ، ثم لا يؤمن بي ، إلا دخل النار " . </b><br /><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: red;"><b>81 </b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><br /><b>( يابني إسرائيل اذكروا نعمتي التي أنعمت عليكم وأني فضلتكم على العالمين ( 122 ) واتقوا يوما لا تجزي نفس عن نفس شيئا ولا يقبل منها عدل ولا تنفعها شفاعة ولا هم ينصرون ( 123 )</b></span></span></span><br /><br /><b> قد تقدم نظير هذه الآية في صدر السورة ، وكررت هاهنا للتأكيد والحث على اتباع الرسول النبي [ ص: 405 ] الأمي الذي يجدون صفته في كتبهم ونعته واسمه وأمره وأمته . يحذرهم من كتمان هذا ، وكتمان ما أنعم به عليهم ، وأمرهم أن يذكروا نعمة الله عليهم ، من النعم الدنيوية والدينية ، ولا يحسدوا بني عمهم من العرب على ما رزقهم الله من إرسال الرسول الخاتم منهم . ولا يحملهم ذلك الحسد على مخالفته وتكذيبه ، والحيدة عن موافقته ، صلوات الله وسلامه عليه دائما إلى يوم الدين . </b><br /><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: white;"><b>82</b></span></span></span><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></span><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: white;">(وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن قال إني جاعلك للناس إماما قال ومن ذريتي قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ( 124 )</span></span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> يقول تعالى منبها على شرف إبراهيم خليله ، عليه السلام وأن الله تعالى جعله إماما للناس يقتدى به في التوحيد ، حتى قام بما كلفه الله تعالى به من الأوامر والنواهي ; ولهذا قال : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات ) أي : واذكر يا محمد لهؤلاء المشركين وأهل الكتابين الذين ينتحلون ملة إبراهيم وليسوا عليها ، وإنما الذي هو عليها مستقيم فأنت والذين معك من المؤمنين ، اذكر لهؤلاء ابتلاء الله إبراهيم ، أي : اختباره له بما كلفه به من الأوامر والنواهي ( فأتمهن ) أي : قام بهن كلهن ، كما قال تعالى : ( وإبراهيم الذي وفى ) [ النجم : 37 ] ، أي : وفى جميع ما شرع له ، فعمل به صلوات الله عليه ، وقال تعالى : ( إن إبراهيم كان أمة قانتا لله حنيفا ولم يك من المشركين شاكرا لأنعمه اجتباه وهداه إلى صراط مستقيم وآتيناه في الدنيا حسنة وإنه في الآخرة لمن الصالحين ثم أوحينا إليك أن اتبع ملة إبراهيم حنيفا وما كان من المشركين ) [ النحل : 120 ، 123 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( قل إنني هداني ربي إلى صراط مستقيم دينا قيما ملة إبراهيم حنيفا وما كان من المشركين ) [ الأنعام : 161 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( ما كان إبراهيم يهوديا ولا نصرانيا ولكن كان حنيفا مسلما وما كان من المشركين إن أولى الناس بإبراهيم للذين اتبعوه وهذا النبي والذين آمنوا والله ولي المؤمنين ) [ آل عمران : 67 ، 68 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( بكلمات ) أي : بشرائع وأوامر ونواه ، فإن الكلمات تطلق ، ويراد بها الكلمات القدرية ، كقوله تعالى عن مريم ، عليها السلام ، : ( وصدقت بكلمات ربها وكتبه وكانت من القانتين ) [ التحريم : 12 ] . وتطلق ويراد بها الشرعية ، كقوله تعالى : ( وتمت كلمة ربك صدقا وعدلا [ لا مبدل لكلماته ] ) [ الأنعام : 115 ] أي : كلماته الشرعية . وهي إما خبر صدق ، وإما طلب عدل إن كان أمرا أو نهيا ، ومن ذلك هذه الآية الكريمة : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) أي : قام بهن . قال : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما ) أي : جزاء على ما فعل ، كما قام بالأوامر وترك الزواجر ، جعله الله للناس قدوة وإماما يقتدى به ، ويحتذى حذوه .</b><b>[ ص: 406 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقد اختلف [ العلماء ] في تفسير الكلمات التي اختبر الله بها إبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام . فروي عن ابن عباس في ذلك روايات : </b><br /><br /><b> فقال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة ، قال ابن عباس : ابتلاه الله بالمناسك . وكذا رواه أبو إسحاق السبيعي ، عن التميمي ، عن ابن عباس . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق أيضا : أخبرنا معمر ، عن ابن طاوس ، عن أبيه ، عن ابن عباس : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات ) قال : ابتلاه الله بالطهارة : خمس في الرأس ، وخمس في الجسد ; في الرأس : قص الشارب ، والمضمضة ، والاستنشاق ، والسواك ، وفرق الرأس . وفي الجسد : تقليم الأظفار ، وحلق العانة ، والختان ، ونتف الإبط ، وغسل أثر الغائط والبول بالماء . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن سعيد بن المسيب ، ومجاهد ، والشعبي ، والنخعي ، وأبي صالح ، وأبي الجلد ، نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : وقريب من هذا ما ثبت في صحيح مسلم ، عن عائشة ، رضي الله عنها ، قالت : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " عشر من الفطرة : قص الشارب ، وإعفاء اللحية ، والسواك ، واستنشاق الماء ، وقص الأظفار ، وغسل البراجم ، ونتف الإبط ، وحلق العانة ، وانتقاص الماء "[ قال مصعب] ونسيت العاشرة إلا أن تكون المضمضة . </b><br /><br /><b> قال وكيع : انتقاص الماء ، يعني : الاستنجاء . </b><br /><br /><b> وفي الصحيح ، عن أبي هريرة ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " الفطرة خمس : الختان ، والاستحداد ، وقص الشارب ، وتقليم الأظفار ، ونتف الإبط " . ولفظه لمسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : أنبأنا يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، قراءة ، أخبرنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني ابن لهيعة ، عن ابن هبيرة ، عن حنش بن عبد الله الصنعاني ، عن ابن عباس : أنه كان يقول في هذه الآية : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) قال : عشر ، ست في الإنسان ، وأربع في المشاعر . فأما التي في الإنسان : حلق العانة ، ونتف الإبط ، والختان . وكان ابن هبيرة يقول : هؤلاء الثلاثة واحدة . وتقليم الأظفار ، وقص الشارب ، والسواك ، وغسل يوم الجمعة . والأربعة التي في المشاعر : الطواف ، والسعي بين الصفا والمروة ، ورمي الجمار ، والإفاضة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال داود بن أبي هند ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس أنه قال : ما ابتلي بهذا الدين أحد فقام به [ ص: 407 ] كله إلا إبراهيم ، قال الله تعالى : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) قلت له : وما الكلمات التي ابتلى الله إبراهيم بهن فأتمهن ؟ قال : الإسلام ثلاثون سهما ، منها عشر آيات في : براءة : ( التائبون العابدون [ الحامدون ] ) [ التوبة : 112 ] إلى آخر الآية ، وعشر آيات في أول سورة ( قد أفلح المؤمنون ) و ( سأل سائل بعذاب واقع ) وعشر آيات في الأحزاب : ( إن المسلمين والمسلمات ) [ الآية : 35 ] إلى آخر الآية ، فأتمهن كلهن ، فكتبت له براءة . قال الله : ( وإبراهيم الذي وفى ) [ النجم : 37 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> هكذا رواه الحاكم ، وأبو جعفر بن جرير ، وأبو محمد بن أبي حاتم ، بأسانيدهم إلى داود بن أبي هند ، به . وهذا لفظ ابن أبي حاتم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن سعيد أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : الكلمات التي ابتلى الله بهن إبراهيم فأتمهن : فراق قومه في الله حين أمر بمفارقتهم . ومحاجته نمروذ في الله حين وقفه على ما وقفه عليه من خطر الأمر الذي فيه خلافه . وصبره على قذفه إياه في النار ليحرقوه في الله على هول ذلك من أمرهم . والهجرة بعد ذلك من وطنه وبلاده في الله حين أمره بالخروج عنهم ، وما أمره به من الضيافة والصبر عليها بنفسه وماله ، وما ابتلي به من ذبح ابنه حين أمره بذبحه ، فلما مضى على ذلك من الله كله وأخلصه للبلاء قال الله له : ( أسلم قال أسلمت لرب العالمين ) على ما كان من خلاف الناس وفراقهم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو سعيد الأشج ، حدثنا إسماعيل بن علية ، عن أبي رجاء ، عن الحسن يعني البصري : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات [ فأتمهن ] ) قال : ابتلاه بالكوكب فرضي عنه ، وابتلاه بالقمر فرضي عنه ، وابتلاه بالشمس فرضي عنه ، وابتلاه بالهجرة فرضي عنه ، وابتلاه بالختان فرضي عنه ، وابتلاه بابنه فرضي عنه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا بشر بن معاذ ، حدثنا يزيد بن زريع ، حدثنا سعيد ، عن قتادة ، قال : كان الحسن يقول : أي والله ، ابتلاه بأمر فصبر عليه : ابتلاه بالكوكب والشمس والقمر ، فأحسن في ذلك ، وعرف أن ربه دائم لا يزول ، فوجه وجهه للذي فطر السماوات والأرض حنيفا وما كان من المشركين . ثم ابتلاه بالهجرة فخرج من بلاده وقومه حتى لحق بالشام مهاجرا إلى الله ، ثم ابتلاه بالنار قبل الهجرة فصبر على ذلك . وابتلاه الله بذبح ابنه والختان فصبر على ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا معمر ، عمن سمع الحسن يقول في قوله : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات [ فأتمهن ])[ ص: 408] </b><br /><br /><b> قال : ابتلاه الله بذبح ولده ، وبالنار ، والكوكب والشمس ، والقمر . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر بن جرير : حدثنا ابن بشار ، حدثنا سلم بن قتيبة ، حدثنا أبو هلال ، عن الحسن ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات ) قال : ابتلاه بالكوكب ، والشمس ، والقمر ، فوجده صابرا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال العوفي في تفسيره ، عن ابن عباس : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) فمنهن : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما ) ومنهن : ( وإذ يرفع إبراهيم القواعد من البيت وإسماعيل ) ومنهن : الآيات في شأن المنسك والمقام الذي جعل لإبراهيم ، والرزق الذي رزق ساكنو البيت ، ومحمد بعث في دينهما . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح ، حدثنا شبابة ، عن ورقاء ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد في قوله تعالى : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) قال الله لإبراهيم : إني مبتليك بأمر فما هو ؟ قال : تجعلني للناس إماما . قال : نعم . قال : ومن ذريتي ؟ ( قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : تجعل البيت مثابة للناس ؟ قال : نعم . قال : وأمنا . قال : نعم . قال : وتجعلنا مسلمين لك ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك ؟ قال : نعم . قال : وترزق أهله من الثمرات من آمن منهم بالله ؟ قال : نعم . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي نجيح : سمعته من عكرمة ، فعرضته على مجاهد ، فلم ينكره . </b><br /><br /><b> وهكذا رواه ابن جرير من غير وجه ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات فأتمهن ) قال : ابتلي بالآيات التي بعدها : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما قال ومن ذريتي قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر الرازي ، عن الربيع بن أنس : ( وإذ ابتلى إبراهيم ربه بكلمات [ فأتمهن ] ) قال : الكلمات : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما ) وقوله : ( وإذ جعلنا البيت مثابة للناس وأمنا ) وقوله ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) وقوله : ( وعهدنا إلى إبراهيم وإسماعيل ) الآية ، وقوله : ( وإذ يرفع إبراهيم القواعد من البيت وإسماعيل ) الآية ، قال : فذلك كله من الكلمات التي ابتلي بهن إبراهيم . </b><br /><br /><b> قال السدي : الكلمات التي ابتلى بهن إبراهيم ربه : ( ربنا تقبل منا إنك أنت السميع العليم ربنا واجعلنا مسلمين لك ومن ذريتنا أمة مسلمة لك ) ، ( ربنا وابعث فيهم رسولا منهم [يتلو عليهم آياتك])</b><b>[ ص: 409 ] </b><br /><br /><b> [وقال القرطبي : وفي الموطأ وغيره ، عن يحيى بن سعيد أنه سمع سعيد بن المسيب يقول : إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، أول من اختتن وأول من ضاف الضيف ، وأول من استحد ، وأول من قلم أظفاره ، وأول من قص الشارب ، وأول من شاب فلما رأى الشيب ، قال : ما هذا ؟ قال : وقار ، قال : يا رب ، زدني وقارا . وذكر ابن أبي شيبة ، عن سعد بن إبراهيم ، عن أبيه ، قال : أول من خطب على المنابر إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، قال غيره : وأول من برد البريد ، وأول من ضرب بالسيف ، وأول من استاك ، وأول من استنجى بالماء ، وأول من لبس السراويل . وروي عن معاذ بن جبل قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن أتخذ المنبر فقد اتخذه أبي إبراهيم ، وإن أتخذ العصا فقد اتخذها أبي إبراهيم " قلت : هذا حديث لا يثبت ، والله أعلم . ثم شرع القرطبي يتكلم على ما يتعلق بهذه الأشياء من الأحكام الشرعية] </b><br /><b> قال أبو جعفر بن جرير ما حاصله : أنه يجوز أن يكون المراد بالكلمات جميع ما ذكر ، وجائز أن يكون بعض ذلك ، ولا يجوز الجزم بشيء منها أنه المراد على التعيين إلا بحديث أو إجماع . قال : ولم يصح في ذلك خبر بنقل الواحد ولا بنقل الجماعة الذي يجب التسليم له . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : غير أنه قد روي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في نظير معنى ذلك خبران ، أحدهما ما حدثنا به أبو كريب ، حدثنا رشدين بن سعد ، حدثني زبان بن فائد ، عن سهل بن معاذ بن أنس ، قال : كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " ألا أخبركم لم سمى الله إبراهيم خليله ( الذي وفى ) [ النجم : 37 ] ؟ لأنه كان يقول كلما أصبح وكلما أمسى:(فسبحان الله حين تمسون وحين تصبحون ) [ الروم : 17 ] حتى يختم الآية " . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : والآخر منهما : حدثنا به أبو كريب ، أخبرنا الحسن ، عن عطية ، أخبرنا إسرائيل ، عن جعفر بن الزبير ، عن القاسم ، عن أبي أمامة قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( وإبراهيم الذي وفى ) أتدرون ما وفى ؟ " . قالوا : الله ورسوله أعلم . قال : " وفى عمل يومه ، أربع ركعات في النهار " . </b><br /><br /><b>ورواه آدم في تفسيره ، عن حماد بن سلمة . وعبد بن حميد ، عن يونس بن محمد ، عن حماد بن سلمة ، عن جعفر بن الزبير ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم شرع ابن جرير يضعف هذين الحديثين ، وهو كما قال ; فإنه لا تجوز روايتهما إلا ببيان ضعفهما ، وضعفهما من وجوه عديدة ، فإن كلا من السندين مشتمل على غير واحد من الضعفاء ، مع ما في متن الحديث مما يدل على ضعفه [ والله أعلم ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال ابن جرير : ولو قال قائل : إن الذي قاله مجاهد وأبو صالح والربيع بن أنس أولى [ ص: 410 ] بالصواب من القول الذي قاله غيرهم كان مذهبا ، فإن قوله : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما ) وقوله : ( وعهدنا إلى إبراهيم وإسماعيل أن طهرا بيتي للطائفين ) وسائر الآيات التي هي نظير ذلك ، كالبيان عن الكلمات التي ذكر الله أنه ابتلى بهن إبراهيم . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : والذي قاله أولا من أن الكلمات تشمل جميع ما ذكر ، أقوى من هذا الذي جوزه من قول مجاهد ومن قال مثله ; لأن السياق يعطي غير ما قالوه والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( قال ومن ذريتي قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) لما جعل الله إبراهيم إماما ، سأل الله أن تكون الأئمة من بعده من ذريته ، فأجيب إلى ذلك وأخبر أنه سيكون من ذريته ظالمون ، وأنه لا ينالهم عهد الله ، ولا يكونون أئمة فلا يقتدى بهم ، والدليل على أنه أجيب إلى طلبته قول الله تعالى في سورة العنكبوت : ( وجعلنا في ذريته النبوة والكتاب ) [ العنكبوت : 27 ] فكل نبي أرسله الله وكل كتاب أنزله الله بعد إبراهيم ففي ذريته صلوات الله وسلامه عليه . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما قوله تعالى : ( قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) فقد اختلفوا في ذلك ، فقال خصيف ، عن مجاهد في قوله : ( قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : إنه سيكون في ذريتك ظالمون . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد،<span style="color: red;">(قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين) </span>قال : لا يكون لي إمام ظالم [ يقتدى به ] . وفي رواية : لا أجعل إماما ظالما يقتدى به . وقال سفيان ، عن منصور ، عن مجاهد في قوله تعالى : ( قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : لا يكون إمام ظالم يقتدى به . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثني أبي ، حدثنا مالك بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا شريك ، عن منصور ، عن مجاهد ، في قوله : ( ومن ذريتي ) قال : أما من كان منهم صالحا فسأجعله إماما يقتدى به ، وأما من كان ظالما فلا ولا نعمة عين . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سعيد بن جبير : ( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) المراد به المشرك ، لا يكون إمام ظالم . يقول : لا يكون إمام مشرك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جريج ، عن عطاء ، قال : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما قال ومن ذريتي ) فأبى أن يجعل من ذريته إماما ظالما . قلت لعطاء : ما عهده ؟ قال : أمره . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : أخبرنا عمرو بن ثور القيساري فيما كتب إلي ، حدثنا الفريابي ، حدثنا إسرائيل ، حدثنا سماك بن حرب ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال الله لإبراهيم : ( إني جاعلك للناس إماما قال ومن ذريتي ) فأبى أن يفعل ، ثم قال:( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين )</b><b>[ ص: 411 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن سعيد أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : ( قال ومن ذريتي قال لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) يخبره أنه كائن في ذريته ظالم لا ينال عهده ولا ينبغي [له] أن يوليه شيئا من أمره وإن كان من ذرية خليله ومحسن ستنفذ فيه دعوته ، وتبلغ له فيه ما أراد من مسألته . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : ( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : يعني لا عهد لظالم عليك في ظلمه ، أن تطيعه فيه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا المثنى ، حدثنا إسحاق ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله ، عن إسرائيل ، عن مسلم الأعور ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : ( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : ليس للظالمين عهد ، وإن عاهدته فانتقضه . </b><br /><br /><b> وروي عن مجاهد ، وعطاء ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الثوري ، عن هارون بن عنترة ، عن أبيه ، قال : ليس لظالم عهد . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا معمر ، عن قتادة ، في قوله :<span style="color: red;">(لا ينال عهدي الظالمين)</span> قال : لا ينال عهد الله في الآخرة الظالمين ، فأما في الدنيا فقد ناله الظالم فأمن به ، وأكل وعاش . </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا قال إبراهيم النخعي ، وعطاء ، والحسن ، وعكرمة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الربيع بن أنس : عهد الله الذي عهد إلى عباده : دينه ، يقول : لا ينال دينه الظالمين ، ألا ترى أنه قال : ( وباركنا عليه وعلى إسحاق ومن ذريتهما محسن وظالم لنفسه مبين)[الصافات : 113 ] ، يقول : ليس كل ذريتك يا إبراهيم على الحق </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا روي عن أبي العالية ، وعطاء ، ومقاتل بن حيان . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال جويبر ، عن الضحاك : لا ينال طاعتي عدو لي يعصيني ، ولا أنحلها إلا وليا لي يطيعني . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه : حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن حامد ، حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الله بن سعيد الأسدي ، حدثنا سليم بن سعيد الدامغاني ، حدثنا وكيع ، عن الأعمش ، عن سعد بن عبيدة ، عن أبي عبد الرحمن السلمي ، عن علي بن أبي طالب ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : ( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) قال : " لا طاعة إلا في المعروف " .</b><b>[ ص: 412 ] </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : ( لا ينال عهدي الظالمين ) يقول : عهدي نبوتي . </b><br /><br /><b>فهذه أقوال مفسري السلف في هذه الآية على ما نقله ابن جرير ، وابن أبي حاتم ، رحمهما الله تعالى . واختار ابن جرير أن هذه الآية وإن كانت ظاهرة في الخبر أنه لا ينال عهد الله بالإمامة ظالما . ففيها إعلام من الله لإبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام ، أنه سيوجد من ذريتك من هو ظالم لنفسه ، كما تقدم عن مجاهد وغيره ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><b> </b><br /><b> 83</b><br /><b>الآتي ان شاء الله 13</b><br /><br /><b> </b></span></div>
<b> </b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-86551855628045326412017-02-09T03:21:00.007-08:002017-02-14T21:37:08.121-08:0011 من(ولما جاءهم كتاب من عند الله مصدق..)الي قوله تعالي(ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها..) <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><b>61</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #990000;">(ولما جاءهم كتاب من عند الله مصدق لما معهم وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به فلعنة الله على الكافرين ( 89 )</span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> يقول تعالى : ( ولما جاءهم ) يعني اليهود ( كتاب من عند الله ) وهو : القرآن الذي أنزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ( مصدق لما معهم ) يعني : من التوراة ، وقوله : ( وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا ) أي : وقد كانوا من قبل مجيء هذا الرسول بهذا الكتاب يستنصرون بمجيئه على أعدائهم من المشركين إذا قاتلوهم ، يقولون : إنه سيبعث نبي في آخر الزمان نقتلكم معه قتل عاد وإرم ، كما قال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن عاصم بن عمر عن قتادة الأنصاري ، عن أشياخ منهم قال : قالوا : فينا والله وفيهم يعني في الأنصار وفي اليهود الذين كانوا جيرانهم ، نزلت هذه القصة يعني : ( ولما جاءهم كتاب من عند الله مصدق لما معهم وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به ) قالوا كنا قد علوناهم دهرا في الجاهلية ، ونحن أهل شرك وهم أهل كتاب ، فكانوا يقولون : إن نبيا من [ الأنبياء ] يبعث الآن نتبعه ، قد أظل زمانه ، نقتلكم معه قتل عاد وإرم . فلما بعث الله رسوله من قريش [ واتبعناه ] كفروا به . يقول الله تعالى : ( فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به فلعنة الله على الكافرين )[ النساء : 155 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله : ( وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا ) قال : يستظهرون يقولون : نحن نعين محمدا عليهم ، وليسوا كذلك ، يكذبون</b><b>[ ص: 326 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : أخبرني محمد بن أبي محمد ، أخبرني عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : أن يهود كانوا يستفتحون على الأوس والخزرج برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل مبعثه . فلما بعثه الله من العرب كفروا به ، وجحدوا ما كانوا يقولون فيه . فقال لهم معاذ بن جبل ، وبشر بن البراء بن معرور ، أخو بني سلمة يا معشر يهود ، اتقوا الله وأسلموا ، فقد كنتم تستفتحون علينا بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ونحن أهل شرك ، وتخبروننا بأنه مبعوث ، وتصفونه لنا بصفته . فقال سلام بن مشكم أخو بني النضير : ما جاءنا بشيء نعرفه ، وما هو بالذي كنا نذكر لكم ، فأنزل الله في ذلك من قولهم : ( ولما جاءهم كتاب من عند الله مصدق لما معهم وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به فلعنة الله على الكافرين ) </b><br /><br /><b>وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : ( وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا ) يقول : يستنصرون بخروج محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم على مشركي العرب يعني بذلك أهل الكتاب فلما بعث محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ورأوه من غيرهم كفروا به وحسدوه . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال أبو العالية : كانت اليهود تستنصر بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم على مشركي العرب ، يقولون : اللهم ابعث هذا النبي الذي نجده مكتوبا عندنا حتى نعذب المشركين ونقتلهم . فلما بعث الله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ورأوا أنه من غيرهم ، كفروا به حسدا للعرب ، وهم يعلمون أنه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال الله : ( فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به فلعنة الله على الكافرين ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال قتادة : ( وكانوا من قبل يستفتحون على الذين كفروا ) قال : كانوا يقولون:إنه سيأتي نبي.(فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال مجاهد :(فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا كفروا به فلعنة الله على الكافرين ) قال : هم اليهود . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يعقوب ، حدثنا أبي ، عن ابن إسحاق ، حدثني صالح بن إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن بن عوف ، عن محمود بن لبيد ، أخي بني عبد الأشهل عن سلمة بن سلامة بن وقش ، وكان من أهل بدر قال : كان لنا جار يهودي في بني عبد الأشهل قال : فخرج علينا يوما من بيته قبل مبعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيسير ، حتى وقف على مجلس بني عبد الأشهل . قال سلمة : وأنا يومئذ أحدث من فيهم سنا على بردة مضطجعا فيها بفناء أهلي . فذكر البعث والقيامة والحسنات والميزان والجنة والنار . قال ذلك لأهل شرك أصحاب أوثان لا يرون بعثا كائنا بعد الموت ، فقالوا له : ويحك يا فلان ، ترى هذا كائنا أن الناس يبعثون بعد موتهم إلى دار فيها جنة ونار ، يجزون فيها بأعمالهم ؟ فقال : نعم ، والذي يحلف به ، لود أن له بحظه من تلك النار أعظم تنور في الدنيا يحمونه ثم يدخلونه إياه فيطبق به عليه ، وأن ينجو من تلك النار غدا . قالوا له : ويحك وما آية ذلك ؟ قال : نبي [ ص: 327 ] يبعث من نحو هذه البلاد ، وأشار بيده نحو مكة واليمن . قالوا : ومتى نراه ؟ قال : فنظر إلي وأنا من أحدثهم سنا ، فقال : إن يستنفذ هذا الغلام عمره يدركه . قال سلمة : فوالله ما ذهب الليل والنهار حتى بعث الله رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو بين أظهرنا ، فآمنا به وكفر به بغيا وحسدا . </b><br /><br /><b> فقلنا : ويلك يا فلان ، ألست بالذي قلت لنا ؟ قال : بلى وليس به . تفرد به أحمد . </b><br /><br /><b> وحكى القرطبي وغيره عن ابن عباس ، رضي الله عنهما : أن يهود خيبر اقتتلوا في زمان الجاهلية مع غطفان فهزمتهم غطفان ، فدعا اليهود عند ذلك ، فقالوا : اللهم إنا نسألك بحق النبي الأمي الذي وعدتنا بإخراجه في آخر الزمان ، إلا نصرتنا عليهم . قال : فنصروا عليهم . قال : وكذلك كانوا يصنعون يدعون الله فينصرون على أعدائهم ومن نازلهم . قال الله تعالى : ( فلما جاءهم ما عرفوا ) أي من الحق وصفة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم " كفروا به " فلعنة الله على الكافرين . </b><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><b>62</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #783f04;"><br /><b>( بئسما اشتروا به أنفسهم أن يكفروا بما أنزل الله بغيا أن ينزل الله من فضله على من يشاء من عباده فباءوا بغضب على غضب وللكافرين عذاب مهين ( 90 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b>قال مجاهد : ( بئسما اشتروا به أنفسهم ) يهود شروا الحق بالباطل ، وكتمان ما جاء به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بأن يبينوه . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : ( بئسما اشتروا به أنفسهم ) يقول : باعوا به أنفسهم ، يعني : بئسما اعتاضوا لأنفسهم ورضوا به [ وعدلوا إليه من الكفر بما أنزل الله على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى تصديقه ومؤازرته ونصرته ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وإنما حملهم على ذلك البغي والحسد والكراهية ( أن ينزل الله من فضله على من يشاء من عباده ) ولا حسد أعظم من هذا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن إسحاق عن محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد ، عن ابن عباس : ( بئسما اشتروا به أنفسهم أن يكفروا بما أنزل الله بغيا أن ينزل الله من فضله على من يشاء من عباده ) أي : إن الله جعله من غيرهم ( فباءوا بغضب على غضب ) قال ابن عباس : فالغضب على الغضب ، فغضبه عليهم فيما كانوا ضيعوا من التوراة وهي معهم ، وغضب بكفرهم بهذا النبي الذي أحدث الله إليهم . </b><br /><br /><b>قلت : ومعنى ( باءوا ) استوجبوا ، واستحقوا ، واستقروا بغضب على غضب . وقال أبو العالية : غضب الله عليهم بكفرهم بالإنجيل وعيسى ، ثم غضب عليهم بكفرهم بمحمد ، وبالقرآن عليهما السلام ، [ وعن عكرمة وقتادة مثله ]</b><b>[ ص: 328 ] </b><br /><br /><b> قال السدي : أما الغضب الأول فهو حين غضب عليهم في العجل ، وأما الغضب الثاني فغضب عليهم حين كفروا بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم [ وعن ابن عباس مثله ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( وللكافرين عذاب مهين ) لما كان كفرهم سببه البغي والحسد ، ومنشأ ذلك التكبر ، قوبلوا بالإهانة والصغار في الدنيا والآخرة ، كما قال تعالى : ( إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهنم داخرين ) [غافر : 60]،[أي : صاغرين حقيرين ذليلين راغمين ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يحيى ، حدثنا ابن عجلان ، عن عمرو بن شعيب ، عن أبيه ، عن جده ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " يحشر المتكبرون يوم القيامة أمثال الذر في صور الناس ، يعلوهم كل شيء من الصغار حتى يدخلوا سجنا في جهنم ، يقال له : بولس فيعلوهم نار الأنيار يسقون من طينة الخبال : عصارة أهل النار " . </b><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b>63</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">(وإذا قيل لهم آمنوا بما أنزل الله قالوا نؤمن بما أنزل علينا ويكفرون بما وراءه وهو الحق مصدقا لما معهم قل فلم تقتلون أنبياء الله من قبل إن كنتم مؤمنين ( 91 ) ولقد جاءكم موسى بالبينات ثم اتخذتم العجل من بعده وأنتم ظالمون ( 92 )</span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> يقول تعالى : ( وإذا قيل لهم ) أي : لليهود وأمثالهم من أهل الكتاب ( آمنوا بما أنزل الله ) [ أي ] : على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وصدقوه واتبعوه ( قالوا نؤمن بما أنزل علينا ) أي : يكفينا الإيمان بما أنزل علينا من التوراة والإنجيل ولا نقر إلا بذلك ، ( ويكفرون بما وراءه ) يعني : بما بعده ( وهو الحق مصدقا لما معهم ) أي : وهم يعلمون أن ما أنزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم الحق ( مصدقا ) منصوب على الحال ، أي في حال تصديقه لما معهم من التوراة والإنجيل ، فالحجة قائمة عليهم بذلك ، كما قال تعالى : ( الذين آتيناهم الكتاب يعرفونه كما يعرفون أبناءهم ) [ البقرة : 146 ] ثم قال تعالى : ( [ قل ] فلم تقتلون أنبياء الله من قبل إن كنتم مؤمنين ) أي : إن كنتم صادقين في دعواكم الإيمان بما أنزل إليكم ، فلم قتلتم الأنبياء الذين جاءوكم بتصديق التوراة التي بأيديكم والحكم بها وعدم نسخها ، وأنتم تعلمون صدقهم ؟ قتلتموهم بغيا [ وحسدا ] وعنادا واستكبارا على رسل الله ، فلستم تتبعون إلا مجرد الأهواء ، والآراء والتشهي كما قال تعالى ( أفكلما جاءكم رسول بما لا تهوى أنفسكم استكبرتم ففريقا كذبتم وفريقا تقتلون ) [ البقرة : 87 ]</b><b>[ ص: 329 ] </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : في هذه الآية يعيرهم الله تعالى : ( قل فلم تقتلون أنبياء الله من قبل إن كنتم مؤمنين ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر بن جرير:قل يا محمد ليهود بني إسرائيل[ الذين] إذا قلت لهم : آمنوا بما أنزل الله قالوا : ( نؤمن بما أنزل علينا ) : لم تقتلون إن كنتم يا معشر اليهود مؤمنين بما أنزل الله عليكم أنبياءه وقد حرم الله في الكتاب الذي أنزل عليكم قتلهم ، بل أمركم فيه باتباعهم وطاعتهم وتصديقهم ، وذلك من الله تكذيب لهم في قولهم : ( نؤمن بما أنزل علينا ) وتعيير لهم . </b><br /><br /><b> ( ولقد جاءكم موسى بالبينات ) أي : بالآيات الواضحات والدلائل القاطعة على أنه رسول الله ، وأنه لا إله إلا الله . والبينات هي : الطوفان ، والجراد ، والقمل ، والضفادع ، والدم ، والعصا ، واليد ، وفلق البحر ، وتظليلهم بالغمام ، والمن والسلوى ، والحجر ، وغير ذلك من الآيات التي شاهدوها ( ثم اتخذتم العجل ) أي : معبودا من دون الله في زمان موسى وآياته . وقوله ( من بعده ) أي : من بعد ما ذهب عنكم إلى الطور لمناجاة الله كما قال تعالى : ( واتخذ قوم موسى من بعده من حليهم عجلا جسدا له خوار ) [ الأعراف : 148 ]،( وأنتم ظالمون)[أي وأنتم ظالمون ] في هذا الصنيع الذي صنعتموه من عبادتكم العجل ، وأنتم تعلمون أنه لا إله إلا الله ، كما قال تعالى : ( ولما سقط في أيديهم ورأوا أنهم قد ضلوا قالوا لئن لم يرحمنا ربنا ويغفر لنا لنكونن من الخاسرين ) [الأعراف : 149] . </b><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;"><b>64</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;">( وإذ أخذنا ميثاقكم ورفعنا فوقكم الطور خذوا ما آتيناكم بقوة واسمعوا قالوا سمعنا وعصينا وأشربوا في قلوبهم العجل بكفرهم قل بئسما يأمركم به إيمانكم إن كنتم مؤمنين ( 93 )</span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> يعدد ، تبارك وتعالى ، عليهم خطأهم ومخالفتهم للميثاق وعتوهم وإعراضهم عنه ، حتى رفع الطور عليهم حتى قبلوه ثم خالفوه ; ولهذا قال : ( قالوا سمعنا وعصينا ) وقد تقدم تفسير ذلك . </b><br /><b> ( وأشربوا في قلوبهم العجل بكفرهم ) قال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة : ( وأشربوا في قلوبهم العجل [ بكفرهم ] ) قال : أشربوا [ في قلوبهم ] حبه ، حتى خلص ذلك إلى قلوبهم . وكذا قال أبو العالية ، والربيع بن أنس . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عصام بن خالد ، حدثني أبو بكر بن عبد الله بن أبي مريم الغساني ، عن خالد بن محمد الثقفي ، عن بلال بن أبي الدرداء ، عن أبي الدرداء ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " حبك [ ص: 330 ] الشيء يعمي ويصم " . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه أبو داود عن حيوة بن شريح عن بقية ، عن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن أبي مريم به وقال السدي : أخذ موسى ، عليه السلام ، العجل فذبحه ثم حرقه بالمبرد ، ثم ذراه في البحر ، فلم يبق بحر يجري يومئذ إلا وقع فيه شيء منه ، ثم قال لهم موسى : اشربوا منه . فشربوا ، فمن كان يحبه خرج على شاربيه الذهب . فذلك حين يقول الله تعالى : ( وأشربوا في قلوبهم العجل ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا عبد الله بن رجاء ، حدثنا إسرائيل عن أبي إسحاق ، عن عمارة بن عبد وأبي عبد الرحمن السلمي ، عن علي بن أبي طالب ، قال : عمد موسى إلى العجل ، فوضع عليه المبارد ، فبرده بها ، وهو على شاطئ نهر ، فما شرب أحد من ذلك الماء ممن كان يعبد العجل إلا اصفر وجهه مثل الذهب . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال سعيد بن جبير : ( وأشربوا في قلوبهم العجل ) قال : لما أحرق العجل برد ثم نسف ، فحسوا الماء حتى عادت وجوههم كالزعفران . </b><br /><br /><b> وحكى القرطبي عن كتاب القشيري : أنه ما شرب منه أحد ممن عبد العجل إلا جن [ ثم قال القرطبي ] وهذا شيء غير ما هاهنا ; لأن المقصود من هذا السياق ، أنه ظهر النقير على شفاههم ووجوههم ، والمذكور هاهنا : أنهم أشربوا في قلوبهم حب العجل ، يعني : في حال عبادتهم له ، ثم أنشد قول النابغة في زوجته عثمة : </b><b>تغلغل حب عثمة في فؤادي فباديه مع الخافي يسير تغلغل حيث لم يبلغ شراب </b><br /><b>ولا حزن ولم يبلغ سرور أكاد إذا ذكرت العهد منها </b><br /><b>أطير لو ان إنسانا يطير </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( قل بئسما يأمركم به إيمانكم إن كنتم مؤمنين ) أي : بئسما تعتمدونه في قديم الدهر وحديثه ، من كفركم بآيات الله ومخالفتكم الأنبياء ، ثم اعتمادكم في كفركم بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وهذا أكبر ذنوبكم ، وأشد الأمور عليكم إذ كفرتم بخاتم الرسل وسيد الأنبياء والمرسلين المبعوث إلى الناس أجمعين ، فكيف تدعون لأنفسكم الإيمان وقد فعلتم هذه الأفاعيل القبيحة ، من نقضكم المواثيق ، وكفركم بآيات الله ، وعبادتكم العجل ؟ ! </b><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #3d85c6;"><b>65</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #3d85c6;"><br /><b>[ ص: 331 ] ) قل إن كانت لكم الدار الآخرة عند الله خالصة من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ( 94 ) ولن يتمنوه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم والله عليم بالظالمين ( 95 ) ولتجدنهم أحرص الناس على حياة ومن الذين أشركوا يود أحدهم لو يعمر ألف سنة وما هو بمزحزحه من العذاب أن يعمر والله بصير بما يعملون ( 96 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : يقول الله لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( قل إن كانت لكم الدار الآخرة عند الله خالصة من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ) أي : ادعوا بالموت على أي الفريقين أكذب . فأبوا ذلك على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ( ولن يتمنوه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم والله عليم بالظالمين ) أي : بعلمهم بما عندهم من العلم بك ، والكفر بذلك ، ولو تمنوه يوم قال لهم ذلك ما بقي على الأرض يهودي إلا مات . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس : ( فتمنوا الموت ) فسلوا الموت </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن عبد الكريم الجزري ، عن عكرمة ، قوله : ( فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ) قال : قال ابن عباس : لو تمنى اليهود الموت لماتوا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا علي بن محمد الطنافسي ، حدثنا عثام ، سمعت الأعمش قال : لا أظنه إلا عن المنهال ، عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس ، قال : لو تمنوا الموت لشرق أحدهم بريقه . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذه أسانيد صحيحة إلى ابن عباس . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير في تفسيره : وبلغنا أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لو أن اليهود تمنوا الموت لماتوا . ولرأوا مقاعدهم من النار . ولو خرج الذين يباهلون رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لرجعوا لا يجدون أهلا ولا مالا " . حدثنا بذلك أبو كريب ، حدثنا زكريا بن عدي ، حدثنا عبيد الله بن عمرو ، عن عبد الكريم ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الإمام أحمد عن إسماعيل بن يزيد الرقي [ أبي يزيد ] حدثنا فرات ، عن عبد الكريم ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا الحسن بن أحمد [ قال ] : حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد الله بن بشار ، [ ص: 332 ] حدثنا سرور بن المغيرة ، عن عباد بن منصور ، عن الحسن ، قال : قول الله ما كانوا ليتمنوه بما قدمت أيديهم . قلت : أرأيتك لو أنهم أحبوا الموت حين قيل لهم : تمنوا ، أتراهم كانوا ميتين ؟ قال : لا والله ما كانوا ليموتوا ولو تمنوا الموت ، وما كانوا ليتمنوه ، وقد قال الله ما سمعت : ( ولن يتمنوه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم والله عليم بالظالمين ) </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا غريب عن الحسن . ثم هذا الذي فسر به ابن عباس الآية هو المتعين ، وهو الدعاء على أي الفريقين أكذب منهم أو من المسلمين على وجه المباهلة ، ونقله ابن جرير عن قتادة ، وأبي العالية ، والربيع بن أنس ، رحمهم الله . </b><br /><br /><b> ونظير هذه الآية قوله تعالى في سورة الجمعة : ( قل يا أيها الذين هادوا إن زعمتم أنكم أولياء لله من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ولا يتمنونه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم والله عليم بالظالمين قل إن الموت الذي تفرون منه فإنه ملاقيكم ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون ) [ الجمعة : 68 ] فهم عليهم لعائن الله لما زعموا أنهم أبناء الله وأحباؤه ، وقالوا : لن يدخل الجنة إلا من كان هودا أو نصارى ، دعوا إلى المباهلة والدعاء على أكذب الطائفتين منهم ، أو من المسلمين . فلما نكلوا عن ذلك علم كل أحد أنهم ظالمون ; لأنهم لو كانوا جازمين بما هم فيه لكانوا أقدموا على ذلك ، فلما تأخروا علم كذبهم . وهذا كما دعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وفد نجران من النصارى بعد قيام الحجة عليهم في المناظرة ، وعتوهم وعنادهم إلى المباهلة ، فقال تعالى : ( فمن حاجك فيه من بعد ما جاءك من العلم فقل تعالوا ندع أبناءنا وأبناءكم ونساءنا ونساءكم وأنفسنا وأنفسكم ثم نبتهل فنجعل لعنة الله على الكاذبين ) [ آل عمران : 61 ] فلما رأوا ذلك قال بعض القوم لبعض : والله لئن باهلتم هذا النبي لا يبقى منكم عين تطرف . فعند ذلك جنحوا للسلم وبذلوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون ، فضربها عليهم . وبعث معهم أبا عبيدة بن الجراح ، رضي الله عنه ، أمينا . ومثل هذا المعنى أو قريب منه قوله تعالى لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يقول للمشركين : ( قل من كان في الضلالة فليمدد له الرحمن مدا ) [ مريم : 75 ] ، أي : من كان في الضلالة منا أو منكم ، فزاده الله مما هو فيه ومد له ، واستدرجه ، كما سيأتي تقريره في موضعه ، إن شاء الله . </b><br /><br /><b> فأما من فسر الآية على معنى : ( قل إن كانت لكم الدار الآخرة عند الله خالصة من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ) أي : إن كنتم صادقين في دعواكم ، فتمنوا الآن الموت . ولم يتعرض هؤلاء للمباهلة كما قرره طائفة من المتكلمين وغيرهم ، ومال إليه ابن جرير بعد ما قارب القول الأول ; فإنه قال : القول في تفسير قوله تعالى : ( قل إن كانت لكم الدار الآخرة عند الله خالصة من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين ) وهذه الآية مما احتج الله به لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم على اليهود الذين كانوا [ ص: 333 ] بين ظهراني مهاجره ، وفضح بها أحبارهم وعلماءهم ; وذلك أن الله تعالى أمر نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى قضية عادلة بينه وبينهم ، فيما كان بينه وبينهم من الخلاف ، كما أمره أن يدعو الفريق الآخر من النصارى إذا خالفوه في عيسى ابن مريم ، عليه السلام ، وجادلوه فيه ، إلى فاصلة بينه وبينهم من المباهلة . فقال لفريق [ من ] اليهود : إن كنتم محقين فتمنوا الموت ، فإن ذلك غير ضار بكم إن كنتم محقين فيما تدعون من الإيمان وقرب المنزلة من الله ، بل أعطيكم أمنيتكم من الموت إذا تمنيتم ، فإنما تصيرون إلى الراحة من تعب الدنيا ونصبها وكدر عيشها ، والفوز بجوار الله في جناته إن كان الأمر كما تزعمون : من أن الدار الآخرة لكم خالصة دوننا . وإن لم تعطوها علم الناس أنكم المبطلون ونحن المحقون في دعوانا ، وانكشف أمرنا وأمركم لهم ، فامتنعت اليهود من الإجابة إلى ذلك لعلمها أنها إن تمنت الموت هلكت ، فذهبت دنياها وصارت إلى خزي الأبد في آخرتها ، كما امتنع فريق [ من ] النصارى . </b><br /><br /><b> فهذا الكلام منه أوله حسن ، وأما آخره فيه نظر ; وذلك أنه لا تظهر الحجة عليهم على هذا التأويل ، إذ يقال : إنه لا يلزم من كونهم يعتقدون أنهم صادقون في دعواهم أنهم يتمنون الموت فإنه لا ملازمة بين وجود الصلاح وتمني الموت ، وكم من صالح لا يتمنى الموت ، بل يود أن يعمر ليزداد خيرا وترتفع درجته في الجنة ، كما جاء في الحديث : " خيركم من طال عمره وحسن عمله "[وجاء في الصحيح النهي عن تمني الموت ، وفي بعض ألفاظه : " لا يتمنين أحدكم الموت لضر نزل به ، إما محسنا فلعله أن يزداد ، وإما مسيئا فلعله أن يستعتب " ] . ولهم مع ذلك أن يقولوا على هذا : فها أنتم تعتقدون أيها المسلمون أنكم أصحاب الجنة ، وأنتم لا تتمنون في حال الصحة الموت ; فكيف تلزمونا بما لا نلزمكم ؟ </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا كله إنما نشأ من تفسير الآية على هذا المعنى ، فأما على تفسير ابن عباس فلا يلزم عليه شيء من ذلك ، بل قيل لهم كلام نصف : إن كنتم تعتقدون أنكم أولياء الله من دون الناس ، وأنكم أبناء الله وأحباؤه ، وأنكم من أهل الجنة ومن عداكم [ من ] أهل النار ، فباهلوا على ذلك وادعوا على الكاذبين منكم أو من غيركم ، واعلموا أن المباهلة تستأصل الكاذب لا محالة . فلما تيقنوا ذلك وعرفوا صدقه نكلوا عن المباهلة لما يعلمون من كذبهم وافترائهم وكتمانهم الحق من صفة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ونعته ، وهم يعرفونه كما يعرفون أبناءهم ويتحققونه . فعلم كل أحد باطلهم ، وخزيهم ، وضلالهم وعنادهم [ ص: 334 ] عليهم لعائن الله المتتابعة إلى يوم القيامة . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: purple;">[وسميت هذه المباهلة تمنيا ; لأن كل محق يود لو أهلك الله المبطل المناظر له ولا سيما إذا كان في ذلك حجة له فيها بيان حقه وظهوره ، وكانت المباهلة بالموت ; لأن الحياة عندهم عزيزة عظيمة لما يعلمون من سوء مآلهم بعد الموت ] . </span></b><br /><br /><b> ولهذا قال تعالى : ( ولن يتمنوه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم والله عليم بالظالمين ولتجدنهم أحرص الناس على حياة ) : أي : [ أحرص الخلق على حياة أي ] : على طول عمر ، لما يعلمون من مآلهم السيئ وعاقبتهم عند الله الخاسرة ; لأن الدنيا سجن المؤمن وجنة الكافر ، فهم يودون لو تأخروا عن مقام الآخرة بكل ما أمكنهم . وما يحذرون واقع بهم لا محالة ، حتى وهم أحرص [ الناس ] من المشركين الذين لا كتاب لهم . وهذا من باب عطف الخاص على العام . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أحمد بن سنان ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي ، عن سفيان ، عن الأعمش ، عن مسلم البطين ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( ومن الذين أشركوا ) قال : الأعاجم . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الحاكم في مستدركه من حديث الثوري ، وقال : صحيح على شرطهما ، ولم يخرجاه . قال : وقد اتفقا على سند تفسير الصحابي . وقال الحسن البصري : ( ولتجدنهم أحرص الناس على حياة ) قال : المنافق أحرص الناس على حياة ، وهو أحرص على الحياة من المشرك ( يود أحدهم ) أي : أحد اليهود كما يدل عليه نظم السياق . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال أبو العالية : ( يود أحدهم ) يعني : المجوس ، وهو يرجع إلى الأول . </b><br /><b> (لو يعمر ألف سنة ) قال الأعمش ، عن مسلم البطين ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( يود أحدهم لو يعمر ألف سنة ) قال : هو كقول الفارسي : " زه هزارسال " يقول : عشرة آلاف سنة . وكذا روي عن سعيد بن جبير نفسه أيضا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا محمد بن علي بن الحسن بن شقيق قال : سمعت أبي يقول : حدثنا أبو حمزة ، عن الأعمش ، عن مجاهد ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله تعالى :(يود أحدهم لو يعمر ألف سنة) قال : هو الأعاجم : " هزارسال نوروز مهرجان " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال مجاهد : ( يود أحدهم لو يعمر ألف سنة ) قال : حببت إليهم الخطيئة طول العمر .</b><b>[ ص: 335 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن محمد ، عن سعيد أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : ( وما هو بمزحزحه من العذاب أن يعمر ) أي : ما هو بمنجيه من العذاب . وذلك أن المشرك لا يرجو بعثا بعد الموت ، فهو يحب طول الحياة ، وأن اليهودي قد عرف ما له في الآخرة من الخزي بما صنع بما عنده من العلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : ( وما هو بمزحزحه من العذاب أن يعمر ) قال : هم الذين عادوا جبريل . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية وابن عمر فما ذاك بمغيثه من العذاب ولا منجيه منه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم [ في هذه الآية ] يهود أحرص على [ هذه ] الحياة من هؤلاء ، وقد ود هؤلاء أن يعمر أحدهم ألف سنة ، وليس ذلك بمزحزحه من العذاب لو عمر ، كما عمر إبليس لم ينفعه إذ كان كافرا . </b><br /><br /><b> ( والله بصير بما يعملون ) أي : خبير بما يعمل عباده من خير وشر ، وسيجازي كل عامل بعمله . </b><br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><b>66</b></span></span><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><br /></span></span><b><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: blue;"> قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله مصدقا لما بين يديه وهدى وبشرى للمؤمنين ( 97 ) من كان عدوا لله وملائكته ورسله وجبريل وميكال فإن الله عدو للكافرين ( 98 ) </span></span> </b><br /><br /><b> قال الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير الطبري رحمه الله : أجمع أهل العلم بالتأويل جميعا [ على ] أن هذه الآية نزلت جوابا لليهود من بني إسرائيل ، إذ زعموا أن جبريل عدو لهم ، وأن ميكائيل ولي لهم ، ثم اختلفوا في السبب الذي من أجله قالوا ذلك . فقال بعضهم : إنما كان سبب قيلهم ذلك من أجل مناظرة جرت بينهم وبين رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في أمر نبوته . ذكر من قال ذلك </b><br /><br /><b> حدثنا أبو كريب ، حدثنا يونس بن بكير ، عن عبد الحميد بن بهرام ، عن شهر بن حوشب ، عن ابن عباس أنه قال : حضرت عصابة من اليهود رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقالوا : يا أبا القاسم ، حدثنا عن خلال نسألك عنهن ، لا يعلمهن إلا نبي ، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " سلوا عما شئتم ، ولكن اجعلوا لي [ ص: 336 ] ذمة وما أخذ يعقوب على بنيه ، لئن أنا حدثتكم شيئا فعرفتموه لتتابعني على الإسلام " . فقالوا : ذلك لك . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " سلوني عما شئتم " . فقالوا : أخبرنا عن أربع خلال نسألك عنهن : أخبرنا أي الطعام حرم إسرائيل على نفسه من قبل أن تنزل التوراة ؟ وأخبرنا كيف ماء المرأة وماء الرجل ؟ وكيف يكون الذكر منه والأنثى ؟ وأخبرنا بهذا النبي الأمي في النوم ووليه من الملائكة ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " عليكم عهد الله لئن أنا أنبأتكم لتتابعني ؟ " فأعطوه ما شاء الله من عهد وميثاق . فقال : " نشدتكم بالذي أنزل التوراة على موسى ، هل تعلمون أن إسرائيل يعقوب مرض مرضا شديدا فطال سقمه منه ، فنذر لله نذرا لئن عافاه الله من سقمه ليحرمن أحب الطعام والشراب إليه ، وكان أحب الطعام إليه لحوم الإبل وأحب الشراب إليه ألبانها ؟ " . فقالوا : اللهم نعم . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " اللهم اشهد عليهم . وأنشدكم بالله الذي لا إله إلا هو ، الذي أنزل التوراة على موسى ، هل تعلمون أن ماء الرجل أبيض غليظ ، وأن ماء المرأة أصفر رقيق ، فأيهما علا كان له الولد والشبه بإذن الله ، وإذا علا ماء الرجل ماء المرأة كان الولد ذكرا بإذن الله ، وإذا علا ماء المرأة ماء الرجل كان الولد أنثى بإذن الله ؟ " . قالوا : اللهم نعم . قال : " اللهم اشهد " . قال : " وأنشدكم بالله الذي أنزل التوراة على موسى ، هل تعلمون أن هذا النبي الأمي تنام عيناه ولا ينام قلبه ؟ " . قالوا : اللهم نعم . قال : " اللهم اشهد " . قالوا : أنت الآن ، فحدثنا من وليك من الملائكة ، فعندها نجامعك أو نفارقك . قال : " فإن وليي جبريل ، ولم يبعث الله نبيا قط إلا وهو وليه " . قالوا : فعندها نفارقك ، لو كان وليك سواه من الملائكة تابعناك وصدقناك . قال : " فما منعكم أن تصدقوه ؟ " قالوا : إنه عدونا . فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل ) إلى قوله : ( لو كانوا يعلمون ) [ البقرة : 103 ] فعندها باؤوا بغضب على غضب . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد رواه الإمام أحمد في مسنده ، عن أبي النضر هاشم بن القاسم وعبد بن حميد في تفسيره ، عن أحمد بن يونس ، كلاهما عن عبد الحميد بن بهرام ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الإمام أحمد أيضا عن الحسين بن محمد المروزي ، عن عبد الحميد ، بنحوه [ به ] . </b><br /><b> وقد رواه محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار : حدثني عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي حسين ، عن شهر بن حوشب ، فذكره مرسلا وزاد فيه : قالوا : فأخبرنا عن الروح قال : " أنشدكم بالله وبآياته [ ص: 337 ] عند بني إسرائيل ، هل تعلمون أنه جبريل ، وهو الذي يأتيني ؟ " قالوا : نعم ، ولكنه لنا عدو ، وهو ملك إنما يأتي بالشدة وسفك الدماء ، فلولا ذلك اتبعناك . فأنزل الله فيهم : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله ) إلى قوله : ( كأنهم لا يعلمون ) [ البقرة : 101 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا أبو أحمد حدثنا عبد الله بن الوليد العجلي ، عن بكير بن شهاب ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : أقبلت يهود إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا : يا أبا القاسم ، إنا نسألك عن خمسة أشياء ، فإن أنبأتنا بهن عرفنا أنك نبي واتبعناك . فأخذ عليهم ما أخذ إسرائيل على بنيه إذ قال : ( الله على ما نقول وكيل ) [ يوسف : 66 ] قال : " هاتوا " . قالوا : أخبرنا عن علامة النبي . قال : " تنام عيناه ولا ينام قلبه " . قالوا : أخبرنا كيف تؤنث المرأة وكيف يذكر الرجل ؟ قال : " يلتقي الماءان فإذا علا ماء الرجل ماء المرأة أذكرت ، وإذا علا ماء المرأة ماء الرجل أنثت " ، قالوا : أخبرنا ما حرم إسرائيل على نفسه . قال : " كان يشتكي عرق النساء ، فلم يجد شيئا يلائمه إلا ألبان كذا وكذا " قال أحمد : قال بعضهم : يعني الإبل " فحرم لحومها " قالوا : صدقت . قالوا : أخبرنا ما هذا الرعد ؟ قال " ملك من ملائكة الله ، عز وجل ، موكل بالسحاب بيديه أو في يده مخراق من نار يزجر به السحاب ، يسوقه حيث أمره الله عز وجل " . قالوا : فما هذا الصوت الذي نسمعه ؟ قال : " صوته " . قالوا : صدقت . إنما بقيت واحدة وهي التي نتابعك إن أخبرتنا ، إنه ليس من نبي إلا وله ملك يأتيه بالخبر ، فأخبرنا من صاحبك ؟ قال : " جبريل عليه السلام " ، قالوا : جبريل ، ذاك الذي ينزل بالحرب والقتال والعذاب عدونا ، لو قلت : ميكائيل الذي ينزل بالرحمة والنبات والقطر لكان . فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل ) إلى آخر الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الترمذي ، والنسائي من حديث عبد الله بن الوليد ، به . وقال الترمذي : حسن غريب . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سنيد في تفسيره ، عن حجاج بن محمد ، عن ابن جريج : أخبرني القاسم بن أبي بزة أن يهود سألوا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن صاحبه الذي ينزل عليه بالوحي . قال : " جبريل " . قالوا : فإنه لنا عدو ، ولا يأتي إلا بالشدة والحرب والقتال . فنزل : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل ) الآية . قال ابن جريج : وقال مجاهد : قالت يهود : يا محمد ، ما ينزل جبريل إلا بشدة وحرب وقتال ، وإنه لنا عدو . فنزل : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل ) الآية </b><br /><br /><b> وقال البخاري : قوله : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل ) قال عكرمة : جبر ، وميك ، وإسراف : عبد . وإيل : الله . حدثنا عبد الله بن منير سمع عبد الله بن بكر حدثنا حميد ، عن أنس بن مالك ، [ ص: 338 ] قال : سمع عبد الله بن سلام بمقدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو في أرض يخترف . فأتى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : إني سائلك عن ثلاث لا يعلمهن إلا نبي : ما أول أشراط الساعة ؟ وما أول طعام أهل الجنة ؟ وما ينزع الولد إلى أبيه أو إلى أمه ؟ قال : " أخبرني بهن جبريل آنفا " . قال : جبريل ؟ قال : " نعم " . قال : ذاك عدو اليهود من الملائكة ، فقرأ هذه الآية : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك ) " أما أول أشراط الساعة فنار تحشر الناس من المشرق إلى المغرب ، وأما أول طعام يأكله أهل الجنة فزيادة كبد الحوت ، وإذا سبق ماء الرجل ماء المرأة نزع الولد ، وإذا سبق ماء المرأة [ ماء الرجل ] نزعت " . قال : أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أنك رسول الله . يا رسول الله ، إن اليهود قوم بهت ، وإنهم إن يعلموا بإسلامي قبل أن تسألهم يبهتوني . فجاءت اليهود فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " أي رجل عبد الله بن سلام فيكم ؟ " قالوا : خيرنا وابن خيرنا ، وسيدنا وابن سيدنا . قال : " أرأيتم إن أسلم عبد الله بن سلام " . فقالوا : أعاذه الله من ذلك . فخرج عبد الله فقال : أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدا رسول الله . فقالوا : شرنا وابن شرنا . فانتقصوه . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : هذا الذي كنت أخاف يا رسول الله . </b><br /><br /><b> انفرد به البخاري من هذا الوجه وقد أخرجه من وجه آخر ، عن أنس بنحوه . وفي صحيح مسلم ، عن ثوبان مولى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قريب من هذا السياق كما سيأتي في موضعه . </b><br /><br /><b> وحكاية البخاري عن عكرمة هو المشهور أن " إيل " هو الله . وقد رواه سفيان الثوري ، عن خصيف ، عن عكرمة . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه عبد بن حميد ، عن إبراهيم بن الحكم ، عن أبيه ، عن عكرمة ، ورواه ابن جرير ، عن الحسين بن يزيد الطحان ، عن إسحاق بن منصور ، عن قيس ، عن عاصم ، عن عكرمة ، أنه قال : إن جبريل اسمه عبد الله وميكائيل : عبيد الله . إيل : الله . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه يزيد النحوي ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، مثله سواء . وكذا قال غير واحد من السلف ، كما سيأتي قريبا .</b><b>[ ص: 339 ] </b><br /><br /><b> [ وقال الإمام أحمد في أثناء حديث سمرة بن جندب : حدثنا محمد بن سلمة ، حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق ، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو بن عطاء قال : قال لي علي بن الحسين : اسم جبريل عبد الله ، واسم ميكائيل : عبيد الله ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ومن الناس من يقول : " إيل " عبارة عن عبد ، والكلمة الأخرى هي اسم الله ; لأن كلمة " إيل " لا تتغير في الجميع ، فوزانه : عبد الله ، عبد الرحمن ، عبد الملك ، عبد القدوس ، عبد السلام ، عبد الكافي ، عبد الجليل . فعبد موجودة في هذا كله ، واختلفت الأسماء المضاف إليها ، وكذلك جبريل وميكائيل وإسرافيل وعزرائيل ونحو ذلك ، وفي كلام غير العرب يقدمون المضاف إليه على المضاف ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال ابن جرير : وقال آخرون : بل كان سبب قيلهم ذلك من أجل مناظرة جرت بين عمر بن الخطاب وبينهم في أمر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . ذكر من قال ذلك : </b><br /><br /><b> حدثني محمد بن المثنى ، حدثني ربعي بن علية ، عن داود بن أبي هند ، عن الشعبي ، قال : نزل عمر الروحاء ، فرأى رجالا يبتدرون أحجارا يصلون إليها ، فقال : ما بال هؤلاء ؟ قالوا : يزعمون أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى هاهنا . قال : فكفر ذلك . وقال : إنما رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أدركته الصلاة بواد صلاها ثم ارتحل ، فتركه . ثم أنشأ يحدثهم ، فقال : كنت أشهد اليهود يوم مدراسهم فأعجب من التوراة كيف تصدق الفرقان ومن الفرقان كيف يصدق التوراة ؟ فبينما أنا عندهم ذات يوم ، قالوا : يا ابن الخطاب ، ما من أصحابك أحد أحب إلينا منك . قلت : ولم ذلك ؟ قالوا : إنك تغشانا وتأتينا . فقلت : إني آتيكم فأعجب من الفرقان كيف يصدق التوراة ، ومن التوراة كيف تصدق الفرقان . قال : ومر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا : يا ابن الخطاب ، ذاك صاحبكم فالحق به ، قال : فقلت لهم عند ذلك : نشدتكم بالله الذي لا إله إلا هو ، وما استرعاكم من حقه واستودعكم من كتابه : أتعلمون أنه رسول الله ؟ قال : فسكتوا . فقال لهم عالمهم وكبيرهم : إنه قد غلظ عليكم فأجيبوه . فقالوا : فأنت عالمنا وكبيرنا فأجبه أنت . قال : أما إذ نشدتنا بما نشدتنا به فإنا نعلم أنه رسول الله ، قال : قلت : ويحكم فأنى هلكتم ؟ ! قالوا : إنا لم نهلك [ قال ] : قلت : كيف ذلك وأنتم تعلمون أنه رسول الله [ ثم ] ولا تتبعونه ولا تصدقونه ؟ قالوا : إن لنا عدوا من الملائكة وسلما من الملائكة ، وإنه قرن بنبوته عدونا من الملائكة . قال : قلت : ومن عدوكم ومن سلمكم ؟ قالوا : عدونا جبريل ، وسلمنا ميكائيل . قال : قلت : وفيم عاديتم جبريل ، وفيم سالمتم ميكائيل ؟ قالوا : إن جبريل ملك الفظاظة والغلظة والإعسار والتشديد والعذاب ونحو هذا ، وإن ميكائيل ملك الرأفة والرحمة والتخفيف ونحو هذا .</b><b>[ ص: 340 ] </b><br /><br /><b> قال : قلت : وما منزلتهما من ربهما عز وجل ؟ قالوا : أحدهما عن يمينه والآخر عن يساره . قال : قلت : فو [ الله ] الذي لا إله إلا هو ، إنهما والذي بينهما لعدو لمن عاداهما وسلم لمن سالمهما وما ينبغي لجبريل أن يسالم عدو ميكائيل وما ينبغي لميكائيل أن يسالم عدو جبريل . ثم قمت فاتبعت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فلحقته وهو خارج من خوخة لبني فلان ، فقال : يا ابن الخطاب ، ألا أقرئك آيات نزلن قبل ؟ " فقرأ علي : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله مصدقا لما بين يديه ) حتى قرأ هذه الآيات . قال : قلت : بأبي وأمي يا رسول الله ، والذي بعثك بالحق لقد جئت وأنا أريد أن أخبرك ، فأسمع اللطيف الخبير قد سبقني إليك بالخبر . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو سعيد الأشج ، حدثنا أبو أسامة ، عن مجالد ، أنبأنا عامر ، قال : انطلق عمر بن الخطاب إلى اليهود ، فقال : أنشدكم بالذي أنزل التوراة على موسى : هل تجدون محمدا في كتبكم ؟ قالوا : نعم . قال : فما يمنعكم أن تتبعوه ؟ قالوا : إن الله لم يبعث رسولا إلا جعل له من الملائكة كفلا ، وإن جبريل كفل محمدا ، وهو الذي يأتيه ، وهو عدونا من الملائكة ، وميكائيل سلمنا ; لو كان ميكائيل هو الذي يأتيه أسلمنا . قال : فإني أنشدكم بالله الذي أنزل التوراة على موسى : ما منزلتهما من رب العالمين ؟ قالوا : جبريل عن يمينه وميكائيل عن شماله . قال عمر . وإني أشهد ما ينزلان إلا بإذن الله ، وما كان ميكائيل ليسالم عدو جبريل ، وما كان جبريل ليسالم عدو ميكائيل . فبينما هو عندهم إذ مر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا : هذا صاحبك يا ابن الخطاب : فقام إليه عمر ، فأتاه ، وقد أنزل الله ، عز وجل ، عليه : ( من كان عدوا لله وملائكته ورسله وجبريل وميكال فإن الله عدو للكافرين ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذان الإسنادان يدلان على أن الشعبي حدث به عن عمر ، ولكن فيه انقطاع بينه وبين عمر ، فإنه لم يدرك وفاته ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا بشر حدثنا يزيد بن زريع ، عن سعيد ، عن قتادة ، قال : ذكر لنا أن عمر بن الخطاب انطلق ذات يوم إلى اليهود . فلما أبصروه رحبوا به ، فقال لهم عمر : أما والله ما جئت لحبكم ولا للرغبة فيكم ، ولكن جئت لأسمع منكم . فسألهم وسألوه . فقالوا : من صاحب صاحبكم ؟ فقال لهم : جبريل . فقالوا : ذاك عدونا من أهل السماء ، يطلع محمدا على سرنا ، وإذا جاء جاء الحرب والسنة ، ولكن صاحب صاحبنا ميكائيل ، وكان إذا جاء جاء الخصب والسلم . فقال لهم عمر : هل تعرفون جبريل وتنكرون محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم ؟ ففارقهم عمر عند ذلك وتوجه نحو النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، [ ص: 341 ] ليحدثه حديثهم ، فوجده قد أنزلت عليه هذه الآية : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله ) . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال : حدثني المثنى ، حدثنا آدم ، حدثنا أبو جعفر عن قتادة ، قال : بلغنا أن عمر أقبل إلى اليهود يوما ، فذكر نحوه . وهذا أيضا منقطع ، وكذلك رواه أسباط ، عن السدي ، عن عمر مثل هذا أو نحوه ، وهو منقطع أيضا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا محمد بن عمار ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن يعني الدشتكي حدثنا أبو جعفر ، عن حصين بن عبد الرحمن ، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى أن يهوديا أتى عمر بن الخطاب ، فقال : إن جبريل الذي يذكر صاحبكم عدو لنا . فقال عمر : ( من كان عدوا لله وملائكته ورسله وجبريل وميكال فإن الله عدو للكافرين ) قال : فنزلت على لسان عمر ، رضي الله عنه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم ، حدثنا هشيم ، أخبرنا حصين بن عبد الرحمن ، عن ابن أبي ليلى في قوله : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل ) قال : قالت اليهود للمسلمين : لو أن ميكائيل كان الذي ينزل عليكم اتبعناكم ، فإنه ينزل بالرحمة والغيث ، وإن جبريل ينزل بالعذاب والنقمة ، فإنه لنا عدو . قال : فنزلت هذه الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> حدثني يعقوب قال : حدثنا هشيم ، أخبرنا عبد الملك ، عن عطاء ، بنحوه . وقال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا معمر ، عن قتادة في قوله : ( قل من كان عدوا لجبريل ) قال : قالت اليهود : إن جبريل عدونا ، لأنه ينزل بالشدة والسنة ، وإن ميكائيل ينزل بالرخاء والعافية والخصب ، فجبريل عدونا . فقال الله تعالى : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل ) [ الآية ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما تفسيرها فقوله تعالى :(قل من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله ) أي : من عادى جبريل فليعلم أنه الروح الأمين الذي نزل بالذكر الحكيم على قلبك من الله بإذنه له في ذلك ، فهو رسول من رسل الله ملكي[عليه وعلى سائر إخوانه من الملائكة السلام ] ومن عادى رسولا فقد عادى جميع الرسل ، كما أن من آمن برسول فإنه يلزمه الإيمان بجميع الرسل ، وكما أن من كفر برسول فإنه يلزمه الكفر بجميع الرسل ، كما قال تعالى : ( إن الذين يكفرون بالله ورسله ويريدون أن يفرقوا بين الله ورسله ويقولون نؤمن ببعض ونكفر ببعض ويريدون أن يتخذوا بين ذلك سبيلا أولئك هم الكافرون حقا وأعتدنا للكافرين عذابا مهينا ) [ النساء : 150 ،151 ]فحكم عليهم بالكفر المحقق ، إذ آمنوا ببعض الرسل وكفروا ببعضهم وكذلك من عادى جبريل فإنه عدو لله ; [ ص: 342 ] لأن جبريل لا ينزل بالأمر من تلقاء نفسه ، وإنما ينزل بأمر ربه كما قال : ( وما نتنزل إلا بأمر ربك له ما بين أيدينا وما خلفنا وما بين ذلك وما كان ربك نسيا ) [ مريم : 64 ] وقال تعالى : ( وإنه لتنزيل رب العالمين نزل به الروح الأمين على قلبك لتكون من المنذرين ) [ الشعراء : 192 - 194 ] وقد روى البخاري في صحيحه ، عن أبي هريرة ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من عادى لي وليا فقد بارزني بالحرب " . ولهذا غضب الله لجبريل على من عاداه ، فقال : ( من كان عدوا لجبريل فإنه نزله على قلبك بإذن الله مصدقا لما بين يديه ) أي : من الكتب المتقدمة ( وهدى وبشرى للمؤمنين ) أي : هدى لقلوبهم وبشرى لهم بالجنة ، وليس ذلك إلا للمؤمنين . كما قال تعالى : ( قل هو للذين آمنوا هدى وشفاء والذين لا يؤمنون في آذانهم وقر وهو عليهم عمى أولئك ينادون من مكان بعيد ) [ فصلت : 44 ] ، وقال تعالى : ( وننزل من القرآن ما هو شفاء ورحمة للمؤمنين ولا يزيد الظالمين إلا خسارا ) [ الإسراء : 82 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال تعالى : ( من كان عدوا لله وملائكته ورسله وجبريل وميكال فإن الله عدو للكافرين ) يقول تعالى : من عاداني وملائكتي ورسلي ، ورسله تشمل رسله من الملائكة والبشر ، كما قال تعالى : ( الله يصطفي من الملائكة رسلا ومن الناس ) [ الحج : 75 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ( وجبريل وميكال) وهذا من باب عطف الخاص على العام ، فإنهما دخلا في الملائكة ، ثم عموم الرسل ، ثم خصصا بالذكر ; لأن السياق في الانتصار لجبريل وهو السفير بين الله وأنبيائه ، وقرن معه ميكائيل في اللفظ ; لأن اليهود زعموا أن جبريل عدوهم وميكائيل وليهم ، فأعلمهم أنه من عادى واحدا منهما فقد عادى الآخر وعادى الله أيضا ; لأنه أيضا ينزل على الأنبياء بعض الأحيان ، كما قرن برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في ابتداء الأمر ، ولكن جبريل أكثر ، وهي وظيفته ، وميكائيل موكل بالقطر والنبات ، هذاك بالهدى وهذا بالرزق ، كما أن إسرافيل موكل بالصور للنفخ للبعث يوم القيامة ; ولهذا جاء في الصحيح : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا قام من الليل يقول " اللهم رب جبريل وإسرافيل وميكائيل ، فاطر السماوات والأرض ، عالم الغيب والشهادة ، أنت تحكم بين عبادك فيما كانوا فيه يختلفون ، اهدني لما اختلف فيه من الحق بإذنك ، إنك تهدي من تشاء إلى صراط مستقيم " . وقد تقدم ما حكاه البخاري ، ورواه ابن جرير عن عكرمة أنه قال : جبر ، وميك ، وإسراف : عبيد . وإيل : الله .</b><b>[ ص: 343 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أحمد بن سنان ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي ، عن سفيان ، عن الأعمش ، عن إسماعيل بن رجاء ، عن عمير مولى ابن عباس ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : إنما قوله : " جبريل " كقوله : " عبد الله " و " عبد الرحمن " . وقيل جبر : عبد . وإيل : الله . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن الزهري ، عن علي بن الحسين ، قال : أتدرون ما اسم جبرائيل من أسمائكم ؟ قلنا : لا . قال : اسمه عبد الله ، قال : فتدرون ما اسم ميكائيل من أسمائكم ؟ قلنا : لا . قال : اسمه عبيد الله . وكل اسم مرجعه إلى " يل " فهو إلى الله . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن مجاهد وعكرمة والضحاك ويحيى بن يعمر نحو ذلك . ثم قال : حدثني أبي ، حدثنا أحمد بن أبي الحواري ، حدثني عبد العزيز بن عمير قال : اسم جبريل في الملائكة خادم الله . قال : فحدثت به أبا سليمان الداراني ، فانتفض وقال : لهذا الحديث أحب إلي من كل شيء [ وكتبه ] في دفتر كان بين يديه . </b><br /><br /><b> وفي جبريل وميكائيل لغات وقراءات ، تذكر في كتب اللغة والقراءات ، ولم نطول كتابنا هذا بسرد ذلك إلا أن يدور فهم المعنى عليه ، أو يرجع الحكم في ذلك إليه ، وبالله الثقة ، وهو المستعان . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( فإن الله عدو للكافرين ) فيه إيقاع المظهر مكان المضمر حيث لم يقل : فإنه عدو للكافرين . قال : ( فإن الله عدو للكافرين ) كما قال الشاعر : </b><br /><b>لا أرى الموت يسبق الموت شيء نغص الموت ذا الغنى والفقيرا </b><br /><br /><b> وقال آخر : </b><br /><b>ليت الغراب غداة ينعب دائبا كان الغراب مقطع الأوداج </b><br /><br /><b> وإنما أظهر الاسم هاهنا لتقرير هذا المعنى وإظهاره ، وإعلامهم أن من عادى أولياء الله فقد عادى الله ، ومن عادى الله فإن الله عدو له ، ومن كان الله عدوه فقد خسر الدنيا والآخرة ، كما تقدم الحديث : " من عادى لي وليا فقد بارزني بالحرب " . وفي الحديث الآخر : " إني لأثأر لأوليائي كما يثأر الليث الحرب " . وفي الحديث الصحيح : " ومن كنت خصمه خصمته "</b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>[ ص: 344 ] </b></span><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><b>67</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0b5394;"><br /><b>( ولقد أنزلنا إليك آيات بينات وما يكفر بها إلا الفاسقون ( 99 ) أوكلما عاهدوا عهدا نبذه فريق منهم بل أكثرهم لا يؤمنون(100 )ولما جاءهم رسول من عند الله مصدق لما معهم نبذ فريق من الذين أوتوا الكتاب كتاب الله وراء ظهورهم كأنهم لا يعلمون( 101 )واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر وما أنزل على الملكين ببابل هاروت وماروت وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر فيتعلمون منهما ما يفرقون به بين المرء وزوجه وما هم بضارين به من أحد إلا بإذن الله ويتعلمون ما يضرهم ولا ينفعهم ولقد علموا لمن اشتراه ما له في الآخرة من خلاق ولبئس ما شروا به أنفسهم لو كانوا يعلمون ( 102 ) ولو أنهم آمنوا واتقوا لمثوبة من عند الله خير لو كانوا يعلمون ( 103 )</b></span></span><br /><b> قال الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير في قوله تعالى : ( ولقد أنزلنا إليك آيات بينات ) أي : أنزلنا إليك يا محمد علامات واضحات [ دلالات ] على نبوتك ، وتلك الآيات هي ما حواه كتاب الله من خفايا علوم اليهود ، ومكنونات سرائر أخبارهم ، وأخبار أوائلهم من بني إسرائيل ، والنبأ عما تضمنته كتبهم التي لم يكن يعلمها إلا أحبارهم وعلماؤهم ، وما حرفه أوائلهم وأواخرهم وبدلوه من أحكامهم ، التي كانت في التوراة . فأطلع الله في كتابه الذي أنزله إلى نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ; فكان في ذلك من أمره الآيات البينات لمن أنصف نفسه ، ولم يدعه إلى هلاكها الحسد والبغي ، إذ كان في فطرة كل ذي فطرة صحيحة تصديق من أتى بمثل ما جاء به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم من الآيات البينات التي وصف ، من غير تعلم تعلمه من بشري ولا أخذ شيئا منه عن آدمي . كما قال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس : ( ولقد أنزلنا إليك آيات بينات ) يقول : فأنت تتلوه عليهم وتخبرهم به غدوة وعشية ، وبين ذلك ، وأنت عندهم أمي لا تقرأ كتابا ، وأنت تخبرهم بما في أيديهم على وجهه . يقول الله : في ذلك لهم عبرة وبيان ، وعليهم حجة لو كانوا يعلمون . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال ابن صوريا الفطيوني لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : يا محمد ، ما جئتنا بشيء نعرفه ، وما أنزل الله عليك من آية بينة فنتبعك . فأنزل الله في ذلك من قوله : ( ولقد أنزلنا إليك آيات بينات وما يكفر بها إلا الفاسقون )</b><b>[ ص: 345 ] </b><br /><br /><b>وقال مالك بن الصيف حين بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وذكرهم ما أخذ عليهم من الميثاق ، وما عهد إليهم في محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : والله ما عهد إلينا في محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا أخذ [ له ] علينا ميثاقا . فأنزل الله : ( أوكلما عاهدوا عهدا نبذه فريق منهم ) </b><br /><br /><b>وقال الحسن البصري في قوله : ( بل أكثرهم لا يؤمنون ) قال : نعم ، ليس في الأرض عهد يعاهدون عليه إلا نقضوه ونبذوه ، يعاهدون اليوم ، وينقضون غدا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال السدي : لا يؤمنون بما جاء به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . وقال قتادة : ( نبذه فريق منهم ) أي : نقضه فريق منهم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : أصل النبذ : الطرح والإلقاء ، ومنه سمي اللقيط : منبوذا ، ومنه سمي النبيذ ، وهو التمر والزبيب إذا طرحا في الماء . قال أبو الأسود الدؤلي : </b><b>نظرت إلى عنوانه فنبذته كنبذك نعلا أخلقت من نعالكا قلت : فالقوم ذمهم الله بنبذهم العهود التي تقدم الله إليهم في التمسك بها والقيام بحقها . ولهذا أعقبهم ذلك التكذيب بالرسول المبعوث إليهم وإلى الناس كافة ، الذي في كتبهم نعته وصفته وأخباره ، وقد أمروا فيها باتباعه ومؤازرته ومناصرته ، كما قال : ( الذين يتبعون الرسول النبي الأمي الذي يجدونه مكتوبا عندهم في التوراة والإنجيل ) الآية [ الأعراف : 157 ] ، وقال هاهنا : ( ولما جاءهم رسول من عند الله مصدق لما معهم نبذ فريق من الذين أوتوا الكتاب كتاب الله وراء ظهورهم كأنهم لا يعلمون ) أي : اطرح طائفة منهم كتاب الله الذي بأيديهم ، مما فيه البشارة بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وراء ظهورهم ، أي : تركوها ، كأنهم لا يعلمون ما فيها ، وأقبلوا على تعلم السحر واتباعه . ولهذا أرادوا كيدا برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وسحروه في مشط ومشاطة وجف طلعة ذكر ، تحت راعوثة بئر ذي أروان . وكان الذي تولى ذلك منهم رجل ، يقال له : لبيد بن الأعصم ، لعنه الله ، فأطلع الله على ذلك رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وشفاه منه وأنقذه ، كما ثبت ذلك مبسوطا في الصحيحين عن عائشة أم المؤمنين ، رضي الله عنها ، كما سيأتي بيانه . قال السدي : ( ولما جاءهم رسول من عند الله مصدق لما معهم ) قال : لما جاءهم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم عارضوه بالتوراة فخاصموه بها ، فاتفقت التوراة والقرآن ، فنبذوا التوراة وأخذوا بكتاب آصف وسحر هاروت وماروت ، فلم يوافق القرآن ، فذلك قوله : ( كأنهم لا يعلمون ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال قتادة في قوله : ( كأنهم لا يعلمون ) قال : إن القوم كانوا يعلمون ، ولكنهم نبذوا علمهم ، وكتموه وجحدوا به </b><span style="font-size: large;"><b>[ ص: 346 ] </b></span><br /><br /><b> وقال العوفي في تفسيره ، عن ابن عباس في قوله تعالى : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) وكان حين ذهب ملك سليمان ارتد فئام من الجن والإنس واتبعوا الشهوات ، فلما رجع الله إلى سليمان ملكه ، وقام الناس على الدين كما كان أوان سليمان ، ظهر على كتبهم فدفنها تحت كرسيه ، وتوفي سليمان ، عليه السلام ، حدثان ذلك ، فظهر الإنس والجن على الكتب بعد وفاة سليمان ، وقالوا : هذا كتاب من الله نزل على سليمان وأخفاه عنا فأخذوا به فجعلوه دينا . فأنزل الله : ( ولما جاءهم رسول من عند الله مصدق لما معهم نبذ فريق من الذين أوتوا الكتاب كتاب الله وراء ظهورهم كأنهم لا يعلمون ) واتبعوا الشهوات ، [ أي ] : التي كانت [ تتلو الشياطين ] وهي المعازف واللعب وكل شيء يصد عن ذكر الله . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو سعيد الأشج ، حدثنا أبو أسامة ، عن الأعمش ، عن المنهال ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : كان آصف كاتب سليمان ، وكان يعلم الاسم " الأعظم " ، وكان يكتب كل شيء بأمر سليمان ويدفنه تحت كرسيه ، فلما مات سليمان أخرجه الشياطين ، فكتبوا بين كل سطرين سحرا وكفرا ، وقالوا : هذا الذي كان سليمان يعمل بها . قال : فأكفره جهال الناس وسبوه ، ووقف علماؤهم فلم يزل جهالهم يسبونه ، حتى أنزل الله على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثني أبو السائب سلم بن جنادة السوائي ، حدثنا أبو معاوية ، حدثنا عن الأعمش ، عن المنهال ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : كان سليمان ، عليه السلام ، إذا أراد أن يدخل الخلاء ، أو يأتي شيئا من نسائه ، أعطى الجرادة وهي امرأة خاتمه . فلما أراد الله أن يبتلي سليمان ، عليه السلام ، بالذي ابتلاه به ، أعطى الجرادة ذات يوم خاتمه ، فجاء الشيطان في صورة سليمان فقال لها : هاتي خاتمي . فأخذه فلبسه . فلما لبسه دانت له الشياطين والجن والإنس . قال : فجاءها سليمان ، فقال : هاتي خاتمي فقالت : كذبت ، لست سليمان . قال : فعرف سليمان أنه بلاء ابتلي به . قال : فانطلقت الشياطين فكتبت في تلك الأيام كتبا فيها سحر وكفر . ثم دفنوها تحت كرسي سليمان ، ثم أخرجوها وقرؤوها على الناس ، وقالوا : إنما كان سليمان يغلب الناس بهذه الكتب . قال : فبرئ الناس من سليمان ، عليه السلام ، وأكفروه حتى بعث الله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنزل عليه : ( وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال ابن جرير : حدثنا ابن حميد ، حدثنا جرير ، عن حصين بن عبد الرحمن ، عن عمران ، [ ص: 347 ] وهو ابن الحارث قال : بينا نحن عند ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما إذ جاء رجل فقال له : من أين جئت ؟ قال : من العراق . قال : من أيه ؟ قال : من الكوفة . قال : فما الخبر ؟ قال : تركتهم يتحدثون أن عليا خارج إليهم . ففزع ثم قال : ما تقول ؟ لا أبا لك ! لو شعرنا ما نكحنا نساءه ، ولا قسمنا ميراثه ، أما إني سأحدثكم عن ذلك : إنه كانت الشياطين يسترقون السمع من السماء ، فيجيء أحدهم بكلمة حق قد سمعها ، فإذا جرب منه صدق كذب معها سبعين كذبة ، قال : فتشربها قلوب الناس . فأطلع الله عليها سليمان . عليه السلام ، فدفنها تحت كرسيه . فلما توفي سليمان ، عليه السلام ، قام شيطان الطريق ، فقال : أفلا أدلكم على كنزه الممنع الذي لا كنز له مثله ؟ تحت الكرسي . فأخرجوه ، فقالوا هذا سحره ، فتناسخها الأمم حتى بقاياها ما يتحدث به أهل العراق وأنزل الله عز وجل ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الحاكم في مستدركه ، عن أبي زكريا العنبري ، عن محمد بن عبد السلام ، عن إسحاق بن إبراهيم ، عن جرير ، به . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي في قوله تعالى : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) أي : على عهد سليمان . قال : كانت الشياطين تصعد إلى السماء ، فتقعد منها مقاعد للسمع ، فيستمعون من كلام الملائكة مما يكون في الأرض من موت أو غيب أو أمر ، فيأتون الكهنة فيخبرونهم . فتحدث الكهنة الناس فيجدونه كما قالوا . حتى إذا أمنتهم الكهنة كذبوا لهم . وأدخلوا فيه غيره ، فزادوا مع كل كلمة سبعين كلمة ، فاكتتب الناس ذلك الحديث في الكتب ، وفشا في بني إسرائيل أن الجن تعلم الغيب . فبعث سليمان في الناس فجمع تلك الكتب فجعلها في صندوق . ثم دفنها تحت كرسيه . ولم يكن أحد من الشياطين يستطيع أن يدنو من الكرسي إلا احترق . وقال : لا أسمع أحدا يذكر أن الشياطين يعلمون الغيب إلا ضربت عنقه . فلما مات سليمان ، عليه السلام ، وذهبت العلماء الذين كانوا يعرفون أمر سليمان ، وخلف من بعد ذلك خلف تمثل شيطان في صورة إنسان ، ثم أتى نفرا من بني إسرائيل ، فقال لهم : هل أدلكم على كنز لا تأكلونه أبدا ؟ قالوا : نعم . قال : فاحفروا تحت الكرسي . وذهب معهم وأراهم المكان ، وقام ناحية ، فقالوا له : فادن . قال لا ولكنني هاهنا في أيديكم ، فإن لم تجدوه فاقتلوني . فحفروا فوجدوا تلك الكتب . فلما أخرجوها قال الشيطان : إن سليمان إنما كان يضبط الإنس والشياطين والطير بهذا السحر . ثم طار وذهب . وفشا في الناس أن سليمان كان [ ص: 348 ] ساحرا . واتخذت بنو إسرائيل تلك الكتب ، فلما جاء محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم خاصموه بها ; فذلك حين يقول الله تعالى : ( وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) </b><br /><br /><b>وقال الربيع بن أنس : إن اليهود سألوا محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم زمانا عن أمور من التوراة ، لا يسألونه عن شيء من ذلك إلا أنزل الله تعالى عليه ما سألوه عنه ، فيخصمهم ، فلما رأوا ذلك قالوا : هذا أعلم بما أنزل الله إلينا منا . وإنهم سألوه عن السحر وخاصموه به ، فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر ) وإن الشياطين عمدوا إلى كتاب فكتبوا فيه السحر والكهانة وما شاء الله من ذلك ، فدفنوه تحت مجلس سليمان ، وكان [ سليمان ] عليه السلام ، لا يعلم الغيب . فلما فارق سليمان الدنيا استخرجوا ذلك السحر وخدعوا الناس ، وقالوا : هذا علم كان سليمان يكتمه ويحسد الناس عليه . فأخبرهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بهذا الحديث فرجعوا من عنده وقد حزنوا ، وأدحض الله حجتهم . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال مجاهد في قوله : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) قال : كانت الشياطين تستمع الوحي فما سمعوا من كلمة [ إلا ] زادوا فيها مائتين مثلها . فأرسل سليمان ، عليه السلام ، إلى ما كتبوا من ذلك . فلما توفي سليمان وجدته الشياطين فعلمته الناس [ به ] وهو السحر . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال سعيد بن جبير : كان سليمان ، عليه السلام ، يتتبع ما في أيدي الشياطين من السحر فيأخذه منهم ، فيدفنه تحت كرسيه في بيت خزانته ، فلم يقدر الشياطين أن يصلوا إليه ، فدبت إلى الإنس ، فقالوا لهم : أتدرون ما العلم الذي كان سليمان يسخر به الشياطين والرياح وغير ذلك ؟ قالوا : نعم . قالوا : فإنه في بيت خزانته وتحت كرسيه . فاستثار به الإنس واستخرجوه فعملوا بها . فقال أهل الحجا : كان سليمان يعمل بهذا وهذا سحر . فأنزل الله تعالى على [ لسان ] نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم براءة سليمان عليه السلام ، فقال : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) </b><br /><br /><b>وقال محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار عمدت الشياطين حين عرفت موت سليمان بن داود ، عليه السلام فكتبوا أصناف السحر : " من كان يحب أن يبلغ كذا وكذا فليقل كذا وكذا " . حتى إذا صنفوا أصناف السحر جعلوه في كتاب . ثم ختموا بخاتم على نقش خاتم سليمان ، وكتبوا في [ص: 349 ] عنوانه : " هذا ما كتب آصف بن برخيا الصديق للملك سليمان بن داود ، عليهما السلام من ذخائر كنوز العلم " . ثم دفنوه تحت كرسيه واستخرجته بعد ذلك بقايا بني إسرائيل حتى أحدثوا ما أحدثوا . فلما عثروا عليه قالوا : والله ما كان سليمان بن داود إلا بهذا . فأفشوا السحر في الناس [ وتعلموه وعلموه ].وليس هو في أحد أكثر منه في اليهود لعنهم الله . فلما ذكر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيما نزل عليه من الله ، سليمان بن داود ، وعده فيمن عده من المرسلين ، قال من كان بالمدينة من يهود : ألا تعجبون من محمد ! يزعم أن ابن داود كان نبيا ، والله ما كان إلا ساحرا . وأنزل الله [ في ] ذلك من قولهم : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا ) الآية </b><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا القاسم ، حدثنا حسين ، حدثنا الحجاج عن أبي بكر ، عن شهر بن حوشب ، قال : لما سلب سليمان ، عليه السلام ، ملكه ، كانت الشياطين تكتب السحر في غيبة سليمان . فكتبت : " من أراد أن يأتي كذا وكذا فليستقبل الشمس ، وليقل كذا وكذا ، ومن أراد أن يفعل كذا وكذا فليستدبر الشمس وليقل كذا وكذا . فكتبته وجعلت عنوانه : هذا ما كتب آصف بن برخيا للملك سليمان [ بن داود ] من ذخائر كنوز العلم " . ثم دفنته تحت كرسيه . فلما مات سليمان ، عليه السلام ، قام إبليس ، لعنه الله ، خطيبا ، [ ثم ] قال : يا أيها الناس ، إن سليمان لم يكن نبيا ، إنما كان ساحرا ، فالتمسوا سحره في متاعه وبيوته . ثم دلهم على المكان الذي دفن فيه . فقالوا : والله لقد كان سليمان ساحرا ! هذا سحره ، بهذا تعبدنا ، وبهذا قهرنا . وقال المؤمنون : بل كان نبيا مؤمنا . فلما بعث الله النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم جعل يذكر الأنبياء حتى ذكر داود وسليمان . فقالت اليهود [ لعنهم الله ] انظروا إلى محمد يخلط الحق بالباطل . يذكر سليمان مع الأنبياء . إنما كان ساحرا يركب الريح ، فأنزل الله تعالى : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى الصنعاني ، قال : حدثنا المعتمر بن سليمان ، قال : سمعت عمران بن حدير ، عن أبي مجلز ، قال : أخذ سليمان ، عليه السلام ، من كل دابة عهدا ، فإذا أصيب رجل فسأل بذلك العهد ، خلى عنه . فزاد الناس السجع والسحر ، وقالوا : هذا يعمل به [ ص: 350 ] سليمان . فقال الله تعالى : ( وما كفر سليمان ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا عصام بن رواد ، حدثنا آدم ، حدثنا المسعودي ، عن زياد مولى ابن مصعب ، عن الحسن : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين ) قال : ثلث الشعر ، وثلث السحر ، وثلث الكهانة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال : حدثنا الحسن بن أحمد ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد الله بن بشار الواسطي ، حدثني سرور بن المغيرة ، عن عباد بن منصور ، عن الحسن : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) واتبعته اليهود على ملكه . وكان السحر قبل ذلك في الأرض لم يزل بها ، ولكنه إنما اتبع على ملك سليمان . </b><br /><br /><b> فهذه نبذة من أقوال أئمة السلف في هذا المقام ، ولا يخفى ملخص القصة والجمع بين أطرافها ، وأنه لا تعارض بين السياقات على اللبيب الفهم ، والله الهادي . وقوله تعالى : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) أي : واتبعت اليهود الذين أوتوا الكتاب بعد إعراضهم عن كتاب الله الذي بأيديهم ومخالفتهم الرسول محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم ما تتلوه الشياطين ، أي : ما ترويه وتخبر به وتحدثه الشياطين على ملك سليمان . وعداه ب على ; لأنه تضمن تتلو : تكذب . وقال ابن جرير : " على " هاهنا بمعنى " في " ، أي : تتلو في ملك سليمان . ونقله عن ابن جريج ، وابن إسحاق . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : والتضمن أحسن وأولى ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقول الحسن البصري ، رحمه الله : " قد كان السحر قبل زمان سليمان بن داود " صحيح لا شك فيه ; لأن السحرة كانوا في زمان موسى ، عليه السلام ، وسليمان بن داود بعده ، كما قال تعالى : ( ألم تر إلى الملأ من بني إسرائيل من بعد موسى إذ قالوا لنبي لهم ابعث لنا ملكا نقاتل في سبيل الله ) الآية [البقرة:246] ، ثم ذكر القصة بعدها ، وفيها : ( وقتل داود جالوت وآتاه الله الملك والحكمة ) [ البقرة : 251 ] . وقال قوم صالح وهم قبل إبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام ، لنبيهم صالح : ( إنما أنت من المسحرين ) [ الشعراء : 153 ] أي : [ من ] المسحورين على المشهور . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ببابل هاروت وماروت وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر فيتعلمون منهما ما يفرقون به بين المرء وزوجه ) اختلف الناس في هذا المقام ، فذهب بعضهم إلى أن " ما " نافية ، أعني التي في قوله : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) قال القرطبي : " ما " نافية ومعطوفة على قوله : ( وما كفر سليمان ) ثم قال : ( ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر وما أنزل ) أي : السحر ( على الملكين ) وذلك أن اليهود لعنهم الله كانوا يزعمون أنه نزل [ ص: 351 ] به جبريل وميكائيل فأكذبهم الله في ذلك وجعل قوله : ( هاروت وماروت ) بدلا من : ( الشياطين ) قال : وصح ذلك ، إما لأن الجمع قد يطلق على الاثنين كما في قوله : ( فإن كان له إخوة ) [ النساء : 11 ] أو يكون لهما أتباع ، أو ذكرا من بينهم لتمردهما ، فتقدير الكلام عنده : تعلمون الناس السحر ببابل ، هاروت وماروت . ثم قال : وهذا أولى ما حملت عليه الآية وأصح ولا يلتفت إلى ما سواه . </b><br /><br /><b> وروى ابن جرير بإسناده من طريق العوفي ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ببابل هاروت وماروت ) يقول : لم ينزل الله السحر . وبإسناده ، عن الربيع بن أنس ، في قوله : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) قال : ما أنزل الله عليهما السحر . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : فتأويل الآية على هذا : واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان من السحر ، وما كفر سليمان ، ولا أنزل الله السحر على الملكين ، ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر ببابل ، هاروت وماروت . فيكون قوله : ( ببابل هاروت [ وماروت ] ) من المؤخر الذي معناه المقدم . قال : فإن قال لنا قائل : وكيف وجه تقديم ذلك ؟ قيل : وجه تقديمه أن يقال : ( واتبعوا ما تتلو الشياطين على ملك سليمان ) " من السحر " ( وما كفر سليمان ) وما أنزل الله " السحر " على الملكين ، ( ولكن الشياطين كفروا يعلمون الناس السحر ) ببابل وهاروت وماروت فيكون معنيا بالملكين : جبريل وميكائيل ، عليهما السلام ; لأن سحرة اليهود فيما ذكر كانت تزعم أن الله أنزل السحر على لسان جبريل وميكائيل إلى سليمان بن داود ، فأكذبهم الله بذلك ، وأخبر نبيه محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم أن جبريل وميكائيل لم ينزلا بسحر ، وبرأ سليمان ، عليه السلام ، مما نحلوه من السحر ، وأخبرهم أن السحر من عمل الشياطين ، وأنها تعلم الناس ذلك ببابل ، وأن الذين يعلمونهم ذلك رجلان ، اسم أحدهما هاروت ، واسم الآخر ماروت ، فيكون هاروت وماروت على هذا التأويل ترجمة عن الناس ، وردا عليهم .</b><b>هذا لفظه بحروفه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثت عن عبيد الله بن موسى ، أخبرنا فضيل بن مرزوق ، عن عطية ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) قال : ما أنزل الله على جبريل وميكائيل السحر . </b><br /><br /><b> حدثنا الفضل بن شاذان ، حدثنا محمد بن عيسى ، حدثنا يعلى يعني ابن أسد حدثنا بكر يعني ابن مصعب حدثنا الحسن بن أبي جعفر : أن عبد الرحمن بن أبزى كان يقرؤها : " وما أنزل على الملكين داود وسليمان " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو العالية : لم ينزل عليهما السحر ، يقول : علما الإيمان والكفر ، فالسحر من الكفر ، فهما ينهيان عنه أشد النهي . رواه ابن أبي حاتم .</b><b>[ ص: 352 ] </b><br /><br /><b> ثم شرع ابن جرير في رد هذا القول ، وأن " ما " بمعنى الذي ، وأطال القول في ذلك ، وادعى أن هاروت وماروت ملكان أنزلهما الله إلى الأرض ، وأذن لهما في تعليم السحر اختبارا لعباده وامتحانا ، بعد أن بين لعباده أن ذلك مما ينهى عنه على ألسنة الرسل ، وادعى أن هاروت وماروت مطيعان في تعليم ذلك ; لأنهما امتثلا ما أمرا به . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا الذي سلكه غريب جدا ! وأغرب منه قول من زعم أن هاروت وماروت قبيلان من الجن [ كما زعمه ابن حزم ] ! </b><br /><br /><b> وروى ابن أبي حاتم بإسناده . عن الضحاك بن مزاحم : أنه كان يقرؤها : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) ويقول : هما علجان من أهل بابل . </b><br /><br /><b> ووجه أصحاب هذا القول الإنزال بمعنى الخلق ، لا بمعنى الإيحاء ، في قوله : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) كما قال تعالى : ( وأنزل لكم من الأنعام ثمانية أزواج ) [ الزمر : 6 ] ،(وأنزلنا الحديد فيه بأس شديد ) [ الحديد : 25 ] ، ( وينزل لكم من السماء رزقا ) [ غافر : 13 ] . وفي الحديث : " ما أنزل الله داء إلا أنزل له دواء " . وكما يقال : أنزل الله الخير والشر . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وحكى القرطبي عن ابن عباس وابن أبزى والضحاك والحسن البصري : أنهم قرءوا : " وما أنزل على الملكين " بكسر اللام . قال ابن أبزى : وهما داود وسليمان . قال القرطبي : فعلى هذا تكون " ما " نافية أيضا ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وذهب آخرون إلى الوقف على قوله : ( يعلمون الناس السحر ) [ و " ما " نافية ] قال ابن جرير : حدثني يونس ، أخبرنا ابن وهب ، أخبرنا الليث ، عن يحيى بن سعيد ، عن القاسم بن محمد ، وسأله رجل عن قول الله تعالى : ( يعلمون الناس السحر وما أنزل على الملكين ببابل هاروت وماروت ) قال الرجل : يعلمان الناس السحر ، ما أنزل عليهما أو يعلمان الناس ما لم ينزل عليهما ؟ فقال القاسم : ما أبالي أيتهما كانت . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم روي عن يونس ، عن أنس بن عياض ، عن بعض أصحابه : أن القاسم قال في هذه القصة : لا أبالي أي ذلك كان ، إني آمنت به . </b><br /><br /><b> وذهب كثير من السلف إلى أنهما كانا ملكين من السماء ، وأنهما أنزلا إلى الأرض ، فكان من أمرهما ما كان . وقد ورد في ذلك حديث مرفوع رواه الإمام أحمد في مسنده كما سنورده إن شاء الله تعالى . وعلى هذا فيكون الجمع بين هذا وبين ما ثبت من الدلائل على عصمة الملائكة أن هذين سبق في علم الله لهما هذا ، فيكون تخصيصا لهما ، فلا تعارض حينئذ ، كما سبق في علمه من أمر إبليس [ ص: 353 ] ما سبق ، وفي قول : إنه كان من الملائكة ، لقوله تعالى : ( وإذ قلنا للملائكة اسجدوا لآدم فسجدوا إلا إبليس أبى ) [ طه : 116 ] ،إلى غير ذلك من الآيات الدالة على ذلك . مع أن شأن هاروت وماروت على ما ذكر أخف مما وقع من إبليس لعنه الله . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وقد حكاه القرطبي عن علي ، وابن مسعود ، وابن عباس ، وابن عمر ، وكعب الأحبار ، والسدي ، والكلبي ] . </b><br /><br /><b> ذكر الحديث الوارد في ذلك إن صح سنده ورفعه وبيان الكلام عليه :</b><b>قال الإمام أحمد بن حنبل ، رحمه الله ، في مسنده : حدثنا يحيى بن [ أبي ] بكير ، حدثنا زهير بن محمد ، عن موسى بن جبير ، عن نافع ، عن عبد الله بن عمر : أنه سمع نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " إن آدم عليه السلام لما أهبطه الله إلى الأرض قالت الملائكة : أي رب ( أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء ونحن نسبح بحمدك ونقدس لك قال إني أعلم ما لا تعلمون ) [ البقرة : 30 ] ، قالوا : ربنا ، نحن أطوع لك من بني آدم . قال الله تعالى للملائكة : هلموا ملكين من الملائكة حتى نهبطهما إلى الأرض ، فننظر كيف يعملان ؟ قالوا : بربنا ، هاروت وماروت . فأهبطا إلى الأرض ومثلت لهما الزهرة امرأة من أحسن البشر ، فجاءتهما ، فسألاها نفسها . فقالت : لا والله حتى تتكلما بهذه الكلمة من الإشراك . فقالا : والله لا نشرك بالله شيئا أبدا . فذهبت عنهما ثم رجعت بصبي تحمله ، فسألاها نفسها . فقالت : لا والله حتى تقتلا هذا الصبي . فقالا لا والله لا نقتله أبدا . ثم ذهبت فرجعت بقدح خمر تحمله ، فسألاها نفسها . فقالت : لا والله حتى تشربا هذا الخمر . فشربا فسكرا ، فوقعا عليها ، وقتلا الصبي . فلما أفاقا قالت المرأة : والله ما تركتما شيئا أبيتماه علي إلا قد فعلتماه حين سكرتما . فخيرا بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، فاختارا عذاب الدنيا " . </b><br /><br /><b> وهكذا رواه أبو حاتم بن حبان في صحيحه ، عن الحسن عن سفيان ، عن أبي بكر بن أبي شيبة ، عن يحيى بن بكير ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا حديث غريب من هذا الوجه ، ورجاله كلهم ثقات من رجال الصحيحين ، إلا موسى بن جبير هذا ، وهو الأنصاري السلمي مولاهم المديني الحذاء ، روى عن ابن عباس وأبي أمامة بن سهل بن حنيف ، ونافع ، وعبد الله بن كعب بن مالك . وروى عنه ابنه عبد السلام ، وبكر بن مضر ، وزهير بن محمد ، وسعيد بن سلمة ، وعبد الله بن لهيعة ، وعمرو بن الحارث ، ويحيى بن أيوب . وروى له أبو داود ، وابن ماجه ، وذكره ابن أبي حاتم في كتاب الجرح والتعديل ، ولم يحك فيه شيئا [ ص: 354 ] من هذا ولا هذا ، فهو مستور الحال وقد تفرد به عن نافع مولى ابن عمر ، عن ابن عمر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . وروي له متابع من وجه آخر عن نافع ، كما قال ابن مردويه : حدثنا دعلج بن أحمد ، حدثنا هشام [ بن علي بن هشام ] حدثنا عبد الله بن رجاء ، حدثنا سعيد بن سلمة ، حدثنا موسى بن سرجس ، عن نافع ، عن ابن عمر : سمع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول . فذكره بطوله . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو جعفر بن جرير : حدثنا القاسم ، حدثنا الحسين وهو سنيد بن داود صاحب التفسير حدثنا الفرج بن فضالة ، عن معاوية بن صالح ، عن نافع ، قال : سافرت مع ابن عمر ، فلما كان من آخر الليل قال : يا نافع ، انظر ، طلعت الحمراء ؟ قلت : لا مرتين أو ثلاثا ثم قلت : قد طلعت . قال : لا مرحبا بها ولا أهلا ؟ قلت : سبحان الله ! نجم مسخر سامع مطيع . قال : ما قلت لك إلا ما سمعت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أو قال : قال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن الملائكة قالت : يا رب ، كيف صبرك على بني آدم في الخطايا والذنوب ؟ قال : إني ابتليتهم وعافيتكم . قالوا : لو كنا مكانهم ما عصيناك . قال : فاختاروا ملكين منكم . قال : فلم يألوا جهدا أن يختاروا ، فاختاروا هاروت وماروت " . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذان أيضا غريبان جدا . وأقرب ما في هذا أنه من رواية عبد الله بن عمر ، عن كعب الأحبار ، لا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، كما قال عبد الرزاق في تفسيره ، عن الثوري ، عن موسى بن عقبة ، عن سالم ، عن ابن عمر ، عن كعب ، قال ذكرت الملائكة أعمال بني آدم ، وما يأتون من الذنوب ، فقيل لهم : اختاروا منكم اثنين ، فاختاروا هاروت وماروت . فقال لهما : إني أرسل إلى بني آدم رسلا وليس بيني وبينكم رسول ، انزلا لا تشركا بي شيئا ولا تزنيا ولا تشربا الخمر . قال كعب : فوالله ما أمسيا من يومهما الذي أهبطا فيه حتى استكملا جميع ما نهيا عنه . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن جرير من طريقين ، عن عبد الرزاق ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن أبي حاتم ، عن أحمد بن عصام ، عن مؤمل ، عن سفيان الثوري ، به . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن جرير أيضا : حدثني المثنى ، حدثنا المعلى وهو ابن أسد حدثنا عبد العزيز بن المختار ، عن موسى بن عقبة ، حدثني سالم أنه سمع عبد الله يحدث ، عن كعب الأحبار ، فذكره . </b><br /><br /><b> فهذا أصح وأثبت إلى عبد الله بن عمر من الإسنادين المتقدمين ، وسالم أثبت في أبيه من مولاه [ ص: 355 ] نافع . فدار الحديث ورجع إلى نقل كعب الأحبار ، عن كتب بني إسرائيل ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> ذكر الآثار الواردة في ذلك عن الصحابة والتابعين رضي الله عنهم أجمعين : </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : حدثني المثنى ، حدثنا الحجاج حدثنا حماد ، عن خالد الحذاء ، عن عمير بن سعيد ، قال : سمعت عليا ، رضي الله عنه ، يقول : كانت الزهرة امرأة جميلة من أهل فارس ، وإنها خاصمت إلى الملكين هاروت وماروت ، فراوداها عن نفسها ، فأبت عليهما إلا أن يعلماها الكلام الذي إذا تكلم [ المتكلم ] به يعرج به إلى السماء . فعلماها فتكلمت به فعرجت إلى السماء . فمسخت كوكبا ! </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا الإسناد [ جيد و ] رجاله ثقات ، وهو غريب جدا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا الفضل بن شاذان ، حدثنا محمد بن عيسى ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن موسى ، حدثنا أبو معاوية ، عن [ ابن أبي ] خالد ، عن عمير بن سعيد ، عن علي قال : هما ملكان من ملائكة السماء . يعني : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ) . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه في تفسيره بسنده ، عن مغيث ، عن مولاه جعفر بن محمد ، عن أبيه ، عن جده ، عن علي مرفوعا . وهذا لا يثبت من هذا الوجه . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم رواه من طريقين آخرين ، عن جابر ، عن أبي الطفيل ، عن علي ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " لعن الله الزهرة ، فإنها هي التي فتنت الملكين هاروت وماروت " . وهذا أيضا لا يصح وهو منكر جدا . والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثني المثنى بن إبراهيم ، حدثنا الحجاج بن منهال ، حدثنا حماد ، عن علي بن زيد ، عن أبي عثمان النهدي ، عن ابن مسعود وابن عباس أنهما قالا جميعا : لما كثر بنو آدم وعصوا ، دعت الملائكة عليهم والأرض والجبال ربنا لا تهلكهم ، فأوحى الله إلى الملائكة : إني أزلت الشهوة والشيطان من قلوبكم ، ولو نزلتم لفعلتم أيضا . قال : فحدثوا أنفسهم أن لو ابتلوا اعتصموا ، فأوحى الله إليهم أن اختاروا ملكين من أفضلكم . فاختاروا هاروت وماروت . فأهبطا إلى الأرض ، وأنزلت الزهرة إليهما في صورة امرأة من أهل فارس يسمونها بيذخت . قال : فوقعا بالخطية . فكانت الملائكة يستغفرون للذين آمنوا : ( ربنا وسعت كل شيء رحمة وعلما ) [ غافر : 7 ]</b><b>[ ص: 356 ] </b><br /><br /><b> فلما وقعا بالخطيئة استغفروا لمن في الأرض ألا إن الله هو الغفور الرحيم . فخيرا بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، فاختارا عذاب الدنيا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال : ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا عبد الله بن جعفر الرقي ، أخبرنا عبيد الله يعني ابن عمرو عن زيد بن أبي أنيسة ، عن المنهال بن عمرو ويونس بن خباب ، عن مجاهد ، قال : كنت نازلا على عبد الله بن عمر في سفر ، فلما كان ذات ليلة قال لغلامه : انظر ، هل طلعت الحمراء ، لا مرحبا بها ولا أهلا ولا حياها الله هي صاحبة الملكين . قالت الملائكة : يا رب ، كيف تدع عصاة بني آدم وهم يسفكون الدم الحرام وينتهكون محارمك ويفسدون في الأرض ! قال : إني ابتليتهم ، فعل إن ابتليتكم بمثل الذي ابتليتهم به فعلتم كالذي يفعلون . قالوا : لا . قال : فاختاروا من خياركم اثنين . فاختاروا هاروت وماروت . فقال لهما : إني مهبطكما إلى الأرض ، وعاهد إليكما ألا تشركا ولا تزنيا ولا تخونا . فأهبطا إلى الأرض وألقي عليهما الشبق ، وأهبطت لهما الزهرة في أحسن صورة امرأة ، فتعرضت لهما ، فراوداها عن نفسها . فقالت : إني على دين لا يصح لأحد أن يأتيني إلا من كان على مثله . قالا وما دينك ؟ قالت : المجوسية . قالا : الشرك ! هذا شيء لا نقر به . فمكثت عنهما ما شاء الله . ثم تعرضت لهما فأراداها عن نفسها . فقالت : ما شئتما ، غير أن لي زوجا ، وأنا أكره أن يطلع على هذا مني فأفتضح ، فإن أقررتما لي بديني ، وشرطتما لي أن تصعدا بي إلى السماء فعلت . فأقرا لها بدينها وأتياها فيما يريان ، ثم صعدا بها إلى السماء . فلما انتهيا بها إلى السماء اختطفت منهما ، وقطعت أجنحتهما فوقعا خائفين نادمين يبكيان ، وفي الأرض نبي يدعو بين الجمعتين ، فإذا كان يوم الجمعة أجيب . فقالا : لو أتينا فلانا فسألناه فطلب لنا التوبة فأتياه ، فقال : رحمكما الله ، كيف يطلب التوبة أهل الأرض لأهل السماء ! قالا : إنا قد ابتلينا . قال : ائتياني يوم الجمعة . فأتياه ، فقال : ما أجبت فيكما بشيء ، ائتياني في الجمعة الثانية . فأتياه ، فقال : اختارا ، فقد خيرتما ، إن أحببتما معافاة الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، وإن أحببتما فعذاب الدنيا وأنتما يوم القيامة على حكم الله . فقال أحدهما : إن الدنيا لم يمض منها إلا القليل . وقال الآخر : ويحك ؟ إني قد أطعتك في الأمر الأول فأطعني الآن ، إن عذابا يفنى ليس كعذاب يبقى . وإننا يوم القيامة على حكم الله ، فأخاف أن يعذبنا . قال : لا إني أرجو إن علم الله أنا قد اخترنا عذاب الدنيا مخافة عذاب الآخرة لا يجمعهما علينا . قال : فاختارا عذاب الدنيا ، فجعلا في بكرات من حديد في قليب مملوءة من نار ، عاليهما [ ص: 357 ] سافلهما . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا إسناد جيد إلى عبد الله بن عمر . وقد تقدم في رواية ابن جرير من حديث معاوية بن صالح ، عن نافع ، عنه رفعه . وهذا أثبت وأصح إسنادا . ثم هو والله أعلم من رواية ابن عمر عن كعب ، كما تقدم بيانه من رواية سالم عن أبيه . وقوله : إن الزهرة نزلت في صورة امرأة حسناء ، وكذا في المروي عن علي ، فيه غرابة جدا . </b><br /><br /><b> وأقرب ما ورد في ذلك ما قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا عصام بن رواد ، حدثنا آدم ، حدثنا أبو جعفر ، حدثنا الربيع بن أنس ، عن قيس بن عباد ، عن ابن عباس ، رضي الله عنهما قال : لما وقع الناس من بعد آدم ، عليه السلام ، فيما وقعوا فيه من المعاصي والكفر بالله ، قالت الملائكة في السماء : يا رب ، هذا العالم الذي إنما خلقتهم لعبادتك وطاعتك ، قد وقعوا فيما وقعوا فيه وركبوا الكفر وقتل النفس وأكل المال الحرام ، والزنا والسرقة وشرب الخمر . فجعلوا يدعون عليهم ، ولا يعذرونهم ، فقيل : إنهم في غيب . فلم يعذروهم . فقيل لهم : اختاروا منكم من أفضلكم ملكين ، آمرهما وأنهاهما . فاختاروا هاروت وماروت . فأهبطا إلى الأرض ، وجعل لهما شهوات بني آدم ، وأمرهما الله أن يعبداه ولا يشركا به شيئا ، ونهيا عن قتل النفس الحرام وأكل المال الحرام ، وعن الزنا والسرقة وشرب الخمر . فلبثا في الأرض زمانا يحكمان بين الناس بالحق وذلك في زمان إدريس عليه السلام . وفي ذلك الزمان امرأة حسنها في النساء كحسن الزهرة في سائر الكواكب ، وأنهما أتيا عليها فخضعا لها في القول وأراداها على نفسها فأبت إلا أن يكونا على أمرها وعلى دينها ، فسألاها عن دينها ، فأخرجت لهما صنما فقالت : هذا أعبده . فقالا : لا حاجة لنا في عبادة هذا . فذهبا فغبرا ما شاء الله . ثم أتيا عليها فأراداها على نفسها ، ففعلت مثل ذلك . فذهبا ، ثم أتيا عليها فراوداها على نفسها ، فلما رأت أنهما قد أبيا أن يعبدا الصنم قالت لهما : اختارا إحدى الخلال الثلاث : إما أن تعبدا هذا الصنم ، وإما أن تقتلا هذه النفس ، وإما أن تشربا هذا الخمر . فقالا : كل هذا لا ينبغي ، وأهون هذا شرب الخمر . فشربا الخمر فأخذت فيهما فواقعا المرأة ، فخشيا أن يخبر الإنسان عنهما فقتلاه فلما ذهب عنهما السكر وعلما ما وقعا فيه من الخطيئة أرادا أن يصعدا إلى السماء ، فلم يستطيعا ، وحيل بينهما وبين ذلك ، وكشف الغطاء فيما بينهما وبين أهل السماء ، فنظرت الملائكة إلى ما وقعا فيه ، فعجبوا كل العجب ، وعرفوا أنه من كان في غيب فهو أقل خشية ، فجعلوا بعد ذلك يستغفرون لمن في الأرض ، فنزل في ذلك : ( والملائكة يسبحون بحمد ربهم ويستغفرون لمن في الأرض ) [ الشورى : 5 ] فقيل لهما : اختارا عذاب الدنيا أو عذاب الآخرة فقالا : أما عذاب الدنيا فإنه ينقطع [ ص: 358 ] ويذهب ، وأما عذاب الآخرة فلا انقطاع له . فاختارا عذاب الدنيا ، فجعلا ببابل ، فهما يعذبان . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد رواه الحاكم في مستدركه مطولا عن أبي زكريا العنبري ، عن محمد بن عبد السلام ، عن إسحاق ابن راهويه ، عن حكام بن سلم الرازي ، وكان ثقة ، عن أبي جعفر الرازي ، به . ثم قال : صحيح الإسناد ، ولم يخرجاه . فهذا أقرب ما روي في شأن الزهرة ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا مسلم ، حدثنا القاسم بن الفضل الحداني حدثنا يزيد يعني الفارسي عن ابن عباس [ قال ] أن أهل سماء الدنيا أشرفوا على أهل الأرض فرأوهم يعملون المعاصي فقالوا : يا رب أهل الأرض كانوا يعملون بالمعاصي ! فقال الله : أنتم معي ، وهم غيب عني . فقيل لهم : اختاروا منكم ثلاثة ، فاختاروا منهم ثلاثة على أن يهبطوا إلى الأرض ، على أن يحكموا بين أهل الأرض ، وجعل فيهم شهوة الآدميين ، فأمروا ألا يشربوا خمرا ولا يقتلوا نفسا ، ولا يزنوا ، ولا يسجدوا لوثن . فاستقال منهم واحد ، فأقيل . فأهبط اثنان إلى الأرض ، فأتتهما امرأة من أحسن الناس يقال لها : مناهية . فهوياها جميعا ، ثم أتيا منزلها فاجتمعا عندها ، فأراداها فقالت لهما : لا حتى تشربا خمري ، وتقتلا ابن جاري ، وتسجدا لوثني . فقالا لا نسجد . ثم شربا من الخمر ، ثم قتلا ثم سجدا . فأشرف أهل السماء عليهما . فقالت لهما : أخبراني بالكلمة التي إذا قلتماها طرتما . فأخبراها فطارت فمسخت جمرة . وهي هذه الزهرة . وأما هما فأرسل إليهما سليمان بن داود فخيرهما بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة . فاختارا عذاب الدنيا . فهما مناطان بين السماء والأرض .</b><b><span style="color: purple;">وهذا السياق فيه زيادات كثيرة وإغراب ونكارة ، والله أعلم بالصواب </span>. </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبد الرزاق : قال معمر : قال قتادة والزهري ، عن عبيد الله بن عبد الله : ( وما أنزل على الملكين ببابل هاروت وماروت ) كانا ملكين من الملائكة ، فأهبطا ليحكما بين الناس . وذلك أن الملائكة سخروا من حكام بني آدم ، فحاكمت إليهما امرأة ، فحافا لها . ثم ذهبا يصعدان فحيل بينهما وبين ذلك ، ثم خيرا بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، فاختارا عذاب الدنيا . وقال معمر : قال قتادة : فكانا يعلمان الناس السحر ، فأخذ عليهما ألا يعلما أحدا حتى يقولا ( إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أسباط عن السدي أنه قال : كان من أمر هاروت وماروت أنهما طعنا على أهل الأرض في [ص: 359] أحكامهم ، فقيل لهما : إني أعطيت بني آدم عشرا من الشهوات ، فبها يعصونني . قال هاروت وماروت : ربنا ، لو أعطيتنا تلك الشهوات ثم نزلنا لحكمنا بالعدل . فقال لهما : انزلا فقد أعطيتكما تلك الشهوات العشر ، فاحكما بين الناس . فنزلا ببابل دنباوند ، فكانا يحكمان ، حتى إذا أمسيا عرجا ، فإذا أصبحا هبطا ، فلم يزالا كذلك حتى أتتهما امرأة تخاصم زوجها ، فأعجبهما حسنها واسمها بالعربية " الزهرة " ، وبالنبطية " بيذخت " وبالفارسية " أناهيد " فقال أحدهما لصاحبه : إنها لتعجبني . قال الآخر : قد أردت أن أذكر لك فاستحييت منك . فقال الآخر : هل لك أن أذكرها لنفسها ؟ قال : نعم ، ولكن كيف لنا بعذاب الله ؟ قال الآخر : إنا لنرجو رحمة الله . فلما جاءت تخاصم زوجها ذكرا إليها نفسها ، فقالت : لا حتى تقضيا لي على زوجي . فقضيا لها على زوجها ، ثم واعدتهما خربة من الخرب يأتيانها فيها ، فأتياها لذلك . فلما أراد الذي يواقعها قالت : ما أنا بالذي أفعل حتى تخبراني بأي كلام تصعدان إلى السماء ، وبأي كلام تنزلان منها ؟ فأخبراها ، فتكلمت فصعدت ، فأنساها الله ما تنزل به ، فبقيت مكانها ، وجعلها الله كوكبا . فكان عبد الله بن عمر كلما رآها لعنها ، فقال : هذه التي فتنت هاروت وماروت ، فلما كان الليل أرادا أن يصعدا فلم يطيقا ، فعرفا الهلكة ، فخيرا بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، فاختارا عذاب الدنيا ، فعلقا ببابل ، وجعلا يكلمان الناس كلامهما وهو السحر . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي نجيح عن مجاهد : أما شأن هاروت وماروت ، فإن الملائكة عجبت من ظلم بني آدم ، وقد جاءتهم الرسل والكتب والبينات ، فقال لهم ربهم تعالى : اختاروا منكم ملكين أنزلهما يحكمان في الأرض بين بني آدم فاختاروا فلم يألوا [ إلا ] هاروت وماروت ، فقال لهما حين أنزلهما : أعجبتما من بني آدم من ظلمهم ومن معصيتهم ، وإنما تأتيهم الرسل والكتب [ والبينات ] من وراء وراء ، وأنتما ليس بيني وبينكما رسول ، فافعلا كذا وكذا ، ودعا كذا وكذا ، فأمرهما بأمر ونهاهما ، ثم نزلا على ذلك ليس أحد أطوع لله منهما ، فحكما فعدلا . فكانا يحكمان في النهار بين بني آدم ، فإذا أمسيا عرجا فكانا مع الملائكة ، وينزلان حين يصبحان فيحكمان فيعدلان ، حتى أنزلت عليهما الزهرة في أحسن صورة امرأة تخاصم ، فقضيا عليها . فلما قامت وجد كل واحد منهما في نفسه ، فقال أحدهما لصاحبه : وجدت مثل الذي وجدت ؟ قال : نعم . فبعثا إليها أن ائتيانا نقض لك . فلما رجعت قالا وقضيا لها ، فأتتهما فتكشفا لها عن عورتيهما ، وإنما كانت شهوتهما في أنفسهما ، ولم يكونا كبني آدم في شهوة النساء ولذتها . فلما بلغا ذلك واستحلا افتتنا ، فطارت الزهرة فرجعت حيث كانت . فلما أمسيا عرجا فزجرا فلم يؤذن لهما ، ولم تحملهما أجنحتهما . فاستغاثا برجل من بني آدم [ ص: 360 ] فأتياه ، فقالا ادع لنا ربك . فقال : كيف يشفع أهل الأرض لأهل السماء ؟ قالا : سمعنا ربك يذكرك بخير في السماء . فوعدهما يوما ، وغدا يدعو لهما ، فدعا لهما ، فاستجيب له ، فخيرا بين عذاب الدنيا وعذاب الآخرة ، فنظر أحدهما إلى صاحبه ، فقال : ألا تعلم أن أفواج عذاب الله في الآخرة كذا وكذا في الخلد ، وفي الدنيا تسع مرات مثلها ؟ فأمرا أن ينزلا ببابل ، فثم عذابهما . وزعم أنهما معلقان في الحديد مطويان ، يصفقان بأجنحتهما . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد روى في قصة هاروت وماروت عن جماعة من التابعين ، كمجاهد والسدي والحسن[البصري]وقتادة وأبي العالية والزهري والربيع بن أنس ومقاتل بن حيان وغيرهم ، وقصها خلق من المفسرين من المتقدمين والمتأخرين ، وحاصلها راجع في تفصيلها إلى أخبار بني إسرائيل ، إذ ليس فيها حديث مرفوع صحيح متصل الإسناد إلى الصادق المصدوق المعصوم الذي لا ينطق عن الهوى ، وظاهر سياق القرآن إجمال القصة من غير بسط ولا إطناب فيها ، فنحن نؤمن بما ورد في القرآن على ما أراده الله تعالى ، والله أعلم بحقيقة الحال . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد ورد في ذلك أثر غريب وسياق عجيب في ذلك أحببنا أن ننبه عليه ، قال : الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير ، رحمه الله : حدثنا الربيع بن سليمان ، أخبرنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني ابن أبي الزناد ، حدثني هشام بن عروة ، عن أبيه ، عن عائشة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم [رضي الله عنها وعن أبيها] أنها قالت : قدمت امرأة علي من أهل دومة الجندل ، جاءت تبتغي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد موته حداثة ذلك ، تسأله عن شيء دخلت فيه من أمر السحر ، ولم تعمل به . قالت عائشة ، رضي الله عنها ، لعروة : يا ابن أختي ، فرأيتها تبكي حين لم تجد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيشفيها كانت تبكي حتى إني لأرحمها ، وتقول : إني أخاف أن أكون قد هلكت . كان لي زوج فغاب عني ، فدخلت على عجوز فشكوت ذلك إليها ، فقالت : إن فعلت ما آمرك به فأجعله يأتيك . فلما كان الليل جاءتني بكلبين أسودين ، فركبت أحدهما وركبت الآخر ، فلم يكن كشيء حتى وقفنا ببابل ، وإذا برجلين معلقين بأرجلهما . فقالا : ما جاء بك ؟ فقلت : أتعلم السحر . فقالا : إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفري ، فارجعي . فأبيت وقلت : لا . قالا : فاذهبي إلى ذلك التنور ، فبولي فيه . فذهبت ففزعت ولم أفعل ، فرجعت إليهما ، فقالا : أفعلت ؟ فقلت : نعم . فقالا : هل رأيت شيئا ؟ فقلت : لم أر شيئا . فقالا : لم تفعلي ، ارجعي إلى بلادك ولا تكفري [ فإنك على رأس أمرك ] . فأرببت وأبيت . فقالا : اذهبي إلى ذلك التنور فبولي فيه . فذهبت فاقشعررت [ وخفت ] ثم رجعت إليهما فقلت : قد فعلت . فقالا : فما رأيت ؟ فقلت : لم [ ص: 361 ] أر شيئا . فقالا : كذبت ، لم تفعلي ، ارجعي إلى بلادك ولا تكفري ; فإنك على رأس أمرك . فأرببت وأبيت . فقالا اذهبي إلى ذلك التنور ، فبولي فيه . فذهبت إليه فبلت فيه ، فرأيت فارسا مقنعا بحديد خرج مني ، فذهب في السماء وغاب [ عني ] حتى ما أراه ، فجئتهما فقلت : قد فعلت . فقالا : فما رأيت ؟ قلت : رأيت فارسا مقنعا خرج مني فذهب في السماء ، حتى ما أراه . فقالا : صدقت ، ذلك إيمانك خرج منك ، اذهبي . فقلت للمرأة : والله ما أعلم شيئا وما قالا لي شيئا . فقالت : بلى ، لم تريدي شيئا إلا كان ، خذي هذا القمح فابذري ، فبذرت ، وقلت : أطلعي فأطلعت وقلت : أحقلي فأحقلت ثم قلت : أفركي فأفركت . ثم قلت : أيبسي فأيبست . ثم قلت : أطحني فأطحنت . ثم قلت : أخبزي فأخبزت . فلما رأيت أني لا أريد شيئا إلا كان ، سقط في يدي وندمت والله يا أم المؤمنين ، والله ما فعلت شيئا قط ولا أفعله أبدا . </b><br /><br /><b> ورواه ابن أبي حاتم عن الربيع بن سليمان ، به مطولا كما تقدم . وزاد بعد قولها : ولا أفعله أبدا : فسألت أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حداثة وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وهم يومئذ متوافرون ، فما دروا ما يقولون لها ، وكلهم هاب وخاف أن يفتيها بما لا يعلمه ، إلا أنه قد قال لها ابن عباس أو بعض من كان عنده : لو كان أبواك حيين أو أحدهما [ لكان يكفيانك ] . </b><br /><br /><b> قال هشام : فلو جاءتنا أفتيناها بالضمان [ قال ] : قال ابن أبي الزناد : وكان هشام يقول : إنهم كانوا أهل الورع والخشية من الله . ثم يقول هشام : لو جاءتنا مثلها اليوم لوجدت نوكى أهل حمق وتكلف بغير علم . </b><br /><br /><b> فهذا إسناد جيد إلى عائشة ، رضي الله عنها . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد استدل بهذا الأثر من ذهب إلى أن الساحر له تمكن في قلب الأعيان ; لأن هذه المرأة بذرت واستغلت في الحال . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال آخرون : بل ليس له قدرة إلا على التخييل ، كما قال [ الله ] تعالى : ( سحروا أعين الناس واسترهبوهم وجاءوا بسحر عظيم ) [ الأعراف : 116 ] وقال تعالى : ( يخيل إليه من سحرهم أنها تسعى ) [ طه : 66 ]</b><b>[ ص: 362 ] </b><br /><br /><b> واستدل به على أن بابل المذكورة في القرآن هي بابل العراق ، لا بابل دنباوند كما قاله السدي وغيره . ثم الدليل على أنها بابل العراق ما قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا علي بن الحسين ، حدثنا أحمد بن صالح ، حدثني ابن وهب ، حدثني ابن لهيعة ويحيى بن أزهر ، عن عمار بن سعد المرادي ، عن أبي صالح الغفاري أن علي بن أبي طالب ، رضي الله عنه [ مر ببابل وهو يسير ، فجاء المؤذن يؤذنه بصلاة العصر ، فلما برز منها أمر المؤذن فأقام الصلاة ، فلما فرغ ] قال : إن حبيبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نهاني أن أصلي [ بأرض المقبرة ، ونهاني أن أصلي ] ببابل فإنها ملعونة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو داود : حدثنا سليمان بن داود ، حدثنا ابن وهب ، حدثني ابن لهيعة ويحيى بن أزهر ، عن عمار بن سعد المرادي ، عن أبي صالح الغفاري : أن عليا مر ببابل ، وهو يسير ، فجاءه المؤذن يؤذنه بصلاة العصر ، فلما برز منها أمر المؤذن فأقام الصلاة فلما فرغ قال : إن حبيبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نهاني أن أصلي في المقبرة ، ونهاني أن أصلي بأرض بابل ، فإنها ملعونة </b><br /><b> حدثنا أحمد بن صالح : حدثنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني يحيى بن أزهر وابن لهيعة ، عن الحجاج بن شداد ، عن أبي صالح الغفاري ، عن علي ، بمعنى حديث سليمان بن داود ، قال : فلما " خرج " مكان " برز " . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا الحديث حسن عند الإمام أبي داود ، لأنه رواه وسكت عنه ; ففيه من الفقه كراهية الصلاة بأرض بابل ، كما تكره بديار ثمود الذين نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الدخول إلى منازلهم ، إلا أن يكونوا باكين . </b><br /><br /><b> قال أصحاب الهيئة : وبعد ما بين بابل ، وهي من إقليم العراق ، عن البحر المحيط الغربي ، ويقال له : أوقيانوس سبعون درجة ، ويسمون هذا طولا وأما عرضها وهو بعد ما بينها وبين وسط الأرض من ناحية الجنوب ، وهو المسامت لخط الاستواء ، اثنان وثلاثون درجة ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) قال أبو جعفر الرازي ، عن الربيع بن أنس ، عن قيس بن عباد ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : فإذا أتاهما الآتي يريد السحر نهياه أشد النهي ، وقالا له : إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ، وذلك أنهما علما الخير والشر والكفر والإيمان ، فعرفا أن السحر من الكفر . [ قال ] فإذا أبى عليهما أمراه أن يأتي مكان كذا وكذا ، فإذا أتاه عاين الشيطان فعلمه ، فإذا تعلم خرج منه النور ، فنظر إليه ساطعا في السماء،فيقول:يا حسرتاه !</b><b>[ ص: 363 ]</b><b>يا ويله !ماذا أصنع ؟ . </b><br /><br /><b> وعن الحسن البصري أنه قال في تفسير هذه الآية : نعم ، أنزل الملكان بالسحر ، ليعلما الناس البلاء الذي أراد الله أن يبتلي به الناس ، فأخذ عليهما الميثاق أن لا يعلما أحدا حتى يقولا ( إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) رواه ابن أبي حاتم ، وقال قتادة : كان أخذ عليهما ألا يعلما أحدا حتى يقولا ( إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) أي : بلاء ابتلينا به ( فلا تكفر ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال [ قتادة و ] السدي : إذا أتاهما إنسان يريد السحر ، وعظاه ، وقالا له : لا تكفر ، إنما نحن فتنة . فإذا أبى قالا له : ائت هذا الرماد ، فبل عليه . فإذا بال عليه خرج منه نور فسطع حتى يدخل السماء ، وذلك الإيمان . وأقبل شيء أسود كهيئة الدخان حتى يدخل في مسامعه وكل شيء [ منه ] . وذلك غضب الله . فإذا أخبرهما بذلك علماه السحر ، فذلك قول الله تعالى : ( وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر ) الآية . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سنيد ، عن حجاج ، عن ابن جريج في هذه الآية : لا يجترئ على السحر إلا كافر . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما الفتنة فهي المحنة والاختبار ، ومنه قول الشاعر : </b><br /><b>وقد فتن الناس في دينهم وخلى ابن عفان شرا طويلا </b><br /><br /><br /><b> وكذلك قوله تعالى إخبارا عن موسى ، عليه السلام ، حيث قال : ( إن هي إلا فتنتك ) أي : ابتلاؤك واختبارك وامتحانك ( تضل بها من تشاء وتهدي من تشاء ) [ الأعراف : 155 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد استدل بعضهم بهذه الآية على تكفير من تعلم السحر ، ويستشهد له بالحديث الذي رواه الحافظ أبو بكر البزار : حدثنا محمد بن المثنى ، حدثنا أبو معاوية ، عن الأعمش ، عن إبراهيم ، عن همام ، عن عبد الله ، قال : من أتى كاهنا أو ساحرا فصدقه بما يقول ، فقد كفر بما أنزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وهذا إسناد جيد وله شواهد أخر . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( فيتعلمون منهما ما يفرقون به بين المرء وزوجه ) أي : فيتعلم الناس من هاروت وماروت من علم السحر ما يتصرفون به فيما يتصرفون فيه من الأفاعيل المذمومة ، ما إنهم ليفرقون به بين الزوجين مع ما بينهما من الخلطة والائتلاف . وهذا من صنيع الشياطين ، كما رواه مسلم في صحيحه ، من حديث الأعمش ، عن أبي سفيان طلحة بن نافع ، عن جابر بن عبد الله ، رضي الله [ ص: 364 ] عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " إن الشيطان ليضع عرشه على الماء ، ثم يبعث سراياه في الناس ، فأقربهم عنده منزلة أعظمهم عنده فتنة ، يجيء أحدهم فيقول : ما زلت بفلان حتى تركته وهو يقول كذا وكذا . فيقول إبليس : لا والله ما صنعت شيئا . ويجيء أحدهم فيقول : ما تركته حتى فرقت بينه وبين أهله قال : فيقربه ويدنيه ويلتزمه ، ويقول : نعم أنت " . </b><br /><br /><b> وسبب التفرق بين الزوجين بالسحر : ما يخيل إلى الرجل أو المرأة من الآخر من سوء منظر ، أو خلق أو نحو ذلك أو عقد أو بغضه ، أو نحو ذلك من الأسباب المقتضية للفرقة . </b><br /><br /><b> والمرء عبارة عن الرجل ، وتأنيثه امرأة ، ويثنى كل منهما ولا يجمعان ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( وما هم بضارين به من أحد إلا بإذن الله ) قال سفيان الثوري : إلا بقضاء الله . وقال محمد بن إسحاق إلا بتخلية الله بينه وبين ما أراد . وقال الحسن البصري : ( وما هم بضارين به من أحد إلا بإذن الله ) قال : نعم ، من شاء الله سلطهم عليه ، ومن لم يشأ الله لم يسلط ، ولا يستطيعون ضر أحد إلا بإذن الله ، كما قال الله تعالى ، وفي رواية عن الحسن أنه قال : لا يضر هذا السحر إلا من دخل فيه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( ويتعلمون ما يضرهم ولا ينفعهم ) أي : يضرهم في دينهم ، وليس له نفع يوازي ضرره . </b><br /><br /><b> ( ولقد علموا لمن اشتراه ما له في الآخرة من خلاق ) أي : ولقد علم اليهود الذين استبدلوا بالسحر عن متابعة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لمن فعل فعلهم ذلك ، أنه ما له في الآخرة من خلاق . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن عباس ومجاهد والسدي : من نصيب . وقال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة : ما له في الآخرة من جهة عند الله وقال : وقال الحسن : ليس له دين . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال سعد عن قتادة : ( ما له في الآخرة من خلاق ) قال : ولقد علم أهل الكتاب فيما عهد الله إليهم أن الساحر لا خلاق له في الآخرة . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( ولبئس ما شروا به أنفسهم لو كانوا يعلمون ولو أنهم آمنوا واتقوا لمثوبة من عند الله خير لو كانوا يعلمون ) يقول تعالى : ( ولبئس ) البديل ما استبدلوا به من السحر عوضا عن الإيمان ، ومتابعة الرسل لو كان لهم علم بما وعظوا به ( ولو أنهم آمنوا واتقوا لمثوبة من عند الله خير ) أي : ولو أنهم آمنوا بالله ورسله واتقوا المحارم ، لكان مثوبة الله على ذلك خيرا لهم مما استخاروا لأنفسهم ورضوا به ، كما قال تعالى : ( وقال الذين أوتوا العلم ويلكم ثواب الله خير لمن آمن وعمل صالحا ولا يلقاها إلا الصابرون ) [ القصص : 80 ] .</b><b>[ ص: 365 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وقد استدل بقوله : ( ولو أنهم آمنوا واتقوا ) من ذهب إلى تكفير الساحر ، كما هو رواية عن الإمام أحمد بن حنبل وطائفة من السلف . وقيل : بل لا يكفر ، ولكن حده ضرب عنقه ، لما رواه الشافعي وأحمد بن حنبل ، رحمهما الله : أخبرنا سفيان ، عن عمرو بن دينار ، أنه سمع بجالة بن عبدة يقول : كتب [ أمير المؤمنين ] عمر بن الخطاب ، رضي الله عنه ، أن اقتلوا كل ساحر وساحرة . قال : فقتلنا ثلاث سواحر . وقد أخرجه البخاري في صحيحه أيضا . وهكذا صح أن حفصة أم المؤمنين سحرتها جارية لها ، فأمرت بها فقتلت . قال أحمد بن حنبل : صح من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم [ أذنوا ] في قتل الساحر . </b><br /><br /><b> وروى الترمذي من حديث إسماعيل بن مسلم ، عن الحسن ، عن جندب الأزدي أنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " حد الساحر ضربه بالسيف " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال : لا نعرفه مرفوعا إلا من هذا الوجه . وإسماعيل بن مسلم يضعف في الحديث ، والصحيح : عن الحسن عن جندب موقوفا . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : قد رواه الطبراني من وجه آخر ، عن الحسن ، عن جندب ، مرفوعا . والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد روي من طرق متعددة أن الوليد بن عقبة كان عنده ساحر يلعب بين يديه ، فكان يضرب رأس الرجل ثم يصيح به فيرد إليه رأسه ، فقال الناس : سبحان الله ! يحيي الموتى ! ورآه رجل من صالحي المهاجرين ، فلما كان الغد جاء مشتملا على سيفه ، وذهب يلعب لعبه ذلك ، فاخترط الرجل سيفه فضرب عنق الساحر ، وقال : إن كان صادقا فليحيي نفسه . وتلا قوله تعالى : ( أفتأتون السحر وأنتم تبصرون ) [ الأنبياء : 3 ] فغضب الوليد إذ لم يستأذنه في ذلك فسجنه ثم أطلقه ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو بكر الخلال : أخبرنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل ، حدثني أبي ، حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد ، حدثني أبو إسحاق ، عن حارثة قال : كان عند بعض الأمراء رجل يلعب فجاء جندب مشتملا [ ص: 366 ] على سيفه فقتله ، فقال : أراه كان ساحرا ، وحمل الشافعي ، رحمه الله ، قصة عمر ، وحفصة على سحر يكون شركا . والله أعلم . </b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><b>68</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"></span></span><u><b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">فصل</span></span> </b></u></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> حكى أبو عبد الله الرازي في تفسيره عن المعتزلة أنهم أنكروا وجود السحر ، قال : وربما كفروا من اعتقد وجوده . قال : وأما أهل السنة فقد جوزوا أن يقدر الساحر أن يطير في الهواء ، ويقلب الإنسان حمارا ، والحمار إنسانا ، إلا أنهم قالوا : إن الله يخلق الأشياء عندما يقول الساحر تلك الرقى و [ تلك ] الكلمات المعينة ، فأما أن يكون المؤثر في ذلك هو الفلك والنجوم فلا خلافا للفلاسفة والمنجمين الصابئة ، ثم استدل على وقوع السحر وأنه بخلق الله تعالى ، بقوله تعالى : ( وما هم بضارين به من أحد إلا بإذن الله ) ومن الأخبار بأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سحر ، وأن السحر عمل فيه ، وبقصة تلك المرأة مع عائشة ، رضي الله عنها ، وما ذكرت تلك المرأة من إتيانها بابل وتعلمها السحر ، قال : وبما يذكر في هذا الباب من الحكايات الكثيرة ، ثم قال بعد هذا : </b><br /><br /><b> المسألة الخامسة في أن العلم بالسحر ليس بقبيح ولا محظور : اتفق المحققون على ذلك ; لأن العلم لذاته شريف وأيضا لعموم قوله تعالى : ( قل هل يستوي الذين يعلمون والذين لا يعلمون ) [ الزمر : 9 ] ; ولأن السحر لو لم يكن يعلم لما أمكن الفرق بينه وبين المعجزة ، والعلم بكون المعجز معجزا واجب ، وما يتوقف الواجب عليه فهو واجب ; فهذا يقتضي أن يكون تحصيل العلم بالسحر واجبا ، وما يكون واجبا فكيف يكون حراما وقبيحا ؟ ! </b><br /><br /><b> هذا لفظه بحروفه في هذه المسألة ، وهذا الكلام فيه نظر من وجوه ، أحدها : قوله : " العلم بالسحر ليس بقبيح " . إن عنى به ليس بقبيح عقلا فمخالفوه من المعتزلة يمنعون هذا وإن عنى أنه ليس بقبيح شرعا ، ففي هذه الآية الكريمة تبشيع لتعلم السحر ، وفي الصحيح : " من أتى عرافا أو كاهنا ، فقد كفر بما أنزل على محمد " . وفي السنن : " من عقد عقدة ونفث فيها فقد سحر " . وقوله : ولا محظور اتفق المحققون على ذلك " . كيف لا يكون محظورا مع ما ذكرناه من الآية والحديث ؟ ! واتفاق المحققين يقتضي أن يكون قد نص على هذه المسألة أئمة العلماء أو أكثرهم ، وأين نصوصهم على ذلك ؟ ثم إدخاله [ علم ] السحر في عموم قوله : ( قل هل يستوي الذين يعلمون والذين لا يعلمون ) فيه نظر ; لأن هذه الآية إنما دلت على مدح العالمين بالعلم الشرعي ، ولم [ ص: 367 ] قلت إن هذا منه ؟ ثم ترقيه إلى وجوب تعلمه بأنه لا يحصل العلم بالمعجز إلا به ، ضعيف بل فاسد ; لأن معظم معجزات رسولنا ، عليه الصلاة والسلام هي القرآن العظيم ، الذي لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه تنزيل من حكيم حميد . ثم إن العلم بأنه معجز لا يتوقف على علم السحر أصلا ثم من المعلوم بالضرورة أن الصحابة والتابعين وأئمة المسلمين وعامتهم ، كانوا يعلمون المعجز ، ويفرقون بينه وبين غيره ، ولم يكونوا يعلمون السحر ولا تعلموه ولا علموه ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b>69</b></span></span><b><span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;"> <span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span>ثم قد ذكر أبو عبد الله الرازي أن أنواع السحر ثمانية : </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">الأول :</span></span> سحر الكلدانيين والكشدانيين ، الذين كانوا يعبدون الكواكب السبعة المتحيرة ، وهي السيارة ، وكانوا يعتقدون أنها مدبرة العالم وأنها تأتي بالخير والشر ، وهم الذين بعث إليهم إبراهيم الخليل صلى الله عليه وسلم مبطلا لمقالتهم ورادا لمذهبهم ، وقد استقصى في " كتاب السر المكتوم ، في مخاطبة الشمس والنجوم " المنسوب إليه فيما ذكره القاضي ابن خلكان وغيره ويقال : إنه تاب منه . وقيل إنه صنفه على وجه إظهار الفضيلة لا على سبيل الاعتقاد . وهذا هو المظنون به ، إلا أنه ذكر فيه طرائقهم في مخاطبة كل من هذه الكواكب السبعة ، وكيفية ما يفعلون وما يلبسونه ، وما يتنسكون به . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال : والنوع الثاني</span></span> : سحر أصحاب الأوهام والنفوس القوية ، ثم استدل على أن الوهم له تأثير ، بأن الإنسان يمكنه أن يمشي على الجسر الموضوع على وجه الأرض ، ولا يمكنه المشي عليه إذا كان ممدودا على نهر أو نحوه . قال : وكما أجمعت الأطباء على نهي المرعوف عن النظر إلى الأشياء الحمر ، والمصروع إلى الأشياء القوية اللمعان أو الدوران ، وما ذاك إلا لأن النفوس خلقت مطيعة للأوهام . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : وقد اتفق العقلاء على أن الإصابة بالعين حق . </b><br /><br /><b> وله أن يستدل على ذلك بما ثبت في الصحيح أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " العين حق ، ولو كان شيء سابق القدر لسبقته العين " . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : فإذا عرفت هذا ، فنقول : النفس التي تفعل هذه الأفاعيل قد تكون قوية جدا ، فتستغني في هذه الأفاعيل عن الاستعانة بالآلات والأدوات ، وقد تكون ضعيفة فتحتاج إلى الاستعانة بهذه[ص: 368] الآلات . وتحقيقه أن النفس إذا كانت مستعلية على البدن شديدة الانجذاب إلى عالم السماوات ، صارت كأنها روح من الأرواح السماوية ، فكانت قوية على التأثير في مواد هذا العالم . وإذا كانت ضعيفة شديدة التعلق بهذه الذات البدنية ، فحينئذ لا يكون لها تصرف البتة إلا في هذا البدن . ثم أرشد إلى مداواة هذا الداء بتقليل الغذاء ، والانقطاع عن الناس والرياء . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قلت : </span></span>وهذا الذي يشير إليه هو التصرف بالحال ، وهو على قسمين : تارة تكون حالا صحيحة شرعية يتصرف بها فيما أمر الله ورسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ويترك ما نهى الله عنه ورسوله ، وهذه الأحوال مواهب من الله تعالى وكرامات للصالحين من هذه الأمة ، ولا يسمى هذا سحرا في الشرع . وتارة تكون الحال فاسدة لا يمتثل صاحبها ما أمر الله ورسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا يتصرف بها في ذلك . فهذه حال الأشقياء المخالفين للشريعة ، ولا يدل إعطاء الله إياهم هذه الأحوال على محبته لهم ، كما أن الدجال لعنه الله له من الخوارق العادات ما دلت عليه الأحاديث الكثيرة ، مع أنه مذموم شرعا لعنه الله . وكذلك من شابهه من مخالفي الشريعة المحمدية ، على صاحبها أفضل الصلاة والسلام . وبسط هذا يطول جدا ، وليس هذا موضعه . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال : النوع الثالث من السحر</span></span> : الاستعانة بالأرواح الأرضية ، وهم الجن ، خلافا للفلاسفة والمعتزلة : وهم على قسمين : مؤمنون ، وكفار ، وهم الشياطين . قال : واتصال النفوس الناطقة بها أسهل من اتصالها بالأرواح السماوية ، لما بينهما من المناسبة والقرب ، ثم إن أصحاب الصنعة وأرباب التجربة شاهدوا أن الاتصال بهذه الأرواح الأرضية يحصل بأعمال سهلة قليلة من الرقى والدخل والتجريد . وهذا النوع هو المسمى بالعزائم وعمل التسخير . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">النوع الرابع من السحر :</span></span> التخيلات ، والأخذ بالعيون والشعبذة ، ومبناه [ على ] أن البصر قد يخطئ ويشتغل بالشيء المعين دون غيره ، ألا ترى أن المشعبذ الحاذق يظهر عمل شيء يذهل أذهان الناظرين به ، ويأخذ عيونهم إليه ، حتى إذا استفرغهم الشغل بذلك الشيء بالتحديق ونحوه ، عمل شيئا آخر عملا بسرعة شديدة ، وحينئذ يظهر لهم شيء آخر غير ما انتظروه . فيتعجبون منه جدا ، ولو أنه سكت ولم يتكلم بما يصرف الخواطر إلى ضد ما يريد أن يعمله ، ولم تتحرك النفوس والأوهام إلى غير ما يريد إخراجه ، لفطن الناظرون لكل ما يفعله . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : وكلما كانت الأحوال تفيد حسن البصر نوعا من أنواع الخلل أشد ، كان العمل [ ص: 369 ] </b><br /><br /><b> أحسن ، مثل أن يجلس المشعبذ في موضع مضيء جدا ، أو مظلم ، فلا تقف القوة الناظرة على أحوالها بكلالها والحالة هذه . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : وقد قال بعض المفسرين : إن سحر السحرة بين يدي فرعون إنما كان من باب الشعبذة ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فلما ألقوا سحروا أعين الناس واسترهبوهم وجاءوا بسحر عظيم ) [ الأعراف : 116 ] وقال تعالى : ( يخيل إليه من سحرهم أنها تسعى ) [ طه : 66 ] قالوا : ولم تكن تسعى في نفس الأمر . والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">النوع الخامس من السحر :</span></span> الأعمال العجيبة التي تظهر من تركيب الآلات المركبة من النسب الهندسية ، كفارس على فرس في يده بوق ، كلما مضت ساعة من النهار ضرب بالبوق ، من غير أن يمسه أحد . ومنها الصور التي تصورها الروم والهند ، حتى لا يفرق الناظر بينها وبين الإنسان ، حتى يصورونها ضاحكة وباكية . </b><br /><br /><b> إلى أن قال : فهذه الوجوه من لطيف أمور المخاييل . قال : وكان سحر سحرة فرعون من هذا القبيل . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : يعني ما قاله بعض المفسرين : أنهم عمدوا إلى تلك الحبال والعصي ، فحشوها زئبقا فصارت تتلوى بسبب ما فيها من ذلك الزئبق ، فيخيل إلى الرائي أنها تسعى باختيارها . </b><br /><br /><b> قال الرازي : ومن هذا الباب تركيب صندوق الساعات ، ويندرج في هذا الباب علم جر الأثقال بالآلات الخفيفة . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : وهذا في الحقيقة لا ينبغي أن يعد من باب السحر ; لأن لها أسبابا معلومة يقينية من اطلع عليها قدر عليها . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : ومن هذا القبيل حيل النصارى على عامتهم ، بما يرونهم إياه من الأنوار ، كقضية قمامة الكنيسة التي لهم ببلد المقدس ، وما يحتالون به من إدخال النار خفية إلى الكنيسة ، وإشعال ذلك القنديل بصنعة لطيفة تروج على العوام [ منهم ] وأما الخواص فهم يعترفون بذلك ، ولكن يتأولون أنهم يجمعون شمل أصحابهم على دينهم ، فيرون ذلك سائغا لهم . وفيه شبه للجهلة الأغبياء من متعبدي الكرامية الذين يرون جواز وضع الأحاديث في الترغيب والترهيب ، فيدخلون في عداد من قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيهم : " من كذب علي متعمدا فليتبوأ مقعده من [ ص: 370 ] النار " . وقوله : " حدثوا عني ولا تكذبوا علي ؛ فإنه من يكذب علي يلج النار " . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم ذكر هاهنا حكاية عن بعض الرهبان ، وهو أنه سمع صوت طائر حزين الصوت ضعيف الحركة ، فإذا سمعته الطيور ترق له فتذهب فتلقي في وكره من ثمر الزيتون ، ليتبلغ به ، فعمد هذا الراهب إلى صنعة طائر على شكله ، وتوصل إلى أن جعله أجوف ، فإذا دخلته الريح يسمع له صوت كصوت ذلك الطائر ، وانقطع في صومعة ابتناها ، وزعم أنها على قبر بعض صالحيهم ، وعلق ذلك الطائر في مكان منها ، فإذا كان زمان الزيتون فتح بابا من ناحية ، فتدخل الريح إلى داخل هذه الصورة ، فيسمع صوتها كذلك الطائر في شكله أيضا ، فتأتي الطيور فتحمل من الزيتون شيئا كثيرا فلا ترى النصارى إلا ذلك الزيتون في هذه الصومعة ، ولا يدرون ما سببه ؟ ففتنهم بذلك ، وأوهم أن هذا من كرامات صاحب هذا القبر ، عليهم لعائن الله المتتابعة إلى يوم القيامة . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال الرازي : النوع السادس من السحر :</span></span> الاستعانة بخواص الأدوية يعني في الأطعمة والدهانات . قال : واعلم أن لا سبيل إلى إنكار الخواص ، فإن أثر المغناطيس مشاهد . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : يدخل في هذا القبيل كثير ممن يدعي الفقر ويتخيل على جهلة الناس بهذه الخواص ، مدعيا أنها أحوال له من مخالطة النيران ومسك الحيات إلى غير ذلك من المحالات . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال : النوع السابع من السحر :</span></span> تعليق القلب ، وهو أن يدعي الساحر أنه عرف الاسم الأعظم ، وأن الجن يطيعونه وينقادون له في أكثر الأمور ، فإذا اتفق أن يكون ذلك السامع لذلك ضعيف العقل قليل التمييز اعتقد أنه حق ، وتعلق قلبه بذلك وحصل في نفسه نوع من الرهب والمخافة ، فإذا حصل الخوف ضعفت القوى الحساسة فحينئذ يتمكن الساحر أن يفعل ما يشاء . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : هذا النمط يقال له التنبلة ، وإنما يروج على الضعفاء العقول من بني آدم . وفي علم الفراسة ما يرشد إلى معرفة كامل العقل من ناقصه ، فإذا كان المتنبل حاذقا في علم الفراسة عرف من ينقاد له من الناس من غيره . </b><br /><br /><b> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال : النوع الثامن من السحر :</span></span> السعي بالنميمة والتضريب من وجوه خفيفة لطيفة ، وذلك شائع في الناس .</b><b>[ ص: 371 ] </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : النميمة على قسمين ، تارة تكون على وجه التحريش [ بين الناس ] وتفريق قلوب المؤمنين ، فهذا حرام متفق عليه . فأما إذا كانت على وجه الإصلاح [ بين الناس ] وائتلاف كلمة المسلمين ، كما جاء في الحديث : " ليس بالكذاب من ينم خيرا " أو يكون على وجه التخذيل والتفريق بين جموع الكفرة " فهذا أمر مطلوب ، كما جاء في الحديث : " الحرب خدعة " . وكما فعل نعيم بن مسعود في تفريقه بين كلمة الأحزاب وبين قريظة ، وجاء إلى هؤلاء فنمى إليهم عن هؤلاء كلاما ، ونقل من هؤلاء إلى أولئك شيئا آخر ، ثم لأم بين ذلك ، فتناكرت النفوس وافترقت . وإنما يحذو على مثل هذا الذكاء والبصيرة النافذة . والله المستعان . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال الرازي : فهذه جملة الكلام في أقسام السحر وشرح أنواعه وأصنافه . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : وإنما أدخل كثيرا من هذه الأنواع المذكورة في فن السحر ، للطافة مداركها ; لأن السحر في اللغة : عبارة عما لطف وخفي سببه . ولهذا جاء في الحديث : " إن من البيان لسحرا " . وسمي السحور لكونه يقع خفيا آخر الليل ، والسحر : الرئة ، وهي محل الغذاء ، وسميت بذلك لخفائها ولطف مجاريها إلى أجزاء البدن وغضونه ، كما قال أبو جهل يوم بدر لعتبة : انتفخ سحرك أي : انتفخت رئته من الخوف . وقالت عائشة ، رضي الله عنها : توفي رسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بين سحري ونحري . وقال : ( سحروا أعين الناس ) أي : أخفوا عنهم عملهم ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> [ فصل] وقد ذكر الوزير أبو المظفر يحيى بن هبيرة بن محمد بن هبيرة في كتابه : " الإشراف على مذاهب الأشراف " بابا في السحر ، فقال : أجمعوا على أن السحر له حقيقة إلا أبا حنيفة ، فإنه قال : لا حقيقة له عنده . واختلفوا فيمن يتعلم السحر ويستعمله ، فقال أبو حنيفة ومالك وأحمد : يكفر بذلك . ومن أصحاب أبي حنيفة من قال : إن تعلمه ليتقيه أو ليجتنبه فلا يكفر ، ومن تعلمه معتقدا جوازه أو أنه ينفعه كفر . وكذا من اعتقد أن الشياطين تفعل له ما يشاء فهو كافر . وقال الشافعي ، رحمه الله : إذا تعلم السحر قلنا له : صف لنا سحرك . فإن وصف ما يوجب الكفر مثل ما اعتقده أهل بابل من التقرب إلى الكواكب السبعة ، وأنها تفعل ما يلتمس منها ، فهو كافر . وإن كان لا يوجب الكفر فإن اعتقد إباحته فهو كافر . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن هبيرة : وهل يقتل بمجرد فعله واستعماله ؟ فقال مالك وأحمد : نعم . وقال الشافعي وأبو حنيفة : لا . فأما إن قتل بسحره إنسانا فإنه يقتل عند مالك والشافعي وأحمد . وقال أبو حنيفة : لا [ ص: 372 ] يقتل حتى يتكرر منه ذلك أو يقر بذلك في حق شخص معين . وإذا قتل فإنه يقتل حدا عندهم إلا الشافعي ، فإنه قال : يقتل والحالة هذه قصاصا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال : وهل إذا تاب الساحر تقبل توبته ؟ فقال مالك ، وأبو حنيفة وأحمد في المشهور عنهما : لا تقبل . وقال الشافعي وأحمد في الرواية الأخرى : تقبل . وأما ساحر أهل الكتاب فعند أبي حنيفة أنه يقتل ، كما يقتل الساحر المسلم . وقال مالك والشافعي وأحمد : لا يقتل . يعني لقصة لبيد بن الأعصم . </b><br /><br /><b> واختلفوا في المسلمة الساحرة ، فعند أبي حنيفة لا تقتل ، ولكن تحبس . وقال الثلاثة : حكمها حكم الرجل ، والله أعلم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال أبو بكر الخلال : أخبرنا أبو بكر المروزي ، قال : قرأ على أبي عبد الله يعني أحمد بن حنبل عمر بن هارون ، حدثنا يونس ، عن الزهري ، قال : يقتل ساحر المسلمين ولا يقتل ساحر المشركين ; لأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سحرته امرأة من اليهود فلم يقتلها . </b><br /><br /><b> وقد نقل القرطبي عن مالك ، رحمه الله ، أنه قال في الذمي إذا سحر : يقتل إن قتل سحره ، وحكى ابن خويز منداد عن مالك روايتين في الذمي إذا سحر : إحداهما : أنه يستتاب فإن أسلم وإلا قتل ، والثانية : أنه يقتل وإن أسلم ، وأما الساحر المسلم فإن تضمن سحره كفرا كفر عند الأئمة الأربعة وغيرهم لقوله تعالى : " وما يعلمان من أحد حتى يقولا إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر . لكن قال مالك : إذا ظهر عليه لم تقبل توبته لأنه كالزنديق ، فإن تاب قبل أن يظهر عليه وجاءنا تائبا قبلناه ولم نقتله ، فإن قتل سحره قتل . قال الشافعي : فإن قال : لم أتعمد القتل فهو مخطئ تجب عليه الدية . </b><br /><br /><b> مسألة : وهل يسأل الساحر حل سحره ؟ فأجاز سعيد بن المسيب فيما نقله عنه البخاري ، وقال عامر الشعبي : لا بأس بالنشرة ، وكره ذلك الحسن البصري ، وفي الصحيح عن عائشة : أنها قالت : يا رسول الله ، هلا تنشرت ، فقال : " أما الله فقد شفاني ، وخشيت أن أفتح على الناس شرا " . وحكى القرطبي عن وهب : أنه قال : يؤخذ سبع ورقات من سدر فتدق بين حجرين ثم تضرب بالماء ويقرأ عليها آية الكرسي ويشرب منها المسحور ثلاث حسوات ثم يغتسل بباقيه فإنه يذهب ما به ، وهو جيد للرجل الذي يؤخذ عن امرأته . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت: أنفع ما يستعمل لإذهاب السحر ما أنزل الله على رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في إذهاب ذلك وهما المعوذتان ، وفي الحديث : " لم يتعوذ المتعوذون بمثلهما " وكذلك قراءة آية الكرسي فإنها مطردة للشيطان . وقال أبو عبد الله القرطبي : وعندنا أن السحر حق ، وله حقيقة يخلق الله عنده ما يشاء</b><b>[ ص: 373] خلافا للمعتزلة وأبي إسحاق الإسفراييني من الشافعية حيث قالوا : إنه تمويه وتخيل . قال : ومن السحر ما يكون بخفة اليد كالشعوذة والشعوذي البريد ; لخفة سيره . قال ابن فارس : هذه الكلمة من كلام أهل البادية . قال القرطبي : ومنه ما يكون كلاما يحفظ ورقى من أسماء الله تعالى ، وقد يكون من عهود الشياطين ويكون أدوية وأدخنة وغير ذلك . قال : وقوله ، عليه السلام : " إن من البيان لسحرا " يحتمل أن يكون مدحا كما تقوله طائفة ، ويحتمل أن يكون ذما للبلاغة . قال : وهذا الأصح . قال : لأنها تصوب الباطل حين يوهم السامع أنه حق كما قال : " فلعل بعضكم أن يكون ألحن بحجته من بعض " فاقتضى له ، الحديث . </b><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><b>70</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #274e13;"><br /><b>( ياأيها الذين آمنوا لا تقولوا راعنا وقولوا انظرنا واسمعوا وللكافرين عذاب أليم ( 104 ) ما يود الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب ولا المشركين أن ينزل عليكم من خير من ربكم والله يختص برحمته من يشاء والله ذو الفضل العظيم ( 105 ) </b></span></span><br /><br /><b> نهى الله تعالى المؤمنين أن يتشبهوا بالكافرين في مقالهم وفعالهم ، وذلك أن اليهود كانوا يعانون من الكلام ما فيه تورية لما يقصدونه من التنقيص عليهم لعائن الله فإذا أرادوا أن يقولوا : اسمع لنا يقولون : راعنا . يورون بالرعونة ، كما قال تعالى : ( من الذين هادوا يحرفون الكلم عن مواضعه ويقولون سمعنا وعصينا واسمع غير مسمع وراعنا ليا بألسنتهم وطعنا في الدين ولو أنهم قالوا سمعنا وأطعنا واسمع وانظرنا لكان خيرا لهم وأقوم ولكن لعنهم الله بكفرهم فلا يؤمنون إلا قليلا ) [ النساء : 46 ] وكذلك جاءت الأحاديث بالإخبار عنهم ، بأنهم كانوا إذا سلموا إنما يقولون : السام عليكم . والسام هو : الموت . ولهذا أمرنا أن نرد عليهم ب " وعليكم " . وإنما يستجاب لنا فيهم ، ولا يستجاب لهم فينا . </b><br /><br /><b> والغرض : أن الله تعالى نهى المؤمنين عن مشابهة الكافرين قولا وفعلا . فقال : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تقولوا راعنا وقولوا انظرنا واسمعوا وللكافرين عذاب أليم ) </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا أبو النضر ، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن ثابت ، حدثنا حسان بن عطية ، عن أبي منيب الجرشي ، عن ابن عمر ، رضي الله عنهما ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " بعثت بين يدي الساعة بالسيف ، حتى يعبد الله وحده لا شريك له . وجعل رزقي تحت ظل رمحي ، وجعلت الذلة والصغار على من خالف أمري ، ومن تشبه بقوم فهو منهم " . </b><br /><br /><b> وروى أبو داود ، عن عثمان بن أبي شيبة ، عن أبي النضر هاشم بن القاسم به " من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم "</b><b>[ ص: 374 ] </b><br /><br /><b> ففيه دلالة على النهي الشديد والتهديد والوعيد ، على التشبه بالكفار في أقوالهم وأفعالهم ، ولباسهم وأعيادهم ، وعباداتهم وغير ذلك من أمورهم التي لم تشرع لنا ولم نقرر عليها . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا نعيم بن حماد ، حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك ، حدثنا مسعر ، عن معن وعون أو أحدهما أن رجلا أتى عبد الله بن مسعود ، فقال : اعهد إلي . فقال : إذا سمعت الله يقول ( ياأيها الذين آمنوا ) فأرعها سمعك ، فإنه خير يأمر به أو شر ينهى عنه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الأعمش ، عن خيثمة ، قال : ما تقرؤون في القرآن : ( ياأيها الذين آمنوا ) فإنه في التوراة : " يا أيها المساكين " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن سعيد بن جبير أو عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : ( راعنا ) أي : أرعنا سمعك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس : ( ياأيها الذين آمنوا لا تقولوا راعنا ) قال : كانوا يقولون للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أرعنا سمعك . وإنما ( راعنا ) كقولك : عاطنا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن أبي العالية ، وأبي مالك ، والربيع بن أنس ، وعطية العوفي ، وقتادة ، نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال مجاهد : ( لا تقولوا راعنا ) لا تقولوا خلافا . وفي رواية : لا تقولوا : اسمع منا ونسمع منك . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال عطاء : ( لا تقولوا راعنا ) كانت لغة تقولها الأنصار فنهى الله عنها . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال الحسن : ( لا تقولوا راعنا ) قال : الراعن من القول السخري منه . نهاهم الله أن يسخروا من قول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وما يدعوهم إليه من الإسلام . وكذا روي عن ابن جريج أنه قال مثله . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال أبو صخر : ( لا تقولوا راعنا وقولوا انظرنا واسمعوا ) قال : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، إذا أدبر ناداه من كانت له حاجة من المؤمنين ، فيقول : أرعنا سمعك . فأعظم الله رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يقال ذلك له . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : كان رجل من اليهود من بني قينقاع ، يدعى رفاعة بن زيد يأتي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فإذا لقيه فكلمه قال : أرعني سمعك واسمع غير مسمع . وكان المسلمون يحسبون أن الأنبياء كانت تفخم بهذا ، فكان ناس منهم يقولون : اسمع غير مسمع : غير صاغر . وهي كالتي في سورة النساء . فتقدم الله إلى المؤمنين أن لا يقولوا : راعنا .</b><b>[ ص: 375 ] </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا قال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم ، بنحو من هذا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن جرير : والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا : أن الله نهى المؤمنين أن يقولوا لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم : راعنا ; لأنها كلمة كرهها الله تعالى أن يقولها لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم ، نظير الذي ذكر عن النبي قال : " لا تقولوا للعنب الكرم ، ولكن قولوا : الحبلة . ولا تقولوا : عبدي ، ولكن قولوا : فتاي " . وما أشبه ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى :(ما يود الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب ولا المشركين أن ينزل عليكم من خير من ربكم ) يبين بذلك تعالى شدة عداوة الكافرين من أهل الكتاب والمشركين ، الذين حذر تعالى من مشابهتهم للمؤمنين ; ليقطع المودة بينهم وبينهم . وينبه تعالى على ما أنعم به على المؤمنين من الشرع التام الكامل ، الذي شرعه لنبيهم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ، حيث يقول تعالى : ( والله يختص برحمته من يشاء والله ذو الفضل العظيم ) </b><br /><br /><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><b>71</b></span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><br /><b>ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ألم تعلم أن الله على كل شيء قدير ( 106 ) ألم تعلم أن الله له ملك السماوات والأرض وما لكم من دون الله من ولي ولا نصير ( 107 )</b></span></span><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) ما نبدل من آية . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جريج ، عن مجاهد : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) أي : ما نمح من آية . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) قال : نثبت خطها ونبدل حكمها . حدث به عن أصحاب عبد الله بن مسعود . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن أبي العالية ، ومحمد بن كعب القرظي ، نحو ذلك . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال الضحاك : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) ما ننسك . وقال عطاء : أما ( ما ننسخ ) فما نترك من القرآن . وقال ابن أبي حاتم : يعني : ترك فلم ينزل على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) نسخها : قبضها . وقال ابن أبي حاتم : يعني : قبضها : رفعها ، مثل قوله : الشيخ والشيخة إذا زنيا فارجموهما البتة . وقوله : " لو كان لابن آدم واديان من مال لابتغى لهما ثالثا " . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) ما ينقل من حكم آية إلى غيره فنبدله ونغيره ، وذلك أن يحول الحلال حراما والحرام حلالا والمباح محظورا ، والمحظور مباحا . ولا يكون ذلك إلا في الأمر والنهي والحظر والإطلاق والمنع والإباحة . فأما الأخبار فلا يكون فيها ناسخ ولا منسوخ . وأصل النسخ من نسخ الكتاب ، وهو نقله من نسخة أخرى إلى غيرها ، فكذلك معنى نسخ الحكم إلى غيره ، [ ص: 376 ] إنما هو تحويله ونقل عبادة إلى غيرها . وسواء نسخ حكمها أو خطها ، إذ هي في كلتا حالتيها منسوخة . وأما علماء الأصول فاختلفت عباراتهم في حد النسخ ، والأمر في ذلك قريب ; لأن معنى النسخ الشرعي معلوم عند العلماء ، ولخص بعضهم أنه رفع الحكم بدليل شرعي متأخر . فاندرج في ذلك نسخ الأخف بالأثقل ، وعكسه ، والنسخ لا إلى بدل . وأما تفاصيل أحكام النسخ وذكر أنواعه وشروطه فمبسوط في فن أصول الفقه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الطبراني : حدثنا أبو شبيل عبيد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن واقد ، حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا العباس بن الفضل ، عن سليمان بن أرقم ، عن الزهري ، عن سالم ، عن أبيه ، قال : قرأ رجلان سورة أقرأهما رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكانا يقرءان بها ، فقاما ذات ليلة يصليان ، فلم يقدرا منها على حرف فأصبحا غاديين على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فذكرا ذلك له ، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إنها مما نسخ وأنسي ، فالهوا عنها " . فكان الزهري يقرؤها : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها ) بضم النون خفيفة . سليمان بن أرقم ضعيف . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وقد روى أبو بكر بن الأنباري ، عن أبيه ، عن نصر بن داود ، عن أبي عبيد ، عن عبد الله بن صالح ، عن الليث ، عن يونس وعبيد وعقيل ، عن ابن شهاب ، عن أبي أمامة بن سهل بن حنيف مثله مرفوعا ، ذكره القرطبي ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله تعالى : ( أو ننسها ) فقرئ على وجهين : " ننسأها وننسها " . فأما من قرأها : " ننسأها " بفتح النون والهمزة بعد السين فمعناه : نؤخرها . قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسئها ) يقول : ما نبدل من آية ، أو نتركها لا نبدلها . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال مجاهد عن أصحاب ابن مسعود : ( أو ننسئها ) نثبت خطها ونبدل حكمها . وقال عبيد بن عمير ، ومجاهد ، وعطاء : ( أو ننسئها ) نؤخرها ونرجئها . وقال عطية العوفي : ( أو ننسئها ) نؤخرها فلا ننسخها . وقال السدي مثله أيضا ، وكذا [ قال ] الربيع بن أنس . وقال الضحاك : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسئها ) يعني : الناسخ من المنسوخ . وقال أبو العالية : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسئها ) أي : نؤخرها عندنا . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن حاتم : حدثنا عبيد الله بن إسماعيل البغدادي ، حدثنا خلف ، حدثنا الخفاف ، عن إسماعيل يعني ابن مسلم عن حبيب بن أبي ثابت،عن سعيد بن جبير،عن ابن عباس قال:</b><b>[ص:377] </b><br /><br /><b>خطبنا عمر ، رضي الله عنه ، فقال : يقول الله عز وجل : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها ) أي : نؤخرها . </b><br /><br /><b> وأما على قراءة : ( أو ننسها ) فقال عبد الرزاق ، عن قتادة في قوله : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها ) قال : كان الله تعالى ينسي نبيه ما يشاء وينسخ ما يشاء . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا سواد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا خالد بن الحارث ، حدثنا عوف ، عن الحسن أنه قال في قوله : ( أو ننسها ) قال : إن نبيكم صلى الله عليه وسلم أقرئ قرآنا ثم نسيه . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا ابن نفيل ، حدثنا محمد بن الزبير الحراني ، عن الحجاج يعني الجزري عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : كان مما ينزل على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الوحي بالليل وينساه بالنهار ، فأنزل الله ، عز وجل : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ) </b><br /><br /><b> قال أبو حاتم : قال لي أبو جعفر بن نفيل : ليس هو الحجاج بن أرطاة ، هو شيخ لنا جزري . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال عبيد بن عمير : ( أو ننسها ) نرفعها من عندكم . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال ابن جرير : حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم ، حدثنا هشيم ، عن يعلى بن عطاء ، عن القاسم بن ربيعة قال : سمعت سعد بن أبي وقاص يقرأ : " ما ننسخ من آية أو تنسها " قال : قلت له : فإن سعيد بن المسيب يقرأ : " أو تنسها " . قال : فقال سعد : إن القرآن لم ينزل على المسيب ولا على آل المسيب ، قال الله ، جل ثناؤه : ( سنقرئك فلا تنسى ) [ الأعلى : 6 ] ( واذكر ربك إذا نسيت ) [ الكهف : 24 ] . </b><br /><br /><b> وكذا رواه عبد الرزاق ، عن هشيم وأخرجه الحاكم في مستدركه من حديث أبي حاتم الرازي ، عن آدم ، عن شعبة ، عن يعلى بن عطاء ، به . وقال : على شرط الشيخين ، ولم يخرجاه . </b><br /><br /><b> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن محمد بن كعب ، وقتادة وعكرمة ، نحو قول سعيد . </b><br /><br /><b> وقال الإمام أحمد : أخبرنا يحيى ، حدثنا سفيان الثوري ، عن حبيب بن أبي ثابت ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال عمر : علي أقضانا ، وأبي أقرؤنا ، وإنا لندع بعض ما يقول أبي ، وأبي يقول : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول ، فلن أدعه لشيء . والله يقول : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسأها نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ) . </b><br /><br /><b> قال البخاري : حدثنا عمرو بن علي ، حدثنا يحيى ، حدثنا سفيان ، عن حبيب ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : قال عمر : أقرؤنا أبي ، وأقضانا علي ، وإنا لندع من قول أبي ، وذلك أن [ص: 378] أبيا يقول : لا أدع شيئا سمعته من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . وقد قال الله : ( ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها) </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ) أي : في الحكم بالنسبة إلى مصلحة المكلفين ، كما قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( نأت بخير منها ) يقول : خير لكم في المنفعة ، وأرفق بكم . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال أبو العالية : ( ما ننسخ من آية ) فلا نعمل بها ،(أو ننسأها) أي : نرجئها عندنا ، نأت بها أو نظيرها . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال السدي : ( نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ) يقول : نأت بخير من الذي نسخناه ، أو مثل الذي تركناه . </b><br /><br /><b>وقال قتادة : ( نأت بخير منها أو مثلها ) يقول : آية فيها تخفيف ، فيها رخصة ، فيها أمر ، فيها نهي . </b><br /><br /><b> وقوله : ( ألم تعلم أن الله على كل شيء قدير ألم تعلم أن الله له ملك السماوات والأرض وما لكم من دون الله من ولي ولا نصير ) يرشد تعالى بهذا إلى أنه المتصرف في خلقه بما يشاء ، فله الخلق والأمر وهو المتصرف ، فكما خلقهم كما يشاء ، ويسعد من يشاء ، ويشقي من يشاء ، ويصح من يشاء ، ويمرض من يشاء ، ويوفق من يشاء ، ويخذل من يشاء ، كذلك يحكم في عباده بما يشاء ، فيحل ما يشاء ، ويحرم ما يشاء ، ويبيح ما يشاء ، ويحظر ما يشاء ، وهو الذي يحكم ما يريد لا معقب لحكمه . ولا يسأل عما يفعل وهم يسألون . ويختبر عباده وطاعتهم لرسله بالنسخ ، فيأمر بالشيء لما فيه من المصلحة التي يعلمها تعالى ، ثم ينهى عنه لما يعلمه تعالى . . فالطاعة كل الطاعة في امتثال أمره واتباع رسله في تصديق ما أخبروا . وامتثال ما أمروا . وترك ما عنه زجروا . وفي هذا المقام رد عظيم وبيان بليغ لكفر اليهود وتزييف شبهتهم لعنهم الله في دعوى استحالة النسخ إما عقلا كما زعمه بعضهم جهلا وكفرا ، وإما نقلا كما تخرصه آخرون منهم افتراء وإفكا . </b><br /><br /><b> قال الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير ، رحمه الله : فتأويل الآية : ألم تعلم يا محمد أن لي ملك السماوات والأرض وسلطانهما دون غيري ، أحكم فيهما وفيما فيهما بما أشاء ، وآمر فيهما وفيما فيهما بما أشاء ، وأنهى عما أشاء ، وأنسخ وأبدل وأغير من أحكامي التي أحكم بها في عبادي ما أشاء إذا أشاء ، وأقر فيهما ما أشاء . </b><br /><br /><b> ثم قال : وهذا الخبر وإن كان من الله تعالى خطابا لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم على وجه الخبر عن عظمته ، فإنه منه تكذيب لليهود الذين أنكروا نسخ أحكام التوراة ، وجحدوا نبوة عيسى ومحمد ، عليهما الصلاة [ ص: 379 ] والسلام ، لمجيئهما بما جاءا به من عند الله بتغير ما غير الله من حكم التوراة . فأخبرهم الله أن له ملك السماوات والأرض وسلطانهما ، وأن الخلق أهل مملكته وطاعته وعليهم السمع والطاعة لأمره ونهيه ، وأن له أمرهم بما يشاء ، ونهيهم عما يشاء ، ونسخ ما يشاء ، وإقرار ما يشاء ، وإنشاء ما يشاء من إقراره وأمره ونهيه . </b><br /><br /><b> [ وأمر إبراهيم ، عليه السلام ، بذبح ولده ، ثم نسخه قبل الفعل ، وأمر جمهور بنى إسرائيل بقتل من عبد العجل منهم ، ثم رفع عنهم القتل كيلا يستأصلهم القتل ] . </b><br /><br /><b> قلت : الذي يحمل اليهود على البحث في مسألة النسخ ، إنما هو الكفر والعناد ، فإنه ليس في العقل ما يدل على امتناع النسخ في أحكام الله تعالى ; لأنه يحكم ما يشاء كما أنه يفعل ما يريد ، مع أنه قد وقع ذلك في كتبه المتقدمة وشرائعه الماضية ، كما أحل لآدم تزويج بناته من بنيه ، ثم حرم ذلك ، وكما أباح لنوح بعد خروجه من السفينة أكل جميع الحيوانات ، ثم نسخ حل بعضها ، وكان نكاح الأختين مباحا لإسرائيل وبنيه ، وقد حرم ذلك في شريعة التوراة وما بعدها . وأشياء كثيرة يطول ذكرها ، وهم يعترفون بذلك ويصدفون عنه . وما يجاب به عن هذه الأدلة بأجوبة لفظية ، فلا تصرف الدلالة في المعنى ، إذ هو المقصود ، وكما في كتبهم مشهورا من البشارة بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم والأمر باتباعه ، فإنه يفيد وجوب متابعته ، عليه السلام ، وأنه لا يقبل عمل إلا على شريعته . وسواء قيل إن الشرائع المتقدمة مغياة إلى بعثته ، عليه السلام ، فلا يسمى ذلك نسخا كقوله : ( ثم أتموا الصيام إلى الليل ) [ البقرة : 187 ] ، وقيل : إنها مطلقة ، وإن شريعة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم نسختها ، فعلى كل تقدير فوجوب اتباعه معين لأنه جاء بكتاب هو آخر الكتب عهدا بالله تبارك وتعالى . </b><br /><br /><b> ففي هذا المقام بين تعالى جواز النسخ ، ردا على اليهود ، عليهم لعائن الله ، حيث قال تعالى : ( ألم تعلم أن الله على كل شيء قدير ألم تعلم أن الله له ملك السماوات والأرض وما لكم من دون الله من ولي ولا نصير ) الآية ، فكما أن له الملك بلا منازع ، فكذلك له الحكم بما يشاء ، ( ألا له الخلق والأمر ) [ الأعراف : 54 ] وقرئ في سورة آل عمران ، التي نزل صدرها خطابا مع أهل الكتاب ، وقوع النسخ عند اليهود في قوله تعالى : ( كل الطعام كان حلا لبني إسرائيل إلا ما حرم إسرائيل على نفسه)الآية<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">[آل عمران : 93]</span></span> كما سيأتي تفسيرها ، والمسلمون كلهم متفقون على جواز النسخ في أحكام الله تعالى ، لما له في ذلك من الحكم البالغة ، وكلهم قال بوقوعه . وقال أبو مسلم الأصبهاني المفسر : لم يقع شيء من ذلك في القرآن ، وقوله هذا ضعيف مردود مرذول . وقد تعسف في الأجوبة عما وقع من النسخ ، فمن ذلك قضية العدة بأربعة أشهر وعشرا بعد الحول لم يجب على ذلك بكلام مقبول ، وقضية تحويل القبلة إلى الكعبة ، عن بيت المقدس لم يجب [ص:380] بشيء ، ومن ذلك نسخ مصابرة المسلم لعشرة من الكفرة إلى مصابرة الاثنين ، ومن ذلك نسخ وجوب الصدقة قبل مناجاة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وغير ذلك ، والله أعلم . </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>يأتي بعده ان شاء الله 12</b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5139471867662315536.post-88725974621026080132017-02-09T03:21:00.005-08:002017-02-14T21:15:05.686-08:0010 من(وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها..)الي قوله تعالي(وقالوا قلوبنا غلف..)<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<ul style="text-align: right;">
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b>[ ص: 302 ](وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها والله مخرج ما كنتم تكتمون ( 72 ) فقلنا اضربوه ببعضها كذلك يحيي الله الموتى ويريكم آياته لعلكم تعقلون ( 73 ) </b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال البخاري : ( فادارأتم ) اختلفتم . وهكذا قال مجاهد فيما رواه ابن أبي حاتم ، عن أبيه ، عن أبي حذيفة ، عن شبل عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد ، أنه قال في قوله تعالى : ( وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها ) اختلفتم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عطاء الخراساني ، والضحاك : اختصمتم فيها . وقال ابن جريج ( وإذ قتلتم نفسا فادارأتم فيها ) قال : قال بعضهم أنتم قتلتموه . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال آخرون : بل أنتم قتلتموه . وكذا قال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ( والله مخرج ما كنتم تكتمون ) قال مجاهد : ما تغيبون . وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا عمرو بن مسلم البصري ، حدثنا محمد بن الطفيل العبدي ، حدثنا صدقة بن رستم ، سمعت المسيب بن رافع يقول : ما عمل رجل حسنة في سبعة أبيات إلا أظهرها الله ، وما عمل رجل سيئة في سبعة أبيات إلا أظهرها الله ، وتصديق ذلك في كلام الله : ( والله مخرج ما كنتم تكتمون فقلنا اضربوه ببعضها ) هذا البعض أي شيء كان من أعضاء هذه البقرة فالمعجزة حاصلة به . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وخرق العادة به كائن ، وقد كان معينا في نفس الأمر ، فلو كان في تعيينه لنا فائدة تعود علينا في أمر الدين أو الدنيا لبينه الله تعالى لنا ، ولكن أبهمه ، ولم يجئ من طريق صحيح عن معصوم بيانه فنحن نبهمه كما أبهمه الله . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ولهذا قال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أحمد بن سنان ، حدثنا عفان بن مسلم ، حدثنا عبد الواحد بن زياد حدثنا الأعمش ، عن المنهال بن عمرو ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، قال : إن أصحاب بقرة بني إسرائيل طلبوها أربعين سنة حتى وجدوها عند رجل في بقر له ، وكانت بقرة تعجبه ، قال : فجعلوا يعطونه بها فيأبى ، حتى أعطوه ملء مسكها دنانير ، فذبحوها ، فضربوه يعني القتيل بعضو منها ، فقام تشخب أوداجه دما [ فسألوه ] فقالوا له : من قتلك ؟ قال : قتلني فلان . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وكذا قال الحسن ، وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : إنه ضرب ببعضها . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وفي رواية عن ابن عباس : إنهم ضربوه بالعظم الذي يلي الغضروف . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عبد الرزاق : أنبأنا معمر ، قال : قال أيوب ، عن ابن سيرين ، عن عبيدة : ضربوا القتيل ببعض لحمها . وقال معمر : قال قتادة : فضربوه بلحم فخذها فعاش ، فقال : قتلني فلان . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال أبو أسامة ، عن النضر بن عربي ، عن عكرمة : ( فقلنا اضربوه ببعضها ) [ قال ] فضرب</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 303 ] بفخذها فقام ، فقال : قتلني فلان . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال ابن أبي حاتم : وروي عن مجاهد ، وقتادة ، نحو ذلك . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال السدي : فضربوه بالبضعة التي بين الكتفين فعاش ، فسألوه ، فقال : قتلني ابن أخي . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال أبو العالية : أمرهم موسى ، عليه السلام ، أن يأخذوا عظما من عظامها ، فيضربوا به القتيل ، ففعلوا ، فرجع إليه روحه ، فسمى لهم قاتله ثم عاد ميتا كما كان . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : فضربوه ببعض آرابها [ وقيل : بلسانها ، وقيل : بعجب ذنبها ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقوله : ( كذلك يحيي الله الموتى ) أي : فضربوه فحيي . ونبه تعالى على قدرته وإحيائه الموتى بما شاهدوه من أمر القتيل : جعل تبارك وتعالى ذلك الصنع حجة لهم على المعاد ، وفاصلا ما كان بينهم من الخصومة والفساد ، والله تعالى قد ذكر في هذه السورة ما خلقه في إحياء الموتى ، في خمسة مواضع : ( ثم بعثناكم من بعد موتكم ) [البقرة : 56] . وهذه القصة ، وقصة الذين خرجوا من ديارهم وهم ألوف حذر الموت ، وقصة الذي مر على قرية وهي خاوية على عروشها ، وقصة إبراهيم والطيور الأربعة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ونبه تعالى بإحياء الأرض بعد موتها على إعادة الأجسام بعد صيرورتها رميما ، كما قال أبو داود الطيالسي : حدثنا شعبة ، أخبرني يعلى بن عطاء ، قال : سمعت وكيع بن عدس ، يحدث عن أبي رزين العقيلي ، قال : قلت : يا رسول الله ، كيف يحيي الله الموتى ؟ قال : " أما مررت بواد ممحل ، ثم مررت به خضرا ؟ " قال : بلى . قال : " كذلك النشور " . أو قال : " كذلك يحيي الله الموتى " . وشاهد هذا قوله تعالى : ( وآية لهم الأرض الميتة أحييناها وأخرجنا منها حبا فمنه يأكلون وجعلنا فيها جنات من نخيل وأعناب وفجرنا فيها من العيون ليأكلوا من ثمره وما عملته أيديهم أفلا يشكرون ) [ يس : 35 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> مسألة : استدل لمذهب مالك في كون قول الجريح : فلان قتلني لوثا بهذه القصة ; لأن القتيل لما حيي سئل عمن قتله فقال : قتلني فلان ، فكان ذلك مقبولا منه ; لأنه لا يخبر حينئذ إلا بالحق ، ولا يتهم والحالة هذه ، ورجحوا ذلك بحديث أنس : أن يهوديا قتل جارية على أوضاح لها ، فرضخ رأسها بين حجرين فقيل : من فعل بك هذا ؟ أفلان ؟ أفلان ؟ حتى ذكر اليهودي ، فأومأت برأسها ، فأخذ اليهودي ، فلم يزل به حتى اعترف ، فأمر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يرد رأسه بين حجرين وعند مالك : إذا كان لوثا حلف أولياء القتيل قسامة ، وخالف الجمهور في ذلك ولم يجعلوا قول القتيل في [ ص: 304 ] ذلك لوثا . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><b>52</b><br /><b>ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة وإن من الحجارة لما يتفجر منه الأنهار وإن منها لما يشقق فيخرج منه الماء وإن منها لما يهبط من خشية الله وما الله بغافل عما تعملون ( 74 ) </b></span></span></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يقول تعالى توبيخا لبني إسرائيل ، وتقريعا لهم على ما شاهدوه من آيات الله تعالى ، وإحيائه الموتى : ( ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك ) كله ( فهي كالحجارة ) التي لا تلين أبدا . ولهذا نهى الله المؤمنين عن مثل حالهم فقال : ( ألم يأن للذين آمنوا أن تخشع قلوبهم لذكر الله وما نزل من الحق ولا يكونوا كالذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبل فطال عليهم الأمد فقست قلوبهم وكثير منهم فاسقون ) [ الحديد : 16 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال العوفي ، في تفسيره ، عن ابن عباس : لما ضرب المقتول ببعض البقرة جلس أحيا ما كان قط ، فقيل له : من قتلك ؟ فقال : بنو أخي قتلوني . ثم قبض . فقال بنو أخيه حين قبض : والله ما قتلناه ، فكذبوا بالحق بعد إذا رأوا . فقال الله : ( ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك ) يعني : بني أخي الشيخ ( فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة ) فصارت قلوب بني إسرائيل مع طول الأمد قاسية بعيدة عن الموعظة بعد ما شاهدوه من الآيات والمعجزات فهي في قسوتها كالحجارة التي لا علاج للينها أو أشد قسوة من الحجارة ، فإن من الحجارة ما تتفجر منها العيون الجارية بالأنهار ، ومنها ما يشقق فيخرج منه الماء ، وإن لم يكن جاريا ، ومنها ما يهبط من رأس الجبل من خشية الله ، وفيه إدراك لذلك بحسبه ، كما قال : ( تسبح له السماوات السبع والأرض ومن فيهن وإن من شيء إلا يسبح بحمده ولكن لا تفقهون تسبيحهم إنه كان حليما غفورا) [ الإسراء : 44 ] .</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد أنه كان يقول : كل حجر يتفجر منه الماء ، أو يتشقق عن ماء ، أو يتردى من رأس جبل ، لمن خشية الله ، نزل بذلك القرآن . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( وإن من الحجارة لما يتفجر منه الأنهار وإن منها لما يشقق فيخرج منه الماء وإن منها لما يهبط من خشية الله ) أي وإن من الحجارة لألين من قلوبكم عما تدعون إليه من الحق ( وما الله بغافل عما تعملون ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وقال أبو علي الجبائي في تفسيره : ( وإن منها لما يهبط من خشية الله ) هو سقوط البرد من </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ ص: 305 ] السحاب . قال القاضي الباقلاني : وهذا تأويل بعيد ، وتبعه في استبعاده فخر الدين الرازي وهو كما قالا ; فإن هذا خروج عن ظاهر اللفظ بلا دليل ، والله أعلم ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا هشام بن عمار ، حدثنا الحكم بن هشام الثقفي ، حدثني يحيى بن أبي طالب يعني يحيى بن يعقوب في قوله تعالى : ( وإن من الحجارة لما يتفجر منه الأنهار ) قال : هو كثرة البكاء ( وإن منها لما يشقق فيخرج منه الماء ) قال : قليل البكاء ( وإن منها لما يهبط من خشية الله ) قال : بكاء القلب ، من غير دموع العين </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقد زعم بعضهم أن هذا من باب المجاز ; وهو إسناد الخشوع إلى الحجارة كما أسندت الإرادة إلى الجدار في قوله : ( يريد أن ينقض ) قال الرازي والقرطبي وغيرهما من الأئمة : ولا حاجة إلى هذا فإن الله تعالى يخلق فيها هذه الصفة كما في قوله تعالى : ( إنا عرضنا الأمانة على السماوات والأرض والجبال فأبين أن يحملنها وأشفقن منها ) الآية ، وقال : ( والنجم والشجر يسجدان ) و ( أولم يروا إلى ما خلق الله من شيء يتفيأ ظلاله ) الآية ، ( قالتا أتينا طائعين ) ( لو أنزلنا هذا القرآن على جبل ) الآية ، ( وقالوا لجلودهم لم شهدتم علينا قالوا أنطقنا الله ) الآية ، وفي الصحيح : " هذا جبل يحبنا ونحبه " ، وكحنين الجذع المتواتر خبره ، وفي صحيح مسلم : " إني لأعرف حجرا بمكة كان يسلم علي قبل أن أبعث إني لأعرفه الآن " وفي صفة الحجر الأسود أنه يشهد لمن استلمه بحق يوم القيامة ، وغير ذلك مما في معناه . وحكى القرطبي قولا أنها للتخيير ; أي مثلا لهذا وهذا ، وهذا مثل جالس الحسن أو ابن سيرين . . وكذا حكاه الرازي في تفسيره وزاد قولا آخر : إنها للإبهام بالنسبة إلى المخاطب كقول القائل أكلت خبزا أو تمرا ، وهو يعلم أيهما أكل ، وقال آخر : إنها بمعنى قول القائل : كل حلوا أو حامضا ; أي لا يخرج عن واحد منهما ; أي وقلوبكم صارت كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة منها لا تخرج عن واحد من هذين الشيئين . والله أعلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="color: red;">تنبيه : </span></span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> اختلف علماء العربية في معنى قوله تعالى :(فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة ) بعد الإجماع على استحالة كونها للشك ، فقال بعضهم:" أو "هاهنا بمعنى الواو ، تقديره : فهي كالحجارة وأشد قسوة كقوله تعالى : ( ولا تطع منهم آثما أو كفورا )[ الإنسان : 24 ] ، وكما قال النابغة الذبياني : </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">قالت ألا ليتما هذا الحمام لنا إلى حمامتنا أو نصفه فقد </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> تريد : ونصفه ، قاله ابن جرير . وقال جرير بن عطية : </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">نال الخلافة أو كانت له قدرا كما أتى ربه موسى على قدر </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال ابن جرير : يعني نال الخلافة ، وكانت له قدرا . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وحكى القرطبي قولا أنها للتخيير في مفهومها بهذا أو بهذا مثل جالس الحسن أو ابن سيرين ، وكذا حكاه فخر الدين في تفسيره وزاد قولا آخر وهو : أنها للإبهام وبالنسبة إلى المخاطب ، كقول القائل : أكلت خبزا أو تمرا وهو يعلم أيهما أكل ، وقولا آخر وهو أنها بمعنى قول القائل : أكلي حلو أو حامض ، أي : لا يخرج عن واحد منهما ، أي : وقلوبكم صارت في قسوتها كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة منها لا يخرج عن واحد من هذين الشيئين والله أعلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال آخرون : " أو " هاهنا بمعنى بل ، تقديره فهي كالحجارة بل أشد قسوة ، وكقوله : ( إذا فريق منهم يخشون الناس كخشية الله أو أشد خشية )[ النساء : 77 ]( وأرسلناه إلى مائة ألف أو يزيدون ) [ الصافات : 147 ] ( فكان قاب قوسين أو أدنى ) [ النجم : 9 ] وقال آخرون : معنى ذلك ( فهي كالحجارة أو أشد قسوة ) عندكم . حكاه ابن جرير . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال آخرون : المراد بذلك الإبهام على المخاطب ، كما قال أبو الأسود : [ ص: 306 ] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">أحب محمدا حبا شديدا وعباسا وحمزة والوصيا </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">فإن يك حبهم رشدا أصبه ولست بمخطئ إن كان غيا </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال ابن جرير : قالوا : ولا شك أن أبا الأسود لم يكن شاكا في أن حب من سمى رشد ، ولكنه أبهم على من خاطبه ، قال : وقد ذكر عن أبي الأسود أنه لما قال هذه الأبيات قيل له : شككت ؟ فقال : كلا والله . ثم انتزع بقول الله تعالى : ( وإنا أو إياكم لعلى هدى أو في ضلال مبين ) فقال : أوكان شاكا من أخبر بهذا في الهادي منهم من الضلال ؟ </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال بعضهم : معنى ذلك : فقلوبكم لا تخرج عن أحد هذين المثلين ، إما أن تكون مثل الحجارة في القسوة وإما أن تكون أشد منها قسوة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال ابن جرير : ومعنى ذلك على هذا التأويل : فبعضها كالحجارة قسوة ، وبعضها أشد قسوة من الحجارة . وقد رجحه ابن جرير مع توجيه غيره . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قلت : وهذا القول الأخير يبقى شبيها بقوله تعالى : ( مثلهم كمثل الذي استوقد نارا ) [ البقرة : 17 ] مع قوله : ( أو كصيب من السماء ) [ البقرة : 19 ] وكقوله : ( والذين كفروا أعمالهم كسراب بقيعة ) [ النور : 39 ] مع قوله : ( أو كظلمات في بحر لجي ) [ النور : 40 ] ، الآية أي : إن منهم من هو هكذا ، ومنهم من هو هكذا ، والله أعلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه : حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن إبراهيم ، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي الثلج ، حدثنا علي بن حفص ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد الله بن حاطب ، عن عبد الله بن دينار ، عن ابن عمر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لا تكثروا الكلام بغير ذكر الله ، فإن كثرة الكلام بغير ذكر الله قسوة القلب ، وإن أبعد الناس من الله القلب القاسي " . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> رواه الترمذي في كتاب الزهد من جامعه ، عن محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي الثلج ، صاحب الإمام أحمد ، به . ومن وجه آخر عن إبراهيم بن عبد الله بن الحارث بن حاطب ، به ، وقال : غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث إبراهيم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وروى البزار عن أنس مرفوعا : " أربع من الشقاء : جمود العين ، وقسي القلب ، وطول الأمل ، والحرص على الدنيا " ] . . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #134f5c;"><b>53</b><br /><b>[ ص: 307 ] ( أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ( 75 ) وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ ( 76 ) </b><b>( أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ( 77 ) ) </b></span></span></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : ( أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ ) أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ( أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ ) أَيْ : يَنْقَادُ لَكُمْ بِالطَّاعَةِ ، هَؤُلَاءِ الْفِرْقَةُ الضَّالَّةُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ ، الَّذِينَ شَاهَدَ آبَاؤُهُمْ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْبَيِّنَاتِ مَا شَاهَدُوهُ ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ ( وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ ) أَيْ : يَتَأَوَّلُونَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ ( مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ ) أَيْ : فَهِمُوهُ عَلَى الْجَلِيَّةِ وَمَعَ هَذَا يُخَالَفُونَهُ عَلَى بَصِيرَةٍ ( وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ) أَنَّهُمْ مُخْطِئُونَ فِيمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ تَحْرِيفِهِ وَتَأْوِيلِهِ ؟ وَهَذَا الْمَقَامُ شَبِيهٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ لَعَنَّاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ ) [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 13 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَوْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُؤَيِّسُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ : ( أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ) وَلَيْسَ قَوْلُهُ : ( يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ) يَسْمَعُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ . كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ سَمِعَهَا . وَلَكِنِ الَّذِينَ سَأَلُوا مُوسَى رُؤْيَةَ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ فِيهَا . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : فِيمَا حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لِمُوسَى : يَا مُوسَى ، قَدْ حِيلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، فَأَسْمِعْنَا كَلَامَهُ حِينَ يُكَلِّمُكَ . فَطَلَبَ ذَلِكَ مُوسَى إِلَى رَبِّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ : نَعَمْ ، مُرْهُمْ فَلْيَتَطَهَّرُوا ، وَلْيُطَهِّرُوا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَيَصُومُوا فَفَعَلُوا ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى أَتَوُا الطَّوْرَ ، فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمُ الْغَمَامُ أَمَرَهُمْ مُوسَى أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا ، فَوَقَعُوا سُجُودًا ، وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ تَعَالَى ، فَسَمِعُوا كَلَامَهُ يَأْمُرُهُمْ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ ، حَتَّى عَقَلُوا عَنْهُ مَا سَمِعُوا . ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ بِهِمْ إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءُوهُمْ حَرَّفَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ ، وَقَالُوا حِينَ قَالَ مُوسَى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا . قَالَ ذَلِكَ الْفَرِيقُ الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ : إِنَّمَا قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا خِلَافًا لِمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُمْ ، فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ عَنَى اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : ( وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ ) قَالَ : هِيَ التَّوْرَاةُ ، حَرَّفُوهَا . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَهَذَا الذِي ذَكَرَهُ السُّدِّيُّ أَعَمُّ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدِ اخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ لِظَاهِرِ السِّيَاقِ . فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَلْزَمُ مِنْ سَمَاعِ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْهُ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ الْكَلِيمُ مُوسَى بْنُ [ ص: 308 ] عِمْرَانَ ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ) [ التَّوْبَةِ : 6 ] ، أَيْ : مُبَلِّغًا إِلَيْهِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ) قَالَ : هُمُ الْيَهُودُ كَانُوا يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَوَعَوْهُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ : الَّذِينَ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَهُ هُمُ الْعُلَمَاءُ مِنْهُمْ . </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : عَمَدُوا إِلَى مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِمْ ، مِنْ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَحَرَّفُوهُ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : ( وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ) أَيْ أَنَّهُمْ أَذْنَبُوا . وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ : قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ ) قَالَ : التَّوْرَاةُ التِي أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ يُحَرِّفُونَهَا يَجْعَلُونَ الْحَلَالَ فِيهَا حَرَامًا ، وَالْحَرَامَ فِيهَا حَلَالًا وَالْحَقَّ فِيهَا بَاطِلًا وَالْبَاطِلَ فِيهَا حَقًا ; إِذَا جَاءَهُمُ الْمُحِقُّ بِرِشْوَةٍ أَخْرَجُوا لَهُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ ، وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمُ الْمُبْطِلُ بِرِشْوَةٍ أَخْرَجُوا لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ ، فَهُوَ فِيهِ مُحِقٌّ ، وَإِنْ جَاءَهُمْ أَحَدٌ يَسْأَلُهُمْ شَيْئًا لَيْسَ فِيهِ حَقٌّ ، وَلَا رِشْوَةٌ ، وَلَا شَيْءَ ، أَمَرُوهُ بِالْحَقِّ ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ : ( أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ ) [ الْبَقَرَةِ : 44 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا ) الْآيَةَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَوْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا ) أَيْ بِصَاحِبِكُمْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، وَلَكِنَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ خَاصَّةً . ( وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا ) لَا تُحَدِّثُوا الْعَرَبَ بِهَذَا ، فَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَفْتِحُونَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَكَانَ مِنْهُمْ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ ) أَيْ : تُقِرُّونَ بِأَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَخَذَ لَهُ الْمِيثَاقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ ، وَهُوَ يُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّهُ النَّبِيُّ الذِي كُنَّا نَنْتَظِرُ ، وَنَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِنَا . اجْحَدُوهُ وَلَا تُقِرُّوا بِهِ . يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ) . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ كَانُوا إِذَا لَقُوا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا : آمَنَّا </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : هَؤُلَاءِ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ نَافَقُوا . وَكَذَا قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَقَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ وَالْخَلَفِ ، حَتَّى قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْهُ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ قَالَ : " لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَيْنَا قَصَبَةَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ " . فَقَالَ رُؤَسَاؤُهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ وَالنِّفَاقِ : اذْهَبُوا فَقُولُوا : آمَنَّا ، وَاكْفُرُوا إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَيْنَا ، فَكَانُوا يَأْتُونَ الْمَدِينَةَ بِالْبُكَرِ ، وَيَرْجِعُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ . وَقَرَأَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمِنُوا بِالذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَجْهَ النَّهَارِ وَاكْفُرُوا آخِرَهُ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ )[آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 72 ]</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ص:309] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ ، إِذَا دَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ : نَحْنُ مُسْلِمُونَ . لِيَعْلَمُوا خَبَرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمْرَهُ . فَإِذَا رَجَعُوا رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْكُفْرِ . فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَطَعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمْ فَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يَدْخُلُونَ . وَكَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُؤْمِنُونَ فَيَقُولُونَ : أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ : بَلَى . فَإِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ [ يَعْنِي الرُّؤَسَاءَ ] قَالُوا : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) الْآيَةَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) يَعْنِي : بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ مِنْ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ ) قَالَ : كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ : سَيَكُونُ نَبِيٌّ . فَخَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ فَقَالُوا : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَوْلٌ آخَرُ فِي الْمُرَادِ بِالْفَتْحِ : قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ : حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِي بَزَّةَ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) قَالَ : قَامَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ قُرَيْظَةَ تَحْتَ حُصُونِهِمْ ، فَقَالَ : " يَا إِخْوَانَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ ، وَيَا عَبَدَةَ الطَّاغُوتِ " ، فَقَالُوا : مَنْ أَخْبَرَ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مُحَمَّدًا ؟ مَا خَرَجَ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ إِلَّا مِنْكُمْ ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) بِمَا حَكَمَ اللَّهُ ، لِلْفَتْحِ ، لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ حُجَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ . قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : هَذَا حِينَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيَّا فَآذَوْا مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) مِنَ الْعَذَابِ( لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ ) هَؤُلَاءِ نَاسٌ مَنَ الْيَهُودِ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ نَافَقُوا وَكَانُوا يُحَدِّثُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ بِمَا عُذِّبُوا بِهِ . فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ : ( أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ، لِيَقُولُوا : نَحْنُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ ، وَأَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِي : (أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ) يَعْنِي : بِمَا قَضَى [ اللَّهُ ] لَكُمْ وَعَلَيْكُمْ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ : هَؤُلَاءِ الْيَهُودُ ، كَانُوا إِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا : آمَنَّا ، وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : لَا تُحَدِّثُوا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِمَّا فِي كِتَابِكُمْ ، فَيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ ، فَيَخْصُمُوكُمْ.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 310 ] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَوْلُهُ : ( أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ) قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ : يَعْنِي مَا أَسَرُّوا مِنْ كُفْرِهِمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَكْذِيبِهِمْ بِهِ ، وَهُوَ يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ . وَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَةُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ : ( أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ ) قَالَ : كَانَ مَا أَسَرُّوا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا تَوَلَّوْا عَنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَخَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، تَنَاهَوْا أَنْ يُخْبِرَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِمَّا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ ، خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يُحَاجَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا فِي كِتَابِهِمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ . ( وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ) يَعْنِي : حِينَ قَالُوا لِأَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : آمَنَّا . وَكَذَا قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ ، وَقَتَادَةُ . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #444444;"><b>54</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #444444;">ومنهم أميون لا يعلمون الكتاب إلا أماني وإن هم إلا يظنون( 78 ) فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ثم يقولون هذا من عند الله ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل لهم مما يكسبون ( 79 ) </span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يقول تعالى : (ومنهم أميون ) أي : ومن أهل الكتاب ، قاله مجاهد : والأميون جمع أمي ، وهو : الرجل الذي لا يحسن الكتابة ، قاله أبو العالية ، والربيع ، وقتادة ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، وغير واحد وهو ظاهر في قوله تعالى : ( لا يعلمون الكتاب ) [ إلا أماني ] ) أي : لا يدرون ما فيه . ولهذا في صفات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه أمي ; لأنه لم يكن يحسن الكتابة ، كما قال تعالى : ( وما كنت تتلو من قبله من كتاب ولا تخطه بيمينك إذا لارتاب المبطلون ) [ العنكبوت : 48 ] وقال عليه الصلاة والسلام : " إنا أمة أمية ، لا نكتب ولا نحسب ، الشهر هكذا وهكذا وهكذا " الحديث . أي : لا نفتقر في عباداتنا ومواقيتها إلى كتاب ولا حساب وقال تعالى : ( هو الذي بعث في الأميين رسولا منهم ) [ الجمعة : 2 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال ابن جرير : نسبت العرب من لا يكتب ولا يخط من الرجال إلى أمه في جهله بالكتاب دون أبيه ، قال : وقد روي عن ابن عباس ، رضي الله عنهما قول خلاف هذا ، وهو ما حدثنا به أبو كريب : حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد ، عن بشر بن عمارة ، عن أبي روق ، عن الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله : ( ومنهم أميون ) قال : الأميون قوم لم يصدقوا رسولا أرسله الله ، ولا كتابا أنزله الله ، فكتبوا كتابا بأيديهم ، ثم قالوا لقوم سفلة جهال : ( هذا من عند الله ) وقال : قد أخبر أنهم يكتبون بأيديهم ، ثم سماهم أميين ، لجحودهم كتب الله ورسله . ثم قال ابن جرير : وهذا التأويل على خلاف ما يعرف من كلام العرب المستفيض بينهم . وذلك أن الأمي عند العرب : الذي لا يكتب . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قلت : ثم في صحة هذا عن ابن عباس ، بهذا الإسناد ، نظر . والله أعلم .</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 311 ] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قوله تعالى : ( إلا أماني ) قال ابن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس : ( إلا أماني ) إلا أحاديث . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس ، في قوله : ( إلا أماني ) يقول : إلا قولا يقولونه بأفواههم كذبا . وقال مجاهد : إلا كذبا . وقال سنيد ، عن حجاج ، عن ابن جريج عن مجاهد : ( ومنهم أميون لا يعلمون الكتاب إلا أماني ) قال : أناس من يهود لم يكونوا يعلمون من الكتاب شيئا ، وكانوا يتكلمون بالظن بغير ما في كتاب الله ، ويقولون : هو من الكتاب ، أماني يتمنونها . وعن الحسن البصري ، نحوه . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال أبو العالية ، والربيع وقتادة : ( إلا أماني ) يتمنون على الله ما ليس لهم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : ( إلا أماني ) قال : تمنوا فقالوا : نحن من أهل الكتاب . وليسوا منهم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: black;">قال ابن جرير</span></span> : والأشبه بالصواب قول الضحاك عن ابن عباس ، وقال مجاهد : إن الأميين الذين وصفهم الله أنهم لا يفقهون من الكتاب الذي أنزل الله على موسى شيئا ، ولكنهم يتخرصون الكذب ويتخرصون الأباطيل كذبا وزورا . والتمني في هذا الموضع هو تخلق الكذب وتخرصه . ومنه الخبر المروي عن عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه : " ما تغنيت ولا تمنيت " . يعني ما تخرصت الباطل ولا اختلقت الكذب . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( لا يعلمون الكتاب إلا أماني وإن هم إلا يظنون ) ولا يدرون ما فيه ، وهم يجحدون نبوتك بالظن . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال مجاهد : ( وإن هم إلا يظنون ) يكذبون . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال قتادة : وأبو العالية ، والربيع : يظنون الظنون بغير الحق . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقوله : ( فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ثم يقولون هذا من عند الله ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا ) الآية : هؤلاء صنف آخر من اليهود ، وهم الدعاة إلى الضلال بالزور والكذب على الله ، وأكل أموال الناس بالباطل . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> والويل : الهلاك والدمار ، وهي كلمة مشهورة في اللغة . وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن زياد بن فياض : سمعت أبا عياض يقول : ويل : صديد في أصل جهنم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عطاء بن يسار . الويل : واد في جهنم لو سيرت فيه الجبال لماعت .</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 312 ]</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا يونس بن عبد الأعلى ، أخبرنا ابن وهب ، أخبرني عمرو بن الحارث ، عن دراج ، عن أبي الهيثم ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال : " ويل واد في جهنم ، يهوي فيه الكافر أربعين خريفا قبل أن يبلغ قعره " . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ورواه الترمذي عن عبد بن حميد ، عن الحسن بن موسى ، عن ابن لهيعة ، عن دراج ، به . وقال : هذا حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ابن لهيعة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قلت : لم ينفرد به ابن لهيعة كما ترى ، ولكن الآفة ممن بعده ، وهذا الحديث بهذا الإسناد مرفوعا منكر ، والله أعلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا المثنى ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد السلام بن صالح العشيري حدثنا علي بن جرير ، عن حماد بن سلمة ، عن عبد الحميد بن جعفر ، عن كنانة العدوي ، عن عثمان بن عفان ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل لهم مما يكسبون ) قال : " الويل جبل في النار . وهو الذي أنزل في اليهود ; لأنهم حرفوا التوراة ، زادوا فيها ما أحبوا ، ومحوا منها ما يكرهون ، ومحوا اسم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم من التوراة . ولذلك غضب الله عليهم ، فرفع بعض التوراة ، فقال : ( فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل لهم مما يكسبون ) . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وهذا غريب أيضا جدا . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [وعن ابن عباس : الويل : السعير من العذاب ، وقال الخليل بن أحمد : الويل : شدة الشر ، وقال سيبويه : ويل : لمن وقع في الهلكة ، وويح لمن أشرف عليها ، وقال الأصمعي : الويل : تفجع والويل ترحم ، وقال غيره : الويل الحزن . وقال الخليل : وفي معنى ويل : ويح وويش وويه وويك وويب ، ومنهم من فرق بينها ، وقال بعض النحاة : إنما جاز الابتداء بها وهي نكرة ; لأن فيها معنى الدعاء ، ومنهم من جوز نصبها ، بمعنى : ألزمهم ويلا . قلت : لكن لم يقرأ بذلك أحد ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وعن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : ( فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ) قال : هم أحبار اليهود . وكذا قال سعيد ، عن قتادة : هم اليهود . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن عبد الرحمن بن علقمة : سألت ابن عباس عن قوله تعالى : ( فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ) قال : نزلت في المشركين وأهل الكتاب . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال السدي : كان ناس من اليهود كتبوا كتابا من عندهم ، يبيعونه من العرب ، ويحدثونهم أنه من عند الله ، ليأخذوا به ثمنا قليلا .</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 313 ] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال الزهري : أخبرني عبيد الله بن عبد الله ، عن ابن عباس أنه قال : يا معشر المسلمين ، كيف تسألون أهل الكتاب عن شيء ، وكتابكم الذي أنزل الله على نبيه ، أحدث أخبار الله تقرؤونه محضا لم يشب ؟ وقد حدثكم الله تعالى أن أهل الكتاب قد بدلوا كتاب الله وغيروه ، وكتبوا بأيديهم الكتاب ، وقالوا : هو من عند الله ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا ; أفلا ينهاكم ما جاءكم من العلم عن مساءلتهم ؟ ولا والله ما رأينا منهم أحدا قط سألكم عن الذي أنزل إليكم . رواه البخاري من طرق عن الزهري . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال الحسن بن أبي الحسن البصري : الثمن القليل : الدنيا بحذافيرها . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقوله تعالى :(فويل لهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل لهم مما يكسبون ) أي : فويل لهم مما كتبوا بأيديهم من الكذب والبهتان ، والافتراء ، وويل لهم مما أكلوا به من السحت ، كما قال الضحاك عن ابن عباس : ( فويل لهم ) يقول : فالعذاب عليهم ، من الذي كتبوا بأيديهم من ذلك الكذب ، ( وويل لهم مما يكسبون ) يقول : مما يأكلون به الناس السفلة وغيرهم . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b>55</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;">( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَنْ يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ( 80 )</span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنِ الْيَهُودِ فِيمَا نَقَلُوهُ وَادَّعَوْهُ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ، مِنْ أَنَّهُمْ لَنْ تَمَسَّهُمُ النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ، ثُمَّ يَنْجُونَ مِنْهَا ، فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ : ( قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا ) أَيْ : بِذَلِكَ ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ وَقَعَ عَهْدٌ فَهُوَ لَا يُخْلِفُ عَهْدَهُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا مَا جَرَى وَلَا كَانَ . وَلِهَذَا أَتَى بِ " أَمِ " التِي بِمَعْنَى : بَلْ ، أَيْ : بَلْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ وَالِافْتِرَاءِ عَلَيْهِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ : هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا سَبْعَةُ آلَافِ سَنَةٍ ، وَإِنَّمَا نُعَذَّبُ بِكُلِّ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ يَوْمًا فِي النَّارِ ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ سَبْعَةُ أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَةٍ . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : ( خَالِدُونَ )[الْبَقَرَةِ : 82] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ أَوْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، بِنَحْوِهِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ) الْيَهُودُ قَالُوا : لَنْ [ ص: 314 ] تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ، [ زَادَ غَيْرُهُ : هِيَ مُدَّةُ عِبَادَتِهِمُ الْعَجَلَ ، وَحَكَاهُ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَتَادَةَ ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : زَعَمَتِ الْيَهُودُ أَنَّهُمْ وَجَدُوا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مَكْتُوبًا : أَنَّ مَا بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْ جَهَنَّمَ مَسِيرَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ، إِلَى أَنْ يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى شَجَرَةِ الزَّقُّومِ ، التِي هِيَ نَابِتَةٌ فِي أَصْلِ الْجَحِيمِ . وَقَالَ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ : إِنَّمَا نُعَذَّبُ حَتَّى نَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى شَجَرَةِ الزَّقُّومِ فَتَذْهَبُ جَهَنَّمُ وَتَهْلَكُ . فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : ( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ : ( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ) يَعْنِي : الْأَيَّامَ التِي عَبَدْنَا فِيهَا الْعِجْلَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ : خَاصَمَتِ الْيَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا : لَنْ نَدْخُلَ النَّارَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ، وَسَيَخْلُفُنَا إِلَيْهَا قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ ، يَعْنُونَ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ : " بَلْ أَنْتُمْ خَالِدُونَ مُخَلَّدُونَ لَا يَخْلُفُكُمْ إِلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ " . فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ : ( وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً ) الْآيَةَ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ أُهْدِيَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَاةٌ فِيهَا سُمٌّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اجْمَعُوا لِي مَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ هَاهُنَا " فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَبُوكُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا : فُلَانٌ . قَالَ : " كَذَبْتُمْ ، بَلْ أَبُوكُمْ فُلَانٌ " . فَقَالُوا : صَدَقْتَ وَبَرَرْتَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ : " هَلْ أَنْتُمْ صَادِقِيَّ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِنْ سَأَلْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ ؟ " . قَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ، وَإِنْ كَذَبْنَاكَ عَرَفْتَ كَذِبَنَا كَمَا عَرَفْتَهُ فِي أَبِينَا . فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ أَهْلُ النَّارِ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : نَكُونُ فِيهَا يَسِيرًا ثُمَّ تَخْلُفُونَا فِيهَا . فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اخْسَئُوا ، وَاللَّهِ لَا نَخْلُفُكُمْ فِيهَا أَبَدًا " . ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَلْ أَنْتُمْ صَادِقِيَّ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِنْ سَأَلْتُكُمْ عَنْهُ ؟ " . قَالُوا : نَعَمْ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ . فَقَالَ : " هَلْ جَعَلْتُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الشَّاةِ سُمًّا ؟ " . فَقَالُوا : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : " فَمَا حَمَلَكُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ؟ " . فَقَالُوا : أَرَدْنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ كَاذِبًا أَنْ نَسْتَرِيحَ مِنْكَ ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ نَبِيًّا لَمْ يَضُرَّكَ </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، بِنَحْوِهِ . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;"><b>56</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #073763;">[ ص: 315 ] ( بَلَى مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ( 81 ) وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ( 82 )</span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَقُولُ تَعَالَى : لَيْسَ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَمَنَّيْتُمْ ، وَلَا كَمَا تَشْتَهُونَ ، بَلِ الْأَمْرُ : أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ ، وَهُوَ مَنْ وَافَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ ، بَلْ جَمِيعُ عَمَلِهِ سَيِّئَاتٌ ، فَهَذَا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَعَمِلُوا الصَالِحَاتِ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ الْمُوَافِقِ لِلشَّرِيعَةِ فَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ . وَهَذَا الْمَقَامُ شَبِيهٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى :(لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَالِحَاتِ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيرًا )[النِّسَاءِ : 123 ، 124 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ أَوْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( بَلَى مَنْ كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً ) أَيْ : عَمِلَ مِثْلَ أَعْمَالِكُمْ ، وَكَفَرَ بِمِثْلِ مَا كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ ، حَتَّى يُحِيطَ بِهِ كُفْرُهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : الشِّرْكُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ ، وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ ، وَالْحَسَنِ ، وَقَتَادَةَ ، وَالرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، نَحْوَهُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ أَيْضًا وَالسُّدِّيُّ : السَّيِّئَةُ : الْكَبِيرَةُ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ : (وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ ) قَالَ : بِقَلْبِهِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَأَبُو وَائِلٍ ، وَعَطَاءٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ : (وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ ) قَالُوا : أَحَاطَ بِهِ شِرْكُهُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَزِينٍ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ:( وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ ) قَالَ : الذِي يَمُوتُ عَلَى خَطَايَا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتُوبَ . وَعَنِ السُّدِّيِّ ، وَأَبِي رَزِينٍ ، نَحْوَهُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ ، وَالْحَسَنُ ، فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُمَا ، وَقَتَادَةُ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ : ( وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ ) الْكَبِيرَةُ الْمُوجِبَةُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَكُلُّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالِ مُتَقَارِبَةٌ فِي الْمَعْنَى ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .<span style="color: #660000;"> وَيُذْكَرُ هَاهُنَا الْحَدِيثُ الذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ حَيْثُ قَالَ : </span></span></b><span style="color: #660000;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي عِيَاضٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ [ ص: 316 ] بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ ، فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَجْتَمِعْنَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ حَتَّى يُهْلِكْنَهُ ".وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ضَرَبَ لَهُنَّ مَثَلًا كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ نَزَلُوا بِأَرْضٍ فَلَاةٍ ، فَحَضَرَ صَنِيعُ الْقَوْمِ ، فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَنْطَلِقُ فَيَجِيءُ بِالْعُودِ ، وَالرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ بِالْعُودِ ، حَتَّى جَمَعُوا سَوَادًا ، وَأَجَّجُوا نَارًا ، فَأَنْضَجُوا مَا قَذَفُوا فِيهَا . </span></b></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ أَوْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : (وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَالِحَاتِ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ) أَيْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِمَا كَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ ، وَعَمَلَ بِمَا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ دِينِهِ ، فَلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا . يُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّ الثَّوَابَ بِالْخَيْرِ وَالشَّرِّ مُقِيمٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ ، لَا انْقِطَاعَ لَهُ أَبَدًا .</span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: blue;"><b>57</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: blue;">( وإذ أخذنا ميثاق بني إسرائيل لا تعبدون إلا الله وبالوالدين إحسانا وذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وقولوا للناس حسنا وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة ثم توليتم إلا قليلا منكم وأنتم معرضون ( 83 ) </span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يذكر تبارك وتعالى بني إسرائيل بما أمرهم به من الأوامر ، وأخذ ميثاقهم على ذلك ، وأنهم تولوا عن ذلك كله ، وأعرضوا قصدا وعمدا ، وهم يعرفونه ويذكرونه ، فأمرهم أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئا . وبهذا أمر جميع خلقه ، ولذلك خلقهم كما قال تعالى : ( وما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا فاعبدون ) [ الأنبياء : 25 ] وقال تعالى : ( ولقد بعثنا في كل أمة رسولا أن اعبدوا الله واجتنبوا الطاغوت ) [ النحل : 36 ] وهذا هو أعلى الحقوق وأعظمها ، وهو حق الله تعالى ، أن يعبد وحده لا شريك له ، ثم بعده حق المخلوقين ، وآكدهم وأولاهم بذلك حق الوالدين ، ولهذا يقرن الله تعالى بين حقه وحق الوالدين ، كما قال تعالى : ( أن اشكر لي ولوالديك إلي المصير ) [ لقمان : 14 ] وقال تعالى : ( وقضى ربك ألا تعبدوا إلا إياه وبالوالدين إحسانا ) الآية إلى أن قال : ( وآت ذا القربى حقه والمسكين وابن السبيل ) [ الإسراء : 23 - 26 ] وفي الصحيحين ، عن ابن مسعود ، قلت : يا رسول الله ، أي العمل أفضل ؟ قال : " الصلاة على وقتها " . قلت : ثم أي ؟ قال : " بر الوالدين " . قلت : ثم أي ؟ قال : " الجهاد في سبيل الله " . ولهذا جاء في الحديث الصحيح : أن رجلا قال : يا رسول الله ، من أبر ؟ قال : " أمك " . قال : ثم من ؟ قال : " أمك " . قال : ثم من ؟ قال : " أباك . ثم أدناك أدناك "</span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>[ ص: 317 ] </b></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ وقوله : ( لا تعبدون إلا الله ) قال الزمخشري : خبر بمعنى الطلب ، وهو آكد . وقيل : كان أصله : ألا تعبدوا كما قرأها بعض السلف فحذفت أن فارتفع ، وحكي عن أبي وابن مسعود ، رضي الله عنهما ، أنهما قرآها : " لا تعبدوا إلا الله " . وقيل : ( لا تعبدون ) مرفوع على أنه قسم ، أي : والله لا تعبدون إلا الله ، ونقل هذا التوجيه القرطبي في تفسيره عن سيبويه . وقال : اختاره المبرد والكسائي والفراء ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال : ( واليتامى ) وهم : الصغار الذين لا كاسب لهم من الآباء . [ وقال أهل اللغة : اليتيم في بني آدم من الآباء ، وفي البهائم من الأم ، وحكى الماوردي أن اليتيم أطلق في بني آدم من الأم أيضا ] ( والمساكين ) الذين لا يجدون ما ينفقون على أنفسهم وأهليهم ، وسيأتي الكلام على هذه الأصناف عند آية النساء ، التي أمرنا الله تعالى بها صريحا في قوله : ( واعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئا وبالوالدين إحسانا ) الآية [ النساء : 36 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقوله تعالى : ( وقولوا للناس حسنا ) أي : كلموهم طيبا ، ولينوا لهم جانبا ، ويدخل في ذلك الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر بالمعروف ، كما قال الحسن البصري في قوله : ( وقولوا للناس حسنا ) فالحسن من القول : يأمر بالمعروف وينهى عن المنكر ، ويحلم ، ويعفو ، ويصفح ، ويقول للناس حسنا كما قال الله ، وهو كل خلق حسن رضيه الله . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا روح ، حدثنا أبو عامر الخزاز ، عن أبي عمران الجوني ، عن عبد الله بن الصامت ، عن أبي ذر ، رضي الله عنه ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : <span style="color: red;">" لا تحقرن من المعروف شيئا ، وإن لم تجد فالق أخاك بوجه منطلق " </span>. </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وأخرجه مسلم في صحيحه ، والترمذي [ وصححه ] من حديث أبي عامر الخزاز ، واسمه صالح بن رستم ، به . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وناسب أن يأمرهم بأن يقولوا للناس حسنا ، بعد ما أمرهم بالإحسان إليهم بالفعل ، فجمع بين طرفي الإحسان الفعلي والقولي . ثم أكد الأمر بعبادته والإحسان إلى الناس بالمعين من ذلك ، وهو الصلاة والزكاة ، فقال : ( وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة ) وأخبر أنهم تولوا عن ذلك كله ، أي : تركوه وراء ظهورهم ، وأعرضوا عنه على عمد بعد العلم به ، إلا القليل منهم ، وقد أمر تعالى هذه الأمة بنظير ذلك في سورة النساء ، بقوله : ( واعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئا وبالوالدين إحسانا وبذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين والجار ذي القربى والجار الجنب والصاحب بالجنب وابن السبيل وما ملكت أيمانكم إن الله لا يحب من كان مختالا فخورا ) [ النساء : 36 ]</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 318 ] </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">فقامت هذه الأمة من ذلك بما لم تقم به أمة من الأمم قبلها ، ولله الحمد والمنة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ومن النقول الغريبة هاهنا ما ذكره ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره: </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا محمد بن خلف العسقلاني ، حدثنا عبد الله بن يوسف يعني التنيسي حدثنا خالد بن صبيح ، عن حميد بن عقبة ، عن أسد بن وداعة : أنه كان يخرج من منزله فلا يلقى يهوديا ولا نصرانيا إلا سلم عليه ، فقيل له : ما شأنك ؟ تسلم على اليهودي والنصراني . فقال : إن الله يقول : ( وقولوا للناس حسنا ) وهو : السلام . قال : وروي عن عطاء الخراساني ، نحوه . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قلت : وقد ثبت في السنة أنهم لا يبدؤون بالسلام ، والله أعلم </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><b>58</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">( وإذ أخذنا ميثاقكم لا تسفكون دماءكم ولا تخرجون أنفسكم من دياركم ثم أقررتم وأنتم تشهدون ( 84 ) ثم أنتم هؤلاء تقتلون أنفسكم وتخرجون فريقا منكم من ديارهم تظاهرون عليهم بالإثم والعدوان وإن يأتوكم أسارى تفادوهم وهو محرم عليكم إخراجهم أفتؤمنون ببعض الكتاب وتكفرون ببعض فما جزاء من يفعل ذلك منكم إلا خزي في الحياة الدنيا ويوم القيامة يردون إلى أشد العذاب وما الله بغافل عما تعملون ( 85 ) أولئك الذين اشتروا الحياة الدنيا بالآخرة فلا يخفف عنهم العذاب ولا هم ينصرون ( 86 ) </span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يقول ، تبارك وتعالى ، منكرا على اليهود الذين كانوا في زمان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالمدينة ، وما كانوا يعانونه من القتال مع الأوس والخزرج ، وذلك أن الأوس والخزرج ، وهم الأنصار ، كانوا في الجاهلية عباد أصنام ، وكانت بينهم حروب كثيرة ، وكانت يهود المدينة ثلاث قبائل : بنو قينقاع . وبنو النضير حلفاء الخزرج . وبنو قريظة حلفاء الأوس . فكانت الحرب إذا نشبت بينهم قاتل كل فريق مع حلفائه ، فيقتل اليهودي أعداءه ، وقد يقتل اليهودي الآخر من الفريق الآخر ، وذلك حرام عليهم في دينه ونص كتابه ، ويخرجونهم من بيوتهم وينهبون ما فيها من الأثاث والأمتعة والأموال ، ثم إذا وضعت الحرب أوزارها استفكوا الأسارى من الفريق المغلوب ، عملا بحكم التوراة ; ولهذا قال تعالى : ( أفتؤمنون ببعض الكتاب وتكفرون ببعض ) ولهذا قال تعالى : ( وإذ أخذنا ميثاقكم لا تسفكون دماءكم ولا تخرجون أنفسكم من دياركم ) أي : لا يقتل بعضكم بعضا ، ولا يخرجه من منزله ، ولا يظاهر عليه ، كما قال تعالى : ( فتوبوا إلى بارئكم فاقتلوا أنفسكم ذلكم خير لكم عند بارئكم )[البقرة : 54 ]</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ ص: 319 ] </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وذلك أن أهل الملة الواحدة بمنزلة النفس الواحدة ، كما قال عليه الصلاة والسلام : " مثل المؤمنين في توادهم وتراحمهم وتواصلهم بمنزلة الجسد الواحد،إذا اشتكى منه عضو تداعى له سائر الجسد بالحمى والسهر " . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وقوله ](ثم أقررتم وأنتم تشهدون ) أي : ثم أقررتم بمعرفة هذا الميثاق وصحته وأنتم تشهدون به . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> (ثم أنتم هؤلاء تقتلون أنفسكم وتخرجون فريقا منكم من ديارهم تظاهرون عليهم بالإثم والعدوان وإن يأتوكم أسارى تفادوهم وهو محرم عليكم إخراجهم ) قال محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن سعيد بن جبير أو عكرمة عن ابن عباس : ( ثم أنتم هؤلاء تقتلون أنفسكم ) الآية ، قال : أنبهم الله من فعلهم ، وقد حرم عليهم في التوراة سفك دمائهم وافترض عليهم فيها فداء أسراهم ، فكانوا فريقين : طائفة منهم بنو قينقاع وإنهم حلفاء الخزرج ، والنضير ، وقريظة وإنهم حلفاء الأوس ، فكانوا إذا كانت بين الأوس والخزرج حرب خرجت بنو قينقاع مع الخزرج ، وخرجت النضير وقريظة مع الأوس ، يظاهر كل واحد من الفريقين حلفاءه على إخوانه ، حتى يتسافكوا دماءهم بينهم ، وبأيديهم التوراة يعرفون فيها ما عليهم وما لهم . والأوس والخزرج أهل شرك يعبدون الأوثان ، ولا يعرفون جنة ولا نارا ، ولا بعثا ولا قيامة ، ولا كتابا ، ولا حلالا ولا حراما ، فإذا وضعت الحرب أوزارها افتدوا أسراهم ، تصديقا لما في التوراة ، وأخذا به ; بعضهم من بعض ، يفتدي بنو قينقاع ما كان من أسراهم في أيدي الأوس ، ويفتدي النضير وقريظة ما كان في أيدي الخزرج منهم ، ويطلبون ما أصابوا من دمائهم وقتلى من قتلوا منهم فيما بينهم ، مظاهرة لأهل الشرك عليهم . يقول الله تعالى ذكره حيث أنبهم بذلك:( أفتؤمنون ببعض الكتاب وتكفرون ببعض ) أي : يفاديه بحكم التوراة ويقتله ، وفي حكم التوراة ألا يفعل ، ولا يخرج من داره ، ولا يظاهر عليه من يشرك بالله ، ويعبد الأوثان من دونه ، ابتغاء عرض الدنيا . ففي ذلك من فعلهم مع الأوس والخزرج فيما بلغني نزلت هذه القصة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال أسباط عن السدي : كانت قريظة حلفاء الأوس ، وكانت النضير حلفاء الخزرج ، فكانوا يقتتلون في حرب سمير ، فيقاتل بنو قريظة مع حلفائها النضير وحلفاءهم ، وكانت النضير تقاتل قريظة [ص: 320] وحلفاءها ، ويغلبونهم ، فيخربون ديارهم ، ويخرجونهم منها ، فإذا أسر رجل من الفريقين كليهما ، جمعوا له حتى يفدوه . فتعيرهم العرب بذلك ، ويقولون : كيف تقاتلونهم وتفدونهم ؟ قالوا : إنا أمرنا أن نفديهم ، وحرم علينا قتالهم ، قالوا : فلم تقاتلونهم ؟ قالوا : إنا نستحيي أن تستذل حلفاؤنا . فذلك حين عيرهم الله ، فقال : ( ثم أنتم هؤلاء تقتلون أنفسكم وتخرجون فريقا منكم من ديارهم ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال شعبة ، عن السدي : نزلت هذه الآية في قيس بن الخطيم : (ثم أنتم هؤلاء تقتلون أنفسكم وتخرجون فريقا منكم من ديارهم تظاهرون عليهم بالإثم والعدوان ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال أسباط ، عن السدي ، عن عبد خير ، قال : غزونا مع سلمان بن ربيعة الباهلي بلنجر فحاصرنا أهلها ففتحنا المدينة وأصبنا سبايا واشترى عبد الله بن سلام يهودية بسبعمائة ، فلما مر برأس الجالوت نزل به ، فقال له عبد الله : يا رأس الجالوت ، هل لك في عجوز هاهنا من أهل دينك ، تشتريها مني ؟ قال : نعم . قال : أخذتها بسبعمائة درهم . قال : فإني أربحك سبعمائة أخرى . قال : فإني قد حلفت ألا أنقصها من أربعة آلاف . قال : لا حاجة لي فيها ، قال : والله لتشترينها مني ، أو لتكفرن بدينك الذي أنت عليه . قال : ادن مني ، فدنا منه ، فقرأ في أذنه التي في التوراة : إنك لا تجد مملوكا من بني إسرائيل إلا اشتريته فأعتقته ( وإن يأتوكم أسارى تفادوهم وهو محرم عليكم إخراجهم ) قال : أنت عبد الله بن سلام ؟ قال : نعم . قال : فجاء بأربعة آلاف ، فأخذ عبد الله ألفين ، ورد عليه ألفين . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال آدم بن أبي إياس في تفسيره : حدثنا أبو جعفر يعني الرازي ، حدثنا الربيع بن أنس ، أخبرنا أبو العالية : أن عبد الله بن سلام مر على رأس الجالوت بالكوفة ، وهو يفادي من النساء من لم يقع عليها العرب ، ولا يفادي من وقع عليها العرب ، فقال عبد الله بن سلام : أما إنه مكتوب عندك في كتابك أن تفاديهن كلهن . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> والذي أرشدت إليه الآية الكريمة ، وهذا السياق ، ذم اليهود في قيامهم بأمر التوراة التي يعتقدون صحتها ، ومخالفة شرعها ، مع معرفتهم بذلك وشهادتهم له بالصحة ، فلهذا لا يؤتمنون على ما فيها ولا على نقلها ، ولا يصدقون فيما يكتمونه من صفة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ونعته ، ومبعثه ومخرجه ، ومهاجره ، وغير ذلك من شئونه ، التي قد أخبرت بها الأنبياء قبله . واليهود عليهم لعائن الله يتكاتمونه بينهم ، ولهذا قال تعالى ( فما جزاء من يفعل ذلك منكم إلا خزي في الحياة الدنيا ) أي : بسبب مخالفتهم شرع الله وأمره ( ويوم القيامة يردون إلى أشد العذاب ) جزاء على ما كتموه من كتاب الله الذي بأيديهم ( وما الله بغافل عما تعملون أولئك الذين اشتروا الحياة الدنيا بالآخرة ) أي : استحبوها على الآخرة واختاروها ( فلا يخفف عنهم العذاب ) أي:لا يفتر عنهم ساعة واحدة (ولا هم ينصرون )</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">[ص:321] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> أي : وليس لهم ناصر ينقذهم مما هم فيه من العذاب الدائم السرمدي ، ولا يجيرهم منه . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;"><b>59</b><br /><b>( وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ ( 87 ) </b></span></span></span><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> يَنْعَتُ ، تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى ، بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِالْعُتُوِّ وَالْعِنَادِ وَالْمُخَالَفَةِ ، وَالِاسْتِكْبَارِ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ، وَأَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ، فَذَكَرَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ آتَى مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَهُوَ التَّوْرَاةُ فَحَرَّفُوهَا وَبَدَّلُوهَا ، وَخَالَفُوا أَوَامِرَهَا وَأَوَّلُوهَا . وَأَرْسَلَ الرُّسُلَ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ الَّذِينَ يَحْكُمُونَ بِشَرِيعَتِهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ ) الْآيَةَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 44 ] ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ : ( وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ ) قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ : أَتْبَعْنَا . وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ : أَرْدَفْنَا . وَالْكُلُّ قَرِيبٌ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَا ) [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ : 44 ] حَتَّى خَتَمَ أَنْبِيَاءَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ، فَجَاءَ بِمُخَالَفَةِ التَّوْرَاةِ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْكَامِ ، وَلِهَذَا أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ ، وَهِيَ : الْمُعْجِزَاتُ . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : مِنْ إِحْيَاءِ الْمَوْتَى ، وَخَلْقِهِ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ فَيَنْفُخُ فِيهَا فَتَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ، وَإِبْرَائِهِ الْأَسْقَامَ ، وَإِخْبَارِهِ بِالْغُيُوبِ ، وَتَأْيِيدِهِ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ، وَهُوَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا يَدُلُّهُمْ عَلَى صِدْقِهِ فِيمَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ . فَاشْتَدَّ تَكْذِيبُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَهُ وَحَسَدُهُمْ وَعِنَادُهُمْ لِمُخَالَفَةِ التَّوْرَاةِ فِي الْبَعْضِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنْ عِيسَى : ( وَلِأَحِلَّ لَكُمْ بَعْضَ الذِي حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَجِئْتُكُمْ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ) الْآيَةَ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ : 50 ] . فَكَانَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ تُعَامِلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ أَسْوَأَ الْمُعَامَلَةِ ، فَفَرِيقًا يُكَذِّبُونَهُ . وَفَرِيقًا يَقْتُلُونَهُ ، وَمَا ذَاكَ إِلَّا لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْتُونَهُمْ بِالْأُمُورِ الْمُخَالِفَةِ لِأَهْوَائِهِمْ وَآرَائِهِمْ وَبِإِلْزَامِهِمْ بِأَحْكَامِ التَّوْرَاةِ التِي قَدْ تَصَرَّفُوا فِي مُخَالَفَتِهَا ، فَلِهَذَا كَانَ يَشُقُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَيُكَذِّبُونَهُمْ ، وَرُبَّمَا قَتَلُوا بَعْضَهُمْ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّ رُوحَ الْقُدُسِ هُوَ جِبْرِيلُ ، كَمَا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ [ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَ ] مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ ، وَالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، وَعَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، وَقَتَادَةُ مَعَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ [ بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ مُبِينٍ ] ) [ الشُّعَرَاءِ : 193 - 195 ] مَا قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ : وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَضَعَ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ مِنْبَرًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ، فَكَانَ يُنَافِحُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اللَّهُمَّ أَيِّدْ حَسَّانَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ كَمَا نَافَحَ عَنْ نَبِيِّكَ " . وَهَذَا مِنَ [ ص: 322 ] الْبُخَارِيِّ تَعْلِيقٌ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي سُنَنِهِ ، عَنْ لِوَيْنٍ ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُوسَى الْفَزَارِيِّ ، ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَهِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِهِ . وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَهُوَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ : أَنَّ عُمَرَ مَرَّ بِحَسَّانَ ، وَهُوَ يُنْشِدُ الشِّعْرَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَحَظَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ كُنْتُ أَنْشُدُ فِيهِ ، وَفِيهِ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ . ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، فَقَالَ : أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ أَسْمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " أَجِبْ عَنِّي ، اللَّهُمَّ أَيِّدْهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ " ؟ . فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِحَسَّانَ : " اهْجُهُمْ أَوْ : هَاجِهِمْ وَجِبْرِيلُ مَعَكَ " . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَفِي شِعْرِ حَسَّانَ قَوْلُهُ : </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وَجِبْرِيلٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يُنَادِي وَرُوحُ الْقُدُسِ لَيْسَ بِهِ خَفَاءُ ] </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ : حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ : أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا : أَخْبِرْنَا عَنِ الرُّوحِ . فَقَالَ : " أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَبِأَيَّامِهِ عِنْدَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ ؟ وَهُوَ الذِي يَأْتِينِي ؟ " قَالُوا : نَعَمْ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَفِي صَحِيحِ ابْنِ حِبَّانَ أَظُنُّهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِنَّ رُوحَ الْقُدُسِ نَفَخَ فِي رُوعِي : إِنَّ نَفْسًا لَنْ تَمُوتَ حَتَّى تَسْتَكْمِلَ رِزْقَهَا وَأَجَلَهَا فَاتَّقَوُا اللَّهَ وَأَجْمِلُوا فِي الطَّلَبِ " ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> أَقْوَالٌ أُخَرُ : </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَوْقٍ ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : ( بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ) قَالَ : هُوَ الِاسْمُ الْأَعْظَمُ الذِي كَانَ عِيسَى يُحْيِي بِهِ [ ص: 323 ] الْمَوْتَى . وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حُدِّثْتُ عَنِ الْمِنْجَابِ . فَذَكَرَهُ . قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ : وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ . [ وَنَقَلَهُ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ أَيْضًا قَالَ : وَهُوَ الِاسْمُ الْأَعْظَمُ ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ : الرُّوحُ هُوَ حَفَظَةٌ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ : الْقُدْسُ هُوَ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى . وَهُوَ قَوْلُ كَعْبٍ . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ : الْقُدْسُ : الْبَرَكَةُ . وَقَالَ الْعَوْفِيُّ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : الْقُدْسُ : الطُّهْرُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> [ وَحَكَى الْقُرْطُبِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا : الْقُدُسُ : هُوَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ، وَرُوحُهُ : جِبْرِيلُ ، فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ الْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى ، أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : ( وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ) قَالَ : أَيَّدَ اللَّهُ عِيسَى بِالْإِنْجِيلِ رُوحًا كَمَا جَعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ رُوحًا ، كِلَاهُمَا رُوحٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : ( وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا ) [ الشُّورَى : 52 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ : وَأَوْلَى التَّأْوِيلَاتِ فِي ذَلِكَ بِالصَّوَابِ قَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ : الرُّوحُ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ جِبْرِيلُ ، لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ أَيَّدَ عِيسَى بِهِ ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى وَالدَتِكَ إِذْ أَيَّدْتُكَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ تُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلًا وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ ) الْآيَةَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ : 110 ] . فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ أَيَّدَهُ بِهِ ، فَلَوْ كَانَ الرُّوحُ الذِي أَيَّدَهُ بِهِ هُوَ الْإِنْجِيلُ ، لَكَانَ قَوْلُهُ : ( إِذْ أَيَّدْتُكَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ) ( وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ ) تَكْرِيرُ قَوْلٍ لَا مَعْنَى لَهُ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعَزُّ أَنْ يُخَاطِبَ عِبَادَهُ بِمَا لَا يُفِيدُهُمْ بِهِ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قُلْتُ : وَمِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي أَوَّلِ السِّيَاقِ ; وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ ( بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ) بِالرُّوحِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ ، كَمَا يَقُولُ : حَاتِمُ الْجُودِ وَرَجُلُ صِدْقٍ ، وَوَصْفُهَا بِالْقُدُسِ كَمَا قَالَ : ( وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ ) فَوَصْفُهُ بِالِاخْتِصَاصِ وَالتَّقْرِيبِ تَكْرِمَةٌ ، وَقِيلَ : لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ تَضُمَّهُ الْأَصْلَابُ وَالْأَرْحَامُ الطَّوَامِثُ ، وَقِيلَ : بِجِبْرِيلَ ، وَقِيلَ : بِالْإِنْجِيلِ ، كَمَا قَالَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ : ( رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا ) [ الشُّورَى : 52 ] وَقِيلَ بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمِ الذِي كَانَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى بِذِكْرِهِ ، وَتَضَمَّنَ كَلَامُهُ قَوْلًا آخَرَ وَهُوَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ رُوحُ عِيسَى نَفْسِهِ الْمُقَدَّسَةُ الْمُطَهَّرَةُ . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وَقَالَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ : ( فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ ) إِنَّمَا لَمْ يَقِلْ : وَفَرِيقًا قَتَلْتُمْ ; لِأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ وَصْفَهُمْ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ أَيْضًا لِأَنَّهُمْ حَاوَلُوا قَتْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالسُّمِّ وَالسِّحْرِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ، فِي مَرَضِ مَوْتِهِ : " مَا زَالَتْ أَكْلَةُ خَيْبَرَ تُعَاوِدُنِي فَهَذَا أَوَانُ انْقِطَاعِ أَبْهَرِي " ، وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ . </span></b><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b>60</b></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">[ ص: 324 ] ) وقالوا قلوبنا غلف بل لعنهم الله بكفرهم فقليلا ما يؤمنون ( 88 ) </span></span> </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال محمد بن إسحاق : حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد ، عن عكرمة أو سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) أي : في أكنة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) أي : لا تفقه . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) [ قال ] هي القلوب المطبوع عليها . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال مجاهد : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) عليها غشاوة . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عكرمة : عليها طابع . وقال أبو العالية : أي لا تفقه . وقال السدي : يقولون : عليها غلاف ، وهو الغطاء . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عبد الرزاق ، عن معمر ، عن قتادة : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) هو كقوله : ( وقالوا قلوبنا في أكنة مما تدعونا إليه ) [ فصلت : 5 ] . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم ، في قوله : ( غلف ) قال : يقول : قلبي في غلاف فلا يخلص إليه ما تقول ، قرأ( وقالوا قلوبنا في أكنة مما تدعونا إليه ) </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وهذا هو الذي رجحه ابن جرير ، واستشهد مما روي من حديث عمرو بن مرة الجملي ، عن أبي البختري ، عن حذيفة ، قال : القلوب أربعة . فذكر منها : وقلب أغلف مغضوب عليه ، وذاك قلب الكافر . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن العرزمي ، أنبأنا أبي ، عن جدي ، عن قتادة ، عن الحسن في قوله : ( قلوبنا غلف ) قال : لم تختن . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> هذا القول يرجع معناه إلى ما تقدم من عدم طهارة قلوبهم ، وأنها بعيدة من الخير . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قول آخر : </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> قال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس في قوله :(وقالوا قلوبنا غلف) قال قالوا : قلوبنا مملوءة علما لا تحتاج إلى علم محمد ، ولا غيره . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال عطية العوفي : ( وقالوا قلوبنا غلف ) أي : أوعية للعلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وعلى هذا المعنى جاءت قراءة بعض الأنصار فيما حكاه ابن جرير : " وقالوا قلوبنا غلف " بضم اللام ، أي : جمع غلاف ، أي : أوعية ، بمعنى أنهم ادعوا أن قلوبهم مملوءة بعلم لا يحتاجون معه إلى علم آخر . كما كانوا يمنون بعلم التوراة . ولهذا قال تعالى : ( بل لعنهم الله بكفرهم فقليلا ما يؤمنون ) ، أي : ليس الأمر كما ادعوا بل [ ص: 325 ] قلوبهم ملعونة مطبوع عليها ، كما قال في سورة النساء : (وقولهم قلوبنا غلف بل طبع الله عليها بكفرهم فلا يؤمنون إلا قليلا ) [النساء :155].وقد اختلفوا في معنى قوله : ( فقليلا ما يؤمنون ) وقوله : ( فلا يؤمنون إلا قليلا ) ، فقال بعضهم : فقليل من يؤمن منهم [ واختاره فخر الدين الرازي وحكاه عن قتادة والأصم وأبي مسلم الأصبهاني ] وقيل : فقليل إيمانهم . بمعنى أنهم يؤمنون بما جاءهم به موسى من أمر المعاد والثواب والعقاب ، ولكنه إيمان لا ينفعهم ، لأنه مغمور بما كفروا به من الذي جاءهم به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . </span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> وقال بعضهم : إنهم كانوا غير مؤمنين بشيء ، وإنما قال :( فقليلا ما يؤمنون ) وهم بالجميع كافرون ، كما تقول العرب : قلما رأيت مثل هذا قط . تريد : ما رأيت مثل هذا قط . [ وقال الكسائي : تقول العرب : من زنى بأرض قلما تنبت ، أي : لا تنبت شيئا ] . . </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">حكاه ابن جرير ، والله أعلم . </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">يتتابع ان شاء الله تعالي </span></b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0